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Yang C, Yu C, Li Q, Peng L, Chun C, Tang X, Liu S, Hu C, Ling L. A Rare Benzothiazole Glucoside as a Derivative of 'Albedo Bluing' Substance in Citrus Fruit and Its Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:302. [PMID: 38257215 PMCID: PMC10820657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
'Albedo bluing' of fruits occurs in many varieties of citrus, resulting in a significant reduction in their commercial value. We first presented a breakthrough method for successfully extracting and purifying the 'albedo bluing' substance (ABS) from citrus fruits, resulting in the attainment of highly purified ABS. Then, HPLC and UPLC-QTOF-MS were used to prove that ABS in the fruits of three citrus varieties (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. 'Gonggan', 'Orah', and 'Mashuiju') are identical. However, the chemical structure of ABS remains elusive for many reasons. Fortunately, a more stable derivative of ABS (ABS-D) was successfully obtained. Through various analytical techniques such as HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical shift calculation, ABS-D was identified as 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl(5,6-dihydroxy-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methanone, indicating that both ABS and its derivative belong to a rare category of benzothiazole glucosides. Furthermore, both ABS and ABS-D demonstrated potent antioxidant abilities. These findings lay the groundwork for further elucidating the chemical structure of ABS and the causative mechanism of the 'albedo bluing' phenomenon in citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (C.Y.); (C.Y.); (L.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chuanxiu Yu
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (C.Y.); (C.Y.); (L.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China (C.H.)
| | - Liangzhi Peng
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (C.Y.); (C.Y.); (L.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Changpin Chun
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (C.Y.); (C.Y.); (L.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China (C.H.)
| | - Chengbo Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China (C.H.)
| | - Lili Ling
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (C.Y.); (C.Y.); (L.P.); (C.C.)
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Hassan NA, Abdelfattah MAO, Mandour YM, El-Shazly AM, Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF. Vasorelaxant Effects of Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M.Perry Extract Are Mediated by NO/cGMP Pathway in Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1349. [PMID: 36355521 PMCID: PMC9692616 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M.Perry is utilized widely in traditional medicine. We have reported previously a wide array of pharmacological properties of its leaf extract, among them anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and antitrypanosomal activities. We also annotated its chemical composition using LC-MS/MS. Here, we continue our investigations and evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of the leaf extract on aortic rings isolated from rats and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. S. samarangense extract induced a concentration dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta in the rat model. However, this effect disappeared upon removing the functional endothelium. Pretreating the aortic tissues either with propranolol or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibited the relaxation induced by the extract; however, atropine did not affect the extract-induced vasodilation. Meanwhile, adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL; specific guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ; high extracellular KCl; and indomethacin as cyclooxygenase inhibitor inhibited the extract-induced vasodilation. On the other hand, incubation of S. samarangense extract with aortae sections having their intact endothelium pre-constricted using phenylephrine or KCl in media free of Ca2+ showed no effect on the constriction of the aortae vessels induced by Ca2+. Taken together, the present study suggests that S. samarangense extract dilates isolated aortic rings via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling. The observed biological effects could be attributed to its rich secondary metabolites. The specific mechanisms of the active ingredients of S. samarangense extract await further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Yasmine M. Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Assem M. El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Abo Laban AI, El-Bassossy HM, Hassan NA. Hinokitiol produces vasodilation in aortae from normal and angiotensin II- induced hypertensive rats via endothelial-dependent and independent pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107092. [PMID: 35907614 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Hinokitiol is a natural bioactive compound with numerous pharmacological properties. Here, we aimed to examine hinokitiol's effects on vascular relaxation. Cumulative relaxation responses to hinokitiol were assessed in isolated aortae from normotensive and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats in the presence and absence of selective inhibitors. Hinokitiol produced vasodilation of phenylephrine preconstricted aortae using both normotensive and hypertensive rats. In normotensive rats, hinokitiol's vasodilation was reduced by endothelial denudation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), guanylate cyclase, and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Also, hinokitiol vasodilation was attenuated by β-receptors, adenylate cyclase, Ca2+-activated K+ channels and hyperpolarization inhibition. Moreover, hinokitiol exhibited a blocking activity on Ca2+ mobilization through voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC). However, its effect was not changed by muscarinic receptor and Sarc-K+ ATP channels blocking but was enhanced by blocking voltage-dependent K+ channels. However, in angiotensin II-induced hypertension, hinokitiol vasodilating activity was attenuated by NOS inhibition and it blocked Ca2+ mobilization through VDCC, while its vasodilation was partially attenuated by Sarc-K+ ATP channels blocking. However, the vasodilating effect of hinokitiol was not attenuated by either cyclooxygenase, β-receptor, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, or voltage-dependent potassium channels inhibition, but was enhanced by blocking hyperpolarization. Hinokitiol's vasodilating effect in normotensive and hypertensive vessels is mediated through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany I Abo Laban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Abdallah HM, Kashegari AT, Shalabi AA, Darwish KM, El-Halawany AM, Algandaby MM, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdel-Naim AB, Koshak AE, Proksch P, Elhady SS. Phenolics from Chrozophora oblongifolia Aerial Parts as Inhibitors of α-Glucosidases and Advanced Glycation End Products: In-Vitro Assessment, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050762. [PMID: 35625490 PMCID: PMC9139161 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The chemical investigation of Chrozophora oblongifolia aerial parts resulted in the isolation of five phenolic compounds. The isolated metabolites were tested for their antioxidant and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities. 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose exhibited the highest activity as an antioxidant and AGEs inhibitor as well as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. It showed promising binding affinity and stability towards the human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase α-glucosidases, as revealed through coupled molecular docking and dynamics studies that could encourage the utilization of this compound in the management of diabetes and its complications. Abstract Modern life is associated with low physical activity that leads to the accumulation of fats, gaining more weight, and obesity. Accumulation of fat in the abdomen region contributes to diabetes via insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are major plant constituents that exert antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms, including radicle scavenging activity, regulation of glucose uptake, and inhibition of fat and polysaccharide hydrolysis in addition to their inhibitory role regarding the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Chemical investigation of C. oblongifolia aerial parts resulted in the isolation of five major compounds: apeginin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galacturonic acid (3), rutin (4), and 1,3,6-trigalloyl glucose (5). The isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant and AGEs formation, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities. Compound 5 revealed the highest antioxidant and AGEs inhibitory activity in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methylglyoxal, BSA-fructose, and arginine-methylglyoxal models. Moreover, it exhibited a potent inhibitory profile on Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidases compared to the positive control, acarbose. Compound (5) further depicted promising binding affinity and stability towards the human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase α-glucosidases, which is a diabetes-related therapeutic target, through coupled molecular docking and dynamics studies. The obtained results encourage the usage of 1,3,6-trigalloyl glucose in the management of diabetes and its complications. However, detailed in-vivo studies for this compound should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Albraa T. Kashegari
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Akram A. Shalabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (A.M.E.-H.)
