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Shah M, Shahab M, Ullah S, Bibi S, Rahman NU, Jamil J, Arafat Y, Al-Harrasi A, Murad W, Shao H. Exploring the aroma profile and biomedical applications of Scutellaria nuristanica Rech. F.: A new insight as a natural remedy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155928. [PMID: 39126924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Scutellaria genus has promising therapeutic capabilities as an aromatherapy. Based on that and local practices of S. nuristanica Rech. F. The essential oil was studied for the first time for its diverse biomedical applications. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate and validate their therapeutic capabilities by screening the essential oil ingredients and examining their antimicrobial, antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase, and antidiabetic using further In silico assessment and In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic capabilities to devise novel sources as natural remedies alternative to the synthetic drugs. METHODS Essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation, and the constituents were profiled using GC-MS. The antimicrobial assessment was conducted using an agar well diffusion assay. Free radical scavenging capabilities were determined by employing DPPH and ABTS assay. The carbonic anhydrase-II was examined using colorimetric assay, while the antidiabetic significance was performed using α-Glucosidase assay. The anti-inflammatory significance was examined through carrageenan-induced paw edema, and the analgesic features of the essential oil were determined using an acetic acid-induced writhing assay. RESULTS Fifty constituents were detected in S. nuristanica essential oil (SNEO), contributing 95.93 % of the total EO, with the predominant constituents being 24-norursa-3,12-diene (10.12 %), 3-oxomanoyl oxide (9.94 %), methyl 7-abieten-18-oate (8.85 %). SNEO presented significance resistance against the Gram-positive bacterial strains (GPBSs), Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis, as compared to the Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gram-negative bacterial strains (GNBSs) as well as two fungal strains Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus niger associated with their respective standards. Considerable free radical scavenging capacity was observed in DPPH compared to the ABTS assay when correlated with ascorbic acid. In addition, when equated with their standards, SNEO offered considerable in vitro carbonic anhydrase II and antidiabetic capabilities. Additionally, the antidiabetic behavior of the 9 dominant compounds of SNEO was tested via In silico techniques, such as molecular docking, which assisted in the assessment of the significance of binding contacts of protein with each chemical compound and pharmacokinetic evaluations to examine the drug-like characteristics. Molecular dynamic simulations at 100 ns and binding free energy evaluations such as PBSA and GBSA models explain the molecular mechanics and stability of molecular complexes. It was also observed that SNEO depicted substantial anti-inflammatory and analgesic capabilities. CONCLUSION Hence, it was concluded that the SNEO comprises bioactive ingredients with biomedical significance, such as anti-microbial, antioxidant, CA-II, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents. The computational validation also depicted that SNEO could be a potent source for the discovery of anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddaser Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23320, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al M0uz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al M0uz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 41000, Pakistan; Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Najeeb Ur Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al M0uz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Johar Jamil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23320, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arafat
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al M0uz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Youssef AMM, Althneibat THA, Maaty DAM, Gaber Y. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Euphorbia paralias (L.): a bioprospecting study with phytoconstituents analysis. J Pharmacopuncture 2024; 27:223-233. [PMID: 39350926 PMCID: PMC11439520 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2024.27.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The phytochemicals in the aerial parts of Euphorbia paralias (also known as Sea Spurge) and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods The methanolic extract was characterized using GC-MS and HPLC techniques. The anti-inflammatory feature was estimated through a Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization technique, while the antimicrobial feature was evaluated by the disc diffusion agar technique, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via micro-broth dilution method. Results The GC/MS results demonstrated the existence of various phytochemicals, such as n-hexadecenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid, and methyl stearate, recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial features. The similarity of the phytochemical composition with other Euphorbia species emphasizes the genus-wide similarity. The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited a noteworthy inhibitory effect comparable to the reference drug indomethacin. The extract's antimicrobial potential was tested against a range of microorganisms, demonstrating significant action against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids further supported the therapeutic potential of the extract. Conclusion The methanolic extract from E. paralias emerges as a successful natural source of important active constituents with potential applications as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. This research provides a first step to valorize Euphorbia paralias insights as a source of worthwhile phytochemicals that have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doaa Ahmed Mohamed Maaty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
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Liu M, Li S. Nitrile biosynthesis in nature: how and why? Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:649-671. [PMID: 38193577 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2023Natural nitriles comprise a small set of secondary metabolites which however show intriguing chemical and functional diversity. Various patterns of nitrile biosynthesis can be seen in animals, plants, and microorganisms with the characteristics of both evolutionary divergence and convergence. These specialized compounds play important roles in nitrogen metabolism, chemical defense against herbivores, predators and pathogens, and inter- and/or intraspecies communications. Here we review the naturally occurring nitrile-forming pathways from a biochemical perspective and discuss the biological and ecological functions conferred by diversified nitrile biosyntheses in different organisms. Elucidation of the mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of nitrile biosynthesis underpins better understandings of nitrile-related biology, chemistry, and ecology and will ultimately benefit the development of desirable nitrile-forming biocatalysts for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Sharif A, Shah NA, Rauf A, Hadayat N, Gul A, Nawaz G, Sakhi S, Iqbal M, Khan MR, Shah AA, Azam N, Iftikhar H, Shah SA, Bahadur S, Hussain F, Shuaib M. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants for various diseases in the remote areas of Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e255916. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aims at reporting the indigenous knowledge of the medicinal flora from the inhabitants of surroundings of the World’s largest artificial planted forest “Changa Manga”, Pakistan. Data were collected by direct interviews and group meetings from 81 inhabitants including 32 local healers having information regarding the use of indigenous medicinal plants over a period of one year. Different statistical tools were applied to analyze the data including Frequency citation (FC), Relative frequency citation (RFC), Use Value, Factor of informants consensus and fidelity level. This study reported 73 plant species belonging to 37 plant families and 46 genera. The majority of plant species belong to compositae family. The most commonly used medicinal plants were P. hysterophorus L., P. dactylifera L., S. indicum L, P. harmala L., P. emblica L., and A. indica A.Juss. The greatest number of species was used to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The highest fidelity level (68.18%) was of E. helioscopia to cure gastrointestinal disorders. Maximum fresh uses (17) were reported by C. dactylon (L.) Pars. While the highest number of species reporting fresh uses in similar number was 13. In this study, five novel plants are being reported for the first time in Pakistan for their ethnomedicinal worth. Our data reflect unique usage of the medicinal plants in the study area. The statistical tools used in the study proved useful in pointing the most important and disease category specific plants. High use value plant and the new reported medicinal plants might prove an important source of the isolation of pharmacologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Rauf
- University of AWAKUM, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Gul
- Hazara University, Pakistan
| | - G. Nawaz
- Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - A. A. Shah
- Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Azam
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - S. A. Shah
- National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
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Gahtori R, Tripathi AH, Chand G, Pande A, Joshi P, Rai RC, Upadhyay SK. Phytochemical Screening of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Plant Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:436-456. [PMID: 37140779 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, alias "Vishnu Parijat," is a medicinal plant used to treat various inflammation-associated ailments and to combat innumerable infections in the traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we collected the samples of N. arbor-tristis from the lower Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India, and carried out their molecular identification through DNA barcoding. To examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, we prepared the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (from flowers and leaves) and performed their phytochemical analysis by using different qualitative and quantitative approaches. The phytoextracts showed marked antioxidant potential, as revealed by a comprehensive set of assays. The ethanolic leaf extract showed marked antioxidant potential towards DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging (IC50 = 30.75 ± 0.006, 30.83 ± 0.002, and 51.23 ± 0.009 μg/mL, respectively). We used TLC-bioautography assay to characterize different antioxidant constituents (based on their Rf values) in the chromatograms ran under different mobile phases. For one of the prominent antioxidant spots in TLC bioautography, GC-MS analysis identified cis-9-hexadecenal and n-hexadecanoic acid as the major constituents. Furthermore, in antibacterial study, the ethanolic leaf extract showed marked activity against Aeromonas salmonicida (113.40 mg/mL of extract was equivalent to 100 μg/mL of kanamycin). In contrast, the ethanolic flower extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (125.85 mg/mL of extract ≡100 μg/mL of kanamycin). This study presents the phylogenetic account and unravels the antioxidant-related properties and antibacterial potential of N. arbor-tristis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Garima Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Amit Pande
- ICAR-Directorate Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India.
