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Yan X, Zhao X, Du Y, Wang H, Liu L, Wang Q, Liu J, Wei S. Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: A longitudinal community-based population study in China. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 145:107075. [PMID: 38697605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the dynamics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and their efficacy against COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal serological analysis of 852 breakthrough COVID-19 infections among the community-based population in Yichang, China. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured by chemiluminescence at approximately 3, 4, and 9 months after infection. A linear mixed model predicted IgG antibody decline over 18 months. The effectiveness of antibodies in preventing symptomatic and severe infections was determined using an existing meta-regression model. RESULTS IgG antibodies slowly declined after breakthrough infections. Initially high at around 3 months (339.44 AU/mL, IQR: 262.78-382.95 AU/mL), levels remained significant at 9 months (297.74 AU/mL, IQR: 213.22-360.62 AU/mL). The elderly (≥60 years) had lower antibody levels compared to the young (<20 years) (P < 0.001). The protective efficacy of antibodies against symptomatic and severe infections was lower in the elderly (≥60 years) (78.34% and 86.33%) compared to the young (<20 years) (96.56% and 98.75%) after 1 year. CONCLUSION The study indicated a slow decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, maintaining considerable efficacy for over 1 year. However, lower levels in the elderly suggest reduced protective effects, underscoring the need for age-specific vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Du
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Aguilar R, Jiménez A, Santano R, Vidal M, Maiga-Ascofare O, Strauss R, Bonney J, Agbogbatey M, Goovaerts O, Boham EEA, Adu EA, Cuamba I, Ramírez-Morros A, Dutta S, Angov E, Zhan B, Izquierdo L, Santamaria P, Mayor A, Gascón J, Ruiz-Comellas A, Molinos-Albert LM, Amuasi JH, Awuah AAA, Adriaensen W, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Malaria and other infections induce polyreactive antibodies that impact SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity estimations in endemic settings. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29713. [PMID: 38874194 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence is used to estimate the proportion of individuals within a population previously infected, to track viral transmission, and to monitor naturally and vaccine-induced immune protection. However, in sub-Saharan African settings, antibodies induced by higher exposure to pathogens may increase unspecific seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, resulting in false positive responses. To investigate the level and type of unspecific seroreactivitiy to SARS-CoV-2 in Africa, we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM to a broad panel of antigens from different pathogens by Luminex in 602 plasma samples from African and European subjects differing in coronavirus disease 2019, malaria, and other exposures. Seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was higher in prepandemic African than in European samples and positively correlated with antibodies against human coronaviruses, helminths, protozoa, and especially Plasmodium falciparum. African subjects presented higher levels of autoantibodies, a surrogate of polyreactivity, which correlated with P. falciparum and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Finally, we found an improved sensitivity in the IgG assay in African samples when using urea as a chaotropic agent. In conclusion, our data suggest that polyreactive antibodies induced mostly by malaria are important mediators of the unspecific anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, and that the use of dissociating agents in immunoassays could be useful for more accurate estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in African settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oumou Maiga-Ascofare
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Strauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Bonney
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Melvin Agbogbatey
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Odin Goovaerts
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric E A Boham
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evan A Adu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Inocencia Cuamba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joaquim Gascón
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | | | - John H Amuasi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony A-A Awuah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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Scibona P, Burgos Pratx LD, Savoy N, Recart D, Elia Y, Seoane FN, Arrigo D, Portalis MR, Roldan A, Cassoratti BA, Diaz JC, Antonelli CE, Perez L, Posadas-Martinez L, Belloso WH, Simonovich V. Long-term antibody titers variation in unvaccinated patients receiving convalescent plasma or placebo for severe SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103785. [PMID: 37620184 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma (CP) became a prominent treatment in the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In Argentina, a randomized clinical trial was executed to compare the use of CP in inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia versus placebo. No differences in clinical outcomes or overall mortality between groups were observed. We conducted a cohort study in outpatients enrolled in the trial to describe long-term antibody titer variations between CP and placebo recipients. METHODS Patients' total SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against spike protein were collected 3, 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge from August 2020 to December 2021. In addition, reinfections, deaths and vaccination status were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed using antibody geometric mean titers (GMT). All estimations were made considering the date of the trial infusion (placebo or CP) as time 0. RESULTS From the 93 patients included in the follow-up, 64 had received CP and 29 placebo. We excluded all 12-month measurements because they were collected after the patients' vaccination date. At 90 days post-infusion, patients had an antibody GMT of 8.1 (IQR 7.4-8.1) in the CP group and 8.8 (IQR 8.1-9.1) in the placebo group. At 180 days, both groups had a GMT of 8.1 (IQR 7.4-8.1). No statistical differences in GMT were found between CP and placebo groups at 90 days (p = 0.12) and 180 days (p = 0.25). No patients registered a new COVID-19 infection; one died in the CP group from an ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS No differences were observed in long-term antibody titers in unvaccinated patients that received CP or placebo after severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Scibona
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Daniel Burgos Pratx
- Transfusional Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Savoy
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delfina Recart
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yasmin Elia
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Nahuel Seoane
- Virology Section, Central Laboratory, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Arrigo
- Virology Section, Central Laboratory, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximo Rousseau Portalis
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121A6B Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Roldan
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121A6B Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Julio Cesar Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121A6B Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucia Perez
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Posadas-Martinez
- Department of Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Waldo H Belloso
- Terra Nova Innovation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ventura Simonovich
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 C1199, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Violán C, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Collatuzzo G, Ditano G, Abedini M, Janke C, Reinkemeyer C, Giang LTT, Liviero F, Scapellato ML, Mauro M, Rui F, Porru S, Spiteri G, Monaco MGL, Carta A, Otelea M, Rascu A, Fabiánová E, Klöslová Z, Boffetta P, Torán-Monserrat P. Multimorbidity and Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Nine Months after 1st Vaccine Dose: European Cohort of Healthcare Workers-Orchestra Project. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1340. [PMID: 37631908 PMCID: PMC10459685 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding antibody persistence concerning multimorbidity is crucial for vaccination policies. Our goal is to assess the link between multimorbidity and serological response to SARS-CoV-2 nine months post-first vaccine. We analyzed Healthcare Workers (HCWs) from three cohorts from Italy, and one each from Germany, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain. Seven groups of chronic diseases were analyzed. We included 2941 HCWs (78.5% female, 73.4% ≥ 40 years old). Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs. The prevalence of each chronic condition ranged between 1.9% (cancer) to 10.3% (allergies). Two regression models were fitted, one considering the chronic conditions groups and the other considering whether HCWs had diseases from ≥2 groups. Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs, and higher 9-months post-vaccine anti-S levels were significantly associated with having received three doses of the vaccine (RR = 2.45, CI = 1.92-3.13) and with having a prior COVID-19 infection (RR = 2.30, CI = 2.15-2.46). Conversely, lower levels were associated with higher age (RR = 0.94, CI = 0.91-0.96), more time since the last vaccine dose (RR = 0.95, CI = 0.94-0.96), and multimorbidity (RR = 0.89, CI = 0.80-1.00). Hypertension is significantly associated with lower anti-S levels (RR = 0.87, CI = 0.80-0.95). The serological response to vaccines is more inadequate in individuals with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Violán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les Seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (2021 SGR 01537), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) (RD21/0016/0029), Insitituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Ctra. de Barcelona, 473, Sabadell, 08204 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucía A. Carrasco-Ribelles
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les Seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) (2021 SGR 01537), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) (RD21/0016/0029), Insitituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, Leopoldstraße 5, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU Klinikum, Leopoldstraße 5, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.J.); (C.R.)
