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Wang W, Bi Z, Liu Y, Xia X, Qian J, Tan Y, Zhu Y, Song S, Yan L. Development of a monoclonal antibody recognizing novel linear neutralizing epitope on H protein of canine distemper virus vaccine strains (America-1 genotype). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125584. [PMID: 37391002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an economically important virus responsible for canine distemper (CD), a highly contagious disease that afflicts various animal species worldwide. The hemagglutinin (H) protein is the major neutralizing target of virus. Therefore, it is often considered as immunogen to prepare neutralizing antibodies. The accurate identification of neutralizing epitope will provide important antigenic information and extend the knowledge of mechanisms of virus neutralization. In this study, we generated a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4C6 against CDV H protein, and defined the minimal linear epitope 238DIEREFDT245, which was highly conserved in America-1 genotype of CDV strains (vaccines). The mAb 4C6 could not react with a CDV strain that had two substitutions of D238Y and R241G in the epitope, which appeared in most CDV strains of the other genotypes. Besides, a few different amino acid mutations in the epitope were also included. Collectively, the epitope 238DIEREFDT245 was variable in the other genotypes of CDV strains. The epitope 238DIEREFDT245 was exposed to the surface of CDV H protein, showing good antigenicity. These data will provide insights into structure, function and antigenicity of H protein and lay the foundation for the development of diagnostic technologies and vaccine design for CDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhenwei Bi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
| | - Yakun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xingxia Xia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yeping Tan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yumei Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Menezes KMF, Dábilla N, Souza M, Damasceno AD, Torres BBJ. Identification of a new polymorphism on the wild-type canine distemper virus genome: could this contribute to vaccine failures? Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:665-678. [PMID: 37140816 PMCID: PMC10235312 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for a multisystem infectious disease with high prevalence in dogs and wild carnivores and has vaccination as the main control measure. However, recent studies show an increase in cases including vaccinated dogs in different parts of the world. There are several reasons for vaccine failures, including differences between vaccine strains and wild-type strains. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of CDV strains from samples of naturally infected, vaccinated, and symptomatic dogs in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil was performed with partial sequencing of the hemagglutinin (H) gene of CDV. Different sites of amino acid substitutions were found, and one strain had the Y549H mutation, typically present in samples from wild animals. Substitutions in epitopes (residues 367, 376, 379, 381, 386, and 388) that may interfere with the vaccine's ability to provide adequate protection against infection for CDV were observed. The identified strains were grouped in the South America 1/Europe lineage, with a significant difference from other lineages and vaccine strains. Twelve subgenotypes were characterized, considering a nucleotide identity of at least 98% among the strains. These findings highlight the relevance of canine distemper infection and support the need better monitoring of the circulating strains that contribute to elucidate if there is a need for vaccine update.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adilson Donizeti Damasceno
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Campus II CEP 74690900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruno Benetti Junta Torres
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Campus II CEP 74690900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Guercio A, Mira F, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Lastra A, Purpari G, Castronovo C, Pennisi M, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Rizzo M, Giudice E. Biomolecular Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Strains in Two Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Vet Sci 2023; 10:375. [PMID: 37368761 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is a contagious and severe systemic viral disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores worldwide. In this study, two adult female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were evaluated for cutaneous lesions. Scab, fur, and swab samples from the external auditory canal, cutaneous lesions, and scrapings were analyzed. Canine distemper virus (CDV)-positive samples underwent RT-PCR/RFLP with the restriction enzyme PsiI, and the hemagglutinin gene sequence was obtained. According to the restriction enzyme and sequence analyses, the viral strains were typed as CDV field strains that are included within the Europe lineage and distinct from those including vaccinal CDV strains. The sequence analysis showed the highest nucleotide identity rates in older Europe lineage CDV strains collected from dogs and a fox in Europe. This study is the first to report on CDV infection in ferrets in southern Italy and contributes to the current knowledge about natural CDV infection in this species. In conclusion, vaccination remains crucial for preventing the disease and counteracting cross-species infection. Molecular biology techniques can enable the monitoring of susceptible wild animals by ensuring the active surveillance of CDV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melissa Pennisi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Wang H, Guo H, Hein VG, Xu Y, Yu S, Wang X. The evolutionary dynamics history of canine distemper virus through analysis of the hemagglutinin gene during 1930-2020. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2023; 69:56. [PMID: 37252648 PMCID: PMC10198785 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-023-01685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a lethal viral disease of carnivores which is considered to be a serious threat to domestic and wild species. Despite the widespread use of vaccines, CDV still occurs in vaccinated animals and current vaccines does not guarantee complete protection. In this study, a total of 286 hemagglutinin (H) gene sequences of the virus isolated in 25 countries during 90 years (1930-2020) were analyzed by Bayesian maximum likelihood analysis to estimate the population dynamics. We identified the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the virus in 1868 in the USA which arrived in continental Europe in 1948, and from there, the virus spread rapidly to other continents. The Canidae family was identified as the original host as well as a source of the subsequent spread. We identified 11 lineages of geographic co-circulating strains globally. The effective population size experienced a two-phase-exponential growth between 2000-2005 and 2010-2012. Our findings provide a novel insight into the epidemic history of canine distemper virus which may facilitate more effective disease management. This study uses a large set of sequencing data on the H gene of CDV to identify distinct lineages of the virus, track its geographic spread over time, analyze its likelihood of transmission within and between animal families, and provide suggestions for improved strategies to combat the virus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10344-023-01685-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Wang
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Wildlife Diseases and Biosecurity Management of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Collage of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Van Gils Hein
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics & Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 Gauteng Province Republic of South Africa
| | - Yanchun Xu
- Collage of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Yu
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Wildlife Diseases and Biosecurity Management of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Collage of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
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Van TM, Le TQ, Tran BN. Phylogenetic characterization of the canine distemper virus isolated from veterinary clinics in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Vet World 2023; 16:1092-1097. [PMID: 37576774 PMCID: PMC10420719 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1092-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Canine distemper (CD) caused by the CD virus (CDV) has a high mortality rate that severely affects dog populations and other terrestrial carnivores worldwide. However, the genetics of CDV strains circulating in various regions in Vietnam, especially the Mekong Delta, remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the molecular status of CDV strains circulating in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Materials and Methods Ocular/nasal swabs were collected from 550 dogs with clinically suspected CDV infection from veterinary clinics in three Vietnamese provinces. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on the part of the hemagglutinin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the relationship between the detected CDV and GenBank sequences. Results The molecular study demonstrated that 4.18% (23/550) of the dogs were positive for CDV. The clinical findings revealed that the positive dogs exhibited clinical signs of distemper. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified CDV sequences were clustered in the same branch with the genotype Asia-1 and distantly related to the vaccine strains. Notably, the CDV sequences detected in this study were grouped with the sequences previously found in southeast Vietnam; however, they were distant from those found in the north. Conclusion The present study confirmed the presence of CDV and to the best of our knowledge, highlighted for the first time that the CDV strains circulating in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam belong to the genotype Asia-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien My Van
