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Moosazadeh M, Khakhki S, Bahar A, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Kheradmand M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Ghadirzadeh E. The prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder comorbidity in Tabari cohort population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17577. [PMID: 39080342 PMCID: PMC11289382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) exacerbates diabetes complications and imposes a financial burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TD-DM comorbidity and its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on enrollment phase data of the TABARI cohort population which consisted of 10,255 adults aged between 35 to 70 years old residing in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran from 2015 to 2017. A total of 9939 out of 10,255 individuals (96.92%) entered the study. The prevalence of TD among T2DM patients was 13.2%. The prevalence of T2DM among patients with TD was 9.2%. Furthermore, the prevalence of TD-DM comorbidity in the overall population was 2.2%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of TD-DM comorbidity was significantly higher in women (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.58-5.11), in the age group of 60-70 years (OR 9.62; 95% CI 3.69-25.10), in smokers (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.19-4.52), in individuals with high waist circumference (WC) (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.32-3.75), in individuals with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.20-2.14), in individuals with high total cholesterol (TC) (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.21-2.41), in individuals with high triglycerides (TG) (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.27-2.51), and significantly lower in individuals with higher physical activity (PA) (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.93). The present study demonstrated a prevalence of 2.2% in patients with both TD and T2DM. Additionally, female gender, older age, smoking, high WC, low HDL, high TC, high TG, and low PA were predictors of TD-DM comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Khakhki
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Adele Bahar
- Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghadirzadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Persky V, Abasilim C, Tsintsifas K, Day T, Sargis RM, Daviglus M, Cai J, Freels S, Kaplan R, Isasi CR, Pirzada A, Meyer ML, Talavera GA, Thyagarajan B, Agarwal S, Chavez N, Grieco A, Turyk ME. Thyroid Hormones and Diabetes in Euthyroid Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds: HCHS/SOL. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae039. [PMID: 38623380 PMCID: PMC11017329 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Previous studies have demonstrated associations of endogenous thyroid hormones with diabetes; less is known about stages of diabetes development at which they are operative, mechanisms of associations, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Objective This study examined associations of thyroid hormones with incident prediabetes and diabetes and with changes in glycemic traits in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), the largest cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults with diverse backgrounds in the United States. Methods The study includes 592 postmenopausal euthyroid women and 868 euthyroid men aged 45 to 74 years without diabetes at baseline participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Baseline hormones included thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and indices calculated from thyroid hormones evaluating pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Transitions to diabetes and prediabetes, and changes in glycemic traits determined at the 6-year follow-up visit, were examined using multivariable Poisson and linear regressions. Results Among women, T3 (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.24; P = .001) and TSH (IRR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.01-4.33; P = .047) were positively, while FT4 (IRR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88; P = .011) was inversely, associated with transition from prediabetes to diabetes. Among men, the T3/FT4 ratio was positively associated with transition from normoglycemia to prediabetes but not from prediabetes to diabetes. Indices measuring sensitivity of the pituitary to thyroid hormone suggested increased sensitivity in men who transitioned from prediabetes to diabetes. Conclusion Positive associations in women of T3 and TSH and inverse associations of FT4, as well as inverse associations of thyroid indices in men with transition from prediabetes to diabetes, but not from normoglycemia to diabetes, suggest decreased pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormones in women and increased sensitivity in men later in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chibuzor Abasilim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Konstantina Tsintsifas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tessa Day
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noel Chavez
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arielle Grieco
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Selim S, Alam MS, Talukder SK, Kabir ML, Gaffar AJ, Kabir MA, Zarin N, Rahman SI, Nabi MMU, Mustari M, Hossain MF, Raunak AIB, Hoque MA, Islam MR, Akter F, Hannan MA, Saifuddin M, Asaduzzaman M, Rahman MM, Ahammed A, Rafi MA, Hasan MJ, Kamrul-Hasan ABM. Status of lipid control in Bangladeshi subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus on lipid-lowering drugs: a multicenter, facility-based, cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 38053073 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achievement of lipid targets is crucial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data on lipid-control status among patients with T2DM in Bangladesh are scarce. This study was conducted to determine the lipid-control status among patients with T2DM who were on lipid-lowering drugs in the country. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetes outpatient departments of several tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2022. Adults of both sexes diagnosed with T2DM for at least one year and were on the lipid-lowering drug(s) for a minimum of 3 months were included in the study by consecutive sampling. Patients' data were collected by face-to-face interviews, and blood samples were collected for fasting lipid profile. The lipid target was set at < 200 mg/dL for total cholesterol (TC), < 150 mg/dL for triglyceride (TG), < 100 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), > 40 mg/dL for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and < 160 mg/dL for non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C). RESULT Three thousand sixty patients (age 44.7 ± 13.3 years, female 57%) with T2DM were evaluated. Overall, almost 81% of the study subjects achieved the LDL-C target. Besides, TC, TG, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C targets were achieved by 40.8, 21.6, 66.3, and 44.1% of patients, respectively. However, all the lipid parameters were under control in only 8.8% of patients. Almost 77.6% of the patients with ischemic heart disease, 81.5% of patients with stroke, and 65% of patients with CKD had LDL levels < 70 mg/dL. Only 10.03% achieved the HbA1c target of < 7%. 7.4% of patients achieved both HbA1c < 7% and LDL < 100 mg/dL and 5% achieved both HbA1c < 7% and LDL < 70 mg/dL. Advanced age (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96, 0.98, p < 0.001), longstanding T2DM (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39, 0.72, p < 0.001), and non-statin therapy (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.16, 0.37, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with lipid control (LDL < 100 mg/dL) while using oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.45, 2.77, p < 0.001) and having cardiovascular comorbidity (aOR 3.92, 95% CI 3.00, 5.12, p < 0.001) were positively associated with lipid control. CONCLUSION Though most patients with T2DM achieved their target LDL level, the prevalence of both glycemic and overall lipid control was low in our study despite lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahjada Selim