| | - Le Thi Thu Giang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Filippo Liviero
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Marcella Mauro
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rui
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Carta
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (A.C.)
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Otelea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (M.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Agripina Rascu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (M.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; (E.F.); (Z.K.)
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Klöslová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, 97556 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; (E.F.); (Z.K.)
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.); (M.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Mataró, Spain; (L.A.C.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Direcció d’Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Ctra. de Barcelona, 473, Sabadell, 08204 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17001 Girona, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society (GREMSAS) (2021 SGR 01484), Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mare de Déu de Guadalupe, 08303 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3862. [PMID: 36890175 PMCID: PMC9992915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants are key for the understanding of COVID-19. The identification of vulnerable populations to the infection and to its socioeconomic impact is indispensable for inclusive policies. We conducted an age-stratified cross-sectional community-based seroprevalence survey between June 12th and 19th 2020-during the easing of lockdown-in Cizur, Spain. We quantified IgG, IgM and IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain in a sample of 728 randomly selected, voluntarily registered inhabitants. We estimated a 7.9% seroprevalence in the general population, with the lowest seroprevalence among children under ten (n = 3/142, 2.1%) and the highest among adolescents (11-20 years old, n = 18/159, 11.3%). We found a heterogeneous immune-response profile across participants regarding isotype/antigen-specific seropositivity, although levels generally correlated. Those with technical education level were the most financially affected. Fifty-five percent had visited a supermarket and 43% a sanitary centre since mid-February 2020. When comparing by gender, men had left the household more frequently. In conclusion, few days after strict lockdown, the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection was the lowest in children under 10. The findings also suggest that a wider isotype-antigen panel confers higher sensitivity. Finally, the economic impact biases should be considered when designing public health measures.
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6
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Petersen MS, Pérez-Alós L, Armenteros JJA, Hansen CB, Fjallsbak JP, Larsen S, Hansen JL, Jarlhelt I, Kristiansen MF, Við Streym F, Á Steig B, Christiansen DH, Møller LF, Strøm M, Andorsdóttir G, Gaini S, Weihe P, Garred P. Factors influencing the immune response over 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal population-wide study in the Faroe Islands. J Intern Med 2023; 293:63-81. [PMID: 35996938 PMCID: PMC9539344 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and the resulting immunity to COVID-19 is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In this nationwide, longitudinal study, we determined antibody response in 411 patients aged 0-93 years from two waves of infections (March to December 2020) contributing 1063 blood samples. Each individual had blood drawn on 4-5 occasions 1-15 months after disease onset. We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody using a qualitative RBD sandwich ELISA, IgM, IgG and IgA levels using an quantitative in-house ELISA-based assay and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) using an in-house ELISA-based pseudoneutralizing assay. IgG subclasses were analyzed in a subset of samples by ELISA-based assay. We used nonlinear models to study the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and its influence over time. RESULTS After 15 months, 94% still had detectable circulating antibodies, mainly the IgG isotype, and 92% had detectable NAbs. The distribution of IgG antibodies varied significantly over time, characterized by a biphasic pattern with an initial decline followed by a plateau after approximately 7 months. However, the NAbs remained relatively stable throughout the period. The strength of the antibody response was influenced by smoking and hospitalization, with lower IgG levels in smokers and higher levels in hospitalized individuals. Antibody stability over time was mainly associated with male sex and older age with higher initial levels but more marked decrease. CONCLUSIONS The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection varies depending on behavioral factors and disease severity, and antibody stability over 15 months was associated with sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan A Armenteros
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cecilie B Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sólrun Larsen
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marnar F Kristiansen
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fríða Við Streym
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjarni Á Steig
- COVID-19 Task Force, Ministry of Health, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | | | - Marin Strøm
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shahin Gaini
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Ansari N, Nisar MI, Khalid F, Mehmood U, Usmani AA, Shaheen F, Hotwani A, Begum K, Barkat A, Yoshida S, Manu AA, Sazawal S, Baqui AH, Bahl R, Jehan F. Prevalence and risk factors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in women and children in peri-urban communities in Pakistan: A prospective cohort study. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05055. [PMID: 36527274 PMCID: PMC9757617 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.95955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based seroepidemiological surveys provide accurate estimates of disease burden. We compare the COVID-19 prevalence estimates from two serial serological surveys and the associated risk factors among women and children in a peri-urban area of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods The AMANHI-COVID-19 study enrolled women and children between November 2020 and March 2021. Blood samples were collected from March to June 2021 (baseline) and September to December 2021 (follow-up) to test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ROCHE Elecsys®. Participants were visited or called weekly during the study for recording symptoms of COVID-19. We report the proportion of participants with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and symptoms in each survey and describe infection risk factors using step-wise binomial regression analysis. Results The adjusted seroprevalence among women was 45.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 42.6-47.9) and 82.3% (95% CI = 79.9-84.4) at baseline and follow-up survey, respectively. Among children, it was 18.4% (95% CI = 16.1-20.7) and 57.4% (95% CI = 54.3-60.3) at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Of the women who were previously seronegative, 404 (74.4%) tested positive at the follow-up survey, as did 365 (50.4%) previously seronegative children. There was a high proportion of asymptomatic infection. At baseline, being poorest and lacking access to safe drinking water lowered the risk of infection for both women (risk ratio (RR) = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-0.9 and RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.4, respectively) and children (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.0 and RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-1.8, respectively). At the follow-up survey, the risk of infection was lower for underweight women and children (RR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3-0.7 and RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-0.8, respectively) and for women in the 30-39 years age group and children who were 24-36 months of age (RR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9 and RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-0.9, respectively). In both surveys, paternal employment was an important predictor of seropositivity among children (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9 and RR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-1.0, respectively). Conclusion There was a high rate of seroconversion among women and children. Infection was generally mild. Parental education plays an important role in protection of children from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Muhammad I Nisar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Usma Mehmood
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Asra A Usmani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Fariha Shaheen
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Kehkashan Begum
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Amina Barkat
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Sachiyo Yoshida
- Department for Maternal, Child, Adolescents and Ageing Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Manu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sunil Sazawal
