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Zhao S, Li J, Duan S, Liu C, Wang H, Lu J, Zhao N, Sheng X, Wu Y, Li Y, Sun B, Liu L. UBQLN1 links proteostasis and mitochondria function to telomere maintenance in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:180. [PMID: 38902824 PMCID: PMC11191273 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA sequences at the chromosome ends to protect chromosomal stability, and primarily maintained by telomerase or occasionally by alternative telomere lengthening of telomeres (ALT) through recombination-based mechanisms. Additional mechanisms that may regulate telomere maintenance remain to be explored. Simultaneous measurement of telomere length and transcriptome in the same human embryonic stem cell (hESC) revealed that mRNA expression levels of UBQLN1 exhibit linear relationship with telomere length. METHODS In this study, we first generated UBQLN1-deficient hESCs and compared with the wild-type (WT) hESCs the telomere length and molecular change at RNA and protein level by RNA-seq and proteomics. Then we identified the potential interacting proteins with UBQLN1 using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms underlying the shortened telomeres in UBQLN1-deficient hESCs were analyzed. RESULTS We show that Ubiquilin1 (UBQLN1) is critical for telomere maintenance in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) via promoting mitochondrial function. UBQLN1 deficiency leads to oxidative stress, loss of proteostasis, mitochondria dysfunction, DNA damage, and telomere attrition. Reducing oxidative damage and promoting mitochondria function by culture under hypoxia condition or supplementation with N-acetylcysteine partly attenuate the telomere attrition induced by UBQLN1 deficiency. Moreover, UBQLN1 deficiency/telomere shortening downregulates genes for neuro-ectoderm lineage differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, UBQLN1 functions to scavenge ubiquitinated proteins, preventing their overloading mitochondria and elevated mitophagy. UBQLN1 maintains mitochondria and telomeres by regulating proteostasis and plays critical role in neuro-ectoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Songqi Duan
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiangtao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sheng
- Experimental Animal Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Experimental Animal Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Huang M, Liu M, Wang R, Man Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The crosstalk between glucose metabolism and telomerase regulation in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116643. [PMID: 38696988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulated alterations in metabolic control provide energy and anabolic demands for enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Exemplified by the Warburg effect, changes in glucose metabolism during cancer progression are widely recognized as a characteristic of metabolic disorders. Since telomerases are a vital factor in maintaining DNA integrity and stability, any damage threatening telomerases could have a severe impact on DNA and, subsequently, whole-cell homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether the regulation of glucose metabolism in cancer is connected to the regulation of telomerase. In this review, we present the latest insights into the crosstalk between telomerase function and glucose metabolism in cancer cells. However, at this moment this subject is not well investigated that the association is mostly indirectly regulations and few explicit regulating pathways were identified between telomerase and glucose metabolism. Therefore, the information presented in this review can provide a scientific basis for further research on the detail mechanism and the clinical application of cancer therapy, which could be valuable in improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifan Man
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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3
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Ma B, Martínez P, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Blasco MA. Telomere dynamics in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2505-2521. [PMID: 38219218 PMCID: PMC10936660 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2285551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of stem cells for regenerative therapies. Stem cell function depends on telomere maintenance mechanisms that provide them with the proliferative capacity and genome stability necessary to multiply and regenerate tissues. We show here that established human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have stable telomere length that is dependent on telomerase but not on alternative mechanisms based on homologous recombination pathways. Here, we show that human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) reprogrammed from somatic cells show progressive telomere lengthening until reaching a length similar to ESCs. hiPSCs also acquire telomeric chromatin marks of ESCs including decreased abundance of tri-methylated histone H3K9 and H4K20 and HP1 heterochromatic marks, as well as of the shelterin component TRF2. These chromatin features are accompanied with increased abundance of telomere transcripts or TERRAs. We also found that telomeres of both hESCs and hiPSCs are well protected from DNA damage during telomere elongation and once full telomere length is achieved, and exhibit stable genomes. Collectively, this study highlights that hiPSCs acquire ESC features during reprogramming and reveals the telomere biology in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Ma