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shah Alam
- Department of Medicine, Army Medical College Cumilla, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Lutful Kabir
- Department of Endocrinology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Jar Gaffar
- Department of Pathology, Naogaon Medical College, Naogaon, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahamedul Kabir
- Department of Endocrinology, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Zarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Ibn Rahman
- Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masud Un Nabi
- Department of Endocrinology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Marufa Mustari
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Firoj Hossain
- Department of Endocrinology, Mugda Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Azizul Hoque
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | | | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaheed Sheikh Abu Naser Specialized Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Afsar Ahammed
- Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Sher-E- Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - A B M Kamrul-Hasan
- Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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Atrooz OM, Hiresh MN, Dlewan AR, Atrooz MO, Hiresh GN, Alasoufi AM, Atrooz IO. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and the association with levels of TSH and T4 hormones among patients in south region of Jordan. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:706-713. [PMID: 38084237 PMCID: PMC10710817 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolipid metabolism disorders (dysglycolipidemia) are characterized by elevated levels of glycolipid profile components and fasting blood glucose. Dysglycolipidemia are major threats to human health and life. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to estimate the prevalence of dysglycolipidemia and the existence of association of TSH and T4 and glycolipid profiles. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from the medical laboratory of Ma'an Governmental Hospital. A total of 141 patients' results were collected (18-60 years). Differences in the glycolipidemic profiles according to age and sex and TSH and T4 were compared. Different statistical analyses were used to analyze the prevalence of dysglycolipidemia and the correlation with the levels of TSH and T4. RESULTS The study involved results of 141 patients (54.7% males and 45.3% females) in Ma'an Province (Jordan), who visited the internal medicine clinic at Ma'an Governmental Hospital. Patients have overweight and BMI of more than 25 kg/m2. The overall results of the prevalence of dyslipidemia indicated that patients have 42.5% of hypercholesterolemia, 48.2% of high LDL-C, 34.1% of hypertriglyceridemia, and 41.8% of low HDL-C. The prevalence of isolated lipid profiles showed that 10 patients have mixed dyslipidemia. The association of dyslipidemia with age indicated a positive significance between triglyceride and older people (≥40 years), while HDL levels have a significance with gender (p=0.025). The overall ANOVA model yielded non-statistical significant results between levels of any components of lipid profile and levels of TSH and T4 hormones. Welch test (p=0.036) showed positive significance between levels of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed and confirmed the presence of a high percentage of hyperlipidemia in Ma'an province and there was no relationship with levels of TSH and T4. A relationship exists between levels of triglycerides and blood glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazen Nayef Hiresh
- The Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Emergency Department, Telford, United Kingdom
| | - Alghonmeen Reham Dlewan
- Resident in Jordanian Royal Medical Service, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Omar Atrooz
- Resident in Jordanian Royal Medical Service, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Amman, Jordan
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Lv F, Cai X, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhou X, Han X, Ji L. Sensitivity to thyroid hormone and risk of components of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese euthyroid population. J Diabetes 2023; 15:900-910. [PMID: 37429739 PMCID: PMC10590679 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the association of sensitivity to thyroid hormone with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Chinese euthyroid population. METHODS A total of 3573 participants from Pinggu Metabolic Disease Study were analyzed. Serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area of abdominal, and lumbar skeletal muscle area (SMA) were measured. Central thyroid hormone resistance was calculated by the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) and Chinese-referenced Parametric TFQI (PTFQI), Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) and TSH Index (TSHI). Peripheral thyroid hormone resistance was assessed by FT3/FT4 ratio. RESULTS Higher values of TSHI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.079-1.262, p < .001), TT4RI (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.031-1.206, p = .006), TFQI (OR = 1.196, 95% CI: 1.106-1.294, p < .001), PTFQI (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.104-1.292, p < .001), and lower values of FT3/FT4 ratio (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.845-0.990, p = .026) were associated with MetS. Increased levels of TFQI and PTFQI were associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Increased levels of TSHI and TT4RI were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reduced levels of FT3/FT4 ratio were associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. The levels of TSHI, TFQI, and PTFQI were negatively related to SMA and positively related to VAT, SAT, and TAT (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Reduced thyroid hormone sensitivity was associated with MetS and its components. Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity might affect the distribution of adipose tissue and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Pinggu HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Clock Disruption, and Metabolic Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010060. [PMID: 36676985 PMCID: PMC9863434 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. It is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Many pathways can be responsible for T2DM development in OSA patients, e.g., those related to HIF-1 and SIRT1 expression. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNA181a or miRNA199, are postulated to play a pivotal role in this link. It has been proven that OSA increases the occurrence of circadian clock disruption, which is also a risk factor for metabolic disease development. Circadian clock disruption impairs the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and the secretion of bile acids. Therefore, OSA-induced circadian clock disruption may be a potential, complex, underlying pathway involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic diseases among OSA patients. The current paper summarizes the available information pertaining to the relationship between OSA and circadian clock disruption in the context of potential mechanisms leading to metabolic disorders.