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Ismail H, Khalid D, Waseem D, Ijaz MU, Dilshad E, Haq IU, Bhatti MZ, Anwaar S, Ahmed M, Saleem S. Bioassays guided isolation of berberine from Berberis lycium and its neuroprotective role in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease combined with insilico molecular docking. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286349. [PMID: 37910530 PMCID: PMC10619822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berberis lycium is an indigenous plant of Pakistan that is known for its medicinal properties. In the current study, we investigated the anti-Alzheimer's effect of berberine isolated from Berberis lycium. METHODS Root extract of B. lycium was subjected to acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and column chromatography for bioassays guided isolation of a compound. The neuroprotective and memory improving effects of isolated compound were evaluated by aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's disease rat model, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests., Levels of dopamine and serotonin in rats brains were determined using HPLC. Moreover, western blot and docking were performed to determine interaction between berberine and β-secretase. RESULTS During fractionation, ethyl acetate and methanol (3:7) fraction was collected from solvent mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol. This fraction showed the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and was alkaloid positive. The results of TLC and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of the isolated compound as berberine. Additionally, the confirmation of isolated compound as berberine was carried out using FTIR and NMR analysis. In vivo EPM and MWM tests showed improved memory patterns after berberine treatment in Alzheimer's disease model. The levels of dopamine, serotonin and activity of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced in brain tissue homogenates of berberine treated group. This was supported by decreased expression of β-secretase in berberine treated rat brain homogenates and good binding affinity of berberine with β-secretase in docking studies. Binding energies for interaction of β-secretase with berberine and drug Rivastigmine is -7.0 kcal/mol and -5.8 kcal/mol respectively representing the strong interactions. The results of docked complex of secretase with berberine and Rivastigmine was carried out using Gromacs which showed significant stability of complex in terms of RMSD and radius of gyration. Overall, the study presents berberine as a potential drug against Alzheimer's disease by providing evidence of its effects in improving memory, neurotransmitter levels and reducing β-secretase expression in the Alzheimer's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Dania Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Anwaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Saleem
- Department of Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ahmad FM, Zafar A, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Hasan MMU, Abdel-Maksoude MA, Aufy M. Quercus floribunda Lindl. Ex A. Camus; a tremendous remedy against inflammation and associated symptoms. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105628. [PMID: 37517557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Crude extracts prepared from aerial parts and nut galls of Quercus floribunda Lindl. Ex. A. Camus were evaluated for phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. Various solvents including methanol (M), acetone (A), distilled water (DW), distilled water + methanol (DWM) were used for extraction. Highest total phenolic (66.9 ± 0.05 μg GAE/mgE) and flavonoid content (38.4 ± 0.72 μg QE/mgE) were measured in QFAA extract by colorimetric methods. Cumulative maximum concentrations of polyphenols were quantified in QFMG, QFAA, and QFMA extracts i.e. 19.036, 15. 574 and 11.647 μg/mg of extract by RP-HPLC analysis. From aerial parts extracts, apentacyclic tritepenoid, glutinol was isolated using column chromatography techniques and structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. QFDWMA (205.5 ± 0.56 μg AAE/mg of extract) showed highest total reducing power while highest total antioxidant capacity (207.1 ± 0.49 AAE/mg of extract) and free radical scavenging potential (96.1 ± 0.42%) were observed in QFAA extract. QFAA extract showed significant (p ≤ 0.001) analgesic potential in different pain models i.e. hot plate method, cold plate method, Haffner's tail clip method and acetic acid induced writhing assay having 50.20%, 62.07%, 57.26% and 70.49% analgesia respectively at 300 mg/kg. QFAA extract showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity in croton oil induced edema (68.83%) and in carrageenan induced paw edema models (72.32%) at 300 mg/kg concentration. QFAA extract markedly reduced the rectal temperature at 300 mg/kg concentration, in brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model. Detailed investigations can be executed in future to determine the molecular mechanisms of these pharmacological attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilat Mehboob Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aroosa Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheem Ul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoude
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shah M, Khan F, Ullah S, Mohanta TK, Khan A, Zainab R, Rafiq N, Ara H, Alam T, Rehman NU, Al-Harrasi A. GC-MS Profiling and Biomedical Applications of Essential Oil of Euphorbia larica Boiss.: A New Report. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030662. [PMID: 36978910 PMCID: PMC10045896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored Euphorbia larica essential oil (ELEO) constituents for the first time, obtained via hydro-distillation by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling. The essential oil was screened in vitro against breast cancer cells, normal cell lines, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II), free radical scavenging and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The GC-MS screening revealed that the ELEO comprises sixty compounds (95.25%) with the dominant constituents being camphene (16.41%), thunbergol (15.33%), limonene (4.29%), eremophilene (3.77%), and β-eudesmol (3.51%). A promising antidiabetic capacity was noticed with an IC50 of 9.63 ± 0.22 μg/mL by the ELEO as equated to acarbose with an IC50 = 377.71 ± 1.34 μg/mL, while a 162.82 ± 1.24 μg/mL inhibition was observed against CA-II. Regarding breast cancer, the ELEO offered considerable cytotoxic capabilities against the triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines, having an IC50 = 183.8 ± 1.6 μg/mL. Furthermore, the ELEO was also tested with the human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cell line, and the findings also presumed that the ELEO did not produce any damage to the tested normal cell lines. The ELEO was effective against the Gram-positive bacteria and offered a 19.8 ± 0.02 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) against B. atrophaeus. At the same time, the maximum resistance with 18.03 ± 0.01 mm ZOI against the fungal strain Aspergillus parasiticus was observed among the tested fungal strains. An appreciable free radical significance was observed via the DPPH assay with an IC50 = 133.53 ± 0.19 µg/mL as equated to the ABTS assay having an IC50 = 154.93 ± 0.17 µg/mL. The ELEO also offered a substantial analgesic capacity and produced 58.33% inhibition in comparison with aspirin, a 68.47% decrease in writhes, and an anti-inflammatory capability of 65.54% inhibition, as equated to the standard diclofenac sodium having 73.64% inhibition. Hence, it was concluded that the ELEO might be a natural source for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, analgesic, inflammatory, and antimicrobial-related diseases. Moreover, additional phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to isolate responsible chemical ingredients to formulate new drugs for the examined activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddaser Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Rimsha Zainab
- Department of Botany, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hussan Ara
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Alam
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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Batool R, Khan MR, Ijaz MU, Naz I, Batool A, Ali S, Zahra Z, Gul S, Uddin MN, Kazi M, Khan R. Linum corymbulosum Protects Rats against CCl 4-Induced Hepatic Injuries through Modulation of an Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Pro-Inflammatory Intermediates. Molecules 2023; 28:2257. [PMID: 36903503 PMCID: PMC10004795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver disease and effective therapies are limited at present. The present study focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of L. corymbulosum against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. Analysis of Linum corymbulosum methanol extract (LCM) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of rutin, apigenin, catechin, caffeic acid and myricetin. CCl4 administration lowered (p < 0.01) the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as soluble proteins, whereas the concentration of H2O2, nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was higher in hepatic samples. In serum, the level of hepatic markers and total bilirubin was elevated followed by CCl4 administration. The expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), x-box binding protein-1 total (XBP-1 t), x-box binding protein-1 spliced (XBP-1 s), x-box binding protein-1 unspliced (XBP-1 u) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was enhanced in CCl4-administered rats. Similarly, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was strongly increased with CCl4 administration to rats. Co-administration of LCM along with CCl4 to rats lowered (p < 0.05) the expression of the above genes. Histopathology of the liver showed hepatocyte injury, leukocyte infiltration and damaged central lobules in CCl4-treated rats. However, LCM administration to CCl4-intoxicated rats restored the altered parameters towards the levels of control rats. These outcomes indicate the existence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents in the methanol extract of L. corymbulosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Batool
- Directorate of BASR, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Irum Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Batool
- Faculty RMU & Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospital, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Gujrat Institute of Management Sciences, Peer Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Safia Gul
- Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad N. Uddin
- College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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10
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Evaluation of Terminalia macroptera (Combretaceae) Guill. & Perr stem bark extract incorporated into an emulgel for the potential management of rheumatoid arthritis. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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11
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Majid M, Farhan A, Baig MW, Khan MT, Kamal Y, Hassan SSU, Bungau S, Haq IU. Ameliorative Effect of Structurally Divergent Oleanane Triterpenoid, 3-Epifriedelinol from Ipomoea batatas against BPA-Induced Gonadotoxicity by Targeting PARP and NF-κB Signaling in Rats. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010290. [PMID: 36615482 PMCID: PMC9822353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) of plant origin are reputed to restrain prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. This study aims to assess 3-epifriedelinol (EFD) isolated from aerial part of Ipomoea batatas against PCa and its potential mechanism, in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking affirms good binding affinity of the compound with target proteins exhibiting binding energy of −7.9 Kcal/mol with BAX, −8.1 Kcal/mol (BCL-2), −1.9 Kcal/mol (NF-κB) and −8.5 Kcal/mol with P53. In the MTT assay, EFD treatment (3−50 µM) showed a significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) dose and time dependent drop in the proliferative graph of DU145 and PC3, and an upsurge in apoptotic cell population. EFD displayed substantial IC50 against DU145 (32.32 ± 3.72 µM) and PC3 (35.22 ± 3.47 µM). According to Western blots, EFD administration significantly enhanced the cleavage of caspases and PARP, elevated BAX and P53 and decreased BCL-2 and NF-κB expression, thereby triggering apoptosis in PCa cells. When male Sprague Dawley rats were intoxicated with Bisphenol A (BPA), an apparent increase in prostate mass (0.478 ± 0.08 g) in comparison to control (0.385 ± 0.03 g) indicates prostatitis. Multidose treatment of EFD (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced prostate size (0.404 ± 0.05 g). EFD exhibited substantial curative potential in vivo, as hematological, hormonal and histopathological parameters have been significantly improved. Reduced peroxidation (TBARS), and suppression of inflammatory markers i.e., NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, signposts substantial antiinflammatory potential of the compound. Overall, EFD has shown better binding affinity with target molecules, acceptable ADMET profile, potent antiproliferative and apoptotic nature and significant reduction in inflamed prostate mass of rats. The present study demonstrates acceptable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compound with excellent drugable nature, hence EFD in the form of standardized formulation can be developed as primary or adjuvant therapy against PCa and toxins-induced gonadotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anam Farhan
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.); (I.-u.H.)
