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Palko-Łabuz A, Wesołowska O, Błaszczyk M, Uryga A, Sobieszczańska B, Skonieczna M, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T, Środa-Pomianek K. Methoxychalcones as potential anticancer agents for colon cancer: Is membrane perturbing potency relevant? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130581. [PMID: 38336309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chalcones are naturally produced by many plants, and constitute precursors for the synthesis of flavons and flavanons. They were shown to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and anti- inflammatory properties. The goal of the study was to assess the suitability of three synthetic methoxychalcones as potential anticancer agents. In a panel of colon cancer cell lines they were demonstrated to be cytotoxic, proapoptotic, causing cell cycle arrest, and increasing intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Anticancer activity of the compounds was not diminished in the presence of stool extract containing microbial enzymes that could change the structure of chalcones. Moreover, methoxychalcones interacted strongly with model phosphatidylcholine membranes as detected by differential scanning calorimetry. Metohoxychalcones particularly affected the properties of lipid domains in giant unilamellar liposomes formed from raft-mimicking lipid composition. This may be of importance since many molecular targets for therapy of metastatic colon cancer are raft-associated receptors (e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases). The importance of membrane perturbing potency of methoxychalcones for their biological activity was additionally corroborated by the results obtained by molecular modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Wesołowska
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Błaszczyk
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Uryga
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wei Q, Zhang YH. Flavonoids with Anti-Angiogenesis Function in Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1570. [PMID: 38611849 PMCID: PMC11013936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, significantly impacts the development of multiple types of cancer. Consequently, researchers have focused on targeting this process to prevent and treat numerous disorders. However, most existing anti-angiogenic treatments rely on synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, often expensive or toxic, restricting patient access to these therapies. Hence, the pursuit of discovering new, affordable, less toxic, and efficient anti-angiogenic compounds is imperative. Numerous studies propose that natural plant-derived products exhibit these sought-after characteristics. The objective of this review is to delve into the anti-angiogenic properties exhibited by naturally derived flavonoids from plants, along with their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Additionally, we summarize the structure, classification, and the relationship between flavonoids with their signaling pathways in plants as anti-angiogenic agents, including main HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JNK1/STAT3, and MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Nonetheless, further research and innovative approaches are required to enhance their bioavailability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- School of Medicine, Anhui Xinhua University, 555 Wangjiang West Road, Hefei 230088, China;
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Wang R, Li R, Yang H, Chen X, Wu L, Zheng X, Jin Y. Flavokawain C inhibits proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells through FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:117. [PMID: 38460052 PMCID: PMC10924746 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the potential applicability and the underlying mechanisms of flavokawain C, a natural compound derived from kava extracts, in liver cancer treatment. METHODS Drug distribution experiment used to demonstrate the preferential tissues enrichment of flavokawain C. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration effect of flavokawain C were determined by MTT, colony formation, EdU staining, cell adhesion, transwell, flow cytometry and western blot assay. The mechanism was explored by comet assay, immunofluorescence assay, RNA-seq-based Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, molecular dynamics, bioinformatics analysis and western blot assay. The anticancer effect of flavokawain C was further confirmed by xenograft tumor model. RESULTS The studies first demonstrated the preferential enrichment of flavokawain C within liver tissues in vivo. The findings demonstrated that flavokawain C significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells, induced cellular apoptosis, and triggered intense DNA damage along with strong DNA damage response. The findings from RNA-seq-based KEGG analysis, molecular dynamics, bioinformatics analysis, and western blot assay mechanistically indicated that treatment with flavokawain C notably suppressed the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in liver cancer cells. This effect was attributed to the induction of gene changes and the binding of flavokawain C to the ATP sites of FAK and PI3K, resulting in the inhibition of their phosphorylation. Additionally, flavokawain C also displayed the strong capacity to inhibit Huh-7-derived xenograft tumor growth in mice with minimal adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings identified that flavokawain C is a promising anticancer agent for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- National Key Clinical Specialty (General Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rizhao Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huibing Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- National Key Clinical Specialty (General Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | | | | | - Yuepeng Jin
- National Key Clinical Specialty (General Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Mendez-Callejas G, Piñeros-Avila M, Celis CA, Torrenegra R, Espinosa-Benitez A, Pestana-Nobles R, Yosa-Reyes J. Natural 2',4-Dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxy Chalcone Isolated from Chromolaena tacotana Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Autophagy and Mitochondrial Apoptosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:570. [PMID: 38475417 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women. Effective treatment requires precise tailoring to the genetic makeup of the cancer for improved efficacy. Numerous research studies have concentrated on natural compounds and their anti-breast cancer properties to improve the existing treatment options. Chromolaena tacotana (Klatt) R.M. King and H. Rob (Ch. tacotana) is a notable source of bioactive hydroxy-methylated flavonoids. However, the specific anti-BC mechanisms of these flavonoids, particularly those present in the plant's inflorescences, remain partly undefined. This study focuses on assessing a chalcone derivative extracted from Ch. tacotana inflorescences for its potential to concurrently activate regulated autophagy and intrinsic apoptosis in luminal A and triple-negative BC cells. We determined the chemical composition of the chalcone using ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its selective cytotoxicity against BC cell lines was assessed using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were employed to examine the modulation of proteins governing autophagy and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Additionally, in silico simulations were conducted to predict interactions between chalcone and various anti-apoptotic proteins, including the mTOR protein. Chalcone was identified as 2',4-dihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxy-chalcone (DDC). This compound demonstrated a selective inhibition of BC cell proliferation and triggered autophagy and intrinsic apoptosis. It induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and altered mitochondrial outer membrane potential (∆ψm). The study detected the activation of autophagic LC3-II and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins in both BC cell lines. The regulation of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 proteins varied according to the BC subtype, yet they showed promising molecular interactions with DDC. Among the examined pro-survival proteins, mTOR and Mcl-1 exhibited the most favorable binding energies and were downregulated in BC cell lines. Further research is needed to fully understand the molecular dynamics involved in the activation and interaction of autophagy and apoptosis pathways in cancer cells in response to potential anticancer agents, like the hydroxy-methylated flavonoids from Ch. tacotana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mendez-Callejas
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada (GIBGA), Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222 #55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Marco Piñeros-Avila
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada (GIBGA), Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222 #55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Crispin A Celis
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitoquímica (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 #40-62, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Ruben Torrenegra
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales de la U.D.C.A. (PRONAUDCA), Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222 #55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Anderson Espinosa-Benitez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada (GIBGA), Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222 #55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Roberto Pestana-Nobles