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Li Z, Zhou H, Zhai X, Gao L, Yang M, An B, Xia T, Du G, Li X, Wang W, Jin B. MELK promotes HCC carcinogenesis through modulating cuproptosis-related gene DLAT-mediated mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:733. [PMID: 37949877 PMCID: PMC10638394 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cuproptosis caused by copper overload is mediated by a novel regulatory mechanism that differs from previously documented mechanisms regulating cell death. Cells dependent on mitochondrial respiration showed increased sensitivity to a copper ionophore elesclomol that induced cuproptosis. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase(MELK) promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression through the PI3K/mTOR pathway, which exerts its effects partly by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) and reprogramming the morphology and function of mitochondria. However, the role of MELK in cuproptosis remains unclear. Here, we validated that elevated MELK expression enhanced the activity of PI3K/mTOR signaling and subsequently promoted Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase (DLAT) expression and stabilized mitochondrial function. This regulatory effect helped to improve mitochondrial respiration, eliminate excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduce intracellular oxidative stress/damage and the possibility of mitochondria-induced cell fate alternations, and ultimately promote the progression of HCC. Meanwhile, elesclomol reduced translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20(TOM 20) expression and increased DLAT oligomers. Moreover, the above changes of MELK to HCC were abolished by elesclomol. In conclusion, MELK enhanced the levels of the cuproptosis-related signature(CRS) gene DLAT (especially the proportion of DLAT monomer) by activating the PI3K/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting elesclomol drug resistance, altering mitochondrial function, and ultimately promoting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengfan Yang
- Organ Transplant Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baokun An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Organ Transplant Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Du
- Organ Transplant Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical integration and practice center of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Bin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Organ Transplant Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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5
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Xuan Y, Petersen B, Liu P. Human and Pig Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Cellular Products to Organogenesis and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2075. [PMID: 37626885 PMCID: PMC10453631 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important for studying development and hold great promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the potential applications of both human and pig PSCs and provide an overview of the current progress and challenges in this field. In addition to exploring the therapeutic uses of PSC-derived cellular products, we also shed light on their significance in the study of interspecies chimeras, which has led to the creation of transplantable human or humanized pig organs. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of pig PSCs as an ideal cell source for genetic engineering, facilitating the development of genetically modified pigs for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Despite the achievements that have been made, further investigations and refinement of PSC technologies are necessary to unlock their full potential in regenerative medicine and effectively address critical healthcare challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Xuan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Björn Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany;
| | - Pentao Liu
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Organismal aging exhibits wide-ranging hallmarks in divergent cell types across tissues, organs, and systems. The advancement of single-cell technologies and generation of rich datasets have afforded the scientific community the opportunity to decode these hallmarks of aging at an unprecedented scope and resolution. In this review, we describe the technological advancements and bioinformatic methodologies enabling data interpretation at the cellular level. Then, we outline the application of such technologies for decoding aging hallmarks and potential intervention targets and summarize common themes and context-specific molecular features in representative organ systems across the body. Finally, we provide a brief summary of available databases relevant for aging research and present an outlook on the opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China;
| | - Yusheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhejun Ji
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ,