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Quang Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
| | - Bich Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
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Wang W, Bi Z, Song S. Host E3 ligase Hrd1 ubiquitinates and degrades H protein of canine distemper virus to inhibit viral replication. Vet Res 2023; 54:30. [PMID: 37009870 PMCID: PMC10069049 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious and an acutely febrile disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), which greatly threatens the dog and fur industry in many countries. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is a protein quality control system for the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. In this study, a proteomic approach was performed, and results found the E3 ubiquitin ligase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1), which is involved in ERAD, as one of the CDV H-interacting proteins. The interaction of Hrd1 with CDV H protein was further identified by Co-IP assay and confocal microscopy. Hrd1 degraded the CDV H protein via the proteasome pathway dependent on its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Hrd1 catalyzed the K63-linked polyubiquitination of CDV H protein at lysine residue 115 (K115). Hrd1 also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on CDV replication. Together, the data demonstrate that the E3 ligase Hrd1 mediates the ubiquitination of CDV H protein for degradation via the proteasome pathway and inhibits CDV replication. Thus, targeting Hrd1 may represent a novel prevention and control strategy for CDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwei Bi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Chen F, Guo Z, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Hu B, Bai L, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y. Canine distemper virus N protein induces autophagy to facilitate viral replication. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:60. [PMID: 36922800 PMCID: PMC10015816 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine distemper virus (CDV) is one of the most contagious and lethal viruses known to the Canidae, with a very broad and expanding host range. Autophagy serves as a fundamental stabilizing response against pathogens, but some viruses have been able to evade or exploit it for their replication. However, the effect of autophagy mechanisms on CDV infection is still unclear. RESULTS In the present study, autophagy was induced in CDV-infected Vero cells as demonstrated by elevated LC3-II levels and aggregation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 spots. Furthermore, CDV promoted the complete autophagic process, which could be determined by the degradation of p62, co-localization of LC3 with lysosomes, GFP degradation, and accumulation of LC3-II and p62 due to the lysosomal protease inhibitor E64d. In addition, the use of Rapamycin to promote autophagy promoted CDV replication, and the inhibition of autophagy by Wortmannin, Chloroquine and siRNA-ATG5 inhibited CDV replication, revealing that CDV-induced autophagy facilitated virus replication. We also found that UV-inactivated CDV still induced autophagy, and that nucleocapsid (N) protein was able to induce complete autophagy in an mTOR-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time revealed that CDV N protein induced complete autophagy to facilitate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye St., Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Shuaiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Yongshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xu Jiaping, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, 16 Yihuan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Becker AS, Silva Júnior JVJ, Weiblen R, Flores EF. An appraisal of gene targets for phylogenetic classification of canine distemper virus: Is the hemagglutinin the best candidate? Virus Res 2023; 325:199043. [PMID: 36634899 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the canine distemper virus (CDV) hemagglutinin (H) gene may provide important insights on virus-host interactions and has also been frequently used for CDV phylogenetic classification. Herein, we performed an in silico analysis of CDV complete genomes (CGs) available in GenBank in order to investigate the suitability of H for CDV classification into lineages/genotypes. In addition, we analyzed the other viral genes for their potential use in CDV classification. Initially, we collected 116 CDV CGs from GenBank and compared their phylogenetic classification with that of their respective H nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences. Subsequently, we calculated the geodesic distance between the CG and H phylogenetic trees. These analyses were later performed with other CDV genes. All CDV CGs were also evaluated for possible recombination events. Nucleotide and aa analyses of H misclassified some Vaccine/America 1/Asia 3 lineage sequences compared to CG analysis, finding supported by both Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (B-MCMC) methods. Moreover, aa-based H analysis showed additional disagreements with the classification obtained by CG. The geodesic distance between the H and CG trees was 0.0680. Strong recombination signals were identified in the H gene, including Vaccine/America 1/Asia 3 lineage sequences. In contrast, C and P were the only genes that fully reproduced the CG classification (by ML and/or B-MCMC) and that did not show strong recombination signals. Furthermore, the P phylogenetic tree showed the lowest geodesic distance from the CG tree (0.0369). These findings suggest C and P as potential targets for CDV phylogenetic classification, especially when full genome sequencing is not possible. Finally, since our results were obtained considering the CDV CGs available to date, future analyses performed as more CDV sequences become available will be useful to assess probable issues of H-based phylogeny and to consolidate the suitability of the C and P genes for CDV classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Silveira Becker
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Setor de Virologia, Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rudi Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Van PD, Mai NTA, Nguyen VT, Nguyen TTH, Van Dong H, Le PN, Lai TNH, Thi PN, Pham NT, Nguyen LT, Anh DBT, Le VP. Detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus isolated in civets in Vietnam. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:97-101. [PMID: 36521201 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD), caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), is a lethal systemic disease to a wide range of wild and domestic carnivorous hosts, including civets. In this study, a possible CD outbreak in a backyard farm with 32 diseased civets (Viverricula indica) in Hanoi, Vietnam, was investigated. The sick civets showed CD-like clinical signs such as anorexia, sedentary behavior, diarrhea, dermatitis, nasal, and footpad hyperkeratosis. Various tissue samples collected from the dead civets were utilized for molecular screening of CDV and histopathological examination. The genetic detection and characterization confirmed that samples collected from dead civets tested positive for CDV. The phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length H gene sequences indicated that all CDV strains isolated from civets belonged to the Asia-1 lineage and were closely related to the CDV strains previously reported from dogs in Thailand, China, and Vietnam. Histopathological examination showed severe interstitial pneumonia, hemorrhagic alveolar septa, necrotic alveolar epithelial cells, necrotic, degenerated, or lost Purkinje cells, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, edema, and perivascular cuff. This study confirmed the detection of CDV in civets for the first time in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phai Dam Van
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hieu Van Dong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Nam Le
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Nguyen Thi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Thach Pham
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Bui Tran Anh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam; Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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10
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Truong QL, Duc HM, Anh TN, Thi YN, Van TN, Thi PH, Thu HNT, Thi LN. Isolation and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in domestic dogs from central and northern provinces in Vietnam. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:105-114. [PMID: 36347064 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores. Sequence analysis of CDV strains has been classified into several geographically-related lineages, and the evolution and emergence of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the complete H gene sequences of 15 CDV strains isolated on Vero DST cell culture from clinical samples of vaccinated domestic dogs in Vietnam were investigated. Fifteen CDV isolates belonging to Asia-1 CDV variants were predominant antigenic type circulated in Central and Northern Vietnam with notable differences regarding the region and some genetic variation, and the most closely related Asia-1 variants lineage reported in Vietnam, China, Taiwan, and Japan. All identified CDV isolates clustered into 2 novel clades Asia-1-C1 and Asia-1-C2. The major amino acid mutation variants of Vietnamese Asia-1 CDV strains were found at sites 51, 157, 159, 160, 171, 178, 186, 235, 245, 277, 288, 313, 324, 330, 337, 345, 358, 359, 365, 383, 446, 475, 517, 530, 584, 598 which include N-glycosylation sites and neutralizing epitope regions in H gene. The results of the virus neutralization titer (VNT) assay showed that the dogs vaccinated with commercial vaccines had significantly low VNT (4.89 and 12.8) against field CDV isolate strains (VNUA NA04, HN18, and NB05) isolated in northern and central Vietnam, respectively. These data may suggest the need for further research in CDV monitoring and development of preventative measures against CDV in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Lam Truong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam..