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales Aplicadas, Laboratorio de Simulación Molecular y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Carrera 59 #59-65, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Juvenal Yosa-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales Aplicadas, Laboratorio de Simulación Molecular y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Carrera 59 #59-65, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Kumar M, Gupta S, Kalia K, Kumar D. Role of Phytoconstituents in Cancer Treatment: A Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:115-137. [PMID: 38369892 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x274566231220051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, natural compounds have become a significant advancement in cancer treatment, primarily due to their effectiveness, safety, bio-functionality, and wide range of molecular structures. They are now increasingly preferred in drug discovery due to these attributes. These compounds, whether occurring naturally or with synthetic modifications, find applications in various fields like biology, medicine, and engineering. While chemotherapy has been a successful method for treating cancer, it comes with systemic toxicity. To address this issue, researchers and medical practitioners are exploring the concept of combinational chemotherapy. This approach aims to reduce toxicity by using a mix of natural substances and their derivatives in clinical trials and prescription medications. Among the most extensively studied natural anticancer compounds are quercetin, curcumin, vincristine, and vinblastine. These compounds play crucial roles as immunotherapeutics and chemosensitizers, both as standalone treatments and in combination therapies with specific mechanisms. This review article provides a concise overview of the functions, potentials, and combinations of natural anticancer compounds in cancer treatment, along with their mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, IEC College of Eng & Tech. Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
| | | | | | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, IEC College of Eng & Tech. Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
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Mendez-Callejas G, Piñeros-Avila M, Yosa-Reyes J, Pestana-Nobles R, Torrenegra R, Camargo-Ubate MF, Bello-Castro AE, Celis CA. A Novel Tri-Hydroxy-Methylated Chalcone Isolated from Chromolaena tacotana with Anti-Cancer Potential Targeting Pro-Survival Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15185. [PMID: 37894866 PMCID: PMC10607159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromolaena tacotana (Klatt) R. M. King and H. Rob (Ch. tacotana) contains bioactive flavonoids that may have antioxidant and/or anti-cancer properties. This study investigated the potential anti-cancer properties of a newly identified chalcone isolated from the inflorescences of the plant Chromolaena tacotana (Klatt) R. M. King and H. Rob (Ch. tacotana). The chalcone structure was determined using HPLC/MS (QTOF), UV, and NMR spectroscopy. The compound cytotoxicity and selectivity were evaluated on prostate, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and autophagy induction were assessed through flow cytometry by detecting annexin V/7-AAD, active Casp3/7, and LC3B proteins. These results were supported by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial effects on membrane potential, as well as levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were analyzed using flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, and Western blot analysis specifically on a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. Furthermore, molecular docking (MD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to evaluate the interaction between the compounds and pro-survival proteins. The compound identified as 2',3,4-trihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxy chalcone inhibited the cancer cell line proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy. MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line, exhibited the highest sensitivity to the compound with good selectivity. This activity was associated with the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins, and reduction of anti-apoptotic proteins, thereby triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The chalcone consistently interacted with anti-apoptotic proteins, particularly the Bcl-2 protein, throughout the simulation period. However, there was a noticeable conformational shift observed with the negative autophagy regulator mTOR protein. Future studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer potential of the new chalcone and other flavonoids from Ch. tacotana, particularly against predominant cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Mendez-Callejas
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada (GIBGA), Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Marco Piñeros-Avila
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada (GIBGA), Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Juvenal Yosa-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Simulación Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Carrera 59 # 59-65, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (J.Y.-R.)
| | - Roberto Pestana-Nobles
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Simulación Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Carrera 59 # 59-65, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia; (J.Y.-R.)
| | - Ruben Torrenegra
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales de la U.D.C.A. (PRONAUDCA), Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - María F. Camargo-Ubate
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales de la U.D.C.A. (PRONAUDCA), Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Andrea E. Bello-Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales de la U.D.C.A. (PRONAUDCA), Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Crispin A. Celis
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitoquímica (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 # 40-62, Bogotá 1115511, Colombia
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Freeman B, Mamallapalli J, Bian T, Ballas K, Lynch A, Scala A, Huo Z, Fredenburg KM, Bruijnzeel AW, Baglole CJ, Lu J, Salloum RG, Malaty J, Xing C. Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119539. [PMID: 37298489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited success in clinical treatment. Prevention therefore is critical to help improve lung cancer management. Although tobacco control and tobacco cessation are effective strategies for lung cancer prevention, the numbers of current and former smokers in the USA and globally are not expected to decrease significantly in the near future. Chemoprevention and interception are needed to help high-risk individuals reduce their lung cancer risk or delay lung cancer development. This article will review the epidemiological data, pre-clinical animal data, and limited clinical data that support the potential of kava in reducing human lung cancer risk via its holistic polypharmacological effects. To facilitate its future clinical translation, advanced knowledge is needed with respect to its mechanisms of action and the development of mechanism-based non-invasive biomarkers in addition to safety and efficacy in more clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Freeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jessica Mamallapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kayleigh Ballas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allison Lynch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Scala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristianna M Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, PennState Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John Malaty
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Flavokawain B Weakens Gastric Cancer Progression via the TGF-β1/SMAD4 Pathway and Attenuates M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4903333. [PMID: 35879950 PMCID: PMC9308533 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4903333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to observe the treatment effects of flavokawain B (FKB) on gastric cancer both in SGC-7901 cells and nude mice. When SGC-7901 cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL FKB, cellular proliferative and apoptotic capacities and cell cycle were detected utilizing CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The results showed that FKB treatment induced cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest and suppressed cell proliferation for SGC-7901 cells. Western blot results showed that FKB upregulated proapoptotic proteins as well as downregulated antiapoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins in SGC-7901 cells. SMAD4, TGF-β1, and TSPAN12 proteins were tested in FKB-induced SGC-7901 cells. Following exposure to FKB, SMAD4, TGF-β1, and TSPAN12 expression was augmented in SGC-7901 cells. si-SMAD4 transfection weakened cell apoptosis and accelerated cell proliferation. Furthermore, FKB reversed the change in apoptotic and cell cycle-related proteins induced by si-SMAD4. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was constructed, which was treated by FKB. In the nude mouse tumorigenesis model, FKB activated the TSPAN12 expression and TGF-β1/SMAD4 pathway. Also, FKB treatment prolonged the survival time of nude mice and lowered tumor weight. iNOS and CD86 expression was significantly enhanced, and Arg-1 and CD206 expression was significantly decreased in THP-1 cells cultured in conditioned media from FKB-treated SGC-7901 cells. Additionally, FKB-treated SGC-7901 cells weakened macrophage migration. Collectively, this evidence suggested that FKB accelerated apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and attenuated M2 macrophage polarization, thereby exerting an anticancer effect on gastric cancer.
