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Rajvanshi H, Singh MP, Bharti PK, Sahu RS, Jayswar H, Govil PJ, Anvikar A, Chan XX, Chebbi A, Das S, Lal AA. Science of malaria elimination: using knowledge of bottlenecks and enablers from the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project in Central India for eliminating malaria in the Asia Pacific region. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1303095. [PMID: 38303961 PMCID: PMC10830794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1303095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria poses a major public health challenge in the Asia Pacific. Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project was conducted as a public-private partnership initiative in Mandla between State government, ICMR, and FDEC India. The project employed controls for efficient operational and management decisions. IEC campaigns found crucial in schools and communities. Capacity building of local workers emphasized for better diagnosis and treatment. SOCH mobile app launched for complete digitalization. Better supervision for Indoor Residual Sprays and optimized Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets distribution. Significant malaria cases reduction in Mandla. Insights from MEDP crucial for malaria elimination strategies in other endemic regions of the Asia Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Rajvanshi
- Asia Pacific Leaders' Malaria Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mrigendra P. Singh
- Foundation for Disease Elimination and Control of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen K. Bharti
- Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Himanshu Jayswar
- Directorate of Health Services, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
| | - Pallavi Jain Govil
- Department of Tribal Welfare, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
| | - Anup Anvikar
- Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amita Chebbi
- Asia Pacific Leaders' Malaria Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarthak Das
- Asia Pacific Leaders' Malaria Alliance, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Altaf A. Lal
- Foundation for Disease Elimination and Control of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rahi M, Sharma A. India could harness public-private partnerships to achieve malaria elimination. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2022; 5:100059. [PMID: 37383669 PMCID: PMC10305908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Public-private partnerships (PPP) have been beneficial in different sectors like infrastructure development and service sector across the world, including in India. Such partnerships in the healthcare sector have also been successful in providing access to affordable medical attention to all sections of society. These partnerships between public and private entities have proven to be beneficial in controlling malaria in high burden districts of India and taking these areas to the brink of elimination, thus setting examples to follow. The two successful ones are the Comprehensive Case Management Project (CCMP) in Odisha which is now adopted by the state, and the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project (MEDP) which has nearly eliminated malaria from the highly endemic district of Mandla in Madhya Pradesh. Here we propose that non-government and semi-government actors may be given vital roles in the malaria elimination efforts till 2030 and beyond. These partners will add value to the national programme and may have the potential to develop and test different models of malaria elimination in real-life settings that the government programme can absorb sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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3
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Kerr G, Robinson LJ, Russell TL, Macdonald J. Lessons for improved COVID-19 surveillance from the scale-up of malaria testing strategies. Malar J 2022; 21:223. [PMID: 35858916 PMCID: PMC9296766 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of infectious diseases is facilitated by informed decisions that require accurate and timely diagnosis of disease. For malaria, improved access to malaria diagnostics has revolutionized malaria control and elimination programmes. However, for COVID-19, diagnosis currently remains largely centralized and puts many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) at a disadvantage. Malaria and COVID-19 are infectious diseases that share overlapping symptoms. While the strategic responses to disease control for malaria and COVID-19 are dependent on the disease ecologies of each disease, the fundamental need for accurate and timely testing remains paramount to inform accurate responses. This review highlights how the roll-out of rapid diagnostic tests has been fundamental in the fight against malaria, primarily within the Asia Pacific and along the Greater Mekong Subregion. By learning from the successful elements of malaria control programmes, it is clear that improving access to point-of-care testing strategies for COVID-19 will provide a suitable framework for COVID-19 diagnosis in not only the Asia Pacific, but all malarious countries. In malaria-endemic countries, an integrated approach to point-of-care testing for COVID-19 and malaria would provide bi-directional benefits for COVID-19 and malaria control, particularly due to their paralleled likeness of symptoms, infection control strategies and at-risk individuals. This is especially important, as previous disease pandemics have disrupted malaria control infrastructure, resulting in malaria re-emergence and halting elimination progress. Understanding and combining strategies may help to both limit disruptions to malaria control and support COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Kerr
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | | | - Tanya L Russell
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Sharma S, Verma R, Yadav B, Kumar A, Rahi M, Sharma A. What India can learn from globally successful malaria elimination programmes. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008431. [PMID: 35760440 PMCID: PMC9237895 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