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman E. Koshak
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.T.K.); (G.A.M.); (A.E.K.); (S.S.E.)
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Alhakamy NA, Mohamed GA, Fahmy UA, Eid BG, Ahmed OAA, Al-Rabia MW, Khedr AIM, Nasrullah MZ, Ibrahim SRM. New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030384. [PMID: 35330135 PMCID: PMC8950244 DOI: 10.3390/life12030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new benzophenones: garcimangophenones A (6) and B (7) and five formerly reported metabolites were purified from the pericarps EtOAc fraction of Garcinia mangostana ((GM) Clusiaceae). Their structures were characterized by various spectral techniques and by comparing with the literature. The α-amylase inhibitory (AAI) potential of the isolated metabolites was assessed. Compounds 7 and 6 had significant AAI activity (IC50 9.3 and 12.2 µM, respectively) compared with acarbose (IC50 6.4 µM, reference α-amylase inhibitor). On the other hand, 5 had a moderate activity. Additionally, their activity towards the α-amylase was assessed utilizing docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The docking and predictive binding energy estimations were accomplished using reported crystal structure of the α-amylase (PDB ID: 5TD4). Compounds 7 and 6 possessed highly negative docking scores of −11.3 and −8.2 kcal/mol, when complexed with 5TD4, respectively while acarbose had a docking score of −16.1 kcal/mol, when complexed with 5TD4. By using molecular dynamics simulations, the compounds stability in the complexes with the α-amylase was analyzed, and it was found to be stable over the course of 50 ns. The results suggested that the benzophenone derivative 7 may be potential α-amylase inhibitors. However, further investigations to support these findings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Abdulhafiz Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.); (G.A.M.); Tel.: +966-597636182 (G.A.M.)
| | - Gamal Abdallah Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.); (G.A.M.); Tel.: +966-597636182 (G.A.M.)
| | - Usama Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
| | - Basma Ghazi Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama Abdelhakim Aly Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Wanees Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Health Promotion Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Zahid Nasrullah
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Preparatory Year Program, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Aljehani AA, Albadr NA, Nasrullah MZ, Neamatallah T, Eid BG, Abdel-Naim AB. Icariin ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20370-20378. [PMID: 34734339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an immense health issue that causes serious complications in aging males including BPH. Icariin (ICA) is a flavonol glycoside that exerts a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present investigation tested the potential of ICA to ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by MetS in rats. Animals were allocated to 5 groups in which the first and second groups were kept on water and regular food pellets. MetS was induced in the third, fourth, and fifth groups by keeping the animals on high fructose and salt diets for twelve consecutive weeks. These groups were given vehicle, ICA (25 mg/kg), and ICA (50 mg/kg), respectively. MetS was confirmed by an increase in rats' weight, accumulation of visceral fat, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This was accompanied by manifestation of BPH including increased prostate weight, prostate index, and histopathological alterations. Treating the animals with both doses of ICA significantly ameliorated the increase in weight and index of the prostate as well as altered prostate histopathology. In addition, ICA significantly decreased cyclin D1 expression, upregulated Bax, and downregulated Bcl2 mRNA expression. ICA prevented lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione depletion, and catalase exhaustion, which further lowered markers of prostate inflammation such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, ICA prevented the decrease in prostate content of phosphorylated 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (pAMPK). In conclusion, ICA protects against MetS-induced BPH. This is due to its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Aljehani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Wahba NS, Abdel-Ghany RH, Ghareib SA, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh AE, Sabry D. Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:306-323. [PMID: 34453360 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in an experimental model of fructose/salt-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). A major aim was to evaluate the potential capacity of vitamin D3 to potentiate the pleiotropic nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination. MetS was induced in adult male Wistar rats by adding fructose (10%) to everyday drinking water and salt (3%) to the diet for 6 weeks. Along with the same concentrations of fructose/salt feeding, MetS rats were then treated orally with either vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day)-metformin (200 mg/kg/day) combination, vitamin D3 (10 μg/kg/day), or the triple therapy for a further 6 weeks. The incidence of MetS was confirmed 6 weeks after fructose/salt consumption, when the rats exhibited significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. At the end of the 12-week experimental period, MetS rats displayed significantly deteriorated renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress and inflammation together with exaggerated renal histopathological damages and interstitial fibrosis. The study has corroborated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination, vitamin D3, and the triple collaborative therapy, conferring renoprotection in the setting of MetS. Due attention has been paid to the crucial role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition and sirtuin-1/5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation as novel therapeutic targets to optimize renoprotection. The apparent potentiating effect, evoked upon coadministration of vitamin D3 with vildagliptin-metformin combination, may provide a cornerstone for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Wahba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
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Abdallah HM, Timraz NZ, Ibrahim SRM, El-Halawany AM, Malebari AM, Shehata IA, El-Bassossy HM. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Hypericum revolutum in Rat Aorta. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060541. [PMID: 34204229 PMCID: PMC8234642 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypericum revolutum (HR) is reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae, where the chloroform fraction is the most potent. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release. Abstract Vasodilators are an important class in the management of hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. In this regard, the chloroform fraction of Hypericum revolutum (HR) has been reported to produce vasodilating activity in phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the chloroform fraction of HR and illustrate the possible mechanism of action. The vasodilation activities were investigated using the isolated artery technique. NO vascular release was assessed by utilizing the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM. Free radical scavenging capacity was assessed utilizing DPPH. Chemical investigation of this fraction yielded two new compounds, revolutin (1) and hyperevolutin C (2), along with three known metabolites, β-sitosterol (3), euxanthone (4), and 2,3,4-tirmethoxy xanthone (5). Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed significant vasodilation activities that were blocked by either endothelial denudation or L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), pointing towards a role of endothelial nitric oxide in their activities. In confirmation of this role, compounds 1–3 showed a significant release of NO from isolated vessels, as indicated by DAF-FM. On the other hand, only compound 5 showed free radical scavenging activities, as indicated by DPPH. In conclusion, isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 produce vasodilation activities that are dependent on endothelial nitric oxide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54-4733-110
| | - Noha Z. Timraz
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Batterjee Medical College, North Obhur, Abdullah Al-Faisal Street, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A. Shehata
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.Z.T.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Hany M. El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Isolation of a High Antioxidant Non-Toxic Polar Fraction from Garcinia mangostana Fruit Pericarp by Reverse Phase Column Chromatography. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2021. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.24.1.15-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crude polar extract of mangosteen fruit pericarp not only has a moderate antioxidant activity of (55±4 μg/mL) but also has high cytotoxicity (16±0.5 μg/mL). The high cytotoxicity presumably is caused by the presence of complex cytotoxic compounds from the mangosteen pericarp. To obtain a non-toxic extract preparation with high antioxidant activity, polar crude 50% ethanol extracts of mangosteen pericarp were partially purified using reverse-phase column chromatography with Silica C18 as the stationary phase and acetonitrile-water gradient elution. Six of the ten fractions collected had high antioxidant activities, with IC50 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging antioxidant levels <50 μg/mL. Three fractions (fractions 3, 5, and 7) with the highest antioxidant activities of (16.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL), (17.8 ± 2 µg/mL) and (17.4 ± 1.8 µg/mL) respectively, were chosen for further cytotoxicity, phenolic content and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The cytotoxic tests were conducted with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Fraction 3 had low cytotoxicity (LC50 485 ± 96 µg/mL) and fraction 5 was non-toxic (LC50 ≥ 1000 µg/mL), while fraction 7 still had high cytotoxicity (LC50 2.8 ± 0.8 µg/mL). The chromatogram profiles of HPLC showed that fractions 3 and 5 contained more polar compounds than the compounds present in fraction 7. It can be concluded that the reverse phase method succeeded in the isolation of a non-toxic polar fraction, that is, fraction 5, with a significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant activity than in the original crude polar extracts. This fraction had a high total phenolic content of 43.3 ± 0.3 g GAE per 100 g extract.