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12
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Hassan SSU, Abbas SQ, Muhammad I, Wu JJ, Yan SK, Ali F, Majid M, Jin HZ, Bungau S. Metals-triggered compound CDPDP exhibits anti-arthritic behavior by downregulating the inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the oxidative storm in mice models with extensive ADMET, docking and simulation studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053744. [PMID: 36506587 PMCID: PMC9727203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering through abiotic stress, including chemical triggers like heavy metals, is a new technique for drug discovery. In this research, the effect of heavy metal Nickel on actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. SH-1327 to obtain a stress-derived compound was firstly investigated. A new compound cyclo-(D)-Pro-(D)-Phe (CDPDP) was triggered from the actinobacteria strain SH-1327 with the addition of nickel ions 1 mM. The stress compound was further evaluated for its anti-oxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity against rheumatoid arthritis through in-vitro and in-vivo assays in albino mice. A remarkable in-vitro anti-oxidant potential of CDPDP was recorded with the IC50 value of 30.06 ± 5.11 μg/ml in DPPH, IC50 of 18.98 ± 2.91 against NO free radicals, the IC50 value of 27.15 ± 3.12 against scavenging ability and IC50 value of 28.40 ± 3.14 μg/ml for iron chelation capacity. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO and MDA), suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-Iβ) and upregulation of expressions of anti-oxidant enzymes (GSH, catalase, and GST) unveiled its anti-inflammatory potential. CDPDP was analyzed in human chondrocyte cell line CHON-001 and the results demonstrated that CDPDP significantly increased cell survival, and inhibited apoptosis of IL-1β treated chondrocytes and IL-1β induced matrix degrading markers. In addition, to evaluate the mitochondrial fitness of CHON-001 cells, CDPDP significantly upregulated pgc1-α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that CDPDP provides protective effects in CHON-001 cells. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile of the CDPDP showed that CDPDP is safe in cases of hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and cytochrome inhibition. Furthermore, docking results showed good binding of CDPDP with IL-6-17.4 kcal/mol, and the simulation studies proved the stability between ligand and protein. Therefore, the findings of the current study prospect CDPDP as a potent anti-oxidant and a plausible anti-arthritic agent with a strong pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Muhammad
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Kai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Majid, ; Hui-Zi Jin,
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Majid, ; Hui-Zi Jin,
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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13
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Musa M, Jan G, Jan FG, Hamayun M, Irfan M, Rauf A, Alsahammari A, Alharbi M, Suleria HAR, Ali N. Pharmacological activities and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds from Justicia adhatoda L. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922388. [PMID: 36172192 PMCID: PMC9511829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of Justicia adhatoda by evaluating the presence of biologically active compounds using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approach and to undertake biological activities for the effectiveness of the present compounds using standard tests. A total of 21 compounds were identified in the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction in which 14 of the identified compounds are recognized for their pharmacological potential in the literature. In total, four fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and aqueous) were evaluated for pharmacological activities. In carrageenan-induced inflammation, the chloroform fraction exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity (46.51%). Similarly, the analgesic potential of ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective (300 mg/kg) in the acetic acid-induced test. Similarly, in the formalin test, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited maximum inhibition in both early (74.35%) and late phases (88.38). Maximum inhibition of pyrexia (77.98%) was recorded for the ethyl acetate fraction (300 mg/kg). In DPPH assay, the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the highest scavenging potential among other fractions (50 μg/ml resulted in 50.40% and 100 μg/ml resulted in 66.74% scavenging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musa
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Irfan,
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alsahammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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14
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Rakotondrabe TF, Fan M, Guo M. Exploring potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory flavonoids from Euphorbia humifusa with an integrated strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980945. [PMID: 36105200 PMCID: PMC9465062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
E. humifusa Willd, a monoecious annual plant, native to Eastern Asia, has been traditionally attributed to the treatment and prevention of miscellaneous diseases, including diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Earlier studies have supported this species’ pharmacological efficacies including its antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Even so, the underlying bioactive components with their mechanisms of action associated with its antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects remain elusive. The preamble in vitro assessments of the crude extract and its different fractions revealed that the n-butanol fraction (EHNB) exhibited the best activity, which was subsequently subjected to a rapid screening of candidate ligands through bio-affinity ultrafiltration with the two enzyme targets: α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) combined with UPLC/QTOF-MS. As a result, 7 compounds were identified from EHNB, among them, vitexin and astragalin were screened out as the most active ligand compounds. Vitexin showed great specific binding (SB) affinity values of 1.26 toward α-Glu and 1.32 toward COX-2, while astragalin showed 1.32 and 1.36, respectively. The docking simulation results exhibited strong interactions of vitexin and astragalin with the key residues of the enzyme targets, suggesting their possible mechanisms of action. The in vitro antidiabetic validation revealed noticeable half-maximal inhibitory effects (IC50) of 36.38 ± 3.06 µM for vitexin and 42.47 ± 4.13 µM for astragalin, much better than that of the positive drug acarbose (109.54 ± 14.23 µM). Similarly, these two compounds showed the inhibitory activity against COX-2 with the half-maximal inhibitory effects (IC50) at 27.91 ± 1.74 µM and 49.05 ± 1.49 µM, respectively. Therefore, these two flavonoid compounds (vitexin and astragalin) were speculated as potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds from E. humifusa. Taken together, the integrated strategy applied to E. humifusa led to the fast identification of two potential double-acting flavonoids and enlightened its antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory uses. Besides these findings, the integrated strategy in this study could also be used to facilitate the rapid discovery and development of active candidates from other traditional herbal medicines against multi-drug targets and to aid in revealing their mechanisms of action for their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tojofaniry Fabien Rakotondrabe
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Guo,
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15
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Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Alnus nitida. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144582. [PMID: 35889458 PMCID: PMC9320741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of Alnus nitida (leaves and fruits) was evaluated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Traditionally, A. nitida was used for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. However, A. nitida leaves and fruits have not been yet reported regarding any potential medicinal effects. Leaves/fruits of A. nitida were extracted with methanol and fractionated to attain n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. These extracts were then evaluated for in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. For in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, Freunds’ complete adjuvant-induced edema, xylene-induced ear edema and histamine-induced paw edema models were used in rats, which showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction (70−80%) in edema in comparison of inflammatory controls. On other hand, for the analgesic assessment, hot plate assay and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used, which showed a significant (p < 0.01) rise in latency time (40−60%) as compared with pain-induced controls. These results were comparable with standard drugs in a concentration-dependent manner and no mortality or toxicity was observed during all experiments. Then, for the identification of chemical constituents gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed, which indicated the presence of neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, phytol and vitamin E, justifying the use of A. nitida to treat inflammatory disorders.