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou H, Xie C, Xie Y, He Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu H. UBQLN1 deficiency mediates telomere shortening and IPF through interacting with RPA1. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010856. [PMID: 37463174 PMCID: PMC10381042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature telomere shortening is a known factor correlated to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) occurrence, which is a chronic, progressive, age-related disease with high mortality. The etiology of IPF is still unknown. Here, we found that UBQLN1 plays a key role in telomere length maintenance and is potentially relevant to IPF. UBQLN1 involves in DNA replication by interacting with RPA1 and shuttling it off from the replication fork. The deficiency of UBQLN1 retains RPA1 at replication fork, hinders replication and thus causes cell cycle arrest and genome instability. Especially at telomere regions of the genome, where more endogenous replication stress exists because of G rich sequences, UBQLN1 depletion leads to rapid telomere shortening in HeLa cells. It revealed that UBQLN1 depletion also shortens telomere length at mouse lung and accelerates mouse lung fibrosis. In addition, the UBQLN1 expression level in IPF patients is downregulated and correlated to poor prognosis. Altogether, these results uncover a new role of UBQLN1 in ensuring DNA replication and maintaining telomere stability, which may shed light on IPF pathogenesis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxian Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunru He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlian Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Canfeng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Pepke ML, Kvalnes T, Lundregan S, Boner W, Monaghan P, Saether BE, Jensen H, Ringsby TH. Genetic architecture and heritability of early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6360-6381. [PMID: 34825754 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early-life telomere length (TL) is associated with fitness in a range of organisms. Little is known about the genetic basis of variation in TL in wild animal populations, but to understand the evolutionary and ecological significance of TL it is important to quantify the relative importance of genetic and environmental variation in TL. In this study, we measured TL in 2746 house sparrow nestlings sampled across 20 years and used an animal model to show that there is a small heritable component of early-life TL (h2 = 0.04). Variation in TL among individuals was mainly driven by environmental (annual) variance, but also brood and parental effects. Parent-offspring regressions showed a large maternal inheritance component in TL ( h maternal 2 = 0.44), but no paternal inheritance. We did not find evidence for a negative genetic correlation underlying the observed negative phenotypic correlation between TL and structural body size. Thus, TL may evolve independently of body size and the negative phenotypic correlation is likely to be caused by nongenetic environmental effects. We further used genome-wide association analysis to identify genomic regions associated with TL variation. We identified several putative genes underlying TL variation; these have been inferred to be involved in oxidative stress, cellular growth, skeletal development, cell differentiation and tumorigenesis in other species. Together, our results show that TL has a low heritability and is a polygenic trait strongly affected by environmental conditions in a free-living bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Le Pepke
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Kvalnes
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Lundregan
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thor Harald Ringsby
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Genome-wide whole-blood transcriptome profiling across inherited bone marrow failure subtypes. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5360-5371. [PMID: 34625797 PMCID: PMC9153011 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has long been used in understanding the contribution of genes and related pathways in disease pathogenesis and susceptibility. We have performed whole-blood transcriptomic profiling in a subset of patients with inherited bone marrow failure (IBMF) whose diseases are clinically and genetically characterized as Fanconi anemia (FA), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), and dyskeratosis congenita (DC). We hypothesized that annotating whole-blood transcripts genome wide will aid in understanding the complexity of gene regulation across these IBMF subtypes. Initial analysis of these blood-derived transcriptomes revealed significant skewing toward upregulated genes in patients with FA when compared with controls. Patients with SDS or DC also showed similar skewing profiles in their transcriptional status revealing a common pattern across these different IBMF subtypes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed shared pathways involved in protein translation and elongation (ribosome constituents), RNA metabolism (nonsense-mediated decay), and mitochondrial function (electron transport chain). We further identified a discovery set of 26 upregulated genes at stringent cutoff (false discovery rate < 0.05) that appeared as a unified signature across the IBMF subtypes. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis on genetically uncharacterized patients with BMF revealed a striking overlap of genes, including 22 from the discovery set, which indicates a unified transcriptional drive across the classic (FA, SDS, and DC) and uncharacterized BMF subtypes. This study has relevance in disease pathogenesis, for example, in explaining the features (including the BMF) common to all patients with IBMF and suggests harnessing this transcriptional signature for patient benefit.