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John OD, Mouatt P, Panchal SK, Brown L. Rind from Purple Mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:319. [PMID: 33499382 PMCID: PMC7912346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulp of the purple mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, is a popular tropical fruit but the rind containing xanthones such as α-mangostin together with procyanidins and anthocyanidins is usually discarded as waste. However, this rind has been used in South-East Asia for diarrhoea, dysentery, skin infections and wounds. As xanthones have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, this study has determined the bioactive compounds and evaluated the effects of G. mangostana rind on physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a diet with increased simple sugars and saturated fats developed obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular stiffness, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Administration of G. mangostana rind as 5% of the food to rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome gave a dose of 168 mg/kg/day α-mangostin, 355 mg/kg/day procyanidins, 3.9 mg/kg/day anthocyanins and 11.8 mg/kg/day hydroxycitric acid for 8 weeks which reduced body weight and attenuated physiological and metabolic changes in rats including decreased abdominal fat deposition, decreased abdominal circumference and whole-body fat mass, improved liver structure and function and improved cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure, left ventricular stiffness and endothelial function. These responses were associated with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased deposition of collagen in both heart and liver and decreased mean adipocyte size in retroperitoneal adipose tissues. We conclude that, in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, chronic intake of G. mangostana rind decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells which decreased physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. John
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; (O.D.J.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
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Wahba NS, Ghareib SA, Abdel-Ghany RH, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh AE. Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of metformin in a rat model of metabolic syndrome: role of AMPK/SIRT1 activation and DPP-4 inhibition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:685-697. [PMID: 33108744 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metformin and vitamin D3-induced nephroprotection in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model, evaluating the capacity of vitamin D3 to potentiate metformin action. MetS was induced by 10% fructose in drinking water and 3% salt in the diet. After 6 weeks, serum lipid profile and uric acid were measured, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and kidney function was investigated. In conjunction with the same concentrations of fructose and salt feeding, MetS rats with significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and dysglycemia were treated orally with metformin (200 mg/kg), vitamin D3 (10 µg/kg), or both daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the study period, anthropometrical parameters were recorded, OGTT was reperformed, urine and blood samples were collected, and tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. MetS rats showed dramatically declined renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress and inflammation, and extravagant renal histopathological damage with interstitial fibrosis. Metformin and vitamin D3 significantly reversed all the aforementioned deleterious effects in MetS rats. The study has verified the nephroprotective effects of metformin and vitamin D3 in MetS, accentuating the critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-1 activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition. Given the synergistic effects of the combination, vitamin D3 is worth being investigated as an additional therapeutic agent for preventing MetS-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Wahba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Aljehani AA, Albadr NA, Eid BG, Abdel-Naim AB. Icariin enhances AMP-activated protein kinase and prevents high fructose and high salt-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1309-1316. [PMID: 33250640 PMCID: PMC7679472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasing health threat and often leads to cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate icariin’s ability to combat MetS induced in rats and outline the involved mechanisms of action. Rats were grouped in four batches. The controls received a regular diet and water. MetS was induced in the remaining three groups using a high-salt high-fructose diet. Groups 1 and 2 were given daily doses of saline, while Groups 3 and 4 received 25 and 50 mg/kg icariin, respectively, for 12 weeks in total. The experimental protocol was carried out for 12 weeks consecutively. Icariin significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), adiposity index and body weight. Further, icariin protected against dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia and improved insulin resistance as given by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Icariin guarded against the rise in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, it significantly inhibited the decrease in mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). These effects were accompanied by decreased liver content of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and enhanced serum levels of phosphorylated 5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Further, icariin significantly increased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in liver tissues. Conclusively, icariin offers protection in experimentally induced MetS, partially due to AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Aljehani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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2-Methoxyestradiol ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced hypertension and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibited expression and activity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Renoprotective effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:299-316. [PMID: 32322970 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the potential nephroprotective effects of vitamin D3 in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the molecular basis of the underlying mechanisms of its action. METHODS MetS was induced in adult male Wistar rats by adding fructose (10%) to every day drinking water and salt (3%) to the diet. Six weeks after fructose/salt consumption, fasting serum lipid profile and uric acid levels were determined, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and kidney function was checked. MetS rats were then treated orally with vitamin D3 (10 µg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. At the end of the study period (12 weeks), the OGTT test was reperformed, anthropometrical parameters were measured, urine, blood and tissue samples were collected and the animals were euthanised. RESULTS The incidence of MetS was confirmed 6 weeks after fructose/salt consumption, when the rats exhibited significant weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance. After 12 weeks, MetS rats displayed markedly declined renal function alongside with extravagant renal histopathological damages and interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, significantly enhanced renal oxidative stress and inflammation were manifested. Vitamin D3 supplementation in MetS rats significantly reversed all the above-mentioned deleterious effects. CONCLUSION The study has indeed provided mounting evidence of the promising therapeutic potential of vitamin D3 against development and progression of MetS-induced nephropathy. A new insight has been introduced into the crucial role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition and sirtuin-1/5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in the renoprotective effects of vitamin D3.
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Algandaby MM. Crocin prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via enhancing PPAR-gamma and AMPK. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1310-1316. [PMID: 32346340 PMCID: PMC7182989 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a major health hazard. The syndrome is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease. The objective of the current study was to address whether or not crocin could protect against experimentally-induced MetS in rats as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. Animals were allocated into 4 groups. The first one served as control and was kept on regular food pellets and drinking water. The other three groups were subjected to experimental MetS. Induction of MetS was achieved by keeping rats on food pellets containing 3% NaCl; and drinking water enriched with 10% fructose. The first and second groups were daily gavaged with saline. The third and fourth groups were daily administered crocin 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The treatment continued for 12 consecutive weeks. Crocin significantly reduced body weight gain and adiposity index as compared to MetS group. Also, crocin protected against the occurrence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance as indicated by controlled values of HOMA-IR. Crocin protected against MetS-induced dyslipidemia as well as the rise blood pressure. These beneficial effects were accompanied by enhanced serum levels of PPARγ & AMPK and inhibited serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, crocin protects against experimentally-induced MetS. This can be attributed, at least partly, to activation of PPARγ and AMPK as well as inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi M Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud, Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abdallah HM, Hassan NA, El-Halawany AM, Mohamed GA, Safo MK, El-Bassossy HM. Major flavonoids from Psiadia punctulata produce vasodilation via activation of endothelial dependent NO signaling. J Adv Res 2020; 24:273-279. [PMID: 32382447 PMCID: PMC7200196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol extract of Psiadia punctulata (MAPP) produced a significant vasodilation. Chloroform fraction and its methylated flavonoids were responsible for this effect. Vasodilation is referred to endothelial nitric oxide and, Ca2+ dependent eNOS. Interference with calcium entrance is another possible mechanism of vasodilation.