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An Updated Review on the Psychoactive, Toxic and Anticancer Properties of Kava. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144039. [PMID: 35887801 PMCID: PMC9315573 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kava (Piper methysticum) has been widely consumed for many years in the South Pacific Islands and displays psychoactive properties, especially soothing and calming effects. This plant has been used in Western countries as a natural anxiolytic in recent decades. Kava has also been used to treat symptoms associated with depression, menopause, insomnia, and convulsions, among others. Along with its putative beneficial health effects, kava has been associated with liver injury and other toxic effects, including skin toxicity in heavy consumers, possibly related to its metabolic profile or interference in the metabolism of other xenobiotics. Kava extracts and kavalactones generally displayed negative results in genetic toxicology assays although there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals, most likely through a non-genotoxic mode of action. Nevertheless, the chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive potential of kava against cancer has also been suggested. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have evaluated the effects of flavokavains, kavalactones and/or kava extracts in different cancer models, showing the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and other antiproliferative effects in several types of cancer, including breast, prostate, bladder, and lung. Overall, in this scoping review, several aspects of kava efficacy and safety are discussed and some pertinent issues related to kava consumption are identified.
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de Souza PS, Bibá GCC, Melo EDDN, Muzitano MF. Chalcones against the hallmarks of cancer: a mini-review. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4809-4826. [PMID: 34865580 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones (1,3-diphenylpropen-1-ones) are a class of flavonoids that have been shown a broad spectrum of biological activities with therapeutic potential. Naturally occurring chalcones or synthetic chalcone derivatives have been extensively investigated as anticancer compounds. Cancer is still among the leading causes of death globally, although cancer treatments have improved over the past decades. Most of chemotherapeutic drugs target proliferating tumor cells; however, the cancer cells capabilities are also associated to tumor surround microenvironment. Thereby, the search of new compounds with a broad antitumor activity is still a great challenge. The cytotoxicity mechanisms of chalcones are beyond apoptosis induction in tumor cells, which make them promising compound for cancer therapy. In this mini-review we summarized recent studies that describe the anticancer potential of chalcones related to some of hallmarks of cancer. We shed a light on sustaining proliferative signaling, tumor-promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis and resisting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geysa Cristina Caldas Bibá
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelynn Dalila do Nascimento Melo
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Biological Activity, Hepatotoxicity, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Kavalactones and Flavokavins, the Two Main Bioactive Components in Kava ( Piper methysticum). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6851798. [PMID: 34471418 PMCID: PMC8405297 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6851798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) is a popular and favorable edible medicinal herb which was traditionally used to prepare a nonfermented beverage with relaxant beneficial for both social and recreational purposes. Numerous studies conducted on kava have confirmed the presence of kavalactones and flavokawains, two major groups of bioactive ingredients, in this miraculous natural plant. Expectedly, both kavalactone and flavokawain components exhibited potent antianxiety and anticancer activities, and their structure-activity relationships were also revealed. However, dozens of clinical data revealed the hepatotoxicity effect which is indirectly or directly associated with kava consumption, and most of the evidence currently seems to point the compounds of flavokawains in kava were responsible. Therefore, our aim is to conduct a systematic review of kavalactones and flavokawains in kava including their biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and toxicities, and as a result of our systematic investigations, suggestions on kava and its compounds are supplied for future research.
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Jasim HA, Nahar L, Jasim MA, Moore SA, Ritchie KJ, Sarker SD. Chalcones: Synthetic Chemistry Follows Where Nature Leads. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1203. [PMID: 34439870 PMCID: PMC8392591 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones belong to the flavonoid class of phenolic compounds. They form one of the largest groups of bioactive natural products. The potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties of naturally occurring chalcones, and their unique chemical structural features inspired the synthesis of numerous chalcone derivatives. In fact, structural features of chalcones are easy to construct from simple aromatic compounds, and it is convenient to perform structural modifications to generate functionalized chalcone derivatives. Many of these synthetic analogs were shown to possess similar bioactivities as their natural counterparts, but often with an enhanced potency and reduced toxicity. This review article aims to demonstrate how bioinspired synthesis of chalcone derivatives can potentially introduce a new chemical space for exploitation for new drug discovery, justifying the title of this article. However, the focus remains on critical appraisal of synthesized chalcones and their derivatives for their bioactivities, linking to their interactions at the biomolecular level where appropriate, and revealing their possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba A. Jasim
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar 10081, Iraq
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad A. Jasim
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar 10081, Iraq;
| | - Sharon A. Moore
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Kenneth J. Ritchie
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
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Peppers: A "Hot" Natural Source for Antitumor Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061521. [PMID: 33802144 PMCID: PMC8002096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper, Capsicum, and Pimenta are the main genera of peppers consumed worldwide. The traditional use of peppers by either ancient civilizations or modern societies has raised interest in their biological applications, including cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects. Cellular responses upon treatment with isolated pepper-derived compounds involve mechanisms of cell death, especially through proapoptotic stimuli in tumorigenic cells. In this review, we highlight naturally occurring secondary metabolites of peppers with cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. Available mechanisms of cell death, as well as the development of analogues, are also discussed.