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Nolte J. Lrrc34 Interacts with Oct4 and Has an Impact on Telomere Length in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1093-1102. [PMID: 34549596 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length maintenance in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a main characteristic and a major premise for their undifferentiated long-term survival. However, little is known about the factors that control telomere length and elongation in these cells. Here, I describe Lrrc34 (leucine-rich repeat 34) as a novel telomere length regulating gene in murine embryonic stem cells. Downregulation of Lrrc34 results in significant reduction of telomerase activity and telomere length over time while also influencing the expression of known telomere length-associated genes. Generating induced PSCs (iPSCs) with Lrrc34 as a fifth factor in classical Yamanaka reprogramming increases the efficiency but did not have an impact on telomere length in the resulting iPSCs. Moreover, Lrrc34 was found to interact with Oct4, connecting the pluripotency network to telomere length regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nolte
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Feng X, Cao A, Qin T, Zhang Q, Fan S, Wang B, Song B, Yu X, Li L. Abnormally elevated ubiquilin‑1 expression in breast cancer regulates metastasis and stemness via AKT signaling. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:236. [PMID: 34528694 PMCID: PMC8453688 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin-1 (UBQLN1) is an essential factor for the maintenance of proteostasis in cells. It is important for the regulation of different protein degradation mechanisms, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathways. However, the role of UBQLN1 in cancer progression remains largely unknown. In the present study, the expression, functions and molecular mechanisms of UBQLN1 in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines were explored. Immunohistochemical and bioinformatics analyses revealed that UBQLN1 expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. UBQLN1 expression in breast cancer was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, a high UBQLN1 expression was a predictor of an unfavorable survival in patients with breast cancer. In vitro, UBQLN1 silencing markedly inhibited cell migration and invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and MMP expression. UBQLN1 silencing attenuated the stem cell-like properties of breast cancer cells, including their mammosphere-forming abilities. UBQLN1 knockdown also enhanced breast cancer cell chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. The expression levels of the stem cell markers. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Oct-4 and Sox2 were significantly decreased in the cells in which UBQLN1 was silenced, whereas breast cancer stem cells exhibited an increased expression of UBQLN1. Mechanistically, UBQLN1 knockdown inhibited the activation of AKT signaling, as revealed by the increased PTEN expression and the decreased expression of phosphorylated AKT in cells in which UBQLN1 was silenced. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that UBQLN1 is aberrantly upregulated in breast cancer and predicts a poor prognosis. The silencing of UBQLN1 inhibited the invasion, EMT and stemness of breast cancer cells, possibly via AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Feng
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Anna Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Retention of Somatic Memory Associated with Cell Identity, Age and Metabolism in Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells Reprogramming. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:251-261. [PMID: 32016780 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in 2006 marked a major breakthrough in regenerative medicine, enabling reversal of terminally differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. The embryonic stem (ES) cells-like pluripotency and unlimited self-renewal capability of iPS cells have granted them enormous potential in many applications, particularly regenerative therapy. Unlike ES cells, however, iPS cells exhibit somatic memories which were carried over from the tissue of origin thus limited its translation in clinical applications. This review provides an updated overview of the retention of various somatic memories associated with the cellular identity, age and metabolism of tissue of origin in iPS cells. The influence of cell types, stage of maturation, age and various other factors on the retention of somatic memory has been discussed. Recent evidence of somatic memory in the form of epigenetic, transcriptomic, metabolic signatures and its functional manifestations in both in vitro and in vivo settings also have been reviewed. The increasing number of studies which had adopted isogenic cell lines for comparisons in recent years had facilitated the identification of genuine somatic memories. These memories functionally affect iPS cells and its derivatives and are potentially tumorigenic thus, raising concerns on their safety in clinical application. Various approaches for memory erasure had since being reported and their efficacies were highlighted in this review.
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13
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Wang H, Gong P, Chen T, Gao S, Wu Z, Wang X, Li J, Marjani SL, Costa J, Weissman SM, Qi F, Pan X, Liu L. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell States Uncovered by Simultaneous Single-Cell Analysis of Transcriptome and Telomeres. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004320. [PMID: 33898197 PMCID: PMC8061397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) presumably contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance, yet their definitive features have remained elusive. Here, simultaneous measurement of telomere length and transcriptome in the same cells enables systematic assessment of CSCs in primary colorectal cancer (CRC). The in-depth transcriptome profiled by SMART-seq2 is independently validated by high-throughput scRNA-seq using 10 × Genomics. It is found that rare CSCs exist in dormant state and display plasticity toward cancer epithelial cells (EPCs) that essentially are presumptive tumor-initiating cells (TICs), while both retaining the prominent signaling pathways including WNT, TGF-β, and HIPPO/YAP. Moreover, CSCs exhibit chromosome copy number variation (CNV) pattern resembling cancer EPCs but distinct from normal stem cells, suggesting the phylogenetic relationship between CSCs and cancer EPCs. Notably, CSCs maintain shorter telomeres and possess minimal telomerase activity consistent with their nonproliferative nature, unlike cancer EPCs. Additionally, the specific signature of CSCs particularly NOTUM, SMOC2, BAMBI, PHLDA1, and TNFRSF19 correlates with the prognosis of CRC. These findings characterize the heterogeneity of CSCs and their linkage to cancer EPCs/TICs, some of which are conventionally regarded as CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Department of GeneticsYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT06520USA