Vasodilators are important pharmacologic agents for managing and/or treating hypertension. Medicinal plants are considered as valuable source of bioactive compounds. We used a bioguided approach to isolate, identify, and investigate the possible vasodilation activities and mechanism(s) of the prepared methanol extract from aerial parts of Psiadia punctulata (MAPP), its bioactive fraction and active compounds. Vascular effects of MAPP were studied using isolated artery technique in the presence or absence of specific candidate pathways inhibitors, and found to produce a significant vasodilation of phenylephrine preconstricted rat aortae. The bioactive chloroform fraction yielded five methoxylated flavonoids: umuhengerin (1), gardenin A (2), gardenin B (3), luteolin-3′,4′ -dimethyl ether (4), and 5,3′-dihydroxy-6,7,4′,5′-tetramethoxyflavone (5). Metabolites 1, 4, and 5 produced a significant vasodilation. Removal of the endothelium significantly inhibited MAPP vasodilation. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and not prostacycline inhibition or K+ channel blocking, was found to cause the observed vasodilation inhibition. Both guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase inhibitions markedly inhibited MAPP vasodilation. In conclusion MAPP possesses vasodilation activities that is mediated through endothelial nitric oxide pathway, calcium dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, and interference with the depolarization process through calcium channel blocking activity.
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Key Words
- AC, adenylate cyclase
- Ca2+, calcium
- CaM, calmodulin
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- Endothelial nitric oxide
- Flavonoids
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- Hypertension
- L-NAME, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- MAPP, methanol extract from aerial parts of Psiadia punctulata
- MDL, cis-N-(2-Phenylcyclopentyl)azacyclotridec-1-en-2-amine.HCl (MDL-12, 330A)
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- ODQ, 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
- PE, phenylephrine
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKG, protein kinase G
- PP, Psiadia punctulata
- Psiadia punctulata
- TEA, tetraethylammonium chloride
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- Vasodilator
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23219, USA
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Ding YY, Luan JJ, Fan Y, Olatunji OJ, Song J, Zuo J. α-Mangostin reduced the viability of A594 cells in vitro by provoking ROS production through downregulation of NAMPT/NAD. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:163-172. [PMID: 31898286 PMCID: PMC6985413 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (MAN) is a bioactive compound isolated from the inedible pericarp of a tropical fruit mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn). It exhibits notable therapeutic potentials on lung cancers, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. This study was designed to further explore the mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity of MAN on A549 cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry methods. The fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and JC-1 were used to assess the intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential statuses, respectively. The regulation of MAN on relevant pathways was investigated by immunoblotting assays. The results obtained indicated that MAN caused significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells, which eventually resulted in inhibition on cell proliferation in vitro. All these phenomena were synchronized with escalated oxidative stress and downregulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAMPT/NAD). Supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) efficiently eased MAN-induced ROS accumulation, and potently antagonized MAN-elicited apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The pro-apoptotic effect of MAN was further confirmed by increased expressions of cleaved caspase 3, 6, 7, and 9, and its effect on cell cycle progression was validated by the altered expressions of p-p38, p-p53, CDK4, and cyclin D1. The immunoblotting assays also demonstrated that NAC/NMN effectively restored these molecular changes elicited by MAN treatment. Collectively, this study revealed a unique anti-tumor mechanism of MAN by provoking ROS production through downregulation of NAMPT/NAD signaling and further validated MAN as a potential therapeutic reagent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Ding
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jia-Jie Luan
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Jing Song
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, No 2nd West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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Wahba NS, Abdel-Ghany RH, Ghareib SA, Abdel-Aal M, Alsemeh AE. Vitamin D3 potentiates the renoprotective effects of vildagliptin in a rat model of fructose/salt-induced insulin resistance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 144:105196. [PMID: 31866564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) seemingly plays a role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study has elucidated the crucial interplay of oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic and profibrotic signaling pathways, linking IR to CKD. The study aimed at investigating the pleiotropic nephroprotective effects of either vildagliptin or vitamin D3 in a fructose/salt-induced IR rat model, highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms underlying their action. Another interesting target was to evaluate the potential capacity of vitamin D3 to potentiate the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin. Indeed, a state of impaired fasting glucose, IR and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, constellating with significant weight gain, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia was established 6 weeks after fructose/salt consumption. IR rats were then treated orally with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day), vitamin D3 (10 µg/kg/day) or their combination for a further 6 weeks. By the end of the 12th week, untreated IR rats displayed significantly declined renal function with parallel interwined renal oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic and profibrotic changes, renal histopathological damages and markedly enhanced collagen fiber deposition. Vildagliptin and vitamin D3 reversed hyperuricemia and exerted a plethora of renal anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects. Our study has introduced a new insight into the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition and silent information regulator 1/5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in the nephroprotective effects of either agent, elucidating their possible crosstalk with renin angiotensin aldosterone system downregulation. Considering the superadditive renoprotective effects evoked by the combination, vitamin D3 is worth being further investigated as an additional therapeutic agent for preventing IR-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S Wahba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Rasha H Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Lin SR, Lin SY, Chen CC, Fu YS, Weng CF. Exploring a New Natural Treating Agent for Primary Hypertension: Recent Findings and Forthcoming Perspectives. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8112003. [PMID: 31744165 PMCID: PMC6912567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension describes abnormally-high systolic/diastolic blood pressure in a resting condition caused by various genetic or environmental risk factors. Remarkably, severe complications, such as ischemic cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease have led to primary hypertension becoming a huge burden for almost one-third of the total population. Medication is the major regimen for treating primary hypertension; however, recent medications may have adverse effects that attenuate energy levels. Hence, the search for new hypotensive agents from folk or traditional medicine may be fruitful in the discovery and development of new drugs. This review assembles recent findings for natural antihypertensive agents, extracts, or decoctions published in PubMed, and provides insights into the search for new hypotensive compounds based on blood-pressure regulating mechanisms, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic/adrenergic receptor/calcium channel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Yea Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (S.-R.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong,160 Zhongzheng S. Rd. Luodong, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.F.); (C.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-890-3609 (C.-F.W.); Fax: +886-3-890-0163 (C.-F.W.)