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, Global Division, LGL Vinoba Puri, Lajpat Nagar II, New Delhi, India,Public Health Laboratory-IDC, Chake Chake, Pemba, Tanzania
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajiv Bahl
- Department for Maternal, Child, Adolescents and Ageing Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
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8
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Ruiz-Olalla G, Rubio R, Vidal M, Prados de la Torre E, Jairoce C, Mitchell RA, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Zanoncello J, Aguilar R, Vidal-Alaball J, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Eleven-month longitudinal study of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 exposed and naïve primary health care workers upon COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology 2022; 167:528-543. [PMID: 36065677 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the kinetics of antibody responses to Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year after the start of vaccination rollout, the world faced a peak of cases associated with the highly contagious Omicron variant of concern (VoC) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens over five cross-sectional visits (January-November 2021), and the determinants of pre-booster immunoglobulin levels, in a prospective cohort of vaccinated primary health care workers in Catalonia, Spain. Antibodies against S antigens after a full primary vaccination course, mostly with BNT162b2, decreased steadily over time and were higher in pre-exposed (n = 247) than naïve (n = 200) individuals, but seropositivity was maintained at 100% (100% IgG, 95.5% IgA, 30.6% IgM) up to 319 days after the first dose. Antibody binding to variants of concern was highly maintained for IgG compared to wild type but significantly reduced for IgA and IgM, particularly for Beta and Gamma. Factors significantly associated with longer-term antibodies included age, sex, occupation, smoking, adverse reaction to vaccination, levels of pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interval between disease onset and vaccination, hospitalization, oxygen supply, post COVID and symptomatology. Earlier morning vaccination hours were associated with higher IgG responses in pre-exposed participants. Symptomatic breakthroughs occurred in 9/447 (2.01%) individuals, all among naïve (9/200, 4.5%) and generally boosted antibody responses. Additionally, an increase in IgA and/or IgM seropositivity to variants, and N seroconversion at later time points (6.54%), indicated asymptomatic breakthrough infections, even among pre-exposed. Seropositivity remained highly stable over almost a year after vaccination. However, gradually waning of anti-S IgGs that correlate with neutralizing activity, coupled to evidence of an increase in breakthrough infections during the Delta and Omicron predominance, provides a rationale for booster immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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9
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Rubio R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal-Alaball J, Macià D, Catalina QM, Vidal M, Casanovas AF, Prados de la Torre E, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Zanoncello J, Melero NR, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Sustained seropositivity up to 20.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:379. [PMID: 36224590 PMCID: PMC9556137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the persistence of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, followed up since the start of the pandemic. The study also assesses factors affecting antibody levels, including comorbidities and the responses to variants of concern as well as the frequency of reinfections. Despite a gradual and significant decline in antibody levels with time, seropositivity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens combined was always higher than 90% over the whole study period. In a subset of 23 participants who had not yet been vaccinated by November 2021, seropositivity remained at 95.65% (47.83% IgM, 95.65% IgA, 95.65% IgG). IgG seropositivity against Alpha and Delta predominant variants was comparable to that against the Wuhan variant, while it was lower for Gamma and Beta (minority) variants and for IgA and IgM. Antibody levels at the time point closest to infection were associated with age, smoking, obesity, hospitalization, fever, anosmia/hypogeusia, chest pain, and hypertension in multivariable regression models. Up to 1 year later, just before the massive roll out of vaccination, antibody levels were associated with age, occupation, hospitalization, duration of symptoms, anosmia/hypogeusia, fever, and headache. In addition, tachycardia and cutaneous symptoms associated with slower antibody decay, and oxygen supply with faster antibody decay. Eight reinfections (3.23%) were detected in low responders, which is consistent with a sustained protective role for anti-spike naturally acquired antibodies. Stable persistence of IgG and IgA responses and cross-recognition of the predominant variants circulating in the 2020-2021 period indicate long-lasting and largely variant-transcending humoral immunity in the initial 20.5 months of the pandemic, in the absence of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Fuster Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Esther Prados de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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10
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Socan M, Prosenc K, Kukec A, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Remec T, Grmek-Kosnik I. Determinants of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in hospital staff in the second wave of the pandemic in Slovenia. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:571-584. [PMID: 35856815 PMCID: PMC10464744 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) affected a disproportionately high percentage of healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in nurses and clinicians working in 2 Slovenian regional hospitals, and to identify the factors associated with seropositivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was designed as a crosssectional study. Clinicians and nurses were invited to participate in November-December 2020. The respondents (813, 65.8%) completed a questionnaire and consented to provide 10 ml of blood for determining the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. RESULTS The authors observed a seroprevalence rate of 20.4%. The results of the univariate analysis proved that the age of a nurse or clinician was the factor most strongly associated with seropositivity - in fact, the youngest nurses and clinicians were 8.33 times more likely to be seropositive than those in the oldest age group (p = 0.041). Being in contact with a family/household member who was SARS-CoV-2-positive was also a very important factor. In the work-related factors group, being in the contact with a SARS-CoV-2-positive colleague (OR = 2.35, p = 0.026) or being in contact with a COVID-19 patient (OR = 1.96, p = 0.004) correlated with seropositivity. In the primary work location/department group, the only significant association appeared among those working in surgical, ENT or ophthalmology departments. The results of the multivariate analysis further supported the thesis that the age of nurses and clinicians was the factor most strongly associated with seropositivity. The youngest nurses and clinicians were 12.5 times more likely to be seropositive than those in the oldest age group (p = 0.024). Being in contact with a SARS-CoV-2-positive family/household member remained the second most important factor. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of clinicians and nurses working in secondary healthcare were infected in the first 9 months of the pandemic. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(5):571-84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Centre for Communicable Diseases)
| | - Katarina Prosenc
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Laboratory for Public Health Virology)
| | - Andreja Kukec
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Medical Faculty, Chair for Public Health)
| | | | - Tatjana Remec
- Novo Mesto General Hospital, Novo Mesto, Slovenia (Department for Infectious Diseases)
| | - Irena Grmek-Kosnik
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, Kranj, Slovenia (Laboratory for Human Microbiology)
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11