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Induction of Apoptosis and Regulation of MicroRNA Expression by (2 E,6 E)-2,6- bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) Treatment on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051277. [PMID: 33652854 PMCID: PMC7956517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(2E,6E)-2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) is a synthetic curcumin analogue, which has been reported to possess anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, and anti-invasion properties on estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the cytotoxic effects of BHMC on ER positive breast cancer cells were not widely reported. This study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic potential of BHMC on MCF-7 cells using cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptotic assays. Besides, microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to identify the list of miRNAs and genes, which could be dysregulated following BHMC treatment. The current study discovered that BHMC exhibits selective cytotoxic effects on ER positive MCF-7 cells as compared to ER negative MDA-MB-231 cells and normal breast cells, MCF-10A. BHMC was shown to promote G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Microarray and qPCR analysis demonstrated that BHMC treatment would upregulate several miRNAs like miR-3195 and miR-30a-3p and downregulate miRNAs such as miR-6813-5p and miR-6132 in MCF-7 cells. Besides, BHMC administration was also found to downregulate few tumor-promoting genes like VEGF and SNAIL in MCF-7. In conclusion, BHMC induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells by altering the expressions of apoptotic-regulating miRNAs and associated genes.
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Antiangiogenic effects of phospholipase A 2 Lys49 BnSP-7 from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom on endothelial cells: An in vitro and ex vivo approach. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105099. [PMID: 33486049 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic strategies are promising tools for cancer treatment and several other disorders. In this sense, phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) from snake venom have been described to possess antiangiogenic properties. In this study, we evaluated both in vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic effects induced by BnSP-7, a Lys49 PLA2 isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. BnSP-7 was able to inhibit endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, which was indeed confirmed by a modulation of cell cycle progression. Interestingly, BnSP-7 also inhibited the adhesion and migration of HUVECs and blocked in vitro angiogenesis in a VEGF-dependent manner, an important proangiogenic factor. Finally, BnSP-7 was capable of inhibiting sprouting angiogenic process through an ex vivo aortic ring assay. Taken together, these results indicate that BnSP-7 has potent in vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic effect.
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Abu Bakar NA, Sulaiman MR, Lajis N, Akhtar MN, Mohamad AS. Evaluation of Antinociceptive Profile of Chalcone Derivative (3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (DMPF-1) in vivo. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S711-S717. [PMID: 33828366 PMCID: PMC8021043 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_344_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain is a major global health issue, where its pharmacotherapy prompts unwanted side effects; hence, the development of effective alternative compounds from natural derivatives with lesser side effects is clinically needed. Chalcone; the precursors of flavonoid, and its derivatives have been widely investigated due to its pharmacological properties. Objective This study addressed the therapeutic effect of 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl furan-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (DMPF-1); synthetic chalcone derivative, on antinociceptive activity in vivo. Materials and Methods The antinociceptive profile was evaluated using acetic-acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced paw licking test. Capsaicin, phorbol 12-myristate 12 acetate (PMA), and glutamate-induced paw licking test were carried out to evaluate their potential effects toward different targets. Results It was shown that the doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg of DMPF-1 given via intraperitoneal injection showed significant reduction in writhing responses and increased the latency time in hot-plate test where reduced time spent on licking the injected paw in formalin and dose contingency inhibition was observed. The similar results were observed in capsaicin, PMA, and glutamate-induced paw licking test. In addition, the challenge with nonselective opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone) aimed to evaluate the involvement of the opioidergic system, which showed no reversion in analgesic profile in formalin and hot-plate test. Conclusion Collectively, this study showed that DMPF-1 markedly inhibits both peripheral and central nociception through the mechanism involving an interaction with vanilloid and glutamatergic system regardless of the activation of the opioidergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azlina Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Azam Shah Mohamad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Bian T, Corral P, Wang Y, Botello J, Kingston R, Daniels T, Salloum RG, Johnston E, Huo Z, Lu J, Liu AC, Xing C. Kava as a Clinical Nutrient: Promises and Challenges. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3044. [PMID: 33027883 PMCID: PMC7600512 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kava beverages are typically prepared from the root of Piper methysticum. They have been consumed among Pacific Islanders for centuries. Kava extract preparations were once used as herbal drugs to treat anxiety in Europe. Kava is also marketed as a dietary supplement in the U.S. and is gaining popularity as a recreational drink in Western countries. Recent studies suggest that kava and its key phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, in addition to the well-documented neurological benefits. While its beneficial effects are widely recognized, rare hepatotoxicity had been associated with use of certain kava preparations, but there are no validations nor consistent mechanisms. Major challenges lie in the diversity of kava products and the lack of standardization, which has produced an unmet need for quality initiatives. This review aims to provide the scientific community and consumers, as well as regulatory agencies, with a broad overview on kava use and its related research. We first provide a historical background for its different uses and then discuss the current state of the research, including its chemical composition, possible mechanisms of action, and its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory and neurological conditions, as well as cancer. We then discuss the challenges associated with kava use and research, focusing on the need for the detailed characterization of kava components and associated risks such as its reported hepatotoxicity. Lastly, given its growing popularity in clinical and recreational use, we emphasize the urgent need for quality control and quality assurance of kava products, pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and foundational pharmacology. These are essential in order to inform research into the molecular targets, cellular mechanisms, and creative use of early stage human clinical trials for designer kava modalities to inform and guide the design and execution of future randomized placebo controlled trials to maximize kava's clinical efficacy and to minimize its risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.B.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Pedro Corral
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.B.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.B.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordy Botello
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.B.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Rick Kingston
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Tyler Daniels
- Thorne Research Inc., Industrial Road, 620 Omni Dr, Summerville, SC 29483, USA;
| | - Ramzi G. Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Edward Johnston
- The Association for Hawaiian Awa (kava), Pepe’ekeo, HI 96783, USA;
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (T.B.); (P.C.); (Y.W.); (J.B.)