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.F.); (C.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-890-3609 (C.-F.W.); Fax: +886-3-890-0163 (C.-F.W.)
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20
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Elfaky MA, Zayed MF, El-Kholy AA, Abdelmageed OH, Ross SA. Mangostanaxanthone VII, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Garcinia mangostana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:185-189. [PMID: 29116938 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (the queen of fruits, mangosteen, family Guttiferae) is a wealthy source of xanthones. The CHCl3 soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of G. mangostana provided a new xanthone: mangostanaxanthone VII (5), along with four known xanthones: mangostanaxanthones I (1) and II (2), gartanin (3) and γ-mangostin (4). The structural verification of these metabolites was achieved by different spectral techniques, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The new metabolite was assessed for cytotoxic potential, using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay towards the A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Moreover, its antimicrobial effects were evaluated against various bacterial and fungal strains, using agar disc diffusion assay. Mangostanaxanthone VII showed moderate cytotoxic activity against the A549 and MCF7 cell lines with IC50s 26.1 and 34.8 μM, respectively, compared with doxorubicin (0.74 and 0.41 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi ArabiaE-mail:.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Osama H Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Tarkhan MM, Balamsh KS, El-Bassossy HM. Cinnamaldehyde protects from methylglyoxal-induced vascular damage: Effect on nitric oxide and advanced glycation end products. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12907. [PMID: 31353699 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect and mechanism(s) of action of cinnamaldehyde on the highly reactive secondary sugar derivative, methylglyoxal, induced vascular damage were investigated using isolated rat thoracic aorta. Aorta was incubated with methylglyoxal and cinnamaldehyde where vascular reactivity was assessed through phenylephrine- and acetylcholine-induced contraction and relaxation, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde's antioxidant activity, ability to induce aortic nitric oxide release, and effect on advanced glycation end products formation (AGEs) was also studied. Results showed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alleviated the exaggerated contraction and improved the attenuated dilation of the aorta secondary to incubation with methylglyoxal. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde stimulated aortic nitric oxide production from isolated aorta giving levels similar to acetylcholine and significantly reduced both methylglyoxal-induced AGEs and protein oxidation products formation. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde protects from methyglyoxal-induced vascular damage mainly by improving the vasodilation in addition to endothelial nitric oxide production and reducing the detrimental AGE-inflicted vascular damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of naturally occurring products to alleviate various disease-related complications is highly attractive due to their easy availability, relatively affordable prices compared to pharmaceutical products, and their favorable safety profile. In the case of cinnamaldehyde, its excessive and highly reputable consumption in the food industry facilitates promoting a daily intake of the natural compound with the purpose of counteracting the destructive effect that elevated blood glucose has on vascular function. According to findings obtained from this study, frequent cinnamaldehyde intake will improve vascular reactivity by acting on vasodilatory mechanisms and inhibiting glycation reactions, hence improving the hyperglycemia associated hypertensive state. The study also paves the way for future research to determine the clinical efficacy of cinnamaldehyde having established its competence in protecting vascular function in a lab setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Mohammed Tarkhan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah Saeed Balamsh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Mohammed El-Bassossy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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22
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Algandaby MM. Crocin attenuates metabolic syndrome-induced osteoporosis in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12895. [PMID: 31353703 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, anti-osteoporotic activities of crocin were evaluated in a rat model of metabolic syndrome-induced osteoporosis. Metabolic syndrome was confirmed by increased body weight gain, increased fasting blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, elevated mean arterial blood pressure, and increased serum triglycerides level. Crocin (5 or 10 mg/kg) protected against histological and architectural alteration in bone tissues. Further, it ameliorated the decline in the bone formation markers serum alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin level and inhibited the rise in the bone resorption markers serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and collagen cross-linking carboxyterminal telopeptide, type I. Crocin anti-inflammatory properties were confirmed by a significant decline in serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Crocin mitigated oxidative stress in femur distal epiphysis tissues. Mechanically, crocin enhanced both the longitudinal and perpendicular forces of femurs. The current data highlight a protective activity that can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem. Its prevalence is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Complications of metabolic syndrome include osteoporosis. This poses high risk of fractures and represents a heavy health, social, and economic burden. The current study highlights the antiosteoporotic activities of crocin in an experimental model of osteoporosis. Thus, crocin and/or other structurally related carotenoids can be lead compounds for synthesizing more potent and bioavailable molecules. These are expected to be devoid of the hazardous adverse effects of the currently available medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Khayat MTA, Ahmed S, Abo‐Haded H. Garcixanthone D, a New Xanthone, and Other Xanthone Derivatives FromGarcinia mangostanaPericarps: Their α‐Amylase Inhibitory Potential and Molecular Docking Studies. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of PharmacyTaibah UniversityAl Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078Saudi Arabia