India is targeting malaria elimination by 2030. Understanding and adopting the strategies employed by countries that have successfully eliminated malaria can serve as a crucial thrust in this direction for a geographically diverse country like India. This analysis is based on extensive literature search on malaria elimination policies, strategies and programmes adopted by nine countries (China, El Salvador, Algeria, Argentina, Uzbekistan, Paraguay, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Armenia) which have attained malaria-free status over the past decade. The key points which India can learn from their journey are mandatory time-bound response in the form of case reporting and management, rapid vector control response, continuous epidemiological and entomological surveillance, elevated community participation, more training and capacity building, private sector involvement, use of quality diagnostics, cross-border collaborations, inclusion of prevention of re-establishment programmes into the elimination plans, higher investment in research, and uninterrupted funds for successful implementation of malaria elimination programmes. These learnings would help India and other South Asian countries steer their programmes by devising tailor-made strategies for their own regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Reena Verma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India .,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Tadesse Boltena M, El-Khatib Z, Kebede AS, Asamoah BO, Yaw ASC, Kamara K, Constant Assogba P, Tadesse Boltena A, Adane HT, Hailemeskel E, Biru M. Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5444. [PMID: 35564842 PMCID: PMC9101176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy causes fetomaternal haemorrhage and foetal growth retardation. This study determined the pooled burden of pregnancy malaria and helminthic co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa. CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve data from the literature, without restricting language and publication year. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used for quality assessment. STATA Version 14.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with the number CRD42019144812. In total, 24 studies (n = 14,087 participants) were identified in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that 20% of pregnant women were co-infected by malaria and helminths in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of malaria and helminths were 33% and 35%, respectively. The most prevalent helminths were Hookworm (48%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37%), and Trichuris trichiura (15%). Significantly higher malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy were observed. Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa must implement home-grown innovative solutions to underpin context-specific policies for the early initiation of effective intermittent preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil Tadesse Boltena
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | | | - Benedict Oppong Asamoah
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 101, Ghana;
| | - Kassim Kamara
- Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Phénix Constant Assogba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 526, Benin;
| | - Andualem Tadesse Boltena
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Hawult Taye Adane
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Elifaged Hailemeskel
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mulatu Biru
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Child and Family Health, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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Ahmed A, Hounsell KG, Sadiq T, Naguib M, Koswin K, Dharmawansa C, Rasan T, McGahan AM. Eliminating malaria in conflict zones: public health strategies developed in the Sri Lanka Civil War. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 6:bmjgh-2021-007453. [PMID: 34969681 PMCID: PMC8718488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the 26-year long civil war, Sri Lanka was declared malaria-free by WHO in 2016. This achievement was the result of nearly 30 years of elimination efforts following the last significant resurgence of malaria cases in Sri Lanka. The resurgence occurred in 1986–1987, when about 600 000 cases of malaria were detected. Obstacles to these efforts included a lack of healthcare workers in conflict zones, a disruption of vector control efforts, gaps in the medication supply chain, and rising malaria cases among the displaced population. This article seeks to describe the four strategies deployed in Sri Lanka to mitigate the aforementioned obstacles to ultimately achieve malaria elimination. The first approach was the support for disease elimination by the government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tamil Tigers of Elam. The second strategy was the balance of centralised leadership of the federal government and the decentralised programme operation at the regional level. The third strategy was the engagement of non-governmental stakeholders to fill in gaps left by the conflict to continue the elimination efforts. The last strategy is the ongoing efforts by the government, military and non-profit organisations to prevent the reintroduction of malaria. The lessons learnt from Sri Lanka have important implications for malaria-endemic nations that are in conflict such as Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Yemen and Somalia. To accomplish the World Health Assembly goal of reducing the global incidence and mortality of malaria by 90% by 2030, significant efforts are required to lessen the disease burden in conflict zones. In addition to the direct impacts of conflict on population health, conflicts may lead to increased risk of spread of malaria, both within a country and consequently, abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ahmed
- Medicine, Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Talha Sadiq
- Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Naguib
- Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirstyn Koswin
- Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Global Affairs Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chetha Dharmawansa
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
| | | | - Anita M McGahan
- Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ferdiana A, Cintyamena U, Azizatunnisa' L, Sunandar E, Probandari A. Finding the right balance: implementation of public-private partnership in artemisinin-based combination therapy provision in Manokwari, Indonesia. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 34784975 PMCID: PMC8593381 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indonesia is the second country with the highest number of malaria cases in Southeast Asia. Private health providers including community pharmacies often become the first point of care for the population seeking malaria treatment; however, public–private partnerships for malaria control are not widely implemented. This paper explores the acceptability of a public-private partnership program on the provision of subsidized artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in community pharmacies from the perspectives of private health providers, patients, and program implementers. Methods The study was conducted in Manokwari District in West Papua Province, one of the highest endemic districts in Indonesia. Qualitative methods using interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were employed to explore the following dimensions of acceptability: affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity cost, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy. Study participants were program implementers, private health providers, and pharmacy clients. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Secondary data on malaria cases and the use of ACTs reported by community pharmacies were also recorded. Results Only one-fourth of the total community pharmacies in Manokwari participated in the partnership, suggesting low coverage of the program. The proportion of malaria cases reported by community pharmacies increased from 6.9% in 2018 to 30.7% of cases. Most participants had a positive attitude towards the program, which might be associated with the perceived effectiveness of the partnership in improving access to ACTs. Despite the good understanding of the intervention by the participating pharmacies, limited involvement of private physicians often resulted in non-standardized treatment practices. The partnership also imposed a burden on private health providers in terms of human resources and time which entailed significant opportunity costs. A number of ethical issues might undermine the equity of access to ACTs. Conclusion Despite the positive attitude to the partnership, the perceived burden might outweigh the tangible benefits, posing threats to scaling up the intervention and sustainability. Innovations to simplify the administrative procedures in combination with performance-based incentives are needed to improve implementation. Engagement of patients and physicians is needed to increase the effectiveness of the partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Ferdiana
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Utsamani Cintyamena
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luthfi Azizatunnisa'
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Health Behavior, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edi Sunandar
- Provincial Health Office of West Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia
| | - Ari Probandari
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
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Azzopardi PS, Hennegan J, Prabhu SM, Dagva B, Balibago MM, Htin PPW, Swe ZY, Kennedy EC. Key recommendations to strengthen public-private partnership for adolescent health in resource constrained settings: Formative qualitative inquiry in Mongolia, Myanmar and the Philippines. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 15:100242. [PMID: 34528016 PMCID: PMC8357832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Public health services can be inaccessible for adolescents. The private sector provides many services, but often in parallel to the public sector. This study aimed to understand current private sector engagement in adolescent health service delivery and develop recommendations to strengthen partnerships. Methods The study focussed on Mongolia, Myanmar and the Philippines. An initial participatory workshop in each country was followed by semi-structured key-informant interviews (32 in total) with public and private sector actors and adolescents to explore: perceptions of the public and private sectors, strengths and challenges, existing models of partnership, and insights for successful public-private partnership (PPP). Interview transcripts were analysed thematically, with findings and recommendations verified through a second workshop in Mongolia and the Philippines. Findings The private sector already plays a significant role in adolescent health care, and stakeholders reported a genuine willingness for partnership. Strengthened PPP was identified as necessary to improve service accessibility and quality for adolescents, unburden the public sector and introduce new technologies, with advantages for the private sector including improved access to training and resources, and an enhanced public image. Recommendations for strengthened PPP included the need to establish the foundations for partnership, clearly define roles and co-ordinate stakeholders, ensure capacity and sustainability, and monitor and evaluate efforts. Interpretation This is the first comprehensive study of public-private partnership for adolescent health in the Asia Pacific region. It identifies stakeholders are willing for stronger partnerships and the benefits this partnership will bring. We define eight key recommendations to enable this partnership across sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Adolescent health and wellbeing program, Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Australia
| | - Julie Hennegan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Shirley Mark Prabhu