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16
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Simultaneous Screening and Analysis of Anti-inflammatory and Antiproliferative Compounds from Euphorbia maculata Combining Bio-affinity Ultrafiltration with Multiple Drug Targets. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Scotti C, Barlow JW. Natural Products Containing the Nitrile Functional Group and Their Biological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221099973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of nitriles as a key class of chemicals with applications across the sciences is widely appreciated. The natural world is an underappreciated source of chemically diverse nitriles. With this in mind, this review describes novel nitrile-containing molecules isolated from natural sources from 1998 to 2021, as well as a discussion of the biological activity of these compounds. This study gathers 192 molecules from varied origins across the plant, animal, and microbial worlds. Their biological activity is extremely diverse, with many potential medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Scotti
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Majid M, Farhan A, Asad MI, Khan MR, Hassan SSU, Haq IU, Bungau S. An Extensive Pharmacological Evaluation of New Anti-Cancer Triterpenoid (Nummularic Acid) from Ipomoea batatas through In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082474. [PMID: 35458672 PMCID: PMC9030838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cases in the United States. Plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs), have the ability to inhibit PCa cell proliferation. We isolated and characterized nummularic acid (NA), a potent PT, as a major chemical constituent of Ipomoea batatas, a medicinal food plant used in ethnomedicine for centuries. In the current study, in vitro antiproliferative potential against PCa cells (DU145 and PC3) via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; Western blot protein expression analysis; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME); pharmacokinetic prediction studies; and bisphenol A (BPA)-induced prostate inhibition in Sprague Dawley rats were conducted to gauge the anti-cancer ability of NA. Significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) time- and dose-dependent reductions in proliferation of PCa cells, reduced migration, invasion, and increased apoptotic cell population were recorded after NA treatment (3−50 µM). After 72 h of treatment, NA displayed significant IC50 of 21.18 ± 3.43 µM against DU145 and 24.21 ± 3.38 µM against PC3 cells in comparison to the controls cabazitaxel (9.56 ± 1.45 µM and 12.78 ± 2.67 µM) and doxorubicin (10.98 ± 2.71 µM and 15.97 ± 2.77 µM). Further deep mechanistic studies reveal that NA treatment considerably increased the cleavage of caspases and downstream PARP, upregulated BAX and P53, and downregulated BCL-2 and NF-κB, inducing apoptosis in PCa cells. Pharmacokinetic and ADME characterization indicate that NA has a favorable physicochemical nature, with high gastrointestinal absorption, low blood−brain barrier permeability, no hepatotoxicity, and cytochrome inhibition. BPA-induced perturbations of prostate glands in Sprague Dawley rats show a potential increase (0.478 ± 0.28 g) in prostate weight compared to the control (0.385 ± 0.13 g). Multi-dose treatment with NA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the prostate size (0.409 ± 0.21 g) in comparison to the control. NA-treated groups exhibited substantial restoration of hematological and histological parameters, reinstatement of serum hormones, and suppression of inflammatory markers. This multifaceted analysis suggests that NA, as a novel small molecule with a strong pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile, has the potential to induce apoptosis and death in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Anam Farhan
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54810, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Imran Asad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (I.-u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (I.-u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.S.u.H.); (I.-u.H.); (S.B.)
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Almoshari Y. Medicinal Plants Used for Dermatological Disorders among the People of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103303. [PMID: 35592741 PMCID: PMC9111994 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, skin disorders have received less attention in health management than other life-threatening diseases that occur on a global scale. However, numerous skin problems are reported to primary health care systems worldwide, particularly in tropical locations. While modern physicians often address most skin conditions, it is estimated that over 70% of individuals with skin illnesses do not seek treatment. Traditional medicine dates all the way back to human civilization's inception. Numerous materials are utilized in traditional medicinal remedies, but the use of plants is particularly critical. Saudi Arabia is one of the world's most botanically varied countries, having an extensive folk medicine heritage. While several reviews on the use of plants to cure skin disorders has been published worldwide, very few have been undertaken in Saudi Arabia, much alone a comprehensive one. Thus, the present review identified the most significant and medicinally relevant herbs used in the treatment of various dermatological conditions in Saudi Arabia. A total of 43 plants were identified and described in this study. This investigation omitted publications that lacked detailed data and had only fragmented information regarding the herb's traditional use in topical applications.
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Unprecedented Insights on Chemical and Biological Significance of Euphorbia cactus Growing in Saudi Arabia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050681. [PMID: 35270151 PMCID: PMC8912717 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia cactus Ehrenb ex Boiss. is a plant species reported from central Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula, belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae. The plant has ethnobotanical values and is well-known for its milky latex, which has been turned into medicine to treat various ailments. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no literature reports available on phytochemical constituents and antiproliferative mechanism of E. cactus. In the current study, the phytochemical investigation of E. cactus methanolic extract (ECME) resulted in the isolation and characterization of four secondary metabolites, which are reported for the first time from this plant species. In addition, the results of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assays expressed maximum antioxidant activity by ECME and the isolated phytochemicals. Furthermore, ECME exerted a promising antiproliferative effect against different cancer cell lines, and the A549 lung cancer cells were the most sensitive with an IC50 value of 20 µg/mL. The antiproliferative action of ECME in A549 cells was associated with cell accumulation in the G2/M phase and an increase in early and late apoptosis. In addition, RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that ECME decreased the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) expression, while the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and caspase-3 were increased. This study provides the first insight into the phytochemical constituents and the antiproliferative mechanism of ECME, implying that it could be exploited as a promising natural source for developing new cancer therapies. Further preclinical research is warranted to support the current results.
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Tayyaba Batool Kazmi S, Naz I, Saniya Zahra S, Nasar H, Fatima H, Shuja Farooq A, Ihsan-ul-Haq. Phytochemical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of pharmacological potential of Artemisia brevifolia Wall. ex DC. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:793-814. [PMID: 35812152 PMCID: PMC9257879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitude of diseases and side effects from conventional drugs have surged the use of herbal remedies. Thus, the current study aimed to appraise various pharmacological attributes of Artemisia brevifolia Wall. ex DC. Extracts prepared by successive solvent extraction were subjected to phytochemical and multimode antioxidant assays. Various polyphenolics and artemisinin derivatives were detected and quantified using RP-HPLC analysis. Compounds present in methanol (M) and distilled water (DW) extracts were identified using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Extracts were pharmacologically evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antileishmanial and antidiabetic potentials. Moreover, cytotoxicity against Artemiasalina, human cancer cell lines and isolated lymphocytes was assessed. Genotoxicity was evaluated using comet, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays. Lastly, anti-inflammatory potential was determined through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays using BALB/c mice. Maximum extract recovery (5.95% w/w) was obtained by DW extract. Highest phenolics and flavonoids content, total antioxidant capacity, total reduction potential, percentfree radical scavenging, β-carotene scavenging and iron chelating activities were exhibited by M extract. RP-HPLC analysis revealed significant amounts of various polyphenolic compounds (vanillic acid, syringic acid, emodin and luteolin), artemisinin, dihydro artemisinin, artesunate and artemether in ethyl acetate (EA) extract. Total 40 compounds were detected through HRMS. A noteworthy antimicrobial activity (MIC 22.22 µg/ml) was exhibited by EA extract against A. fumigatus and several bacterial strains. Maximum antimalarial, antileishmanial, brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxic potential against cancer cells was manifested by EA extract. None of the extracts exhibited genotoxicity and toxicity against isolated lymphocytes. Highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacities were demonstrated by DW extract. Various in-vivo anti-inflammatory models revealed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory potential of M and DW extracts. In conclusion, present findings divulged theremarkable pharmacological potential of A. brevifolia and endorse its richness in artemisinin.