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Gamal Abdallah Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Sahar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of PharmacyTaibah UniversityAl Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyAssiut UniversityAssuitEgypt
| | - Hany Abo‐Haded
- Cardiology UnitCollege of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl Madinah Al MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
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24
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Khayat MTA, Ahmed S, Abo-Haded H. α-Amylase inhibition of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana pericarps and their possible use for the treatment of diabetes with molecular docking studies. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12844. [PMID: 31353530 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the methanol extract of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen, Guttiferae) dried pericarps led to the isolation and structural characterization of a new xanthone, namely garcimangostin A (5), together with garcixanthone A (1), gartanin (2), normangostin (3), and garcinone C (4). Their structural characterization was achieved using various NMR spectroscopic tools as well as HRMS. Their α-amylase inhibitory (AAI) potential was assessed. It is noteworthy that 5 had the most potent inhibitory effect with % inhibition 94.1 compared to acarbose (96.7%). Moreover, the molecular modeling studies were estimated. The observed scoring results correlated to those results of the AAI assay. Interestingly, 5 was completely fitting with acarbose structure and a superimposition of acarbose complexed structure with 5 in the enzyme binding site was observed. The AAI activity of 5 could be attributed to the xanthone moiety insertion in the active site of the enzyme via H-bonds network and pi-pi interactions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Garcinia mangostana is a widely consumed fruit for its unique pleasant aroma and sweet taste. Also, it contains valuable nutritious compounds that are advantageous for human body. It is used as various traditional medicines for treating several ailments such as skin infection, hyperkeratosis, eczema, wounds, psoriasis, amebic dysentery, cholera, diarrhea, and suppuration. The findings of this work can demonstrate the significant AAI potential of G. mangostana xanthones. Therefore, mangosteen as a functional food could help in lowering the postprandial glucose absorption and identifying lead compounds from α-amylase inhibition for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdallah Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maan Talaat Abdullah Khayat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Hany Abo-Haded
- Cardiology Unit, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Mangostanaxanthone VIIII, a new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, α-amylase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Hu GY, Peng C, Xie XF, Xiong L, Zhang SY, Cao XY. Patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon cablin mediates endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by blockade of Ca 2+ channels in rat isolated thoracic aorta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:188-196. [PMID: 28965754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. for the treatment of cardiodynia have been documented in Mingyi Bielu of late Han Dynasty, in addition to that the Ca2+ antagonized activities of P. cablin and its critically pharmacological ingredient patchouli alcohol (PA) were reported previously. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the relaxant effects of PA on rat isolated thoracic aortas and further explore its potential mechanisms of actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aortas with endothelium and without endothelium were prepared and suspended in the organ bath for isometric tension recordings. The responses to accumulative concentrations of PA in endothelium-intact (E + ) aortas with basal tension and in different treated aortas pre-contracted with potassium chloride (KCl) or phenylephrine (PHE) were observed; the effects of L-NAME and indomethacin in aortas with intact endothelium, and of L-NAME, propranolol, tetraethtylamine (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), barium chloride (BaCl2), glyburide in aortas with endothelial denudation on PA-produced vasorelaxation were assessed; the influences of PA on extracellular Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release were measured in Ca2+-free medium. Finally, the abilities of PA to inhibit KCl- and PHE-induced contractions were compared to that of verapamil in E- aortas. RESULTS PA produced vasorelaxant effects in KCl- and PHE-precontracted E + aortas in a concentration-dependent manner, which had no statistically different from that in KCl- and PHE-precontracted E- aortas. PA (10 μM) significantly reduced KCl-induced contractions while PHE-induced contractions were significantly reduced by 100 μM of PA instead of 10 μM and 30 μM in aortas with endothelium. Pre-incubation of E + aortas with L-NAME as well as indomethacin and of E- aortas with L-NAME, propranolol, TEA, 4-AP, BaCl2 and glyburide had no obvious effects on vasorelaxation of PA. In endothelium-removed aortas around Ca2+-free solution, PA remarkably lowered the contractions stimulated with Ca2+ and PHE, and application of ruthenium red and heparin further enhanced the abilities of PA to reduce PHE-caused contractions. In aortas without endothelium, 100 μM of PA markedly attenuated KCl-induced contractions but not affect PHE-induced contractions. Verapamil at the equal dose markedly attenuated KCl- and PHE-induced contractions, and the inhibitory effects on KCl-induced contractions were more forceful than that on PHE-induced contractions. In combined usage, the inhibitory effects on the contractions elicited by KCl were evidently weaker than that of verapamil alone and indifferently stronger than that of PA alone, and the inhibitory effects on the contractions elicited by PHE were evidently weaker than that of single verapamil but stronger than that of single PA. CONCLUSION PA may act as a Ca2+ antagonist to exert an intensively vasorelaxant effects through endothelium-independent pathway, and its mechanisms underlying the vasoactivities seem to be associated with the blockade of extracellular Ca2+ influx through VDCCs and ROCCs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) membrane and intracellular Ca2+ releases through IP3R- and RYR-mediated Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Liang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - San-Yin Zhang
- TCM Qi&Blood Functional Laboratory, College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of the Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611173, PR China.