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Celentano A, Yiannis C, Paolini R, Zhang P, Farah CS, Cirillo N, Yap T, McCullough M. Kava constituents exert selective anticancer effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15904. [PMID: 32985597 PMCID: PMC7522996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kava is a beverage made from the ground roots of the plant Piper Methysticum. Active compounds of Kava have previously been demonstrated to exert an antiproliferative effect through cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. Our aim was to investigate the in vitro effects of the main constituents derived from Kava on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) activity. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used to characterise the main constituents of two Kava preparations. Cell proliferation was assessed in two human OSCC cell lines (H400 and BICR56) and in normal oral keratinocytes (OKF6) treated with the identified Kava constituents, namely Flavokawain A (FKA), Flavokawain B (FKB), yangonin, kavain and methysticin using an MTS in vitro assay. Cell migration at 16 h was assessed using a Transwell migration assay. Cell invasion was measured at 22 h using a Matrigel assay. Cell adhesion was assessed at 90 min with a Cytoselect Adhesion assay. The two Kava preparations contained substantially different concentrations of the main chemical constituents. Treatment of malignant and normal oral keratinocyte cell lines with three of the identified constituents, 10 μg/ml FKA, 2.5 μg/ml FKB and 10 μg/ml yangonin, showed a significant reduction in cell proliferation in both H400 and BICR56 cancer cell lines but not in normal OKF6 cells. Remarkably, the same Kava constituents induced a significant reduction of OSCC cell migration and invasion. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that Kava constituents, FKA, FKB and yangonin have potential anticancer effects on OSCC. This highlights an avenue for further research of Kava constituents in the development of future cancer therapies to prevent and treat OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Callisthenis Yiannis
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 142 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
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High-Throughput Analysis of Flavokawains in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.) Roots, Chips and Powders and Correlations with Their Acetonic Extracts Absorbance. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kuo CY, Weng TS, Kumar KJS, Tseng YH, Tung TW, Wang SY, Wang HC. Ethanol Extracts of Dietary Herb, Alpinia nantoensis, Exhibit Anticancer Potential in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419866924. [PMID: 31409145 PMCID: PMC6696839 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419866924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mammography screening, chemotherapy, and adjuvant treatment modalities have improved the survival rate of women with breast cancer. Nevertheless, the breast tumor with metastatic progression is still life-threatening. Indeed, combination therapy with Ras-ERK and PI3K inhibitors is clinically effective in malignant breast cancer treatment. Constituents from genus Alpinia plants have been implicated as potent anticancer agents in terms of their efficacy of inhibiting tumor cell metastasis. In this study, we tested the effects of ethanol extracts of Alpinia nantoensis (rhizome, stem, and leaf extracts) in cultured human breast cancer cells and particularly focused on the Ras-ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. We found that the rhizome and leaf extracts from A nantoensis inhibited cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The potency was extended with the inhibition of serum-induced PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK activation and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated EGFR activation in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that extracts of A nantoensis could inhibit signal transduction at least involved in EGFR as well as the PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK pathways, which are crucial players of tumor cell migration and invasion. Our study strongly supports that the extracts of A nantoensis could be a novel botanical drug lead for the development of an antimetastatic agent for the treatment of human malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Kuo
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Song Weng
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,2 Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
| | - K J Senthil Kumar
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsueh Tseng
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Tung
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- 3 Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,5 Department of Medical Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.,6 Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Palko-Łabuz A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T, Środa-Pomianek K, Poła A, Uryga A, Michalak K. Cyclization of flavokawain B reduces its activity against human colon cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:262-275. [PMID: 31640425 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119882986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are naturally occurring compounds exhibiting biological activity through multiple mechanisms. Flavokawain B is one of chalcones found in kava plant. In our studies, we focused on the anticancer activity of flavokawain B in colorectal cancer cells LoVo and its resistant to doxorubicin subline-LoVo/Dx. Strong cytotoxic activity of flavokawain B and its ability to inhibit the proliferation in both cell lines was detected. These effects accompanied with induction cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and the presence of SubG1 fraction. Flavokawain B at low concentration led to increase of caspase-3 activity. The chalcone-induced apoptosis was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation. In our work, the conversion of flavokawain B to corresponding flavanone-5,7-dimetoxyflavanone-was shown to be more extensive in cancer than in non-cancer cells. We found that the cyclization of the chalcone was related to the significant decrease in the cytotoxicity. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were not impaired significantly in the studied cancer cells incubated with 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone. We did not observe apoptosis in the cells incubated with flavanone. The results from biological studies agreed with the theoretical activity that emerges from structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Poła
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Uryga
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Michalak
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Liu S, Qiu J, He G, Liang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Pan H. LncRNA MALAT1 acts as a miR-125a-3p sponge to regulate FOXM1 expression and promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. J Cancer 2019; 10:6649-6659. [PMID: 31777593 PMCID: PMC6856878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prominent cancer type, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being known to be relevant to its progression. We therefore investigated how a particular lncRNA known as the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was associated with HCC. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qPCR) was used to assess expression of MALAT1, Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) and miR-125a-3p in HCC tissue samples. How MALAT1 regulates HCC proliferation and metastasis was assessed through appropriate assays. FOXM1 was identified as a miR-125a-3p target using luciferase assays, and how MALAT1/miR-125a-3p alter FOXM1 expression was explored via qPCR and Western blotting. Results: HCC tissues exhibited MALAT1 upregulation. miR-125a-3p targeted FOXM1 and could be regulated by MALAT1. MALAT1 knockdown disrupted proliferation and invasion, whereas miR-125a-3p knockdown partially reversed this phenotype. Conclusions: These results indicate that MALAT1 modulates FOXM1 expression via being a miR-125a-3p sponge, thus promoting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guifang He
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Changchang Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Huazheng Pan
- Clinical Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171779, Sweden
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24