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Kim HJ, Park SJ, Park HK, Byun DW, Suh K, Yoo MH. Association of free thyroxine with obstructive lung pattern in euthyroid middle-aged subjects: A population-based study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270126. [PMID: 35867637 PMCID: PMC9307150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between thyroid hormone levels and pulmonary function in euthyroid population is still unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and lung function in a large cohort study of euthyroid subjects. Methods We analyzed biochemical and spirometry data from a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 1,261 middle-aged participants aged 45–65 years with spirometry tests and normal thyroid function were included in this study. The subjects were grouped according to free thyroxine (fT4) (ng/dL) quartiles (Q1, 0.89–1.09; Q2, 1.10–1.19; Q3, 1.20–1.30; Q4, 1.31–1.76). Obstructive lung pattern was defined as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.7. The probability of obstructive lung patterns according to fT4 quartiles was assessed using logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Overall, 10.9% of the subjects had an obstructive lung pattern. The mean fT4 levels were significantly higher in those with obstructive lung pattern than in those with normal lung function (1.26 vs. 1.20 ng/dL, p<0.001). The proportion of participants with obstructive lung pattern increased across the fT4 quartile categories (p<0.001). With the Q1 group as reference, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for obstructive lung pattern in the Q3 and Q4 groups were 2.875 (1.265–6.535) and 2.970 (1.287–6.854), respectively, even after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion High fT4 levels are an independent predictor of obstructive lung pattern in euthyroid middle-aged subjects. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoil Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hi Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Elim Thyroid Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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Sun N, Li W, Osibogun O, Kalan ME, Jebai R, Gautam P, Taskin T, Yin W, Jones JA, Gamber M, Sun W. Adolescence exposure to China's great famine period and the association of metabolic syndrome in adulthood: a retrospective study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:688. [PMID: 35395755 PMCID: PMC8991788 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to famine during early life is related to several adverse health outcomes in adulthood, but the effect of famine exposure during adolescence is unclear. This study aims to examine whether exposure to famine in adolescence is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. METHODS This study included 4130 Chinese adults (2059 males and 2071 females) aged 59-71 from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All the selected participants were exposed to the three-year time period (1959-1961) of China's Great Famine. Participants were categorized into an adolescent-exposed group (born 01/01/1944-12/31/1948) and a non-adolescent-exposed group (born 01/01/1940-12/31/1941 and 01/01/1951-12/31/1952). Sex-stratified multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between exposure to famine in adolescence and MetS. RESULTS Participants exposed to famine during adolescence were more likely to report MetS (aOR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.01-1.78) compared to the non-adolescent-exposed group. Further, males were 45% less likely to report MetS than females (aOR = 0.55; 95%CI 0.36-0.83). After stratification by sex, the effects of famine exposure during adolescence on MetS were detected among males only (aOR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.20-3.24). Additionally, males with a history of drinking were more likely to report MetS compared to those with no history of drinking (aOR = 2.63; 95%CI 1.41-4.90). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that exposure to famine during adolescence is associated with higher odds of MetS in adulthood overall, and this association is only pronounced among males. This study emphasizes that undernutrition in early life, including adolescence, may have a long-term effect and be associated with adverse health events in middle-to-late life. Targeting those elderly people who suffered famine during adolescence may help prevent the development of MetS in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- School of Medicine, Linberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rime Jebai
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tanjila Taskin
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wupeng Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Gamber
- School of Health Professions, Shenandoah University, 1775 North Sector Court, Suite 220 B, Winchester, VA, 22601, USA.
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 1111 W. 17th Street, Tulsa, OK, 74017, USA.