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tuan Nguyen Anh
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Nguyen Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Nguyen Van
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Hoang Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Nguyen Thi Thu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Nguyen Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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11
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Lanszki Z, Lanszki J, Tóth GE, Cserkész T, Csorba G, Görföl T, Csathó AI, Jakab F, Kemenesi G. Detection and sequence analysis of Canine morbillivirus in multiple species of the Mustelidae family. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:450. [PMID: 36564834 PMCID: PMC9789673 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus, CDV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. Canine distemper is a serious viral disease that affects many mammalian species, including members of the Mustelidae family. These animals have an elusive nature, which makes related virological studies extremely challenging. There is a significant knowledge gap about the evolution of their viruses and about the possible effects of these viruses to the population dynamics of the host animals. Spleen and lung tissue samples of 170 road-killed mustelids belonging to six species were collected between 1997 and 2022 throughout Hungary and tested for CDV with real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Three species were positive for viral RNA, 2 out of 64 Steppe polecats (Mustela eversmanii), 1 out of 36 European polecats (Mustela putorius) and 2 out of 36 stone martens (Martes foina); all 18 pine martens (Martes martes), 10 least weasels (Mustela nivalis) and 6 stoats (Mustela erminea) tested negative. The complete CDV genome was sequenced in five samples using pan-genotype CDV-specific, amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, all five viral sequences were grouped to the Europe/South America 1 lineage and the distribution of one sequence among trees indicated recombination of the Hemagglutinin gene. We verified the recombination with SimPlot analysis. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides the first CDV genome sequences from Steppe polecats and additional complete genomes from European polecats and stone martens. The infected specimens of various species originated from distinct parts of the country over a long time, indicating a wide circulation of CDV among mustelids throughout Hungary. Considering the high virulence of CDV and the presence of the virus in these animals, we highlight the importance of conservation efforts for wild mustelids. In addition, we emphasize the importance of full genomic data acquisition and analysis to better understand the evolution of the virus. Since CDV is prone to recombination, specific genomic segment analyses may provide less representative evolutionary traits than using complete genome sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Lanszki
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Lanszki
- grid.418201.e0000 0004 0484 1763Balaton Limnological Research Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary ,grid.129553.90000 0001 1015 7851Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Endre Tóth
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Cserkész
- grid.424755.50000 0001 1498 9209Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csorba
- grid.424755.50000 0001 1498 9209Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Görföl
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Jakab
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Alfano F, Lanave G, Lucibelli MG, Miletti G, D’Alessio N, Gallo A, Auriemma C, Amoroso MG, Lucente MS, De Carlo E, Martella V, Decaro N, Fusco G. Canine Distemper Virus in Autochtonous and Imported Dogs, Southern Italy (2014–2021). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202852. [PMID: 36290237 PMCID: PMC9597831 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the period 2014–2021, the circulation of CDV in dogs of Southern Italy was investigated. In this time span a reduction in the circulation of CDV was observed, with a higher frequency of detection of the pathogen in imported dogs (18.4%) compared to stray (7.4%) and household (3.9%) animals. These results underline the effectiveness of the prophylaxis strategy on autochthonous dogs as well as the importance of continuous surveillance of CDV, especially in imported dogs. Abstract This study aims to investigate the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in 949 autochthonous or illegally imported dogs from Southern Italy, over a period of eight years (2014–2021). CDV RNA was detected in 6.8% (65/949) of the animals tested, with no detection of CDV in dogs sampled in 2020–2021. The frequency of CDV detection was higher in imported dogs (19/103, 18.3%) with respect to stray (27/365, 7.4%) and household dogs (19/481, 3.9%). On sequence and phylogenetic analyses of selected strains, the analyzed viruses belonged to the Arctic clade, which has already been reported in Italy and in Europe. The results of our study may suggest a reduction of CDV circulation in Southern Italy, while at the same time highlighting the need for strict controls on dog importation, in order to prevent the introduction of viruses from endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Alfano
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817865441
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Lucibelli
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gianluca Miletti
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Nicola D’Alessio
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Amalia Gallo
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Clementina Auriemma
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70121 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Dipartimento Coordinamento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
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13
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Fuques E, Tomás G, Grecco S, Condon E, Techera C, Marandino A, Sarute N, Aldaz J, Enciso J, Benech A, Pérez R, Panzera Y. Origin and spreading of canine morbillivirus in South America. Virus Res 2022; 319:198858. [PMID: 35809695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a Morbillivirus (Canine morbillivirus) that greatly impacts domestic and wildlife carnivores worldwide. The CDV RNA genome has high genetic variability, evidenced by several lineages that follow a global geographic pattern. The evolutionary trajectories and population dynamics of CDV lineages are still unclear and debatable, particularly in South America, where relatively few sequences are available. We performed phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses using an updated dataset of the highly variable hemagglutinin (H) gene, including seven South American countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current CDV lineages was dated to the early 1900s in North America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian maximum clade credibility phylogenies showed similar topologies with two main branches (L1 and L2) corresponding to the NA1 lineage (L1) and the remaining lineages worldwide (L2). The four circulating lineages in South America (EU1/SA1, SA2, SA3, NA4/SA4) arose from independent migration events from North America and Europe. North American strains colonized most northern South American countries via Ecuador and then Colombia and Peru, originating the SA3 and NA4/SA4 lineages during their spread. The entry and expansion in the southern part of South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) occurred through three independent migration events and gave rise to the EU1/SA1 and SA2 lineages. South American lineages have specific combinations of amino acids under positive selection that constitute signatures of taxonomic and evolutionary relevance. Our findings provide a comprehensive scenario for the origin and migration routes of Canine morbillivirus in South America and highlight the importance of phylodynamics in understanding the geographic patterns of modern genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuques