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AZAAT A, BABOJİAN G, ISSA N. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. against MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1021449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chigurupati S, Al-Murikhy A, Almahmoud SA, Almoshari Y, Saber Ahmed A, Vijayabalan S, Ghazi Felemban S, Raj Palanimuthu V. Molecular docking of phenolic compounds and screening of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:854-859. [PMID: 35197753 PMCID: PMC8848129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is crucial in diabetic pathophysiology, hence the prerequisite of ingesting naturally derived antioxidants as a remedial target. This study investigates the naturally occurring antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract. Methods Moringa oleifera leaves were macerated (MOLE) by using 70% ethanol. Physiochemical and phytochemical examinations of MOLE was assayed using standard methods. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging assay. In vitro antidiabetic was analyzed by pancreatic α-amylase enzyme inhibitory assay. The molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina v1.1.2 in PyRx 30.8. Results Ethanolic extraction of MOLE by maceration technique, 14 % yield. Loss on drying, foreign organic matters and total ash value of OLE showed 0.27 w/w, 0.8 % and 19 %, respectively. Phytochemical test on MOLE confirmed starch, carbohydrate, flavonoid, gum, glycoside, saponin, tannin, and phenol presences. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MOLE are 260 mg GAE/g and 755 mg RUE/g of extract. MOLE (IC 50 55.6 ± 0.18 µg/mL) showed functional DPPH scavenging assay comparable to ascorbic acid (IC 50 46.71 ± 0.24 µg/mL). In the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, Acarbose showed an IC 50 value of 19.45 ± 0.26 µg/mL, while MOLE portrayed an IC 50 value of 27.54 ± 0.07 µg/mL. Docking studies revealed that most phenolic compounds found within MOLE have minimum docking scores and high binding affinity against Human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Conclusions The invitro and docking results suggest that MOLE has been a viable natural bioactive source and might be a great potential source for future antidiabetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Al-Murikhy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Saber Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasanth Raj Palanimuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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Wang Y, Shen SY, Liu L, Zhang XD, Liu DY, Liu N, Liu BH, Shen L. Jolkinolide B inhibits proliferation or migration and promotes apoptosis of MCF-7 or BT-474 breast cancer cells by downregulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114581. [PMID: 34464697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia kansui S.L. Liou ex S.B.Ho, Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. have good antitumor effects. Jolkinolide B has anti-breast cancer effect, but it is unclear whether it has different therapeutic effects between luminal A subtype and luminal B subtype breast cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the Jolkinolide B has different therapeutic, important targets and pathways effects between luminal A subtype and luminal B subtype breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used bioinformatics to predict the biological process and molecular mechanism of Jolkinolide B in treating two types of breast cancer. Then, in vitro, cultured MCF-7 cells and BT-474 cells were divided into control group, PI3K inhibitor + control group, Jolkinolide B group and PI3K inhibitor + Jolkinolide B group. The CCK-8 assay, Flow cytometric analysis and Transwell cell migration assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in each group, respectively. ELISA was used to measure the content of Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in cell lysis buffer. RESULTS Compared to luminal A breast cancer, Jolkinolide B had more targets, proliferation, migration processes and KEGG pathways when treating luminal B subtype breast cancer. Jolkinolide B significantly prolonged the survival time of luminal B subtype breast cancer patients. Compared to the control group, the cell proliferation absorbance value (A value) and migration number of the two kinds of breast cancer cells in the Jolkinolide B group were decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6), and the number of apoptotic cells was increased (P < 0.01, n = 6). Compared to the Jolkinolide B group, the A value and migration number of the two types of breast cancer cells were significantly decreased in the PI3K inhibitor + Jolkinolide B group (P < 0.01, n = 6), and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01, n = 6). In addition, compared to MCF-7 cells, the A value and migration number of BT-474 cells stimulated with Jolkinolide B were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6), and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01, n = 6). Akt and p-Akt protein levels in the two breast cancer cell lines in the Jolkinolide B group were all decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6), especially in BT-474 cells stimulated by Jolkinolide B. CONCLUSION Jolkinolide B regulates the luminal A and luminal B subtypes of breast cancer through PI3K-Akt, EGFR and other pathways. Jolkinolide B has more significant therapeutic effect on luminal B subtype breast cancer. In vitro, experiments verified that Jolkinolide B significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration activity of BT-474 breast cancer cells by downregulating the PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China; Department of Research Section of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Shi-Yang Shen
- Grade 2019 of Acupuncture and Massage, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Dan-Yang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, PR China
| | - Bing-Hua Liu
- Experimental Teaching of Clinical Skills, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, 161006, PR China.
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Development of an intelligent, stimuli-responsive transdermal system for efficient delivery of Ibuprofen against rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121242. [PMID: 34737113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to fabricate and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pH-responsive Ibuprofen (IB) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded transdermal hydrogel against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The IB loaded Eudragit® L 100 (EL 100) nanoparticles were formulated through a modified nanoprecipitation technique and optimized using central composite design software. The optimized NPs were loaded into Carbopol® 934-based hydrogel by solvent evaporation method and were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. The mean particle size of the prepared NPs was 48 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 90%. The transdermal hydrogel showed a pH-responsive sustained drug release and high penetration through the skin. Moreover, the prepared nanocarrier system exhibited therapeutic efficacy at inflamed joints' sites both in acute and chronic RA mice model. The therapeutic efficacy of the prepared formulation was confirmed through the results of various behavioral, biochemical, and cytokines-based assays. Similarly, the assessment of histopathological and radiological images, as well as the skin irritation studies further strengthens the potential use of the prepared formulation through the transdermal route. The current findings suggested that IB loaded pH-responsive NPs based transdermal hydrogel can be used as an efficient agent to manage RA.
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Baig MW, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Okla MK, Nasir B, Haq IU, Al-Ghamdi J, Al-Qahtani WH, AbdElgawad H. Caralluma tuberculata N.E.Br Manifests Extraction Medium Reliant Disparity in Phytochemical and Pharmacological Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247530. [PMID: 34946613 PMCID: PMC8703747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility of phytoconstituents depends on the polarity of the extraction medium used, which might result in the different pharmacological responses of extracts. In line with this, ethnomedicinally important food plant (i.e., Caralluma tuberculata extracts) have been made in fourteen distinct solvent systems that were then analyzed phytochemically via total phenolic amount estimation, total flavonoid amount estimation, and HPLC detection and quantification of the selected polyphenols. Test extracts were then subjected to a battery of in vitro assays i.e., antioxidants (DDPH scavenging, antioxidant capacity, and reducing power estimation), antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial), cytotoxic (brine shrimps, THP-1 human leukemia cell lines and normal lymphocytes), and protein kinase inhibition assays. Maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were computed in distilled water–acetone and acetone extracts (i.e., 16 ± 1 μg/mg extract and 8 ± 0.4/mg extract, respectively). HPLC-DAD quantified rutin (0.58 µg/mg extract) and gallic acid (0.4 µg/mg extract) in methanol–ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. Water–acetone extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging of 36 ± 1%. Total reducing potential of 76.0 ± 1 μg/mg extract was shown by ethanol chloroform while maximum total antioxidant capacity was depicted by the acetone extract (92.21 ± 0.70 μg/mg extract). Maximal antifungal effect against Mucor sp., antileishmanial, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, THP-1 cell line cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibitory activities were shown by ethyl acetate-methanol (MIC: 50 µg/disc), n-hexane (IC50: 120.8 ± 3.7 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (LD50: 29.94 ± 1.6 µg/mL), distilled water–acetone (IC50: 118 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and methanol–chloroform (ZOI: 19 ± 1 mm) extracts, respectively. Our findings show the dependency of phytochemicals and bioactivities on the polarity of the extraction solvent and our preliminary screening suggests the C. tuberculata extract formulations to be tested and used in different ailments, however, detailed studies remain necessary for corroboration with our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +92-51-90644143
| | - Jihan Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
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Chigurupati S, Alharbi FS, Almahmoud S, Aldubayan M, Almoshari Y, Vijayabalan S, Bhatia S, Chinnam S, Venugopal V. Molecular docking of phenolic compounds and screening of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Olea europaea L. Ethanolic leaves extract. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Chigurupati S, Abdul Rahman Alharbi N, Sharma AK, Alhowail A, Vardharajula VR, Vijayabalan S, Das S, Kauser F, Amin E. Pharmacological and pharmacognostical valuation of Canna indica leaves extract by quantifying safety profile and neuroprotective potential. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5579-5584. [PMID: 34588868 PMCID: PMC8459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study primarily focused on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of Canna indica and further analyzing the leaves extract for toxicological profile and neuroprotective potential. The microscopic, dry powder properties of the leaf material and phytochemical, physicochemical analysis was evaluated for pharmacognostical assessment. Dry leaves of C. indica were extracted using methanol and then further studied for both in vitro and in vivo toxicological study. The acute toxicity was measured by estimating the antioxidant defense system and anatomical impairment in the rat's organs. Also, the neuroprotective activity of the plant extract was assessed using anticholinesterase enzymatic inhibitory assay. The extract was found to be hemocompatible and showed absences of induction of behavioural changes. Likewise, no changes were seen on the anatomical structure of the rat's organs. The methanolic extract portrayed a significant upsurge in the reduced glutathione level and showed a comparable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in a dosedependent manner with an IC50 value of 14.53 μg/mL compared to the standard Donepezil with an IC50 value of 13.31 μg/mL. C. indica has compelling pharmacognostical characteristics, good safety reports, and significant antioxidant as well as the neuroprotective potential that shows great potential for its further in-depth research for pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdul Rahman Alharbi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Ramaiah Vardharajula
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Applied Health Sciences in Alrass, Qassim University, Alrass region 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Malaysia
| | - Suprava Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Fatema Kauser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Buraydah College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Pharmacological insights into Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f. leaf for its antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive potential. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227320. [PMID: 33324970 PMCID: PMC7791546 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f., an ethnomedicinally important plant, used in the tribal areas to treat various ailments including fever, headache, eye inflammation, rheumatism, dysentery, jaundice and urinary diseases. The present study explored the biological efficacy of the aqueous fraction of M. vitifolia leaves (AFMV) through in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The thrombolytic and anti-arthritic effects of AFMV were evaluated by using the clot lysis technique and inhibition of protein denaturation technique, respectively. The anti-nociceptive activity of AFMV was investigated in Swiss Albino mice by acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. The antioxidant activities of AFMV, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and total reducing power, were also tested. The qualitative phytochemical assays exhibited AFMV contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, carbohydrate, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoids and phenols. In addition, AFMV showed strong antioxidant effects with the highest scavenging activity (IC50 146.61 µg/mL) and reducing power was increased with a dose-dependent manner. AFMV also revealed notable clot lysis effect and substantial anti-arthritic activity at higher doses (500 µg/mL) as compared with the control. The results demonstrated a promising reduction of the number of writhing and duration of paw licking in acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. In conclusion, AFMV provides the scientific basis of its folkloric usage, suggesting it as the vital source of dietary supplement.