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Flacco ME, Acuti Martellucci C, Baccolini V, De Vito C, Renzi E, Villari P, Manzoli L. Risk of reinfection and disease after SARS-CoV-2 primary infection: Meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13845. [PMID: 35904405 PMCID: PMC9353414 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions previously infected subjects. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of reinfection and COVID-19 following primary infection. METHODS We searched MedLine, Scopus and preprint repositories for cohort studies evaluating the onset of new infections among baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. Random-effect meta-analyses of proportions were stratified by gender, exposure risk, vaccination status, viral strain, time between episodes, and reinfection definition. RESULTS Ninety-one studies, enrolling 15,034,624 subjects, were included. Overall, 158,478 reinfections were recorded, corresponding to a pooled rate of 0.97% (95% CI: 0.71%-1.27%), with no substantial differences by definition criteria, exposure risk or gender. Reinfection rates were still 0.66% after ≥12 months from first infection, and the risk was substantially lower among vaccinated subjects (0.32% vs. 0.74% for unvaccinated individuals). During the first 3 months of Omicron wave, the reinfection rates reached 3.31%. Overall rates of severe/lethal COVID-19 were very low (2-7 per 10,000 subjects according to definition criteria) and were not affected by strain predominance. CONCLUSIONS A strong natural immunity follows the primary infection and may last for more than one year, suggesting that the risk and health care needs of recovered subjects might be limited. Although the reinfection rates considerably increased during the Omicron wave, the risk of a secondary severe or lethal disease remained very low. The risk-benefit profile of multiple vaccine doses for this subset of population needs to be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Renzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Rubio R, Aguilar R, Bustamante M, Muñoz E, Vázquez-Santiago M, Santano R, Vidal M, Melero NR, Parras D, Serra P, Santamaria P, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Gómez-Roig MD, Dobaño C, Moncunill G, Mazarico E. Maternal and neonatal immune response to SARS-CoV-2, IgG transplacental transfer and cytokine profile. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999136. [PMID: 36238312 PMCID: PMC9552073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 than non-pregnant women and have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like intrauterine/fetal distress and preterm birth. However, little is known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and neonatal immunological profiles. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in maternal and cord blood paired samples. Thirty-six pregnant women were recruited at delivery at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain, between April-August 2020, before having COVID-19 available vaccines. Maternal and pregnancy variables, as well as perinatal outcomes, were recorded in questionnaires. Nasopharyngeal swabs and maternal and cord blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR and serology, respectively. We measured IgM, IgG and IgA levels to 6 SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike [S], S1, S2, receptor-binding domain [RBD], nucleocapsid [N] full-length and C-terminus), IgG to N from 4 human coronaviruses (OC43, HKU1, 229E and NL63), and the concentrations of 30 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors by Luminex. Mothers were classified as infected or non-infected based on the rRT-PCR and serology results. Sixty-four % of pregnant women were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (positive by rRT-PCR during the third trimester and/or serology just after delivery). None of the newborns tested positive for rRT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers had increased levels of virus-specific antibodies and several cytokines. Those with symptoms had higher cytokine levels. IFN-α was increased in cord blood from infected mothers, and in cord blood of symptomatic mothers, EGF, FGF, IL-17 and IL-15 were increased, whereas RANTES was decreased. Maternal IgG and cytokine levels showed positive correlations with their counterparts in cord blood. rRT-PCR positive mothers showed lower transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs, with a stronger effect when infection was closer to delivery. SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers carrying a male fetus had higher antibody levels and higher EGF, IL-15 and IL-7 concentrations. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy induces a robust antibody and cytokine response at delivery and causes a significant reduction of the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs transplacental transfer, with a stronger negative effect when the infection is closer to delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica Muñoz
- Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vázquez-Santiago
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmunity department, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Gómez-Roig
- Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gemma Moncunill, ; Carlota Dobaño,
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gemma Moncunill, ; Carlota Dobaño,
| | - Edurne Mazarico
- Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Karachaliou M, Moncunill G, Espinosa A, Castaño-Vinyals G, Rubio R, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Prados E, Carreras A, Cortés B, Blay N, Bañuls M, Pleguezuelos V, Melero NR, Serra P, Parras D, Izquierdo L, Santamaría P, Carolis C, Papantoniou K, Goldberg X, Aguilar R, Garcia-Aymerich J, de Cid R, Kogevinas M, Dobaño C. SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and antibody response trajectories in adults: a cohort study in Catalonia. BMC Med 2022; 20:347. [PMID: 36109713 PMCID: PMC9479347 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of the population in relation to infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and host characteristics is likely reflected in the underlying SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. METHODS We measured IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens in 1076 adults of a cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020 and a second time between May and July 2021. Questionnaire data and electronic health records on vaccination and COVID-19 testing were available in both periods. Data on several lifestyle, health-related, and sociodemographic characteristics were also available. RESULTS Antibody seroreversion occurred in 35.8% of the 64 participants non-vaccinated and infected almost a year ago and was related to asymptomatic infection, age above 60 years, and smoking. Moreover, the analysis on kinetics revealed that among all responses, IgG RBD, IgA RBD, and IgG S2 decreased less within 1 year after infection. Among vaccinated, 2.1% did not present antibodies at the time of testing and approximately 1% had breakthrough infections post-vaccination. In the post-vaccination era, IgM responses and those against nucleoprotein were much less prevalent. In previously infected individuals, vaccination boosted the immune response and there was a slight but statistically significant increase in responses after a 2nd compared to the 1st dose. Infected vaccinated participants had superior antibody levels across time compared to naïve-vaccinated people. mRNA vaccines and, particularly the Spikevax, induced higher antibodies after 1st and 2nd doses compared to Vaxzevria or Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. In multivariable regression analyses, antibody responses after vaccination were predicted by the type of vaccine, infection age, sex, smoking, and mental and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that infected people would benefit from vaccination. Results also indicate that hybrid immunity results in superior antibody responses and infection-naïve people would need a booster dose earlier than previously infected people. Mental diseases are associated with less efficient responses to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karachaliou
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Prados
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Blay
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Bañuls
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaría
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain. .,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Carrer Rosello 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Marinov GK, Mladenov M, Rangachev A, Alexiev I. SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274509. [PMID: 36084070 PMCID: PMC9462809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. METHODS We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. RESULTS For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi K. Marinov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Antoni Rangachev
- Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- International Center for Mathematical Sciences-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Violán C, Torán-Monserrat P, Quirant B, Lamonja-Vicente N, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Chacón C, Manresa-Dominguez JM, Ramos-Roure F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Palacios-Fernández C, Roso-Llorach A, Pujol A, Ouchi D, Monteagudo M, Montero-Alia P, Garcia-Sierra R, Arméstar F, Doladé M, Prat N, Bonet JM, Clotet B, Blanco I, Boigues-Pons M, Moreno-Millán N, Prado JG, Cáceres EMM. Kinetics of humoral immune response over 17 months of COVID-19 pandemic in a large cohort of healthcare workers in Spain: the ProHEpiC-19 study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:721. [PMID: 36057544 PMCID: PMC9439943 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for efficient monitoring and control strategies. The ProHEpic-19 cohort provides a fine-grained description of the kinetics of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection with an exceptional resolution over 17 months. Methods We established a cohort of 769 healthcare workers including healthy and infected with SARS-CoV-2 in northern Barcelona to determine the kinetics of the IgM against the nucleocapsid (N) and the IgG against the N and spike (S) of SARS-CoV-2 in infected healthcare workers. The study period was from 5 May 2020 to 11 November 2021.We used non-linear mixed models to investigate the kinetics of IgG and IgM measured at nine time points over 17 months from the date of diagnosis. The model included factors of time, gender, and disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-moderate, severe-critical) to assess their effects and their interactions. Findings 474 of the 769 participants (61.6%) became infected with SARS-CoV-2. Significant effects of gender and disease severity were found for the levels of all three antibodies. Median IgM(N) levels were already below the positivity threshold in patients with asymptomatic and mild-moderate disease at day 270 after the diagnosis, while IgG(N and S) levels remained positive at least until days 450 and 270, respectively. Kinetic modelling showed a general rise in both IgM(N) and IgG(N) levels up to day 30, followed by a decay with a rate depending on disease severity. IgG(S) levels remained relatively constant from day 15 over time. Interpretation IgM(N) and IgG(N, S) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed a heterogeneous kinetics over the 17 months. Only the IgG(S) showed a stable increase, and the levels and the kinetics of antibodies varied according to disease severity. The kinetics of IgM and IgG observed over a year also varied by clinical spectrum can be very useful for public health policies around vaccination criteria in adult population. Funding Regional Ministry of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Call COVID19-PoC SLT16_04; NCT04885478). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07696-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Violán
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain. .,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain. .,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Quirant
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology Department, FOCIS Center of Excellence-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Noemi Lamonja-Vicente
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
- Fundació Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Chacón
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Manresa-Dominguez
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc Ramos-Roure
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Palacios-Fernández
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Roso-Llorach
- Fundació Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Aleix Pujol
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Fundació Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.,AIDS Research Institute Irsicaixa, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica Monteagudo
- Fundació Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alia
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Centre d'Atenció Primària La Riera (Mataró 1), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Sierra
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Mare de Déu de Guadalupe 2, Planta 1ª, Mataro, 08303, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Doladé
- Clinical and Biochemical Analysis Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuria Prat
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Bonet
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,AIDS Research Institute Irsicaixa, Badalona, Spain.,Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Boigues-Pons
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology Department, FOCIS Center of Excellence-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nemesio Moreno-Millán
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord Institut Català de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,AIDS Research Institute Irsicaixa, Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Martínez Cáceres
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, S/N, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Biology, Physiology, Immunology Department, FOCIS Center of Excellence-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Immunology Division, Laboratori Clinic Metropolitana Nord (LCMN), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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16
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Labropoulou S, Vassilaki N, Milona RS, Terpos E, Politou M, Pappa V, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Dimopoulos MA, Mentis A, Emmanouil M, Angelakis E. Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35458488 PMCID: PMC9024518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary, as there is a great risk of reinfection and a difficulty in achieving herd immunity due to a decline in both antibody concentration and avidity. Avidity testing, however, could overcome variability in the immune response associated with sex or clinical symptoms, and thus differentiate between recent and past infections. In this context, here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and avidity in Greek hospitalized (26%) and non-hospitalized (74%) COVID-19 patients (N = 71) in the course of up to 15 months after their infection to improve the accuracy of the serological diagnosis in dating the onset of the infection. The results showed that IgG-S1 levels decline significantly at four months (p = 0.0239) in both groups of patients and are higher in hospitalized ones (up to 2.1-fold, p < 0.001). Additionally, hospitalized patients’ titers drop greatly and are equalized to non-hospitalized ones only at a time-point of twelve to fifteen months. Antibody levels of women in total remain more stable months after infection, compared to men. Furthermore, we examined the differential maturation of IgG avidity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing an incomplete maturation of avidity that results in a plateau at four months after infection. We also defined 38.2% avidity (sensitivity: 58.9%, specificity: 90.91%) as an appropriate “cut-off” that could be used to determine the stage of infection before avidity reaches a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Labropoulou
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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17
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Ameratunga R, Woon ST, Lea E, Steele R, Lehnert K, Leung E, Brooks AES. The (apparent) antibody paradox in COVID-19. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:335-345. [PMID: 35184669 PMCID: PMC8935454 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2044797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland
| | - Edward Lea
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E. S. Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland
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18
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Van Elslande J, Oyaert M, Lorent N, Weygaerde YV, Van Pottelbergh G, Godderis L, Van Ranst M, André E, Padalko E, Lagrou K, Vandendriessche S, Vermeersch P. Lower persistence of anti-nucleocapsid compared to anti-spike antibodies up to one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115659. [PMID: 35278794 PMCID: PMC8837483 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively compared the long-term evolution of IgG anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (N) levels (Abbott immunoassays) in 116 non-severe and 115 severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from 2 university hospitals up to 365 days post positive RT-PCR. IgG anti-S and anti-N antibody levels decayed exponentially up to 365 days after a peak 0 to 59 days after positive RT-PCR. Peak antibody level/cut-off ratio 0 to 59 days after positive RT-PCR was more than 70 for anti-S compared to less than 6 for anti-N (P < 0.01). Anti-S and anti-N were significantly higher in severe compared to non-severe patients up to 180 to 239 days and 300 to 365 days, respectively (P < 0.05). Despite similar half-lives, the estimated time to 50% seronegativity was more than 2 years for anti-S compared to less than 1 year for anti-N in non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients, due to the significantly higher peak antibody level/cut-off ratio for anti-S compared to anti-N.
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19
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Dobaño C, Jiménez A, Rubio R, Alonso S, Ramírez-Morros A, Vidal M, Vidal-Alaball J, Ruiz-Comellas A, García-Basteiro AL, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G. Spike-based COVID-19 immunization increases antibodies to nucleocapsid antigen. Transl Res 2022; 240:26-32. [PMID: 34710636 PMCID: PMC8546430 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to the nucleocapsid (N) antigen are suggested to be used to monitor infections after COVID-19 vaccination, as first generation subunit vaccines are based on the spike (S) protein. We used multiplex immunoassays to simultaneously measure antibody responses to different fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 S and N antigens for evaluating the immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 (Spykevax) and the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) vaccines in 445 health care workers. We report a >4-fold increase post-vaccination of IgG levels to the full length (N FL) and C-terminus of N (N CT) in 5.2% and 18.0% of individuals, respectively, and of IgA in 3.6% (N FL) and 9.0% (N CT) of them. The increase in IgG levels and avidity was more pronounced after Spykevax than Comirnaty vaccination (36.2% vs 13.1% for N CT, and 10.6% vs 3.7% for N FL). Data suggest the induction of cross-reactive antibodies against the N CT region after administering these S-based vaccines, and this should be taken into account when using N seropositivity to detect breakthroughs.