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Shin KA, Kim EJ. Association between thyroid hormone and components of metabolic syndrome in euthyroid Korean adults: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28409. [PMID: 34941185 PMCID: PMC8701466 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction increases the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. However, the link between thyroid hormones and metabolic syndrome remains debatable, and the effect of sex on their relationship is not completely understood. To elucidate the relationship of thyroid hormones with metabolic syndrome and its components according to sex in euthyroid individuals in South Korea. Adult participants who underwent thyroid tests at our institution between January 2015 and December 2018 and had thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; 0.270-4.200 μIU/mL) and free thyroxine (FT4; 0.93-1.70 ng/dL) levels in the normal range were included. After correcting for age and body mass index, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the association of TSH and FT4 with metabolic syndrome and its components, and logistic regression was performed to estimate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and its components according to different thyroid hormone quartiles. We included 12,478 men and 7,575 women in this study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 9.68%. In men, TSH was positively associated with blood pressure and triglycerides, and the odds ratio for high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia was approximately 1.3 times higher in the fourth quartile than in the first quartile. FT4 associated positively with waist circumference, and a high odds ratio for abdominal obesity in the fourth quartile was observed in both men (odds ratio [OR], 1.239; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.045-1.470) and women (OR, 1.302; 95% CI, 1.029-1.649). A negative association was found between FT4 and triglycerides, and concurrently, the odds ratios for hypertriglyceridemia were lower in the fourth quartile in both men (OR, 0.692; 95% CI, 0.619-0.774) and women (OR: 0.641; 95% CI: 0.512-0.803). In addition, a higher odds ratio for high blood pressure was observed in the fourth quartiles of FT4 and TSH in women. However, there was no association between TSH and FT4 levels and the onset of metabolic syndrome in either of the sexes. Serum TSH and FT4 levels were associated with different metabolic syndrome components in men and women, but there was no association with the onset of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung A. Shin
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University, Daehak-ro, Jeongmi-myeon, Dangjin-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Medical Laboratory Science, Jeonju Kijeon University, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Ding X, Zhu CY, Li R, Wu LP, Wang Y, Hu SQ, Liu YM, Zhao FY, Zhao Y, Zhang M, He MQ, Chen ZY, Shi BY. Lower normal free thyroxine is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort on Chinese population. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:39. [PMID: 33663458 PMCID: PMC7934401 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) across the euthyroid ranges and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been widely discussed. This study aimed to present specific cutoff values of THs to assess the association between THs and MetS in a euthyroid cohort. METHODS Data of 2694 subjects, aged 18-80 years, who attended health examination in Xi'an Electric Power Central Hospital from April 2011 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed. The first cohort enrolled 929 participants (followed up by 2221 person-years totally) to assess correlations between serum thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) levels and MetS. The second cohort included 698 participants (followed up by 1709 person-years totally) to evaluate relationships between serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) levels and MetS. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) scientific statements of 2009. Euthyroidism was defined as serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels within the reference ranges without taking any thyroid medication. RESULTS The cutoff values for TSH, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 were 2.0mIU/L, 1.9 nmol/L, 117 nmol/L, 4.3 pmol/L and 16 pmol/L, respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups according to cutoff values: the lower-THs group and the higher-THs group. There was no significant difference in the risk of MetS between two groups in TSH, T3, T4 and FT3. The incidence of MetS was significantly higher in lower-FT4 group than higher-FT4 group (1.00 vs 0.622 (0.458, 0.846), P = 0.002). The lower-FT4/higher-TSH group had the highest hazard ratios of MetS. (2.131vs 1.0 (1.380,3.291), P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Lower normal FT4 (FT4 ≤ 16.0 pmol/L) is an independent risk factor for MetS, and lower normal thyroid function (TSH > 2.0 mIU/L and FT4 ≤ 16.0 pmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of developing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Chun-Ying Zhu
- Department of Disease Prevention And Control, Shaanxi Xi’an Electric Power Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Ping Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Shi-Qian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng-Yi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Ming-Qian He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Bing-Yin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Street, Xi’an, 710061 China