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Celentano A, Tran A, Testa C, Thayanantha K, Tan-Orders W, Tan S, Syamal M, McCullough MJ, Yap T. The protective effects of Kava (Piper Methysticum) constituents in cancers: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:510-529. [PMID: 31172600 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kava is a beverage made from the ground roots of the plant Piper Methysticum and has long-held a significant place within Pacific island communities. Active compounds were extracted from kava, and secondary metabolites include kavalactones, chalcones, cinnamic acid derivatives and flavanones. It is thought that components of kava may exert an antiproliferative effect through cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to summarize available evidence of the anticancer effects of kava components and investigate their potential use for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment. Eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive search of OVID EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE and Web of Science, as at April 2018. RESULTS Of 39 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 32 included in vitro models and 13 included animal studies. A total of 26 different cancers were assessed with 32 studies solely assessing epithelial cancers, 6 mesenchymal cancers and 1 study including both. There was only one report assessing an OSCC cell line. Antiproliferative properties were demonstrated in 32 out of 39 papers. The most researched constituent of kava was flavokavain B followed by flavokavain A. Both were associated with increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Further, they were associated with a dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION There was heterogeneity of study models and methods of investigation across the studies identified. Components of kava appear to present an area of interest with chemotherapeutic potential in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly for epithelial neoplasms. To date, there is a paucity of literature of the utility of kava components in the prevention and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Tran
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Testa
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krishen Thayanantha
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Tan-Orders
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitali Syamal
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Petersen GE, Tang Y, Fields C. Chemical and in vitro toxicity analysis of a supercritical fluid extract of Kava kava (Piper methysticum). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:301-308. [PMID: 30710733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kava and kava extracts have shown great potential as a way to minimize anxiety-associated symptoms and to help alleviate pain. Hepatoxicity has been associated with the consumption of kava products. The chemical compounds, kavalactones (KL) and flavokavains (FK) have been implicated in kava's psychotropic and possible hepatotoxic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the kavalactone and flavokavain content and in vitro toxicity of KAVOA™, a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) of kava. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kavalactone and flavokavain content of SFE kava and noble kava root were determined following extraction in acetone, cell culture media, and water using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Using water extractions of the kava products, the cell viability and toxicity on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) were determined using luminescent and fluorescent assays, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the SFE kava and noble kava root, extracted in cell culture media, were determined utilizing a luminescent cell viability assay. RESULTS Quantification of the KAVOA™, a SFE extract of kava and kava root showed similar profiles of kavalactone and flavokavain content. Water extracted SFE and root kava did not show a negative impact on cell viability and toxicity when compared to the vehicle control treated cells. IC50 values were determined for the SFE kava and kava root extracted in cell culture media in respect to cell viability, 78.63 and 47.65 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS KAVOA™, a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of kava displays a similar kavalactone profile to a noble variety of kava. In relation to total kavalactone content, KAVOA™ also has a lower content of the cytotoxic compound FKB. Aqueous extractions of KAVOA™ and noble kava root had no significant negative impact on cell viability and toxicity on HepG2 cells when compared to vehicle controlled treated cells. Results indicate KAVOA™ demonstrates a similar in vitro safety profile to that of noble kava root when experiments are normalized to kavalactone content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg E Petersen
- Applied Food Sciences, Inc., 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
| | - Yijin Tang
- Applied Food Sciences, Inc., 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
| | - Christine Fields
- Applied Food Sciences, Inc., 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
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26
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Going CC, Tailor D, Kumar V, Birk AM, Pandrala M, Rice MA, Stoyanova T, Malhotra S, Pitteri SJ. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Reveals Key Pathways in the Anticancer Action of Methoxychalcone Derivatives in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3574-3585. [PMID: 30200768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive, heterogeneous disease with high recurrence and metastasis rates even with modern chemotherapy regimens and thus is in need of new therapeutics. Here, three novel synthetic analogues of chalcones, plant-based molecules that have demonstrated potency against a wide variety of cancers, were investigated as potential therapeutics for triple negative breast cancer. These compounds exhibit IC50 values of ∼5 μM in triple negative breast cancer cell lines and are more potent against triple negative breast cancer cell lines than against nontumor breast cell lines according to viability experiments. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics followed by gene set enrichment analysis and validation experiments using flow cytometry, apoptosis, and Western blot assays revealed three different anticancer mechanisms for these compounds. First, the chalcone analogues induce the unfolded protein response followed by apoptosis. Second, increases in the abundances of MHC-I pathway proteins occurs, which would likely result in immune stimulation in an organism. And third, treatment with the chalcone analogues causes disruption of the cell cycle by interfering with microtubule structure and by inducing G1 phase arrest. These data demonstrate the potential of these novel chalcone derivatives as treatments for triple negative breast cancer, though further work evaluating their efficacy in vivo is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Alisha M Birk
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Meghan A Rice
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sanjay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States.,Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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27
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He Q, Liu W, Sha S, Fan S, Yu Y, Chen L, Dong M. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-dependent mTOR pathway is involved in flavokawain B-induced autophagy in thyroid cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2576-2589. [PMID: 29908094 PMCID: PMC6113436 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavokawain B (FKB), a natural kava chalcone, shows potent antitumor activity in various types of cancer, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we report that FKB has profound effects on the metabolic state of human thyroid cancer (TCa) cells, leading to high autophagy flux through upregulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, which in turn inhibits mTOR and activates Beclin‐1 in TCa cells. We further report that the autophagy induced by FKB plays a prosurvival role in TCa cells both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that combination treatment with FKB and pharmacological autophagy inhibitors will be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
| | - Wenping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Province in Medicine and Health, Jinan, China
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28
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Zamrus SNH, Akhtar MN, Yeap SK, Quah CK, Loh WS, Alitheen NB, Zareen S, Tajuddin SN, Hussin Y, Shah SAA. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic effects of curcuminoids on HeLa, K562, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:31. [PMID: 29556774 PMCID: PMC5859007 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin is one of the leading compound extracted from the dry powder of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae family), which possess several pharmacological properties. However, in vivo administration exhibited limited applications in cancer therapies. Results Twenty-four curcumin derivatives have synthesized, which comprises cyclohexanone 1–10, acetone 11–17 and cyclopentanone 18–24 series. All the curcuminoids were synthesized by the acid or base catalyzed Claisen Schmidt condenstion reactions, in which β-diketone moiety of curcumin was modified with mono-ketone. These curcuminoids 1–24 were screened against HeLa, K562, MCF-7 (an estrogen-dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (an estrogen-independent) cancer cell lines. Among them, acetone series 11–17 were found to be more selective and potential cytotoxic agents. The compound 14 was exhibited (IC50 = 3.02 ± 1.20 and 1.52 ± 0.60 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Among the cyclohexanone series, the compound 4 exhibited (IC50 = 11.04 ± 2.80, 6.50 ± 01.80, 8.70 ± 3.10 and 2.30 ± 1.60 µg/mL) potential cytotoxicity against four proposed cancer cell lines, respectively. All the curcucminoids were characterized with the detailed 1H NMR, IR, UV–Vis, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 4 was confirmed by using the single X-ray crystallography. Additionally, we are going to report the first time spectral data of (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (1). Structure–activity relationships revealed that the mono-carbonyl with 2,5-dimethoxy substituted curcuminoids could be an essential for the future drugs against cancer diseases. Conclusions Curcuminoids with diferuloyl(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl) moiety with mono carbonyl exhibiting potential cytotoxic properties. The compound 14 was exhibited (IC50 = 3.02 ± 1.20 and 1.52 ± 0.60 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Hajar Zamrus