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Thangjam NM, Taijong J, Kumar A. Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. leaves. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Artemisia vulgaris commonly known as “mugwort” is a very important medicinal plant which is used widely for the treatment of various ailments traditionally. The present studies aimed to conduct preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluate antioxidants and analgesic activities of leaves extract.
Results
Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, glycosides, flavanoids, protein, triterpenoids in leaves extract. In DPPH, percentage inhibition of the scavenging activity (68.06%) by the extract in comparison with ascorbic acid (93.53%) at 60 μg/ml while in reducing power assay, the result shown the reducing power increases with the increase of concentration as (0.13 ± 0.02), (0.27 ± 0.03), (0.42 ± 0.03), (0.62 ± 0.05), (0.79 ± 0.02), (0.95 ± 0.05) at concentration of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 100 μg/ml respectively. The evaluation of analgesic activities revealed that at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract showed significantly inhibited the writhing response induced by acetic acid by 8.60% and 32.03% comparatively with indomethacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg b. wt. exhibited 56.87% inhibition. Whereas, in the tail immersion methods, at the dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt. was showed higher deflexion value as 3.40 ± 0.300, while 200 mg/kg b. wt. was resulted at 2.90 ± 0.200 value in dose dependent manner at the maximum time of the studies (60 min). Comparatively, the reference drug indomethacin at dose 10 mg/kg b. wt. has shown the highest deflexion value (5.134 ± 0.351).
Conclusion
This finding concludes that the methanolic leaves extract has a potent antioxidants and analgesic activities and it could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponin, glycosides and proteins. A further study is required to find out the novel bioactive compound of Artemisia vulgaris L. which can lead more effective in various biological activities.
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Withametelin: a biologically active withanolide in cancer, inflammation, pain and depression. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1526-1537. [PMID: 33424246 PMCID: PMC7783102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Withanolides are natural medicinal agents whose safety and therapeutic profiles make them valuable to mankind. Among multiple withanolides, withametelin is underexplored. The present study was aimed to create a general biological profile of isolated withametelin from Datura innoxia Mill. targeting different biological models. In-silico studies include drug-likeliness, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, molecular targets and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines predictions. In silico directed preliminary in-vitro evaluation comprised of cancer/normal cell cytotoxicity, DPPH and protein kinase inhibition assays while in-vivo bioactivities include antiinflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant and anticoagulant assays. Pharmacological findings were strengthened by molecular docking studies to check interactions with various proteins and to propose the future path of studies. Results indicated compliance with Lipinski drug-likeliness rule (score −0.55). ADMET prediction showed strong plasma protein binding, GI absorption (Caco-2 cells permeability = 46.74 nm/s), blood brain barrier penetration (Cbrain/Cblood = 0.31), efflux by P-glycoprotein, metabolism by CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, medium hERG inhibition and non-carcinogenicity in rodents. Predicted molecular targets included mainly receptors (glucocorticoid, kappa opioid, delta opioid, adrenergic and dopamine), oxidoreductase (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2), enzymes (HMG-CoA reductase) and kinase (NFκb). Withametelin was more cytotoxic to cancer cells (DU145 IC50 7.67 ± 0.54 µM) than normal lymphocytes (IC50 33.55 ± 1.31 µM). It also showed good antioxidant and protein kinase inhibition potentials. Furthermore, withametelin (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced inflammatory paw edema (68.94 ± 5.55%), heat-induced pain (78.94 ± 6.87%) and immobility time (50%) in animals. Molecular docking showed hydrogen bonding interactions (binding energies: −11.3 to −7.8 kcal/mol) with arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase, NFκb and glucocorticoid receptor. Withametelin has potential for advance investigations for its cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antidepressant activities.
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Tareq AM, Farhad S, Neshar Uddin A, Hoque M, Nasrin MS, Uddin MMR, Hasan M, Sultana A, Munira MS, Lyzu C, Moazzem Hossen S, Ali Reza A, Emran TB. Chemical profiles, pharmacological properties, and in silico studies provide new insights on Cycas pectinata. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04061. [PMID: 32529070 PMCID: PMC7283161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical components of Cycas pectinata methanol extract (MECP), along with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, locomotor, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay and the total phenol and total flavonoid contents, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by a protein denaturation assay. The in vivo locomotor effects were examined using the open field test and hole-cross test. The anxiolytic effect was examined using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, hole-board test (HBT), and light-dark test (LDT), while the analgesic activity was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated by castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility. Ten bioactive compounds were selected on the basis of their biological activities and further investigated using in silico molecular docking simulation to correlate with the identified pharmacological properties. Additionally, the ADME properties of the compounds were evaluated according to their drug-likeness profile. MECP had a maximum total phenol content of 209.85 ± 3.40 gallic acid equivalents/g extract and a total flavonoid content of 105.17 ± 3.45 quercetin equivalents/g extract, with an IC50 value of 631.44 μg/mL. MECP (62.5-500 μg/mL) elicited 20.96-38.12% decreased protein denaturation compared to diclofenac sodium (65.40-83.50%), while a 35.72% (P < 0.001) clot lysis activity was observed for the 10 mg/mL concentration. MECP induced a dose-dependent reduction in locomotor activity, with a significant anxiolytic effect. In the analgesic test, MECP (200, 400 mg/kg) showed a 45.12% and 58.82% inhibition in analgesia, and the 400 mg/kg dose elicited a 27.5% inhibition in intestinal motility. These findings suggest that MECP might be effective in treating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological defects, but this requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
- Society for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Chawkbazar, 4203, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saifuddin Farhad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - A.B.M. Neshar Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Muminul Hoque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Samima Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Md. Rokib Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiminul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - Chadni Lyzu
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Moazzem Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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Jang JH, Lee SH, Jung K, Yoo H, Park G. Inhibitory Effects of Myricetin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010032. [PMID: 31935983 PMCID: PMC7016734 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation elicits an immune response by producing proinflammatory modulators and cytokines that cause neurodegeneration. Therefore, a plausible strategy to prevent neurodegeneration is to inhibit neuroinflammation caused by microglial activation. Myricetin, a natural flavanol, induces neuroprotective effects by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, whether myricetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in hippocampus and cortex regions is not known. To test this, we examined the effects of myricetin on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a microglial BV2 cell line. We found that myricetin significantly downregulated several markers of the neuroinflammatory response in LPS-induced activated microglia, including inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory modulators and cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, myricetin suppressed the expression of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, myricetin inhibited LPS-induced macrophages and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. Based on our results, we suggest that myricetin inhibits neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway and the production of proinflammatory modulators and cytokines. Therefore, this could potentially be used for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Neurologic Disorders & Aging Brain Constitution, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea;
| | - Horyong Yoo
- Department of Neurologic Disorders & Aging Brain Constitution, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (G.P.); Tel.: +82-42-470-9490 (H.Y.); +82-61-338-7112 (G.P.)
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (G.P.); Tel.: +82-42-470-9490 (H.Y.); +82-61-338-7112 (G.P.)