| | - Tong Chen
- EHBIO Gene Technology co., LTDBeijing100029China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- School of Mathematical SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Sadie L. Marjani
- Department of BiologyCentral Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainCT06050USA
| | - José Costa
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT06520USA
| | | | - Feng Qi
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of GeneticsYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT06520USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510515China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Single Cell Technology and ApplicationGuangzhouGuangdong Province510515China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsCollege of Life SciencesThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- Institute of Translational MedicineTianjin Union Medical CenterNankai UniversityTianjin300000China
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14
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Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, Foroozandeh P. Aging of the cells: Insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151108. [PMID: 32800277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular theory of aging states that human aging is the result of cellular aging, in which an increasing proportion of cells reach senescence. Senescence, from the Latin word senex, means "growing old," is an irreversible growth arrest which occurs in response to damaging stimuli, such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and oncogenic stress leading to suppression of potentially dysfunctional, transformed, or aged cells. Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, flattened and enlarged morphology, resistance to apoptosis, alteration in gene expression and chromatin structure, expression of senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acquisition of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review paper, different types of cellular senescence including replicative senescence (RS) which occurs due to telomere shortening and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) which occurs in response to different types of stress in cells, are discussed. Biomarkers of cellular senescence and senescent assays including BrdU incorporation assay, senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci assays to detect senescent cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Shaheera Mohamad Kamal
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Foroozandeh
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
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15
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Wang H, Gong P, Li J, Fu Y, Zhou Z, Liu L. Role of CD133 in human embryonic stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:208. [PMID: 32460847 PMCID: PMC7251672 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hold great potential for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. One of the major hurdles hindering the clinical development of PSC-based therapy is the potential risk of tumorigenesis. CD133 (Prominin 1, PROM1) is a transmembrane protein whose mRNA and glycosylated forms are highly expressed in many human cancer cell types. CD133 also serves as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker associated with cancer progression and patient outcome. Interestingly, CD133 is highly expressed in hESCs as well as in human preimplantation embryos, but its function in hESCs has remained largely unknown. Methods CD133 knockout hESC WA26 cell line was generated with CRISPR/Cas9. CD133 knockout and wide type hESC lines were subjected to pluripotency, proliferation, telomere biology, and teratoma tests; the related global changes and underlying mechanisms were further systemically analyzed by RNA-seq. Results CD133 deficiency did not affect hESC pluripotency or in vivo differentiation into three germ layers but significantly decreased cell proliferation. RNA-seq revealed that CD133 deficiency dysregulated the p53, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and Wnt signaling pathways. Alterations in these pathways have been implicated in tumor proliferation and apoptotic escape. Conclusions Our data imply that CD133 could be an additional target and used as a selective marker to sort and eliminate undifferentiated cells in reducing potential teratoma formation risk of hESCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yudong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Epigenetic Features of Human Perinatal Stem Cells Redefine Their Stemness Potential. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051304. [PMID: 32456308 PMCID: PMC7290760 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human perinatal stem cells (SCs) can be isolated from fetal annexes without ethical or safety limitations. They are generally considered multipotent; nevertheless, their biological characteristics are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the pluripotency potential of human perinatal SCs as compared to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Despite the low expression of the pluripotent factors NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and C-KIT in perinatal SC, we observed minor differences in the promoters DNA-methylation profile of these genes with respect to hiPSCs; we also demonstrated that in perinatal SCs miR-145-5p had an inverse trend in comparison to these stemness markers, suggesting that NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 were regulated at the post-transcriptional level. The reduced expression of stemness markers was also associated with shorter telomere lengths and shift of the oxidative metabolism between hiPSCs and fetal annex-derived cells. Our findings indicate the differentiation ability of perinatal SCs might not be restricted to the mesenchymal lineage due to an epigenetic barrier, but other regulatory mechanisms such as telomere shortening or metabolic changes might impair their differentiation potential and challenge their clinical application.