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. .,Bio-Aromatic Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Sin Loh
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Bio-Aromatic Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Nizam Tajuddin
- Bio-Aromatic Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yazmin Hussin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Research Institute of Natural Products for Drug Discovery (RiND), NMR Facility Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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29
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Abu Bakar A, Akhtar MN, Mohd Ali N, Yeap SK, Quah CK, Loh WS, Alitheen NB, Zareen S, Ul-Haq Z, Shah SAA. Design, Synthesis and Docking Studies of Flavokawain B Type Chalcones and Their Cytotoxic Effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29518053 PMCID: PMC6017189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavokawain B (1) is a natural chalcone extracted from the roots of Piper methysticum, and has been proven to be a potential cytotoxic compound. Using the partial structure of flavokawain B (FKB), about 23 analogs have been synthesized. Among them, compounds 8, 13 and 23 were found in new FKB derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, thus establishing the structure–activity relationship. The FKB derivatives 16 (IC50 = 6.50 ± 0.40 and 4.12 ± 0.20 μg/mL), 15 (IC50 = 5.50 ± 0.35 and 6.50 ± 1.40 μg/mL) and 13 (IC50 = 7.12 ± 0.80 and 4.04 ± 0.30 μg/mL) exhibited potential cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. However, the methoxy group substituted in position three and four in compound 2 (IC50 = 8.90 ± 0.60 and 6.80 ± 0.35 μg/mL) and 22 (IC50 = 8.80 ± 0.35 and 14.16 ± 1.10 μg/mL) exhibited good cytotoxicity. The lead compound FKB (1) showed potential cytotoxicity (IC50 = 7.70 ± 0.30 and 5.90 ± 0.30 μg/mL) against two proposed breast cancer cell lines. It is evident that the FKB skeleton is unique for anticancer agents, additionally, the presence of halogens (Cl and F) in position 2 and 3 also improved the cytotoxicity in FKB series. These findings could help to improve the future drug discovery process to treat breast cancer. A molecular dynamics study of active compounds revealed stable interactions within the active site of Janus kinase. The structures of all compounds were determined by 1H-NMR, EI-MS, IR and UV and X-ray crystallographic spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addila Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia.
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Chine-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia.
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Wan-Sin Loh
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Seema Zareen
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia.
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Research Institute of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia.
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30
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Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavonoids and Chalcones: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010027. [PMID: 29271940 PMCID: PMC5795978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are precursors of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Both flavonoids and chalcones are intensively investigated because of a large spectrum of their biological activities. Among others, anticancer and antiangiogenic effects account for the research interest of these substances. Because of an essential role in cancer growth and metastasis, angiogenesis is considered to be a promising target for cancer treatment. Currently used antiangiogenic agents are either synthetic compounds or monoclonal antibodies. However, there are some limitations of their use including toxicity and high price, making the search for new antiangiogenic compounds very attractive. Nowadays it is well known that several natural compounds may modulate basic steps in angiogenesis. A lot of studies, also from our lab, showed that phytochemicals, including polyphenols, are potent modulators of angiogenesis. This review paper is focused on the antiangiogenic effect of flavonoids and chalcones and discusses possible underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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31
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Rossette MC, Moraes DC, Sacramento EK, Romano-Silva MA, Carvalho JL, Gomes DA, Caldas H, Friedman E, Bastos-Rodrigues L, De Marco L. The In Vitro and In Vivo Antiangiogenic Effects of Flavokawain B. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1607-1613. [PMID: 28816367 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is implicated in the development of a variety of pathological processes, most commonly cancer. It is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, making it an important cancer therapeutic target. Naturally occurring substances have led to the discovery of anticancer agents. Flavokawain B (FKB), a chalcone isolated from the root extracts of kava-kava plant, inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis in vitro and in vivo of various cancer cell lines. The antimetastatic potential of FKB has also been suggested. In our study, we confirm the antiangiogenic action of FKB in vitro and, for the first time, demonstrate its strong antiangiogenic activity in vivo, using a zebrafish model. Our data show that FKB inhibits human brain endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation even at very low and non-toxic concentrations. Moreover, FKB blocks angiogenesis process in zebrafish, with a dramatic reduction of subintestinal vein formation in a dose-dependent manner. Flavokawain B at the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL did not exhibit any toxic effects in zebrafish larvae and caused a markedly or complete obliteration of subintestinal vein formation. Our findings along with previously published data confirm that FKB may form the basis for creating an additional tool in the treatment of cancer and other neovascularization-related diseases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rossette
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora C Moraes
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika K Sacramento
- Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hanna Caldas
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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32
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Antitumoral effects of γCdcPLI, a PLA 2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus via PI3K/Akt pathway on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7077. [PMID: 28765552 PMCID: PMC5539153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2(PLA2s) overexpression is closely associated with the malignant potential of breast cancers. Here, we showed for the first the antitumoral effects of γCdcPLI, a PLA2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus via PI3K/Akt pathway on MDA-MB-231 cell. Firstly, γCdcPLI was more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells than other cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, PC3 and A549) and did not affect the viability of non-tumorigenic breast cell (MCF 10A). In addition, γCdcPLI induced modulation of important mediators of apoptosis pathways such as p53, MAPK-ERK, BIRC5 and MDM2. γCdcPLI decreased MDA-MB-231 adhesion, migration and invasion. Interestingly, the γCdcPLI also inhibited the adhesion and migration of endothelial cells and blocked angiogenesis by inhibiting tube formation by HUVECs in vitro and sprouting elongation on aortic ring assay ex vivo. Furthermore, γCdcPLI reduced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). γCdcPLI was also able to decrease PGE2 levels in MDA-MB-231 and inhibited gene and protein expression of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, γCdcPLI showed in vitro antitumoral, antimestatatic and anti-angiogenic potential effects and could be an attractive approach for futures studies in cancer therapy.