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Lin BG, Chen CR, Chen XC, Qiao J, Yan QX, Yang P, Chen WL, Li LZ, Qiu PC, Ding C, Huang DJ, Yu YJ. Effects of organochlorine exposure on male reproductive disorders in an electronic waste area of South China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106318. [PMID: 33387882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that organochlorine exposure can affect male reproductive functions, causing poor semen quality, endocrine disruption, or dysregulation of thyroid hormones. This study uses multiple linear regression (MLR) models to analyze the correlation between male reproductive functions and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners or p,p'-DDE levels in serum, semen, and indoor dust samples. Multiple comparisons were all adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR). The results revealed that the PCB congener levels in seminal plasma were significantly associated with the quality parameters of human semen (i.e., sperm count, morphology, and motility) and thyroid hormones after adjusting for covariates, e.g., associations of the sperm concentration with levels of CB105 (β = -0.323, 95% CI: -0.561, -0.085, p = 0.009), CB44 (β = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.880, p < 0.001), and CB66 (β = -0.435, 95% CI: -0.728, -0.143, p = 0.004) in the seminal plasma were observed. Correlations between serum pollutants levels and the semen quality, reproductive hormones, or thyroid hormones were also observed. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the quantification of PCBs in seminal plasma can better describe male reproductive disorders than that in serum or dust. Organochlorine exposure measured in serum or dust, especially in seminal plasma, was associated with semen quality, as well as reproductive and thyroid hormones, thus suggesting that the impacts of persistent pollutants on male reproductive health require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Gui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Cai-Rong Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, PR China
| | - Xi-Chao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xia Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of the Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wan-le Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, PR China
| | - Liang-Zhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Pei-Chang Qiu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, PR China
| | - Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Dao-Jian Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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Yuan C, Sun X, Liu Y, Wu J. The thyroid hormone levels and glucose and lipid metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes: a correlation analysis. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:276-282. [PMID: 33708513 PMCID: PMC7944189 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is common in clinical setting, the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T1DM remains unclear. We attempted to analyze the correlation of thyroid hormone levels and blood glucose and lipid metabolism in children with normal thyroid function. METHODS Children with T1DM were selected, and 85 healthy children who underwent physical examinations in our hospital as control group. The characteristics and laboratory testing results were compared, the correlation of thyroid hormone levels with blood glucose and blood lipids was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 167 participants were included. the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in T1DM patients were higher than those in healthy controls, while the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in T1DM patients were lower than that of healthy children (all P<0.05). TSH was positively correlated with LDL-C (r=0.169, P=0.032), TC (r=0.182, P=0.017) and TG (r=0.197, P=0.008), negatively correlated with FBG (r=-0.196, P=0.023) and HbAlc (r=-0.328, P=0.002). FT3 was negatively correlated with TG (r=-0.182, P=0.011), FBG (r=-0.184, P=0.009) and HbAlc (r=-0.223, P=0.005). TG in the high TSH group and the middle TSH group is higher than that of low TSH group. However, FBG and HbAlc were lower than those in the low TSH group (all P<0.05). Compared with the low FT3 group, the TG, FBG and HbAlc decreased in the high and middle FT3 group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The serum TSH are closely associated with FT3 and glycolipid metabolism in children with T1DM, which may be the useful indicators to assess the severity of T1DM in clinical settings to provide insights into the management of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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13
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Keskin H, Cadirci K, Gungor K, Karaaslan T, Usta T, Ozkeskin A, Musayeva A, Yesildal F, Isman F, Zengin HY. Association between TSH Values and GFR Levels in Euthyroid Cases with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:8891972. [PMID: 34122543 PMCID: PMC8172317 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8891972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Although the negative effects of high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels have been known for years, the negative effects of increased TSH on GFR in euthyroid cases have been reported in recent years. This study was aimed at investigating the association between the effect of increased TSH values and estimated-GFR (eGFR) levels in euthyroid cases with MetS. METHODS For this hospital-based descriptive study, 191 MetS cases (123 females, 68 males) were evaluated. Those whose TSH was not within 0.5-4.5 uIU/mL, eGFR was <40 mL/min/1.73 m2, and/or reported any thyroid/kidney disease were excluded. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationship between the eGFR values and several other numerical variables while controlling for age and BMI in addition to the adjusted gender effect. Thereafter, the multiple linear regression analysis with a stepwise variable selection approach was used to reveal the independent factors that could affect the logarithmically transformed eGFR. RESULTS The median age was 52 (19-65) years, the median eGFR was 94.3 (41.3-194) mL/min/1.73 m2, and the median TSH was 1.58 (0.50-4.50) uIU/mL in the whole group. Increased TSH even in the normal range was associated with eGFR after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), especially in females. The high age (b = -0.160, p=0.005), high BMI (b = -0.134, p=0.020), high TSH (b = -0.380, p < 0.01), and high uric acid (b = -0.348, p < 0.01) were found as significant predictors of the eGFR in MetS patients. CONCLUSION Independent of age and BMI, elevated TSH even in the euthyroid range showed an association with the eGFR in female MetS cases who had normal kidney functions. This correlation was stronger than the correlations between the eGFR and the MetS diagnostic parameters. These findings need further studies on the issue..