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27
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Ibrahim SRM, Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM, Nafady AM, Mohamed GA. Mangostanaxanthone VIII, a new xanthone from Garcinia mangostana and its cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1446012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Nafady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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28
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Ibrahim SRM, El-Agamy DS, Abdallah HM, Ahmed N, Elkablawy MA, Mohamed GA. Protective activity of tovophyllin A, a xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, against acetaminophen-induced liver damage: role of Nrf2 activation. Food Funct 2018; 9:3291-3300. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tovophyllin A (TA) ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina S. El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishat Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Elkablawy
- Department of Pathology
- College of Medicine
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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Ovalle-Magallanes B, Eugenio-Pérez D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): A comprehensive update. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:102-122. [PMID: 28842267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. The main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites with multiple reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. The diversity of actions displayed by mangosteen xanthones shows that these compounds target multiple signaling pathways involved in different pathologies, and place them as valuable sources for developing new drugs to treat chronic and degenerative diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive update of the toxicological findings on animal models, and the preclinical anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of G. mangostana L. extracts and its main isolates. Pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems and reports on dose-finding human trials are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dianelena Eugenio-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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30
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Tousian Shandiz H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of Garcinia mangostana and its Xanthones in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1173-1182. [PMID: 28656594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with keywords of 'Garcinia mangostana', 'mangosteen', 'α-mangostin', 'metabolic syndrome', 'hypoglycemic', 'antihyperglicemic', 'antidiabetic', 'hypotensive', 'antihypertensive', 'atherosclerosis', 'arteriosclerosis' and 'hyperlipidemia' have been investigated in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed all pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of G. mangostana and its xanthones in the management of metabolic syndrome and its complications in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Based on these studies, mangosteen and its xanthones have good potential to design human studies for controlling and modification of metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as obesity, disrupted lipid profile, diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Al Musayeib NM, Ibrahim SRM, Amina M, Al Hamoud GA, Mohamed GA. Curviflorside and curviflorin, new naphthalene glycoside and flavanol from Plicosepalus curviflorus. Z NATURFORSCH C 2017; 72:197-201. [PMID: 27845891 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The naphthalene glycosidecurviflorside [1,5-dihydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalene-2-O-β-D-xylopyranoside] (3) and the flavanol curviflorin [(+)-catechin-7-O-3″,4″-dihydroxybenzoate] (4), along with two known flavonoids: (+)-catechin (1) and quercetin (2) were isolated from the shoots of Plicosepalu scurviflorus Benth. (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia and the chemical structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal M Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 598566807, E-mail:
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 581183034, E-mail: .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah A Al Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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32
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Mohamed GA, Al-Abd AM, El-Halawany AM, Abdallah HM, Ibrahim SRM. New xanthones and cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against human hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:302-312. [PMID: 28108382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer has proceeded to surpass one of the most chronic illnesses to be the major cause of mortality in both the developing and developed world. Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen, family Guttiferae) known as the queen of fruits, is one of the most popular tropical fruits. It is cultivated in Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, and Philippines. Traditionally, numerous parts of G. mangostana have been utilized to treat various ailments such as abdominal pain, haemorrhoids, food allergies, arthritis, leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, diarrhea, dysentery, wound infection, suppuration, and chronic ulcer. AIM OF STUDY Although anticancer activity has been reported for the plant, the goal of the study was designed to isolate and characterize the active metabolites from G. mangostana and measure their cytotoxic properties. In this research, the mechanism of antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CHCl3 fraction of the air-dried fruit hulls was repeatedly chromatographed on SiO2, RP18, Diaion HP-20, and polyamide columns to furnish fourteen compounds. The structures of these metabolites were proven by UV, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR measurements and HRESIMS. Additionally, the cytotoxic potential of all compounds was assessed against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 cell lines using SRB-U assay. Antiproliferative and cell cycle interference effects of potentially potent compounds were tested using DNA content flow cytometry. The mechanism of cell death induction was also studied using annexin-V/PI differential staining coupled with flow cytometry. RESULTS The CHCl3 soluble fraction afforded two new xanthones: mangostanaxanthones V (1) and VI (2), along with twelve known compounds: mangostanaxanthone IV (3), β-mangostin (4), garcinone E (5), α-mangostin (6), nor-mangostin (7), garcimangosone D (8), aromadendrin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene (10), 2,4,3`-trihydroxybenzophenone-6-O-β-glucopyranoside (11), maclurin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (rhodanthenone) (12), epicatechin (13), and 2,4,6,3`,5`-pentahydroxybenzophenone (14). Only compound 5 showed considerable antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects with IC50's ranging from 15.8 to 16.7µM. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 showed moderate to weak cytotoxic effects (IC50's ranged from 45.7 to 116.4µM). Using DNA content flow cytometry, it was found that only 5 induced significant cell cycle arrest at G0/G1-phase which is indicative of its antiproliferative properties. Additionally, by using annexin V-FITC/PI differential staining, 5 induced cells killing effect via the induction of apoptosis and necrosis in both HepG2 and HCT116 cells. Compound 3 produce necrosis and apoptosis only in HCT116 cells. On contrary, 6 induced apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cells and moderate necrosis in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION Fourteen compounds were isolated from chloroform fraction of G. mangostana fruit hulls. Cytotoxic properties exhibited by the isolated xanthones from G. mangostana reinforce the avail of it as a natural cytotoxic agent against various cancers. These evidences could provide relevant bases for the scientific rationale of using G. mangostana in anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia.
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