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Thieury C, Lebouvier N, Le Guével R, Barguil Y, Herbette G, Antheaume C, Hnawia E, Asakawa Y, Nour M, Guillaudeux T. Mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships of cytotoxic flavokawain derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1817-1829. [PMID: 28214231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
22 Flavokawain derivatives (FKd) were obtained by one step syntheses in order to conduct a SAR study to understand the structural requirements for optimum and selective cytotoxicity. FKd and natural flavokawains A and B found into kava, a South Pacific traditional beverage, were evaluated against nine cancer and one healthy cell lines. The targeted cell cycle phases as well as the effects on the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle protein levels were investigated. Therapeutic improvements (more activity and selectivity) were achieved with FKd compared to natural flavokawains and notably with the 2',3,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone (FKd 19). FKd induced a G1/S arrest on p53 wild-type cells and an M arrest on p53 mutant-type, via the up-regulation of p21 and cyclin B1 proteins, followed by apoptosis. Moreover, FKd exhibited a 24h-effect on Akt/mTor normal cells versus a 48h-effect on Akt/mTor up-regulated cells. The SAR study resulted in the conclusion that trimethoxy A-ring allowed the best compromise between cytotoxicity and selectivity, as well as the substitution of the meta position on the B-ring and the use of halogens substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thieury
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia.
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Rémy Le Guével
- UMS 3480 CNRS/US INSERM 018 BIOSIT Plateforme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Barguil
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia; Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Hémostase, Hôpital Gaston Bourret, 7 avenue Paul Doumer, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Gaëtan Herbette
- Spectropole, FR1739 - Faculté de Saint-Jérôme, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 52 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Edouard Hnawia
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihamahoji-180 Yamashirocho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Mohammed Nour
- LIVE EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, avenue James Cook, BPR4, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- UMS 3480 CNRS/US INSERM 018 BIOSIT Plateforme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR INSERM U917 "Microenvironnement et cancer", Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM 440 Université de Rennes 1 "Oncogenesis Stress Signaling", Centre Eugène Marquis, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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Crude Extracts, Flavokawain B and Alpinetin Compounds from the Rhizome of Alpinia mutica Induce Cell Death via UCK2 Enzyme Inhibition and in Turn Reduce 18S rRNA Biosynthesis in HT-29 Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170233. [PMID: 28103302 PMCID: PMC5245823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 is an enzyme that is overexpressed in abnormal cell growth and its implication is considered a hallmark of cancer. Due to the selective expression of UCK2 in cancer cells, a selective inhibition of this key enzyme necessitates the discovery of its potential inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the potentials of natural phytochemicals from the rhizome of Alpinia mutica to inhibit UCK2 useful for colorectal cancer. Here, we employed the used of in vitro to investigate the effectiveness of natural UCK2 inhibitors to cause HT-29 cell death. Extracts, flavokawain B, and alpinetin compound from the rhizome of Alpinia mutica was used in the study. The study demonstrated that the expression of UCK2 mRNA were substantially reduced in treated HT-29 cells. In addition, downregulation in expression of 18S ribosomal RNA was also observed in all treated HT-29 cells. This was confirmed by fluorescence imaging to measure the level of expression of 18S ribosomal RNA in live cell images. The study suggests the possibility of MDM2 protein was downregulated and its suppression subsequently activates the expression of p53 during inhibition of UCK2 enzyme. The expression of p53 is directly linked to a blockage of cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase and upregulates Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase 3 while Bcl2 was deregulated. In this respect, apoptosis induction and DNA fragmentation were observed in treated HT-29 cells. Initial results from in vitro studies have shown the ability of the bioactive compounds of flavokawain B and alpinetin to target UCK2 enzyme specifically, inducing cell cycle arrest and subsequently leading to cancer cell death, possibly through interfering the MDM2-p53 signalling pathway. These phenomena have proven that the bioactive compounds could be useful for future therapeutic use in colon cancer.
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Ali NM, Akhtar MN, Ky H, Lim KL, Abu N, Zareen S, Ho WY, Alan-Ong HK, Tan SW, Alitheen NB, Ismail JB, Yeap SK, Kamarul T. Flavokawain derivative FLS induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1897-907. [PMID: 27358555 PMCID: PMC4912327 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Known as naturally occurring biologically active compounds, flavokawain A and B are the leading chalcones that possess anticancer properties. Another flavokawain derivative, (E)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methylthio)phenyl)prop-2-ene-1-one (FLS) was characterized with (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance, electron-impact mas spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet ((1)H NMR, EI-MS, IR, and UV) spectroscopic techniques. FLS cytotoxic efficacy against human cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A) resulted in the reduction of IC50 values in a time- and dose-dependent mode with high specificity on MCF-7 (IC50 of 36 μM at 48 hours) against normal breast cell MCF-10A (no IC50 detected up to 180 μM at 72 hours). Light, scanning electron, and fluorescent microscopic analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with 36 μM of FLS displayed cell shrinkage, apoptotic body, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, induction of G2/M cell arrest within 24 hours and apoptosis at subsequent time points was discovered via flow cytometry analysis. The roles of PLK-1, Wee-1, and phosphorylation of CDC-2 in G2/M arrest and proapoptotic factors (Bax, caspase 9, and p53) in promotion of apoptosis of FLS against MCF-7 cells were discovered using fluorometric, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Interestingly, the presence of SCH3 (thiomethyl group) on ring B structure contributed to the selective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells compared to other chalcones, flavokawain A and B. Overall, our data suggest potential therapeutic value for flavokawain derivative FLS to be further developed as a new anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, CanTho City, Vietnam
| | - Kian Lam Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seema Zareen
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han Kiat Alan-Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamil Bin Ismail
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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