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Keskin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34772, Turkey
| | - K. Cadirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - K. Gungor
- Department of Endocrinology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Karaaslan
- Department of Nephrology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Usta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34772, Turkey
| | - A. Ozkeskin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34772, Turkey
| | - A. Musayeva
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center of Oncology Department of Epidemiology and Statistics of Malignant Tumors, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - F. Yesildal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F. Isman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H. Y. Zengin
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Liu B, Wang Z, Fu J, Guan H, Lyu Z, Wang W. Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones and Risk of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657114. [PMID: 34017311 PMCID: PMC8129566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormone influences glucose homeostasis through central and peripheral regulations. To date, the link between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and prediabetes remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and risk of prediabetes in both general and euthyroid populations. METHODS Participants with serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) measurements from the health checkup programs of the First Hospital of China Medical University were collected. We measured the parameters representing central and peripheral sensitivities to thyroid hormones (central sensitivity, assessed by calculating Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), TSH Index (TSHI), and Thyrotroph Thyroxine Resistance Index (TT4RI); peripheral sensitivity, evaluated by FT3/FT4 ratio). Associations between thyroid hormones sensitivities and risk of prediabetes were assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 4378 participants (mean age ± SD, 49 ± 11 years) were included, with 1457 (33%) subjects had prediabetes. The risk of prediabetes was negatively associated with levels of TSHI (odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.97), TT4RI (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) and Parametric TFQI (PTFQI) (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.95) among all subjects. The association remained significant in euthyroid subjects and euthyroid subjects with negative thyroid autoimmunity. Higher FT3/FT4 ratio was associated with a mild increased risk of prediabetes (95% CI 1.09; 1.02-1.16). Compared with subjects in the lowest quartile of PTFQI, those in the highest quartile had lower risk of prediabetes (0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Decreased central sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with lower risk of prediabetes. This demonstrates the complex interaction between thyroid system and glucose metabolism. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Zhaohui Lyu,
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Zhaohui Lyu,
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Zhang T, Shi J, Peng Y, Wang S, Mu Q, Fang Q, Gu W, Hong J, Zhang Y, Wang W. Sex-influenced association between free triiodothyronine levels and poor glycemic control in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107701. [PMID: 32888789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the association between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and poor glycemic control with different definitions in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which included 2172 patients from National Metabolic Management Center in Ruijin Hospital. The association between thyroid function and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was determined by multiple liner regression models. The association between FT3 and poor glycemic control was further determined by binary logistic regression models. Two definitions of poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7% and HbA1c ≥ 8%) were applied when we analyzed the association. RESULTS Prevalence of HbA1c ≥ 7% and HbA1c ≥ 8% were 63.8% and 39.3%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, FT3, rather than free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), was independently associated with HbA1c (β = -0.104, P = 0.002). Further analysis after gender stratification showed that the association was only found in males (β = -0.164, P < 0.001). We further analyzed the association between FT3 quartiles and poor glycemic control. FT3 quartiles were not significantly associated with the risk of HbA1c ≥ 7% before and after adjusting for confounding factors in both genders. FT3 quartiles were negatively associated with the risk of HbA1c ≥ 8% only in males, independent of traditional risk factors for poor glycemic control (P for trend = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS FT3 in the reference range was significantly associated with reduced risk of HbA1c ≥ 8% in males, independent of traditional risk factors for poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Fang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Teixeira PDFDS, dos Santos PB, Pazos-Moura CC. The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820917869. [PMID: 32489580 PMCID: PMC7238803 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820917869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction are common in clinical practice. The objectives of this review are to discuss some proposed mechanisms by which thyroid dysfunctions may lead to MetS, to describe the bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and adiposity and finally, to resume a list of recent studies in humans that evaluated possible associations between thyroid hormone status and MetS or its clinical components. Not solely THs, but also its metabolites regulate metabolic rate, influencing adiposity. The mechanisms enrolled are related to its direct effect on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, uncoupling synthesis of ATP, mitochondrial biogenesis, and its inotropic and chronotropic effects. THs also act controlling core body temperature, appetite, and sympathetic activity. In a bidirectional way, thyroid function is affected by adiposity. Leptin is one of the hallmarks, but the pro-inflammatory cytokines and also insulin resistance impact thyroid function and perhaps its structure. MetS development and weight gain have been positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in several studies. Adverse glucose metabolism may be related to hyperthyroidism, but also to reduction of thyroid function or higher serum TSH, as do abnormal serum triglyceride levels. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been related to higher blood pressure (BP), that may be consequence of genomic or nongenomic action of THs on the vasculature and in the heart. In summary, the interaction between THs and components of MetS is complex and not fully understood. More longitudinal studies controlling each of all confounding variables that interact with endpoints or exposure factors are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira