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Condon
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Sarute
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Aldaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Estatal de Bolıvar, Av. Ernesto Che Guevara s/n. Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - J Enciso
- Grupo Medicina Regenerativa. Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Peru
| | - A Benech
- Unidad de Clínica y Hospital Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Y Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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14
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Geiselhardt F, Peters M, Kleinschmidt S, Chludzinski E, Stoff M, Ludlow M, Beineke A. Neuropathologic and molecular aspects of a canine distemper epizootic in red foxes in Germany. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14691. [PMID: 36038706 PMCID: PMC9424316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last fifteen years, an epidemic of canine distemper virus (CDV) with marked neurotropism has occurred in Europe after a longer period of endemic transmission. Many wildlife species have been infected, with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) being particularly affected. Given that this species is assumed to mediate cross-species CDV infections to domestic and wild animals, tissue samples from foxes with confirmed CDV infection in North-Western Germany were investigated to better understand the neurotropic aspects of the disease. This analysis included histopathology, virus distribution and cell tropism, phenotyping of inflammatory responses and determination of the genotype of the viruses based on the phylogeny of the hemagglutinin (H) gene. The predominant lesion type is gliosis in both gray and white matter areas associated with an accumulation of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in the brain, while sequestration of CD3+ T and Pax5+ B cell in CDV-infected foxes is limited. Demyelination is found in few foxes, characterized by reduced myelin staining with loss of CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in the cerebellar white matter and brainstem. In addition, axonal damage, characterized by β-amyloid precursor protein expression, is found mainly in these brain regions. In situ hybridization reveals a primary infection of the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter and brain stem. Iba1+ cells and NeuN+ neurons represent the main CDV targets. Sequencing of the CDV H open reading frame from fox tissues reveals that the virus strains belongs to three different sub-lineages of the Europe-1/South America-1 genotype, suggesting independent transmission lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Geiselhardt
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Westfalen, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Sven Kleinschmidt
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food- and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Elisa Chludzinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Melanie Stoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.
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15
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Karki M, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Canine morbillivirus (CDV): a review on current status, emergence and the diagnostics. Virusdisease 2022; 33:309-321. [PMID: 36039286 PMCID: PMC9403230 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing host range of canine morbillivirus (CDV) affecting important wildlife species such as Lions, Leopard, and Red Pandas has raised the concern. Canine distemper is a pathogen of dogs affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Seventeen lineages of CDV are reported, and the eighteenth lineage was proposed in 2019 from India. Marked genomic differences in the genome of wild-type virus and vaccine strain are also reported.The variations at the epitope level can be differentiated using specific monoclonal antibodies in neutralization tests. Keeping in mind the current status of the emergence of CDV, genetic and molecular study of circulating strains of the specific geographical region are the essential components of the disease control strategy. New target-based diagnostics and vaccines are in need to counter the effects of the emerging virus population. Control of CDV is necessary to save the endangered, vulnerable, and many other wildlife species to maintain balance in the ecological system. This review provides an overview on emergence reported in CDV, diagnostics developed till today, and a perspective on the disease control strategy, keeping wildlife in consideration.
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16
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Du X, Goffin E, Gillard L, Machiels B, Gillet L. A Single Oral Immunization with Replication-Competent Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Induces a Neutralizing Antibody Response in Mice against Canine Distemper Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:1847. [PMID: 36146652 PMCID: PMC9501072 DOI: 10.3390/v14091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a fatal and highly contagious pathogen of multiple carnivores. While injectable vaccines are very effective in protecting domestic animals, their use in the wild is unrealistic. Alternative vaccines are therefore needed. Adenovirus (AdV) vectors are popular vaccine vectors due to their capacity to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses against the antigens they carry. In parallel, vaccines based on live human AdV-4 and -7 have been used in U.S. army for several decades as replicative oral vaccines against respiratory infection with the same viruses. Based on these observations, the use of oral administration of replication competent AdV-vectored vaccines has emerged as a promising tool especially for wildlife vaccination. Developing this type of vaccine is not easy, however, given the high host specificity of AdVs and their very low replication in non-target species. To overcome this problem, the feasibility of this approach was tested using mouse adenovirus 1 (MAV-1) in mice as vaccine vectors. First, different vaccine vectors expressing the entire or part H or F proteins of CDV were constructed. These different strains were then used as oral vaccines in BALB/c mice and the immune response to CDV was evaluated. Only the strain expressing the full length CDV H protein generated a detectable and neutralizing immune response to CDV. Secondly, using this strain, we were able to show that although this type of vaccine is sensitive to pre-existing immunity to the vector, a second oral administration of the same vaccine is able to boost the immune response against CDV. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using replicating AdVs as oral vaccine vectors to immunize against CDV in wildlife carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Gillet
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Giacinti JA, Pearl DL, Ojkic D, Campbell GD, Jardine CM. Genetic characterization of canine distemper virus from wild and domestic animal submissions to diagnostic facilities in Canada. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105535. [PMID: 34785439 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally considered an agent affecting domestic dogs, canine distemper virus (CDV) is now well known for an ability to infect a broad range of hosts. In Ontario, domestic dogs are routinely vaccinated and clinical disease attributed to CDV infection in this population is infrequent. CDV has been regularly documented in Ontario wildlife spanning at least 4 decades however, the molecular identity of circulating CDV strains is currently unknown. Our objective was to investigate the molecular identities of and genetic relationships between CDV detected in wild and domestic animals from Canada, across multiple host species and over time. Samples were opportunistically collected from submissions to the Ontario-Nunavut node of the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative and the Animal Health Laboratory in Guelph, Ontario. RT-PCR was used to confirm CDV diagnosis, and the hemagglutinin gene was sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred, and the geographic distribution of clades was visualized using a geographic information system. Phenetic relationships between sequences were investigated with a median joining network analysis and through mixed multivariable linear regression. CDV sequences from ten wild and domestic species were characterized into seven lineages, that overlapped geographically and temporally. The predominant lineage circulating in Ontario wildlife, denoted Canada-1, has not been previously described to the authors knowledge. Our analysis indicates that the Canada-1 lineage is most genetically similar to America-1 sequences, however according to current methodology represents a distinct lineage. Multiple co-circulating CDV lineages were also identified, and raccoons appear to play an important role in the maintenance and transmission of these heterogeneous lineages in Ontario. This study also confirmed the presence of CDV from a lineage not found to be circulating in Ontario wildlife, in a domestic dog imported into Ontario from South America. Therefore, travel and the trade of animals may be an important avenue for the introduction of novel CDV lineages. It remains unclear whether and to what extent the genetic heterogeneity identified poses a risk to the efficacy of current vaccines. Increasing viral activity and continued antigenic drift resulting in partial protection or vaccine failure remains a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene A Giacinti
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St., N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Douglas Campbell
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Wang R, Wang X, Zhai J, Zhang P, Irwin DM, Shen X, Chen W, Shen Y. A new canine distemper virus lineage identified from red pandas in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e944-e952. [PMID: 34724331 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes multi-systemic, sub-clinical to fatal diseases in a wide range of carnivore species. Based on the sequences of the haemagglutinin (H) gene, CDV strains have been classified into 18 major genetic lineages. In this study, we characterized the genomes of CDV isolated from the lungs of two dead red pandas in China. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed damage due to viral infection in these lungs. The two strains showed a deep genetic distance from the other 18 recognized lineages (>4.6% at nucleotide level and >5.0% at amino acid level). The maximum clade credibility tree of the H- gene sequences showed that they belonged to an independent clade and had diverged a relatively long time ago from the Asia-4 lineage (since 1884). These results suggest that the analyzed strains belong to a new CDV lineage, which we designate as Asia-6. Our finding indicates that CDV infections in wildlife in China are complex and are a threat to endangered carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, P. R. China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junqiong Zhai
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pian Zhang
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, P. R. China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wu Chen
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, P. R. China.,Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Canine Morbillivirus from Colombian Lineage Exhibits In Silico and In Vitro Potential to Infect Human Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091199. [PMID: 34578231 PMCID: PMC8471232 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus (CDV) is a viral agent that infects domestic dogs and a vast array of wildlife species. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Morbillivirus, which is shared with the Measles virus (MeV). Both viruses employ orthologous cellular receptors, SLAM in mononuclear cells and Nectin-4 in epithelial cells, to enter the cells. Although CDV and MeV hemagglutinin (H) have similar functions in viral pathogenesis and cell tropism, the potential interaction of CDV-H protein with human cellular receptors is still uncertain. Considering that CDV is classified as a multi-host pathogen, the potential risk of CDV transmission to humans has not been fully discarded. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both in silico and in vitro, whether there is a cross-species transmission potential from CDV to humans. To accomplish this, the CDV-H protein belonging to the Colombian lineage was modelled. After model validations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out between Colombian CDV-H protein and canine and human cellular receptors to determine different aspects of the protein-protein interactions. Moreover, cell lines expressing orthologous cellular receptors, with both reference and wild-type CDV strains, were conducted to determine the CDV cross-species transmission potential from an in vitro model. This in silico and in vitro approach suggests the possibility that CDV interacts with ortholog human SLAM (hSLAM) and human Nectin-4 receptors to infect human cell lines, which could imply a potential cross-species transmission of CDV from dogs to humans.
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da Costa VG, Saivish MV, de Oliveira PG, Silva-Júnior A, Moreli ML, Krüger RH. First complete genome sequence and molecular characterization of Canine morbillivirus isolated in Central Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13039. [PMID: 34158515 PMCID: PMC8219677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian regions are still highly endemic areas for Canine morbillivirus [canine distemper virus (CDV)]. However, little is known regarding the genetic variability of the strain circulating in several Brazilian regions. Here, we report the first full-length genome and molecular characterization of CDV isolated from domestic dogs in the Brazilian Center-West region. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses based on deduced amino acid and nucleotide sequences showed that the isolated strain is characterized as the South America-I/Europe genotype. However, it segregates into a CDV subgenotype branch. Interestingly, both H and F proteins have a gain of a potential N-glycosylation sites compared to the Onderstepoort vaccine strain. Therefore, this study provides a reference to further understand the epidemic and molecular characteristics of the CDV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Disease, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunobiological and Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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21
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Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Canine Distemper Virus and Response to Vaccination in Client-Owned Adult Healthy Dogs. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050945. [PMID: 34065493 PMCID: PMC8160937 DOI: 10.3390/v13050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-vaccinations against canine distemper virus (CDV) are commonly performed in 3-year intervals. The study's aims were to determine anti-CDV antibodies in healthy adult dogs within 28 days of vaccination against CDV, and to evaluate factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and with the antibody response to vaccination. Ninety-seven dogs, not vaccinated within 1 year before enrollment, were vaccinated with a modified live CDV vaccine. A measurement of the antibodies was performed before vaccination (day 0), on day 7, and 28 after the vaccination by virus neutralization. A response to vaccination was defined as a ≥4-fold titer increase by day 28. Fisher's exact test was used to determine factors associated with a lack of antibodies and vaccination response. In total, 94.8% of the dogs (92/97; CI 95%: 88.2-98.1) had antibodies (≥10) prior to vaccination. A response to vaccination was not observed in any dog. Five dogs were considered humoral non-responders; these dogs neither had detectable antibodies before, nor developed antibodies after vaccination. Young age (<2 years) was significantly associated with a lack of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 0.018; OR: 26.825; 95% CI: 1.216-1763.417). In conclusion, necessity of re-vaccination in adult healthy dogs should be debated and regular vaccinations should be replaced by antibody detection.