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Key Words
- spike, s
- nucleocapsid, n
- c-terminal, ct
- full length, fl
- receptor-binding domain, rbd
- median fluorescence intensity, mfi
- standard deviations, sd
- confidence intervals, ci
- interquartile range, iqr
- health care workers, hcw
- fold change, fc
- n-terminal, nt
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain; Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain; Health Promotion in Rural Areas Research Group, Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain; Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies after Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020154. [PMID: 35214613 PMCID: PMC8880181 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is considered the most important measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive follow-up studies with distinct vaccines and populations are able to promote robust and reliable data to better understand the effectiveness of this pharmacologic strategy. In this sense, we present data regarding binding and neutralizing (achieved by surrogate ELISA assay) antibodies throughout time, from vaccinated and previously infected (PI) health care workers (HCW) in Portugal. We analyzed serum samples of 132 HCW, who were vaccinated and with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Samples were collected before vaccination (baseline, M1), at second dose vaccine uptake (M2), and 25–70 days (M3) and 150–210 days (M4) after the second dose for vaccinated individuals. The IgG (anti-RBD/S) antibody geometric mean titers found on vaccinated HCW at M2 (GM = 116.1 BAU/mL; CI: 92.3–146.1) were significantly higher than those found on PI HCW at recruitment (M1) (GM = 35.9 BAU/mL; CI:15.4–83.4), and the neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were similar between these groups, of 93.2 UI/mL (95% CI 73.2–118.5) vs. 84.1 UI/mL (95% CI 40.4–155.9), respectively. We detected around 10-fold higher IgG (anti-RBD/S) antibodies titers in M3 when compared with M2, with a slight but significant decrease in titers from 36 days after the second dose vaccine uptake. The increase of nAb titers was correlated with IgG (anti-RBD/S) antibodies titers; however, in contrast to IgG (anti-RBD/S) antibodies titers, we did not detect a decrease in the nAb titer 36 days after a second vaccine dose uptake. At M4, a decrease of 8-fold in binding IgG (anti-RBD/S) and nAb was observed. No significant differences in antibody titers were observed by sex, age or chronic diseases. Our results suggest that IgG (anti-RBD/S) antibodies titers and nAb titers could be correlated, but an ongoing follow up of the cohort is required to better understand this correlation, and the duration of the immune response.
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21
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Gil-Manso S, Miguens Blanco I, López-Esteban R, Carbonell D, López-Fernández LA, West L, Correa-Rocha R, Pion M. Comprehensive Flow Cytometry Profiling of the Immune System in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793142. [PMID: 35069575 PMCID: PMC8771913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 200 million people worldwide, with more than 4 million associated deaths. Although more than 80% of infected people develop asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 can induce a profound dysregulation of the immune system. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether clinically recovered individuals present immune sequelae. The potential presence of a long-term dysregulation of the immune system could constitute a risk factor for re-infection and the development of other pathologies. Here, we performed a deep analysis of the immune system in 35 COVID-19 recovered individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to 16 healthy donors, by flow cytometry. Samples from COVID-19 individuals were analysed from 12 days to 305 days post-infection. We observed that, 10 months post-infection, recovered COVID-19 patients presented alterations in the values of some T-cell, B-cell, and innate cell subsets compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we found in recovered COVID-19 individuals increased levels of circulating follicular helper type 1 (cTfh1), plasmablast/plasma cells, and follicular dendritic cells (foDC), which could indicate that the Tfh-B-foDC axis might be functional to produce specific immunoglobulins 10 months post-infection. The presence of this axis and the immune system alterations could constitute prognosis markers and could play an important role in potential re-infection or the presence of long-term symptoms in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Manso
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria Miguens Blanco
- Department of Emergency, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Esteban
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Carbonell
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Andrés López-Fernández
- Service of Pharmacy, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lori West
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Dobaño C, Alonso S, Fernández de Sevilla M, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Pons Tomas G, Jairoce C, Melé Casas M, Rubio R, Hernández García M, Ruiz-Olalla G, Girona-Alarcón M, Barrios D, Santano R, Mitchell RA, Puyol L, Mayer L, Chi J, Rodrigo Melero N, Carolis C, Garcia-Miquel A, Bonet-Carne E, Claverol J, Cubells M, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Jou C, Muñoz-Almagro C, Izquierdo L, Bassat Q, Gratacós E, Aguilar R, García-García JJ, Moncunill G, Jordan I. Antibody conversion rates to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva from children attending summer schools in Barcelona, Spain. BMC Med 2021; 19:309. [PMID: 34809617 PMCID: PMC8608564 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance tools to estimate viral transmission dynamics in young populations are essential to guide recommendations for school opening and management during viral epidemics. Ideally, sensitive techniques are required to detect low viral load exposures among asymptomatic children. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in children and adult populations in a school-like environment during the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves using an antibody-based field-deployable and non-invasive approach. METHODS Saliva antibody conversion defined as ≥ 4-fold increase in IgM, IgA, and/or IgG levels to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens including spike and nucleocapsid constructs was evaluated in 1509 children and 396 adults by high-throughput Luminex assays in samples collected weekly in 22 summer schools and 2 pre-schools in 27 venues in Barcelona, Spain, from June 29th to July 31st, 2020. RESULTS Saliva antibody conversion between two visits over a 5-week period was 3.22% (49/1518) or 2.36% if accounting for potentially cross-reactive antibodies, six times higher than the cumulative infection rate (0.53%) assessed by weekly saliva RT-PCR screening. IgG conversion was higher in adults (2.94%, 11/374) than children (1.31%, 15/1144) (p=0.035), IgG and IgA levels moderately increased with age, and antibodies were higher in females. Most antibody converters increased both IgG and IgA antibodies but some augmented either IgG or IgA, with a faster decay over time for IgA than IgG. Nucleocapsid rather than spike was the main antigen target. Anti-spike antibodies were significantly higher in individuals not reporting symptoms than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective role against COVID-19. CONCLUSION Saliva antibody profiling including three isotypes and multiplexing antigens is a useful and user-friendlier tool for screening pediatric populations to detect low viral load exposures among children, particularly while they are not vaccinated and vulnerable to highly contagious variants, and to recommend public health policies during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain. .,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Garcia-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Bonet-Carne
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain. .,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Al-Karmalawy AA, Soltane R, Abo Elmaaty A, Tantawy MA, Antar SA, Yahya G, Chrouda A, Pashameah RA, Mustafa M, Abu Mraheil M, Mostafa A. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1317. [PMID: 34835248 PMCID: PMC8622998 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and pharmaceutical interventions. Currently, there is no specific treatment option that is capable of COVID-19 pandemic eradication, so several repurposed drugs and newly conditionally approved vaccines are in use and heavily applied to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new variants of the virus that partially or totally escape from the immune response elicited by the approved vaccines requires continuous monitoring of the emerging variants to update the content of the developed vaccines or modify them totally to match the new variants. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions including repurposed drugs and the newly developed/approved vaccines, highlighting the impact of virus evolution on the immune evasion of the virus from currently licensed vaccines for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Samar A Antar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amani Chrouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR CNRS-UCBL-ENS 5280, 5 Rue la Doua, CEDEX, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhamad Mustafa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