- Adolescent Health, Mental Health and HIV Specialist, UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, Amman, Jordan (formerly UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office)
| | | | - Mx Mar Balibago
- Adolescent health and HIV/AIDS Specialist, UNICEF Philippines
| | | | - Zay Yar Swe
- Myanmar country program, International Development Discipline, Burnet Institute, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Elissa C Kennedy
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Pilotte N, Cook DA, Pryce J, Zulch MF, Minetti C, Reimer LJ, Williams SA. Laboratory evaluation of molecular xenomonitoring using mosquito and tsetse fly excreta/feces to amplify Plasmodium, Brugia, and Trypanosoma DNA. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:1734. [PMID: 32596646 PMCID: PMC7308644 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13093.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Results from an increasing number of studies suggest that mosquito excreta/feces (E/F) testing has considerable potential to serve as a supplement for traditional molecular xenomonitoring techniques. However, as the catalogue of possible use-cases for this methodology expands, and the list of amenable pathogens grows, a number of fundamental methods-based questions remain. Answering these questions is critical to maximizing the utility of this approach and to facilitating its successful implementation as an effective tool for molecular xenomonitoring. Methods: Utilizing E/F produced by mosquitoes or tsetse flies experimentally exposed to Brugia malayi, Plasmodium falciparum, or Trypanosoma brucei brucei, factors such as limits of detection, throughput of testing, adaptability to use with competent and incompetent vector species, and effects of additional blood feedings post parasite-exposure were evaluated. Two platforms for the detection of pathogen signal (quantitative real-time PCR and digital PCR (dPCR)) were also compared, with strengths and weaknesses examined for each. Results: Experimental results indicated that high throughput testing is possible when evaluating mosquito E/F for the presence of either B. malayi or P. falciparum from both competent and incompetent vector mosquito species. Furthermore, following exposure to pathogen, providing mosquitoes with a second, uninfected bloodmeal did not expand the temporal window for E/F collection during which pathogen detection was possible. However, this collection window did appear longer in E/F collected from tsetse flies following exposure to T. b. brucei. Testing also suggested that dPCR may facilitate detection through its increased sensitivity. Unfortunately, logistical obstacles will likely make the large-scale use of dPCR impractical for this purpose. Conclusions: By examining many E/F testing variables, expansion of this technology to a field-ready platform has become increasingly feasible. However, translation of this methodology from the lab to the field will first require field-based pilot studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of E/F screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Pilotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Darren A.N. Cook
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Joseph Pryce
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Michael F. Zulch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
| | - Corrado Minetti
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Lisa J. Reimer
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Steven A. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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10
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Pilotte N, Cook DA, Pryce J, Zulch MF, Minetti C, Reimer LJ, Williams SA. Laboratory evaluation of molecular xenomonitoring using mosquito excreta/feces to amplify Plasmodium, Brugia, and Trypanosoma DNA. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1734. [PMID: 32596646 PMCID: PMC7308644 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13093.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Results from an increasing number of studies suggest that mosquito excreta/feces (E/F) testing has considerable potential to serve as a supplement for traditional molecular xenomonitoring techniques. However, as the catalogue of possible use-cases for this methodology expands, and the list of amenable pathogens grows, a number of fundamental methods-based questions remain. Answering these questions is critical to maximizing the utility of this approach and to facilitating its successful implementation as an effective tool for molecular xenomonitoring. Methods: Utilizing E/F produced by mosquitoes or tsetse flies experimentally exposed to Brugia malayi, Plasmodium falciparum, or Trypanosoma brucei brucei, factors such as limits of detection, throughput of testing, adaptability to use with competent- and incompetent-vector species, and effects of additional blood feedings post parasite-exposure were evaluated. Two platforms for the detection of pathogen signal (quantitative real-time PCR and digital PCR [dPCR]) were also compared, with strengths and weaknesses examined for each. Results: Experimental results indicated that high throughput testing is possible when evaluating mosquito E/F for the presence of either B. malayi or P. falciparum from both competent- and incompetent-vector mosquito species. Furthermore, following exposure to pathogen, providing mosquitoes with a second, uninfected bloodmeal did not expand the temporal window for E/F collection during which pathogen detection was possible. However, this collection window did appear longer in E/F collected from tsetse flies following exposure to T. b. brucei. Testing also suggested that dPCR may facilitate detection through its increased sensitivity. Unfortunately, logistical obstacles will likely make the large-scale use of dPCR impractical for this purpose. Conclusions: By examining many E/F testing variables, expansion of this technology to a field-ready platform has become increasingly feasible. However, translation of this methodology from the lab to the field will first require the completion of field-based pilot studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of E/F screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Pilotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Darren A.N. Cook