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Liu Y, Liu C, Ding H, Cao Y, Sun Z, Wu H, Wang L, He W, Huang B, Xi X, Tian K. A highly virulent canine distemper virus strain isolated from vaccinated mink in China. Virus Genes 2021; 57:266-275. [PMID: 33950332 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of canine distemper in 2017 in mink breeding farms (Shandong province, China) caused severe pneumonia, hardened footpads, and death in more than 5000 vaccinated animals. Sequencing of the hemagglutinin and fusion protein genes from the WH2 canine distemper virus (CDV) strain we isolated from the infected minks were clustered into the recently isolated CDV Asia-1 genotype group. The WH2 strain was distinct from the current vaccine strains, containing a novel potential N-glycosylation site in its hemagglutinin protein. It also contained amino acid mutations in the fusion protein gene (I87N, T110P and L386I), and the T110P mutation results in N-glycosylation site silencing. WH2 was highly virulent in both unvaccinated and vaccinated animals in our pathogenesis experiments. Immunohistochemistry results revealed positive staining of different organs in unvaccinated and vaccinated animals. The serum in vitro neutralizing antibody titers for the vaccinated mink group and a dog were higher for the WH2 strain than those of the HNly150520B strain (isolated from a dog). These findings indicate that the current commercial vaccines provide incomplete protection against WH2 challenge infections. Thus, a new vaccine strain is urgently needed to protect against variant CDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Hangtian Ding
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Hongchao Wu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Wenxi He
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Baicheng Huang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Xi
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China.
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No.3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, PR China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tao R, Chen J, Zhao T, Gong C, Pan H, Akhtar RW, Li X, Shah SAH, Li Q, Zhao J. Comparison of Growth Characteristics and Genomics of Two Canine Distemper Virus Strains Isolated From Minks in China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:570277. [PMID: 33195559 PMCID: PMC7658476 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.570277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD), caused by the CDV variant strain with HI542N/Y549H, has become an epidemic in fur-bearing animals in China since 2012. To well understand the genomic and replicated characteristics of the CDV variants, we determined the viral growth kinetics and completed the genome sequences of two CDV strains, namely SDZC(17)M2 and LNDL(17)M4, isolated from CDV-infected minks from Shandong and Liaoning province in China, in 2017. SDZC(17)M2 showed higher viral titers and extensive syncytia in BHK-minkSLAM (BMS) cells than LNDL(17)M4. Although both two strains belong to the Asia-1 genotype and clustered an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree, SDZC(17)M2, harboring I542N/Y549H substitutions in the H protein, shared high identity (99.3–99.6% nt) with the other variant strains, whereas LNDL(17)M4, with the only Y549H substitution, shared a lower identity (97.7%–97.9% nt) with the other variant strains. Furthermore, a novel R223K substitution was identified in the conserved cleavage site (RRQRR → RRQKR) of the F protein in the SDZC(17)M2 strain. However, it which did not significantly affect the cell to cell fusion activity when combined with the CDV H/minkSLAM in BHK-21 cells. The key variations in the genome contributed to the virulence and the evolutionary trend need to be determined in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Tao
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyan Gong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjun Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Syed Aftab Hussain Shah
- Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Centre (PASTIC), Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qingjie Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinses Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Weckworth JK, Davis BW, Roelke-Parker ME, Wilkes RP, Packer C, Eblate E, Schwartz MK, Mills LS. Identifying Candidate Genetic Markers of CDV Cross-Species Pathogenicity in African Lions. Pathogens 2020; 9:E872. [PMID: 33114123 PMCID: PMC7690837 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a multi-host pathogen with variable clinical outcomes of infection across and within species. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to search for viral markers correlated with clinical distemper in African lions. To identify candidate markers, we first documented single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differentiating CDV strains associated with different clinical outcomes in lions in East Africa. We then conducted evolutionary analyses on WGS from all global CDV lineages to identify loci subject to selection. SNPs that both differentiated East African strains and were under selection were mapped to a phylogenetic tree representing global CDV diversity to assess if candidate markers correlated with documented outbreaks of clinical distemper in lions (n = 3). Of 54 SNPs differentiating East African strains, ten were under positive or episodic diversifying selection and 20 occurred in the clinical strain despite strong purifying selection at those loci. Candidate markers were in functional domains of the RNP complex (n = 19), the matrix protein (n = 4), on CDV glycoproteins (n = 5), and on the V protein (n = 1). We found mutations at two loci in common between sequences from three CDV outbreaks of clinical distemper in African lions; one in the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (SLAM)-binding region of the hemagglutinin protein and another in the catalytic center of phosphodiester bond formation on the large polymerase protein. These results suggest convergent evolution at these sites may have a functional role in clinical distemper outbreaks in African lions and uncover potential novel barriers to pathogenicity in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K. Weckworth
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Brian W. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Melody E. Roelke-Parker
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Rebecca P. Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Craig Packer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Ernest Eblate
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania;
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - L. Scott Mills
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Molecular epidemiology and genome analysis of feline morbillivirus in household and shelter cats in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:240. [PMID: 32660481 PMCID: PMC7359279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been discovered in domestic cats associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, but FeMV is also detected in healthy cats. This research aimed to identify and characterize the FeMV strains detected in a Thai cat population. Results Two-hundred and ninety-two samples (131 urine and 161 blood) derived from 261 cats (61 sheltered and 200 household cats) were included for investigating the FeMV prevalence using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The overall prevalence of FeMV detection was 11.9% (31/261) among both samples, which accounted for 14.5% (19/131) and 7.5% (12/161) of the urine and blood samples, respectively. Among the FeMV-PCR positive cats, the FeMV-detected prevalence was insignificantly associated with healthy cats (58.1%; 18/31) or urologic cats (41.9%; 13/31). Full-length genome analysis of these FeMV-Thai strains revealed that their genomes clustered together in the FeMV-1A clade with up to 98.5% nucleotide identity. Selective pressure analysis showed that overall FeMV-1 has undergone negative selection, while positive selection sites were more frequently observed in the phosphoprotein gene. Conclusions The detected FeMV infections in the Thai cat population were not correlated with urologic disorders, although the virus was more detectable in urine samples. The genetic patterns among the FeMV-1 Thai strains were more consistent. A large-scale study of FeMV in Thai cat samples is needed for further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangkanang Chaiyasak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Genetic Adaptations, Biases, and Evolutionary Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Asia-4 Lineage in a Fatal Outbreak of Wild-Caught Civets in Thailand. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040361. [PMID: 32224857 PMCID: PMC7232145 DOI: 10.3390/v12040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus (CDV) is a serious pathogen that can cause fatal systemic disease in a wide range of domestic and wildlife carnivores. Outbreaks of CDV in wildlife species lead to questions regarding the dispersal of the CDV origin. In the present study, we identified a fatal CDV outbreak in caged wild-caught civets in Thailand. Full-length genetic analysis revealed that CDV from the Asia-4 lineage served as the likely causative agent, which was supported by the viral localization in tissues. Evolutionary analysis based on the CDV hemagglutinin (H) gene revealed that the present civet CDV has co-evolved with CDV strains in dogs in Thailand since about 2014. The codon usage pattern of the CDV H gene revealed that the CDV genome has a selective bias of an A/U-ended codon preference. Furthermore, the codon usage pattern of the CDV Asia-4 strain from potential hosts revealed that the usage pattern was related more to the codon usage of civets than of dogs. This finding may indicate the possibility that the discovered CDV had initially adapted its virulence to infect civets. Therefore, the CDV Asia-4 strain might pose a potential risk to civets. Further epidemiological, evolutionary, and codon usage pattern analyses of other CDV-susceptible hosts are required.