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17
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Bilz NC, Willscher E, Binder H, Böhnke J, Stanifer ML, Hübner D, Boulant S, Liebert UG, Claus C. Teratogenic Rubella Virus Alters the Endodermal Differentiation Capacity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080870. [PMID: 31405163 PMCID: PMC6721684 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of congenital virus infections in humans requires suitable ex vivo platforms for the species-specific events during embryonal development. A prominent example for these infections is rubella virus (RV) which most commonly leads to defects in ear, heart, and eye development. We applied teratogenic RV to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) followed by differentiation into cells of the three embryonic lineages (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) as a cell culture model for blastocyst- and gastrulation-like stages. In the presence of RV, lineage-specific differentiation markers were expressed, indicating that lineage identity was maintained. However, portrait analysis of the transcriptomic expression signatures of all samples revealed that mock- and RV-infected endodermal cells were less related to each other than their ecto- and mesodermal counterparts. Markers for definitive endoderm were increased during RV infection. Profound alterations of the epigenetic landscape including the expression level of components of the chromatin remodeling complexes and an induction of type III interferons were found, especially after endodermal differentiation of RV-infected iPSCs. Moreover, the eye field transcription factors RAX and SIX3 and components of the gene set vasculogenesis were identified as dysregulated transcripts. Although iPSC morphology was maintained, the formation of embryoid bodies as three-dimensional cell aggregates and as such cellular adhesion capacity was impaired during RV infection. The correlation of the molecular alterations induced by RV during differentiation of iPSCs with the clinical signs of congenital rubella syndrome suggests mechanisms of viral impairment of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Bilz
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janik Böhnke
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denise Hübner
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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The role of telomere-binding modulators in pluripotent stem cells. Protein Cell 2019; 11:60-70. [PMID: 31350723 PMCID: PMC6949317 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ESCs derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer (ntESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have unlimited capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency and can give rise to all types of somatic cells. In order to maintain their self-renewal and pluripotency, PSCs need to preserve their telomere length and homeostasis. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that telomere reprogramming is essential for stem cell pluripotency maintenance and its induced pluripotency process. Telomere-associated proteins are not only required for telomere maintenance in both stem cells, their extra-telomeric functions have also been found to be critical as well. Here, we will discuss how telomeres and telomere-associated factors participate and regulate the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency.
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19
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Mensà E, Latini S, Ramini D, Storci G, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. The telomere world and aging: Analytical challenges and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:27-42. [PMID: 30615937 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, the terminal nucleoprotein structures of eukaryotic chromosomes, play pleiotropic functions in cellular and organismal aging. Telomere length (TL) varies throughout life due to the influence of genetic factors and to a complex balancing between "shortening" and "elongation" signals. Telomerase, the only enzyme that can elongate a telomeric DNA chain, and telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), a long non-coding RNA involved in looping maintenance, play key roles in TL during life. Despite recent advances in the knowledge of TL, TERRA and telomerase activity (TA) biology and their measurement techniques, the experimental and theoretical issues involved raise a number of problems that should carefully be considered by researchers approaching the "telomere world". The increasing use of such parameters - hailed as promising clinically relevant biomarkers - has failed to be paralleled by the development of automated and standardized measurement technology. Consequently, associating given TL values to specific pathological conditions involves on the one hand technological issues and on the other clinical-biological issues related to the planning of clinically relevant association studies. Addressing these issues would help avoid major biases in association studies involving TL and a number of outcomes, especially those focusing on psychological and bio-behavioral variables. The main challenge in telomere research is the development of accurate and reliable measurement methods to achieve simple and sensitive TL, TERRA, and TA detection. The discovery of the localization of telomeres and TERRA in cellular and extracellular compartments had added an additional layer of complexity to the measurement of these age-related biomarkers. Since combined analysis of TL, TERRA and TA may well provide more exhaustive clinical information than a single parameter, we feel it is important for researchers in the various fields to become familiar with their most common measurement techniques and to be aware of the respective merits and drawbacks of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Latini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Storci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Biosciences Laboratory, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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