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Joseph Pryce
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Michael F. Zulch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
| | - Corrado Minetti
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Lisa J. Reimer
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Steven A. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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Feachem RGA, Chen I, Akbari O, Bertozzi-Villa A, Bhatt S, Binka F, Boni MF, Buckee C, Dieleman J, Dondorp A, Eapen A, Sekhri Feachem N, Filler S, Gething P, Gosling R, Haakenstad A, Harvard K, Hatefi A, Jamison D, Jones KE, Karema C, Kamwi RN, Lal A, Larson E, Lees M, Lobo NF, Micah AE, Moonen B, Newby G, Ning X, Pate M, Quiñones M, Roh M, Rolfe B, Shanks D, Singh B, Staley K, Tulloch J, Wegbreit J, Woo HJ, Mpanju-Shumbusho W. Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary. Lancet 2019; 394:1056-1112. [PMID: 31511196 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G A Feachem
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Chen
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Omar Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Bertozzi-Villa
- Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fred Binka
- School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Penn State, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Caroline Buckee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Dieleman
- Institute for Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arjen Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alex Eapen
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Chennai, India
| | - Neelam Sekhri Feachem
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Filler
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gething
- Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roly Gosling
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annie Haakenstad
- Institute for Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Harvard
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arian Hatefi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Jamison
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kate E Jones
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Altaf Lal
- Sun Pharma Industries, Mumbai, India
| | - Erika Larson
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Lees
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angela E Micah
- Institute for Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruno Moonen
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gretchen Newby
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Ning
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Muhammad Pate
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Martha Quiñones
- Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michelle Roh
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben Rolfe
- Asia Pacific Leaders Malaria Alliance, Singapore
| | | | - Balbir Singh
- Malaria Research Center, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jennifer Wegbreit
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Ju Woo
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Herdiana H, Sari JFK, Whittaker M. Intersectoral collaboration for the prevention and control of vector borne diseases to support the implementation of a global strategy: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204659. [PMID: 30303996 PMCID: PMC6179246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) have a major impact on public health and socio-economic development. Inter-sectoral collaboration was recommended as one of the key elements of Integrated Vector Management (IVM), however limited evidence measures the effect and contribution of intersectoral approaches including but not only IVM. This systematic review aims to assess the existing evidence on all forms of inter-sectoral collaboration in VBD control and prevention, identify any gaps and develop a framework from a global perspective. Methods Articles were identified through a search of PUBMED, Science of Direct, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar and WHO archives using key words and excluded duplications (n = 2,034). The exclusion of non-VBDs control and prevention interventions resulted in 194 eligible titles/abstract/keywords for full text assessment. Further exclusion of non-peer reviewed articles, non-declaration of ethical clearance, reviews and expert opinion articles resulted in 50 articles finally being included for analysis with the extraction of data on outcome, factor/s influencing the effectiveness, indicators of collaboration and sustainability. Results Of the 50 articles included in the analysis, 19 articles were categorized as of moderate-strong quality. All articles compared pre- and post-intervention outcomes against disease or vector variables. Three papers included outcome variables on intersectoral collaboration and participation indicator. However, no paper undertook component analysis by different sectors or different activities. Only one paper compared cost data for community-intersectoral intervention for IRS and traditional “vertical” IRS. Six factors were identified as influencing the effectiveness of inter-sectoral collaboration. Five of six factors are the main ones, namely the approach (37/47), resources (34/47), relationships (33/47), management (29/47) and shared vision (20/47) factors. A conceptual framework has been developed based on this review. Conclusion This review shows the importance of inter-sectoral collaboration to reduce VBDs or vector densities. However, very few studies measured how much inter-sectoral collaboration contributes to the impact. Further high-quality studies using inter-sectoral collaboration indicators are recommended to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxine Whittaker
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM) at James Cook University, Jakarta, Australia
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