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Virus isolation and full-length genome sequencing of a representative canine distemper virus wild type strain of the South America 2 clade. J Virol Methods 2020; 279:113857. [PMID: 32205180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs that causes severe respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous signs. Although vaccines have been used to prevent infections, CDV has been reported worldwide, even in vaccinated animals. In the present study, a representative wild type CDV strain (Arg24) was isolated from a sick vaccinated dog and its genome was completely sequenced using Illumina technology. This strain produced a strong cytopathic effect in Vero SLAM (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule) cells with a higher titer of 1.1 × 105 Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50/mL) at 32 h post infection, in cell-associated virus. The Arg24 strain genome, showed values of 97.1, 90.3, 96.7, 90.6, 89.8 and 97.3 % of amino acid identity with respect to the Onderstepoort vaccine strain (Nucleoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Matrix, Fusion, Hemagglutinin and Large polymerase, respectively). Focusing on the Hemagglutinin gene, which is the target for genetic characterization, Arg24 showed four additional potential glycosylation sites, with respect to the Onderstepoort. The availability of Arg24 strain, which can be easily grown in Vero SLAM cells, is an important tool to perform immunological and antigenic comparative studies, between wild type and vaccine CDV strains.
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Badii A, Cyrine M, Amjed Ben H, Ahmad M, Ferid Z, Lotfi G. Sexual addiction, self-esteem and personality dimensions. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020; 4:006-012. [DOI: 10.29328/journal.jatr.1001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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29
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Phylogenomic Analysis of Two Co-Circulating Canine Distemper Virus Lineages in Colombia. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010026. [PMID: 31892101 PMCID: PMC7168600 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is considered a reemerging disease-causing agent in domestic dogs because it presents high divergence among circulating strains worldwide. In Colombia, the South America-3 and South America/North America-4 lineages co-circulate in domestic dogs, both in the Medellin metropolitan area. In this paper, two full CDV genomes from each viral lineage circulating in Medellin were sequenced; we explored the phylogenetic relationship with the available genome sequences; we described the presence of CDV mutations in the South America-3 and South America/North America-4 lineages associated with adaptation to human cells and a crossing of the species barrier and pathogenicity; and we established the evolutionary rates and time of the closest common ancestor for each gene and characterized the presentation of multiple genomic sites by positive selection.
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Phylodynamic analysis of two amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein of canine distemper virus strains detected in fur-bearing animals in China. Virus Genes 2019; 56:58-66. [PMID: 31802380 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a highly contagious disease in a wide range of carnivores. The hemagglutinin (H) protein of viruses shows the highest variability and plays an important role in modulation of viral antigenicity, virulence, and receptor recognition. Since 2012, canine distemper (CD) outbreaks in fur-bearing animals (minks, foxes, raccoon dogs) caused by CDV variants with I542N and Y549H substitutions in the H protein have been frequently reported in China. To characterize the molecular evolutionary dynamics and epidemiological dynamics of CDV, 235 H gene sequences of CDV wild-type strains collected from 22 countries between 1975 and 2015, including 44 strains predominant in fur-bearing animals in China, were analyzed. The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary rates of the CDV strains were determined by Bayesian phylogenetics. The CDV strains clustered into distinct geographic genotypes, irrespective of the species of isolation. All the variant strains formed a distinct monophyletic cluster and belonged to the F sub-genotype within the Asia-1 genotype-currently the predominant sub-genotype in fur-bearing animals in China. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the variant strains originated in 2006. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis revealed that the Y549H substitution was under positive selection pressure for adaptation toward the fur-bearing animals. The residue at position 549 also showed structural interaction with the V domain of the mink signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM) receptor based on the homology modeling of the H-SLAM complex. Our results suggested that the Y549H substitution contributed to the molecular adaptation of CDV variants in the fur-bearing animals during the viral evolutionary phase in China.
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Phylogenetic evidence of the intercontinental circulation of a Canine distemper virus lineage in the Americas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15747. [PMID: 31673120 PMCID: PMC6823503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a multisystem disease in domestic dogs and wild animals, infecting more than 20 carnivore and non-carnivore families and even infecting human cell lines in in vitro conditions. Phylogenetic classification based on the hemagglutinin gene shows 17 lineages with a phylogeographic distribution pattern. In Medellín (Colombia), the lineage South America-3 is considered endemic. Phylogenetic studies conducted in Ecuador using fragment coding for the fusion protein signal peptide (Fsp) characterized a new strain belonging to a different lineage. For understanding the distribution of the South America-3 lineage in the north of the South American continent, we characterized CDV from three Colombian cities (Medellín, Bucaramanga, and Bogotá). Using phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene and the Fsp region, we confirmed the circulation of CDV South America-3 in different areas of Colombia. We also described, for the first time to our knowledge, the circulation of a new lineage in Medellín that presents a group monophyletic with strains previously characterized in dogs in Ecuador and in wildlife and domestic dogs in the United States, for which we propose the name “South America/North America-4” due its intercontinental distribution. In conclusion, our results indicated that there are at least four different CDV lineages circulating in domestic dogs in South America: the Europe/South America-1 lineage circulating in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; the South America-2 lineage restricted to Argentina; the South America-3 lineage, which has only been reported in Colombia; and lastly an intercontinental lineage present in Colombia, Ecuador, and the United States, referred to here as the “South America/North America-4” lineage.