- Endocrine Clinic, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Rocco, 255 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges dos Santos
- Research Fellow, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinologist, Instituto Estadual de Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kim SH, Min HK, Lee SW. Relationship between Thyroid and Kidney Function: Analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Between 2013 and 2015. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:442-454. [PMID: 32369813 DOI: 10.1159/000507290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid function is evaluated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4). Although many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between thyroid hormones and kidney functions, reports about the simultaneous evaluation of TSH and fT4 are rare. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the association between TSH and kidney function, with emphasis on a potential nonlinear relationship, and identify an independent relationship between fT4 and kidney function. METHODS We reviewed the data of 7,061 subjects in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who were randomly subsampled for thyroid function evaluation between 2013 and 2015. A total of 5,578 subjects were included in the final analysis, after excluding people <18 years old, and those with a short fasting time, abnormal fT4 levels, and thyroid disease or related medications. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to define kidney function. RESULTS A 1 mmol/L increase of logarithmic TSH was associated with decreased eGFR (β: -1.8; 95% CI -2.3 to -1.2; p < 0.001), according to multivariate linear regression analysis. On the multivariate generalized additive model plot, TSH demonstrated an L-shaped relationship with eGFR, showing a steeper slope for 0-4 mIU/L of TSH. A 1 µg/dL increase of fT4 was also associated with decreased eGFR (β: -7.0; 95% CI -0.94 to -4.7; p < 0.001) on the multivariate linear regression analysis; this association was reversed after adjusting for age. On the mediation analysis, the indirect effect via age and direct effect per 1 µg/dL increase of fT4 on eGFR was 9.9 (8.1 to 11.7, p < 0.001) and -7.1 (-9.3 to -4.8, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increased TSH was associated with decreased eGFR, particularly in the reference range. The direct effect of increased fT4 was decreased eGFR, which may be affected indirectly by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Kim
- Medical Service Corps of 2nd Armored Brigade, Republic of Korea Army, Paju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Subclinical hypothyroidism and anxiety may contribute to metabolic syndrome in Sichuan of China: a hospital-based population study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2261. [PMID: 32041973 PMCID: PMC7010766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Sichuan of China has not yet been estimated. Meanwhile the association among anxiety, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and MetS was less well-studied. The data was retrieved retrospectively from Health Promotion Center of West China Hospital database between 2014 and 2017. Internal validation by randomizing into training and testing panel by 9:1 and external validation with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) were conducted. 19006 subjects were included into analysis, and 3530 (18.6%) of them were diagnosed with MetS. In training panel, age, sex (male), SCH (presence), SAS score, alcohol (Sometimes & Usual) and smoking (Active) were identified as independent risk factors for MetS, which was confirmed in testing panel internally. NHNES data validated externally the association between free thyroxine (fT4) and MetS components. The C-indices of predicting MetS nomogram were 0.705 (95% CI: 0.696–0.714) and 0.728 (95% CI: 0.701–0.754) in training and testing panel respectively. In conclusion, MetS prevalence was 18.6% in Sichuan. SCH and anxiety may be associated with MetS independently. A risk scale-based nomogram with accurate and objective prediction ability was provided for check-up practice, but more cohort validation was needed.
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Zhang X, Li R, Chen Y, Dai Y, Chen L, Qin L, Cheng X, Lu Y. The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:598836. [PMID: 33363517 PMCID: PMC7755111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.598836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with thyroid hormones (THs), immunity, and inflammation status, but few studies involved thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of THs, thyroid autoantibodies, inflammatory biomarkers in MAFLD, its cofactors, and other possible determinants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, a total of 424 Chinese patients were selected and categorized as non-MAFLD and MAFLD. Serum thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibody and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured. The data of blood pressure, the serum lipid profile, glucose and liver enzymes were collected. The differences and association between research findings were examined and analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, One-Way ANOVA test and Multiple Logistic Regression models. RESULTS The study showed significant increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (P < 0.01) and abnormal high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (P < 0.01). The proportion of MAFLD patients decreased significantly with the rise of free thyroxine (FT4) (P = 0.04), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (P < 0.01), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (P < 0.01), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) levels (P < 0.01). Based on logistic regression analysis, MAFLD was significantly associated with lower levels of TgAb (P < 0.01), TPOAb (P < 0.01), and higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) in male. In female, elevated TgAb (P < 0.01) may be a protective factor, while higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) showed increased risk of MAFLD. Logistic models were adjusted for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, TgAb may be a potential protective factor for MAFLD and elevated hsCRP level should be considered as an independent risk factor for MAFLD in both genders. TPOAb also demonstrated protective effect, but only in male. The prevalence of MAFLD increased with higher TSH levels and lower FT4, TRAb levels, but no significant association were found. However, Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of MAFLD by further investigating the impact of THs, thyroid autoimmunity, and inflammation on MAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuning Dai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lu,