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Basu P, Hornung RS, Averitt DL, Maier C. Euphorbia bicolor ( Euphorbiaceae) Latex Extract Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8594375. [PMID: 31612077 PMCID: PMC6757321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8594375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1), a pain generator on sensory neurons, is activated and potentiated by NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased by advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), which activate NADPH oxidase by upregulating Nox4 expression. Our previous studies reported that Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex extract induced peripheral analgesia, partly via TRPV1, in hindpaw-inflamed male and female rats. The present study reports that E. bicolor latex extract also can evoke analgesia via reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of orofacial pain. Male and female rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left vibrissal pad to induce orofacial inflammation, and mechanical allodynia was measured by the von Frey method. Twenty-four hours later, rats received one injection of E. bicolor latex extract or vehicle into the inflamed vibrissal pad. Mechanical sensitivity was reassessed at 1, 6, 24, and/or 72 hours. Trigeminal ganglia and trunk blood were collected at each time point. In the trigeminal ganglia, ROS were quantified using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye, Nox4 protein was quantified by Western blots, and cytokines/chemokines were quantified using a cytokine array. AOPPs were quantified in trunk blood using a spectrophotometric assay. E. bicolor latex extract significantly reduced orofacial mechanical allodynia in male and female rats at 24 and 72 hours, respectively. ROS, Nox4, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were significantly reduced in the trigeminal ganglia, and plasma AOPP was significantly reduced in the trunk blood of extract-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats. In vitro assays indicate that E. bicolor latex extract possessed antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals. Together our data indicate that the phytochemicals in E. bicolor latex may serve as novel therapeutics for treating oxidative stress-induced pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | | | - Dayna L. Averitt
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | - Camelia Maier
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
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Basu P, Tongkhuya SA, Harris TL, Riley AR, Maier C, Granger J, Wojtaszek J, Averitt DL. Euphorbia bicolor ( Euphorbiaceae) Latex Phytochemicals Induce Long-Lasting Non-Opioid Peripheral Analgesia in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31551772 PMCID: PMC6735194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative side effects of opioid-based narcotics underscore the search for alternative non-opioid bioactive compounds that act on the peripheral nervous system to avoid central nervous system-mediated side effects. The transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1) is a peripheral pain generator activated and sensitized by heat, capsaicin, and a variety of endogenous ligands. TRPV1 contributes to peripheral sensitization and hyperalgesia, in part, via triggering the release of proinflammatory peptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), both locally and at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Ultrapotent exogenous TRPV1 agonists, such as resiniferatoxin identified in the latex of the exotic Euphorbia resinifera, trigger hyperalgesia followed by long lasting, peripheral analgesia. The present study reports on the analgesic properties of Euphorbia bicolor, a relative of E. resinifera, native to the Southern United States. The study hypothesized that E. bicolor latex extract induces long-lasting, non-opioid peripheral analgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Both inflamed and non-inflamed adult male and female rats were injected with the methanolic extract of E. bicolor latex into the hindpaw and changes in pain behaviors were reassessed at various time points up to 4 weeks. Primary sensory neuron cultures also were treated with the latex extract or vehicle for 15 min followed by stimulation with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Results showed that E. bicolor latex extract evoked significant pain behaviors in both male and female rats at 20 min post-injection and lasting around 1–2 h. At 6 h post-injection, analgesia was observed in male rats that lasted up to 4 weeks, whereas in females the onset of analgesia was delayed to 72 h post-injection. In sensory neurons, latex extract significantly reduced capsaicin-evoked CGRP release. Blocking TRPV1, but not opioid receptors, attenuated the onset of analgesia and capsaicin-induced CGRP release. Latex was analyzed by mass spectrometry and eleven candidate compounds were identified and reported here. These findings indicate that phytochemicals in the E. bicolor latex induce hyperalgesia followed by peripheral, non-opioid analgesia in both male and female rats, which occurs in part via TRPV1 and may provide novel, non-opioid peripheral analgesics that warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Sirima A Tongkhuya
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Taylor L Harris
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Angela R Riley
- American Institute of Toxicology (AIT) Laboratories, A HealthTrackRx Company, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Camelia Maier
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - John Granger
- American Institute of Toxicology (AIT) Laboratories, A HealthTrackRx Company, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jennie Wojtaszek
- American Institute of Toxicology (AIT) Laboratories, A HealthTrackRx Company, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Dayna L Averitt
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
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Scientific Validation of Ethnomedicinal Use of Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. as Aphrodisiac and Gonadoprotective Agent against Bisphenol A Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8939854. [PMID: 31111071 PMCID: PMC6487138 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8939854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.), known as “Shakarqandi” in Pakistan, is an imperative root vegetable with large size, traditionally used as aphrodisiac, antiprostatic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiotonic, and anticancer agent. Present study was conducted to gauge aphrodisiac potential of Ipomoea batatas ethyl acetate (IPT-EA, IPA-EA) and methanol (IPT-M, IPA-M) extracts from tuber and aerial part, respectively, via behavioral and biochemical tests and their possible protective role in BPA-induced gonadotoxicity at the dose 300 mg/kg in male Sprague Dawley rats. Phytochemical analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively through total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) fingerprinting while antioxidant profiling used multimode in vitro assays. To calculate sexual excitement mount latency, intromission latency, mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculatory latency, and postejaculatory interval were examined while for biochemical ratification semen characteristics, levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol were measured. Gonadoprotective ability was assessed through comet assay and histomorphological examination of testes. Qualitative analysis ensured the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin, saponins, coumarins, terpenoids, and betacyanin. Quantitatively maximal TPC (304.32±7.20 μg GAE/mg dry extract) and TFC (214.77±4.09 μg QE/mg DE) were estimated in IPA-EA extract. IPT-EA yielded maximum rutin (7.3±0.12) and myricetin (2.7±0.14 μg/mg DE) while IPA-EA and IPA-M yielded maximum caffeic acid (4.05±0.22 and 1.92±0.17 μg/mg DE, respectively) in HPLC-DAD analysis. Extracts enhanced sexual excitement, improved semen quality, levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and estradiol, and successfully attenuated toxic effects of BPA. Levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, and GSH) were restored and NO abundance was minimized. Significant stimulation in sexual behavior, amelioration of toxicity symptoms, elevated spermatic production, raised viability, vitalized levels of gonadal hormones, maintained endogenous enzymes, genoprotection, and reformed testicular histology endorsed I. batatas as a better aphrodisiac alternative and gonadoprotective agent.
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Hameed A, Akhtar N, Khan HMS, Asrar M. Skin sebum and skin elasticity: Major influencing factors for facial pores. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1968-1974. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asrar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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Batool R, Khan MR, Sajid M, Ali S, Zahra Z. Estimation of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant potencies of Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. BMC Chem 2019; 13:32. [PMID: 31384780 PMCID: PMC6661765 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants either in raw form or their isolated bioactive constituents are utilized as complementary and alternative medicine in various disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate chief phytochemical constituents of various fractions of Brachychiton populneus leaves and its antioxidative aptitude against free radicals. Methods Various fractions of B. populneus were prepared through solvent–solvent extraction technique based on their polarity and screened for phytochemical classes, total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and total tannin (TTC) content. Antioxidant effects of the extracts were manifested by in vitro multidimensional assays i.e. DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging, iron chelating, nitric oxide scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, phosphomolybdenum and reducing power assay. Results Qualitative screening of various fractions of B. populneus ensured the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Quantitative analysis revealed that aqueous fraction (BPA) showed maximum quantity of TPC and TFC followed by BPE and BPB. In terms of IC50 values BPA exhibited minimum values in all the in vitro antioxidant assays. However, the phytochemicals and yield did not accumulate in various fractions on polarity. Conclusion Our results indicated the presence of various polyphenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids etc. The yield of various fractions and qualitative phytochemical analysis did not correlate with polarity of solvents. Various antioxidant assays exhibited significant (p < 0.05) correlation with TPC and TFC and renders B. populneus with therapeutic potential against free-radical-associated oxidative damages and this effect was significant with BPA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0549-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ijaz S, Shoaib Khan HM, Anwar Z, Talbot B, Walsh JJ. HPLC profiling of Mimosa pudica polyphenols and their non-invasive biophysical investigations for anti-dermatoheliotic and skin reinstating potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:865-875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Maryam S, Khan MR, Shah SA, Zahra Z, Majid M, Sajid M, Ali S. In vitro antioxidant efficacy and the therapeutic potential of Wendlandia heynei (Schult.) Santapau & Merchant against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1173-1190. [PMID: 30510687 PMCID: PMC6220732 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to access the antioxidant and ameliorative efficacy of Wendlandia heynei stem bark's crude methanol extract (WHBM) against bisphenol A (BPA)-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat moel. WHBM and its derived fractions exhibited promising activity for the scavenging of DPPH, hydroxyl and nitrite radicals, iron chelation, and for the inhibition of β-carotene oxidation. The administration of BPA to Sprague Dawley rats (25 mg kg-1) for 28 days resulted in an elevated (p < 0.01) level of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and globulin, and at the same time a decrease (p < 0.01) in the level of total protein and albumin in the serum of the rats. In hepatic samples, the levels of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione were decreased (p < 0.05), whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and the nitrite content were increased (p < 0.05) with BPA treatment to the rats. The administration of WHBM to BPA-intoxicated rats restored the altered levels of these parameters toward the control animals. Histopathological alterations of the hepatic tissues induced with BPA were restored with WHBM co-treatment to the rats. HPLC-DAD analysis ensured the occurrence of rutin, catechin, and caffeic acid in WHBM and WHBE. The results of this study suggested that the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in W. heynei bark might be responsible for it exhibiting antioxidant potential during the in vitro and in vivo studies and hence it has potential to be used as a therapeutic agent against oxidative stress associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maryam
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; ; ;
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; ; ;
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan .