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24
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Marklund E, Leach S, Nyström K, Lundgren A, Liljeqvist JÅ, Nilsson S, Yilmaz A, Andersson LM, Bemark M, Gisslén M. Longitudinal Follow Up of Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers in Sweden With Several Different Commercial IgG-Assays, Measurement of Neutralizing Antibodies and CD4 + T-Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750448. [PMID: 34795668 PMCID: PMC8593002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers (HCWs) is a concern, but studies that conclusively determine whether HCWs are over-represented remain limited. Furthermore, methods used to confirm past infection vary and the immunological response after mild COVID-19 is still not well defined. Method 314 HCWs were recruited from a Swedish Infectious Diseases clinic caring for COVID-19 patients. IgG antibodies were measured using two commercial assays (Abbot Architect nucleocapsid (N)-assay and YHLO iFlash-1800 N and spike (S)-assays) at five time-points, from March 2020 to January 2021, covering two pandemic waves. Seroprevalence was assessed in matched blood donors at three time-points. More extensive analyses were performed in 190 HCWs in September/October 2020, including two additional IgG-assays (DiaSorin LiaisonXL S1/S2 and Abbot Architect receptor-binding domain (RBD)-assays), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and CD4+ T-cell reactivity using an in-house developed in vitro whole-blood assay based on flow cytometric detection of activated cells after stimulation with Spike S1-subunit or Spike, Membrane and Nucleocapsid (SMN) overlapping peptide pools. Findings Seroprevalence was higher among HCWs compared to sex and age-matched blood donors at all time-points. Seropositivity increased from 6.4% to 16.3% among HCWs between May 2020 and January 2021, compared to 3.6% to 11.9% among blood donors. We found significant correlations and high levels of agreement between NAbs and all four commercial IgG-assays. At 200-300 days post PCR-verified infection, there was a wide variation in sensitivity between the commercial IgG-assays, ranging from <30% in the N-assay to >90% in the RBD-assay. There was only moderate agreement between NAbs and CD4+ T-cell reactivity to S1 or SMN. Pre-existing CD4+ T-cell reactivity was present in similar proportions among HCW who subsequently became infected and those that did not. Conclusions HCWs in COVID-19 patient care in Sweden have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a higher rate compared to blood donors. We demonstrate substantial variation between different IgG-assays and propose that multiple serological targets should be used to verify past infection. Our data suggest that CD4+ T-cell reactivity is not a suitable measure of past infection and does not reliably indicate protection from infection in naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Marklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susannah Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aylin Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Kogevinas M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Karachaliou M, Espinosa A, de Cid R, Garcia-Aymerich J, Carreras A, Cortés B, Pleguezuelos V, Jiménez A, Vidal M, O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Cirach M, Santano R, Barrios D, Puyol L, Rubio R, Izquierdo L, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Dobaño C, Tonne C. Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Antibody Response, and COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study in Catalonia, Spain (COVICAT Study). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117003. [PMID: 34787480 PMCID: PMC8597405 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence links ambient air pollution with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, an association that is methodologically challenging to investigate. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution with SARS-CoV-2 infection measured through antibody response, level of antibody response among those infected, and COVID-19 disease. METHODS We contacted 9,605 adult participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020; most participants were between 40 and 65 years of age. We drew blood samples from 4,103 participants and measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against five viral target antigens to establish infection to the virus and levels of antibody response among those infected. We defined COVID-19 disease using self-reported hospital admission, prior positive diagnostic test, or more than three self-reported COVID-19 symptoms after contact with a COVID-19 case. We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )], nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3 ) at the residential address using hybrid land-use regression models. We calculated log-binomial risk ratios (RRs), adjusting for individual- and area-level covariates. RESULTS Among those tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 743 (18.1%) were seropositive. Air pollution levels were not statistically significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Adjusted RRs per interquartile range were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.18) for NO 2 , 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.14) for PM 2.5 , 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.09) for BC, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.06) for O 3 . Among infected participants, exposure to NO 2 and PM 2.5 were positively associated with IgG levels for all viral target antigens. Among all participants, 481 (5.0%) had COVID-19 disease. Air pollution levels were associated with COVID-19 disease: adjusted RRs = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.29) for NO 2 and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32) for PM 2.5 . Exposure to O 3 was associated with a slightly decreased risk (RR = 0.92 ; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.03). Associations of air pollution with COVID-19 disease were more pronounced for severe COVID-19, with RRs = 1.26 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.79) for NO 2 and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.16) for PM 2.5 . DISCUSSION Exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 disease and level of antibody response among infected but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Espinosa
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cortés
- Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Diana Barrios
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Lo Muzio L, Ambosino M, Lo Muzio E, Quadri MFA. SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Is a New Challenge for the Effectiveness of Global Vaccination Campaign: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11001. [PMID: 34682746 PMCID: PMC8535385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 seems to be a rare phenomenon. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic search of literature on the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in order to understand the success of the global vaccine campaigns. A systematic search was performed. Inclusion criteria included a positive RT-PCR test of more than 90 days after the initial test and the confirmed recovery or a positive RT-PCR test of more than 45 days after the initial test that is accompanied by compatible symptoms or epidemiological exposure, naturally after the confirmed recovery. Only 117 articles were included in the final review with 260 confirmed cases. The severity of the reinfection episode was more severe in 92/260 (35.3%) with death only in 14 cases. The observation that many reinfection cases were less severe than initial cases is interesting because it may suggest partial protection from disease. Another interesting line of data is the detection of different clades or lineages by genome sequencing between initial infection and reinfection in 52/260 cases (20%). The findings are useful and contribute towards the role of vaccination in response to the COVID-19 infections. Due to the reinfection cases with SARS-CoV-2, it is evident that the level of immunity is not 100% for all individuals. These data highlight how it is necessary to continue to observe all the prescriptions recently indicated in the literature in order to avoid new contagion for all people after healing from COVID-19 or becoming asymptomatic positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia (C.I.N.B.O.), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ambosino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia;
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27