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Molnár I. Interactions among thyroid hormone (FT 4), chemokine (MCP-1) and neurotrophin (NGF-β) levels studied in Hungarian postmenopausal and obese women. Cytokine 2019; 127:154948. [PMID: 31901598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is more frequent in postmenopause and metabolic syndrome characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα), insulin resistance and overweight. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) chemokine and nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) and their effects were studied on thyroid hormone levels in 133 Hungarian women (postmenopausal 66, obese 32, control 35). MCP-1 and NGF-β levels were measured with enzyme-linked, and thyroid hormones with chemiluminescence immunoassays. Subclinical hypothyroidism in postmenopause (7/66 vs 1/32 cases) and the presence of low FT4 levels in obese women were more frequent (6/32 vs 2/66 cases, p < 0.0447). Obese women showed reduced serum FT4 and higher MCP-1 or NGF-β levels compared to those in postmenopausal women [geometric mean (95%CI): 13.6 (10.9-21.69) vs 15.37 (9.06-20.42) pmol/l, p < 0.003 for FT4, and 19.36 (14.27-26.26) vs 17.29 (12.65-23.63) ng/ml, p < 0.0013 for MCP-1 or 18.64 (6.8-51.11) vs 14.01 (8.59-22.83) ng/ml, p < 0.0003 for NGF-β]. Serum FT4 levels inversely associated with MCP-1 (p < 0.0023, r = -0.1971) or estradiol levels (p < 0.0286, r = -0.1913), and positively associated with age (p < 0.0175, r = 0.2058). As opposed to estradiol and NGF-β levels, BMI had no effects on serum FT4 levels in postmenopausal and obese women forming 3 subgroups displaying only MCP-1, both MCP-1 and NGF-β positivities or no positivities at all. In summary, not only proinflammatory cytokines, but also MCP-1 chemokine and NGF-β levels can play a role in reduced serum FT4 levels in postmenopausal and obese women. Particularly, the decreased FT4 levels were connected to both increased MCP-1 and NGF-β levels in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Molnár
- Immunoendocrinology, EndoMed, Bem tér 18/C., Debrecen 4026, Hungary.
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Curtis SW, Terrell ML, Jacobson MH, Cobb DO, Jiang VS, Neblett MF, Gerkowicz SA, Spencer JB, Marder ME, Barr DB, Conneely KN, Smith AK, Marcus M. Thyroid hormone levels associate with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls in adults exposed as children. Environ Health 2019; 18:75. [PMID: 31443693 PMCID: PMC6708149 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Michigan residents were directly exposed to endocrine-disrupting compounds, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting compounds may affect thyroid function, especially in people exposed as children, but there are conflicting observations. In this study, we extend previous work by examining age of exposure's effect on the relationship between PBB exposure and thyroid function in a large group of individuals exposed to PBB. METHODS Linear regression models were used to test the association between serum measures of thyroid function (total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, free T3, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T3: free T4 ratio) and serum PBB and PCB levels in a cross-sectional analysis of 715 participants in the Michigan PBB Registry. RESULTS Higher PBB levels were associated with many thyroid hormones measures, including higher free T3 (p = 0.002), lower free T4 (p = 0.01), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.0001). Higher PCB levels were associated with higher free T4 (p = 0.0002), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.002). Importantly, the association between PBB and thyroid hormones was dependent on age at exposure. Among people exposed before age 16 (N = 446), higher PBB exposure was associated with higher total T3 (p = 0.01) and free T3 (p = 0.0003), lower free T4 (p = 0.04), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.0001). No significant associations were found among participants who were exposed after age 16. No significant associations were found between TSH and PBB or PCB in any of the analyses conducted. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that both PBB and PCB are associated with thyroid function, particularly among those who were exposed as children or prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Curtis
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Metrecia L. Terrell
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Melanie H. Jacobson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dawayland O. Cobb
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Victoria S. Jiang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michael F. Neblett
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Sabrina A. Gerkowicz
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jessica B. Spencer
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Wang D, Yu S, Yin Y, Xie S, Cheng Q, Li H, Cheng X, Qiu L. Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22837. [PMID: 30737844 PMCID: PMC6528587 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iodine, an essential nutrient, is the most important trace element in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintenance of thyroid function. This study investigated the iodine nutrition status in healthy Chinese adults and assessed the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid hormone levels. Methods A cross‐sectional, multicenter study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018, with 1017 adults recruited from five cities in China. All subjects underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and only those with normal results were included in the study. UICs were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and adjusted using urine creatinine levels. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using an automated immunoassay analyzer. Results The median UIC and adjusted UIC were 134.0 µg/L and 114.2 µg/g, respectively. UIC was not significantly different between males and females (P = 0.737). However, the adjusted UIC was significantly different between sexes (P < 0.001). The median UIC was higher than 100 µg/L. According to the World Health Organization criterion (100 µg/L), the total prevalence of iodine deficiency is 33.1% (n = 271). The prevalence rates of iodine deficiency in our study were 33.2% and 32.9% in males and females, respectively, and had no difference between sexes and among cities (P > 0.05). Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased when UIC increased. The Kruskal‐Wallis test showed no significant differences in free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and TSH, with different levels of UIC (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Chinese adults with normal thyroid structure have relatively sufficient iodine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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