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; ; ;
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan .
| | - Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; ; ;
| | - Saima Ali
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; ; ;
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Athmouni K, El Feki A, Ayadi H. Hepatotoxic effects of Euphol-rich fractions from Euphorbia bivonae-Relevance to cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:69-76. [PMID: 30401578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
These studies were designed to evaluate the preliminary oral toxicity profile of the crude ethanolic aerial part extract of E. bivonae in the Male albino Wistar rats and its active chemical constituents. The 24-h LD50 was determined using probit analysis method. The single dose LD50was found to be 2568.64 mg/kg bw when administrated orally in mice. Additionally, the Wistar rats were used to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of E. bivonae ethanolic extract. The serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in liver and histopathological analysis were investigated in normal and treated groups. Subchronic toxicity studies in rats with oral doses of 50, 150, 350 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels. In addition, the administration of this extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and an increment in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. Finally, we suggest that the three compounds of E. bivonae extract (sitosterol, euphol and lupeol) are the mainly responsible of this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Athmouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. ameliorate carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and inflammatory mediators in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1601-1610. [PMID: 30257378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study hepatoprotective aptitude of Brachychiton populneus against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) instigated liver injuries in rats was investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD) analysis of methanol extract of B. populneus (BPM) indicated existence of rutin, catechin and myricetin. Administration of CCl4 to rat decreased (p < 0.01) the level of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), soluble protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) whereas elevated the concentration of H2O2, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in hepatic samples. In serum the level of hepatic markers; aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin increased with CCl4 treatment against control animals. In hepatic samples the expression level of endoplasmic reticulum stress associated genes like glucose regulated protein (GRP78), x-box binding protein- 1 total (XBP-1 t), x-box binding protein- 1 spliced (XBP-1 s), x-box binding protein- 1 unspliced (XBP-1 u), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was elevated many fold with CCl4 administration to rat. Co-administration of BPM along with CCl4 to rats decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of above genes except GCLC where expression level was enhanced as compared to CCl4 treatment. Histopathology of liver showed injuries of hepatocytes, infiltration of leukocytes and damaged central lobule in CCl4 treated rats. However, BPM administration to CCl4 intoxicated rats restored the altered parameters towards the control rats. These results suggested the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents in methanol extract of B. populneus.
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Protective aptitude of Periploca hydaspidis Falc against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1117-1132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Majid M, Nasir B, Zahra SS, Khan MR, Mirza B, Haq IU. Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. ameliorates acute and chronic inflammations by suppressing inflammatory mediators, a comprehensive exploration using in vitro and in vivo models. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:216. [PMID: 30005651 PMCID: PMC6045844 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. is a functional food and belongs to family Convolvulaceae. It is used as an antiinflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiasthmatic, anticonvalescent, antitumor, antanemic and antidiabetic agent by local communities. This study has been planned to evaluate its antiinflammatory and antiarthritic potentials. METHODS Dry powder of I. batatas tuber and roots were extracted with ethyl acetate (IPT-EA, IPR-EA) and methanol (IPT-M, IPR-M), respectively. These extracts were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), HPLC finger printing, multidimensional in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and albumin denaturation inhibition. Carrageenan-induced paw edema, croton oil-induced ear and anal edema inhibition and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced antiarthritic assays were executed at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight on Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum levels of interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed to measure the inhibition of inflammation. RESULTS Maximal TPC (319.81 ± 14.20 μg GAE/mg dry extract) and TFC (208.77 ± 9.09 μg QE/mg DE) were estimated in IPR-EA extract. IPT-EA and IPR-EA yielded the maximum amounts of rutin (7.3 ± 1.12 and 4.5 ± 0.55), caffeic acid (1.60 ± 0.25 and 2.17 ± 0.26) and myricetin (2.7 ± 0.14 and 1.01 ± 0.08 μg/mg DE), respectively in HPLC-DAD analysis. All extracts showed dose dependent response in in vitro antioxidant assays. Best inhibition (76.92 ± 3.07%) of albumin denaturation was shown by IPT-EA in comparison to ibuprofen (79.48 ± 4.71%). IPR-EA exhibited highest edema inhibition in models of carrageenan-induced paw edema (79.11 ± 5.47%) and croton oil-induced ear and anal edema (72.01 ± 7.80% and 70.80 ± 4.94%, respectively). Significant inhibition of CFA-induced arthritic edema and arthritic score were observed by IPR-EA as compared to ibuprofen. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and NO levels was shown by IPR-EA and IPT-EA, respectively. CONCLUSION These results depict that richness of polyphenols and phytoconstituents in I. batatas ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation of acute and chronic nature. Dose dependent antioxidant potential and inhibition of inflammatory edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and hematological, biochemical and histological changes prove I. batatas therapeutic potential as an antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agent.
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Xu CC, Wang B, Pu YQ, Tao JS, Zhang T. Advances in extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds from plant materials. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:721-731. [PMID: 29103457 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, have received more and more attention in recent years because of their distinct bioactivities. This review summarizes different types of phenolic compounds and their extraction and analytical methods used in the recent reports, involving 59 phenolic compounds from 52 kinds of plants. The extraction methods include solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and other methods. The analysis methods include spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and near-infrared spectroscopy. After illustrating the specific conditions of the analytical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized, pointing out their respective suitability. This review provides valuable reference for identification and/or quantification of phenolic compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Xu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Younis W, Schini-Kerth VB, Junior AG, Majid M. Cardioprotective effect of Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. on blood pressure and metabolic alterations in glucose-induced metabolic syndrome rats-An ethnopharmacological approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:168-178. [PMID: 29225118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Younis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - V B Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam, University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Comparative chemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Solanum nigrum (L.) berries. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2018; 68:47-60. [PMID: 29453917 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, berries of two different species of Solanaceae family, Withania somnifera (WS) and Solanum nigrum (SN), were extracted in methanol and then fractionated with solvents, ranging from non-polar to polar, for their phytochemical profiling and investigation of antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity. The methanolic extract and n-hexane, ethyl acetate (WSEA, SNEA) and aqueous fractions were chemically analyzed and evaluated for biological activity. Total flavonoids and total phenolics were quantified in WSEA (96.91 ± 1.56 μg QE mg-1 sample and 178.45 ± 2.78 μg GAE mg-1 s ample, r esp.) and S NEA (89.58 ± 0.98 μg QE mg-1 sample and 120.15 ± 2.33 μg GAE mg-1 sample, resp.). HPLC-DAD analysis of ethyl acetate fractions of WS and SN measured 13.74 and 5.34 μg GAE mg-1 dry fraction and 3.72 and 3.41 μg QE mg-1 dry fraction, resp. WSEA and SNEA fractions showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and iron reducing power activity. The highest inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme was also exhibited by WSEA and SNEA (59.6 and 58.7 %) resp. This investigation justifies the medicinal value of W. somnifera and S. nigrum berry extracts as potential and readily available sources of natural antioxidants. Marked tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity and antioxidant activity of both plant extracts might be due to polyphenols and flavonoids.
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Sun L, Xu P, Fu T, Huang X, Song J, Chen M, Tian X, Yin H, Han J. Myricetin against ischemic cerebral injury in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3274-3280. [PMID: 29257250 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of myricetin on reducing cerebral ischemia injury in a rat model. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was used in the present study. Rats were randomized into the following five groups: Sham, model, low‑myricetin (1 mg/kg), medium‑myricetin (5 mg/kg) and high‑myricetin (25 mg/kg) groups. Neurological deficit scores were evaluated by an examiner blinded to the experimental groups. Brain infarct size was estimated macroscopically using 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑1β, and oxidative stress index superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA), and the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio were measured by ELISA. The degree of brain cell apoptosis was determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‑end labeling assay. Protein expression levels of total or phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB/p65 and protein kinase B (AKT) were determined using a western blotting assay. The neurological deficit score and infarct area induced by pMCAO decreased in a dose‑dependent manner following myricetin treatment. Furthermore, myricetin reduced the expression levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6, TNF‑α, and MDA, and increased GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity. A significant decrease in cell apoptosis was observed in response to myricetin. In addition, myricetin significantly increased the level of phosphorylated AKT protein, and decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the level of NF‑κB/p65. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that myricetin exhibits a therapeutic effect by reducing ischemic cerebral injury, and the protective effect of myricetin may be associated with the p38 MAPK, NF‑κB/p65 and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin Yi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin Yi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Tinggang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin Yi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin Yi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lin Yi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan Branch, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xinghan Tian
- Department of Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan Branch, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Ali S, Khan MR, Sajid M. Protective potential of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1853-1867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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