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Linardou H, Spanakis N, Koliou GA, Christopoulou A, Karageorgopoulou S, Alevra N, Vagionas A, Tsoukalas N, Sgourou S, Fountzilas E, Sgouros J, Razis E, Chatzokou D, Lampaki S, Res E, Saridaki Z, Mountzios G, Saroglou G, Fountzilas G. Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cancer (ReCOVer Study): A Prospective Cohort Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4621. [PMID: 34572848 PMCID: PMC8466969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the effectiveness and safety of approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients are limited. This observational, prospective cohort study investigated the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 232 cancer patients from 12 HeCOG-affiliated oncology departments compared to 100 healthcare volunteers without known active cancer. The seropositivity rate was measured 2-4 weeks after two vaccine doses, by evaluating neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using a commercially available immunoassay. Seropositivity was defined as ≥33.8 Binding-Antibody-Units (BAU)/mL. A total of 189 patients and 99 controls were eligible for this analysis. Among patients, 171 (90.5%) were seropositive after two vaccine doses, compared to 98% of controls (p = 0.015). Most seronegative patients were males (66.7%), >70-years-old (55.5%), with comorbidities (61.1%), and on active treatment (88.9%). The median antibody titers among patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (523 vs. 2050 BAU/mL; p < 0.001). The rate of protective titers was 54.5% in patients vs. 97% in controls (p < 0.001). Seropositivity rates and IgG titers in controls did not differ for any studied factor. In cancer patients, higher antibody titers were observed in never-smokers (p = 0.006), women (p = 0.022), <50-year-olds (p = 0.004), PS 0 (p = 0.029), and in breast or ovarian vs. other cancers. Adverse events were comparable to registration trials. In this cohort study, although the seropositivity rate after two vaccine doses in cancer patients seemed satisfactory, their antibody titers were significantly lower than in controls. Monitoring of responses and further elucidation of the clinical factors that affect immunity could guide adaptations of vaccine strategies for vulnerable subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Linardou
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Spanakis
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11524 Athens, Greece;
- AlfaLab, Hellenic HealthCare Group, 11524 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia-Angeliki Koliou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Nephely Alevra
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Tsoukalas
- Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Sgourou
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Centre, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Fountzilas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic of Thessaloniki, 54645 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Joseph Sgouros
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Sofia Lampaki
- Pulmonary Department, Lung Cancer Oncology Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni Res
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.R.)
| | | | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Saroglou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Internal Medicine Department, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
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28
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Deuel JW, Schlagenhauf P. In for the long-haul? Seropositivity and sequelae 1 year post COVID-19. BMC Med 2021; 19:200. [PMID: 34517856 PMCID: PMC8437657 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Werner Deuel
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Competence Centre for Military Medicine and Biology, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Competence Centre for Military Medicine and Biology, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Gallais F, Gantner P, Bruel T, Velay A, Planas D, Wendling MJ, Bayer S, Solis M, Laugel E, Reix N, Schneider A, Glady L, Panaget B, Collongues N, Partisani M, Lessinger JM, Fontanet A, Rey D, Hansmann Y, Kling-Pillitteri L, Schwartz O, De Sèze J, Meyer N, Gonzalez M, Schmidt-Mutter C, Fafi-Kremer S. Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103561. [PMID: 34455390 PMCID: PMC8390300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in predicting risk of reinfection and durability of vaccine protection. Methods This is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, cohort clinical study. Healthcare workers (HCW) from Strasbourg University Hospital were enrolled between April 6th and May 7th, 2020 and followed up to 422 days. Serial serum samples were tested for antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein (N) to characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the incidence of reinfection. Live-neutralization assays were performed for a subset of samples before and after vaccination to analyze sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings A total of 4290 samples from 393 convalescent COVID-19 and 916 COVID-19 negative individuals were analyzed. In convalescent individuals, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies followed a triphasic kinetic model with half-lives at month (M) 11–13 of 283 days (95% CI 231–349) for anti-N and 725 days (95% CI 623–921) for anti-RBD IgG, which stabilized at a median of 1.54 log BAU/mL (95% CI 1.42–1.67). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 12.22 and 0.40 per 100 person-years in COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive HCW, respectively, indicating a relative reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of 96.7%. Live-virus neutralization assay revealed that after one year, variants D614G and B.1.1.7, but less so B.1.351, were sensitive to anti-RBD antibodies at 1.4 log BAU/mL, while IgG ≥ 2.0 log BAU/mL strongly neutralized all three variants. These latter anti-RBD IgG titers were reached by all vaccinated HCW regardless of pre-vaccination IgG levels and type of vaccine. Interpretation Our study demonstrates a long-term persistence of anti-RBD antibodies that may reduce risk of reinfection. By significantly increasing cross-neutralizing antibody titers, a single-dose vaccination strengthens protection against variants. Fun1ding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gallais
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Pierre Gantner
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Aurélie Velay
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | | | - Sophie Bayer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Morgane Solis
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Elodie Laugel
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nathalie Reix
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Anne Schneider
- CHU de Strasbourg, Département de Génétique Moléculaire du Cancer, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Ludovic Glady
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Baptiste Panaget
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- CHU de Strasbourg, Center d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1434, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Lessinger
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Department of Global Health, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - David Rey
- CHU de Strasbourg, Trait d'Union, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR Paris 3569, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Jérome De Sèze
- CHU de Strasbourg, Center d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1434, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé Publique, GMRC, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologies Professionnelles, Strasbourg F-67091, France
| | | | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg F-67091, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
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30
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Ortega N, Ribes M, Vidal M, Rubio R, Aguilar R, Williams S, Barrios D, Alonso S, Hernández-Luis P, Mitchell RA, Jairoce C, Cruz A, Jimenez A, Santano R, Méndez S, Lamoglia M, Rosell N, Llupià A, Puyol L, Chi J, Melero NR, Parras D, Serra P, Pradenas E, Trinité B, Blanco J, Mayor A, Barroso S, Varela P, Vilella A, Trilla A, Santamaria P, Carolis C, Tortajada M, Izquierdo L, Angulo A, Engel P, García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4740. [PMID: 34362897 PMCID: PMC8346582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortega
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sarah Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Angeline Cruz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Méndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Lamoglia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- School of Health Sciences TecnoCampus Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Spain
| | - Neus Rosell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Llupià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Varela
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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