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Jo WK, Peters M, Kydyrmanov A, van de Bildt MWG, Kuiken T, Osterhaus A, Ludlow M. The Canine Morbillivirus Strain Associated with An Epizootic in Caspian Seals Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of this Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E894. [PMID: 31557833 PMCID: PMC6832514 DOI: 10.3390/v11100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus; CDV) is a worldwide distributed morbillivirus that causes sporadic cases and recurrent epizootics among an increasing number of wild, feral, and domestic animal species. We investigated the evolutionary history of CDV strains involved in the 1988 Lake Baikal (CDVPS88) and the 2000 Caspian Sea (CDVPC00) seal die-offs by recovery of full-length sequences from archived material using next-generation sequencing. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that CDVPC00 constitutes a novel strain in a separate clade (tentatively termed "Caspian") from the America-1 clade, which is comprised of older vaccine strains. The America-1/Caspian monophyletic group is positioned most basally with respect to other clades and is estimated to have separated from other CDV clades around 1832. Our results indicate that CDVPC00 recovered from the epizootic in the Caspian Sea in 2000 belongs to a previously undetected novel clade and constitutes the most ancestral wild-type CDV clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany.
| | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Mira F, Rubio-Guerri C, Purpari G, Puleio R, Caracappa G, Gucciardi F, Russotto L, Loria GR, Guercio A. Circulation of a novel strain of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) in stranded cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9792. [PMID: 31278350 PMCID: PMC6611785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) has been responsible for several outbreaks of systemic infection and has resulted in cetacean strandings in the Mediterranean. In August-October 2016, seven striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded on the Sicilian coastline (Italy) tested positive for DMV. Tissue samples from brain, lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, heart, spleen, liver, stomach, intestine, kidneys and urinary bladder, as well as blowhole swabs, were collected during necropsy for molecular diagnostics and pathology studies. Extracted tissue RNA was screened for DMV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some tissues exhibited microscopic lesions that were consistent with DMV infection on histopathological and immunohistochemical grounds. Conventional reverse transcription PCR to target partial nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein genes yielded sequences used to genetically characterize the associated DMV strain. DMV RNA was detected by both PCR assays in all tested tissues of the seven dolphins, which suggests systemic infections, but was absent from another dolphin stranded on the Sicilian coastline during the same period. The partial phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein gene sequences from the positive dolphins were 99.7% and 99.5% identical, respectively, to the DMV sequences recently observed in cetaceans stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean. Our study suggests that this DMV strain is circulating in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, 46013, Spain.,VISAVET-Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Laura Russotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, 90129, Italy
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Duque-Valencia J, Sarute N, Olarte-Castillo XA, Ruíz-Sáenz J. Evolution and Interspecies Transmission of Canine Distemper Virus-An Outlook of the Diverse Evolutionary Landscapes of a Multi-Host Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070582. [PMID: 31247987 PMCID: PMC6669529 DOI: 10.3390/v11070582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a worldwide distributed virus which belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family. CDV spreads through the lymphatic, epithelial, and nervous systems of domestic dogs and wildlife, in at least six orders and over 20 families of mammals. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rates and broad host range, understanding the epidemiology of CDV is not only important for its control in domestic animals, but also for the development of reliable wildlife conservation strategies. The present review aims to give an outlook of the multiple evolutionary landscapes and factors involved in the transmission of CDV by including epidemiological data from multiple species in urban, wild and peri-urban settings, not only in domestic animal populations but at the wildlife interface. It is clear that different epidemiological scenarios can lead to the presence of CDV in wildlife even in the absence of infection in domestic populations, highlighting the role of CDV in different domestic or wild species without clinical signs of disease mainly acting as reservoirs (peridomestic and mesocarnivores) that are often found in peridomestic habits triggering CDV epidemics. Another scenario is driven by mutations, which generate genetic variation on which random drift and natural selection can act, shaping the genetic structure of CDV populations leading to some fitness compensations between hosts and driving the evolution of specialist and generalist traits in CDV populations. In this scenario, the highly variable protein hemagglutinin (H) determines the cellular and host tropism by binding to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 receptors of the host; however, the multiple evolutionary events that may have facilitated CDV adaptation to different hosts must be evaluated by complete genome sequencing. This review is focused on the study of CDV interspecies transmission by examining molecular and epidemiological reports based on sequences of the hemagglutinin gene and the growing body of studies of the complete genome; emphasizing the importance of long-term multidisciplinary research that tracks CDV in the presence or absence of clinical signs in wild species, and helping to implement strategies to mitigate the infection. Integrated research incorporating the experience of wildlife managers, behavioral and conservation biologists, veterinarians, virologists, and immunologists (among other scientific areas) and the inclusion of several wild and domestic species is essential for understanding the intricate epidemiological dynamics of CDV in its multiple host infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Duque-Valencia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Sarute
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ximena A Olarte-Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias. Universidad de Santander (UDES), sede Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Julián Ruíz-Sáenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Medellín 050012, Colombia.
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Liu Y, Liu C, Liu W, Wu H, Ding H, Cao Y, Spibey N, Wang L, He W, Hao L, Li X, Tian K. Isolation and sequence analysis of the complete H gene of canine distemper virus from domestic dogs in Henan Province, China. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2153-2158. [PMID: 31134355 PMCID: PMC7086856 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen canine distemper virus (CDV) isolates were obtained from clinical samples in Henan province, China, between 2012 and 2016. These viruses could not be recognized by 1A4, a monoclonal antibody specific for the H protein of CDV vaccine strains. The complete haemagglutinin (H) genes of all 18 isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they segregated into two clusters within the Asia-1 genotype. Moreover, the H genes of four viruses were found to lack a potential N-glycosylation site at position 309, which is the most conserved site within the Asia-1 genotype of CDV, and a novel potential N-glycosylation site (amino acids 517–519) was found in strain HL013, which has not been reported previously. These results will help in achieving a better understanding of the evolution of CDV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wujie Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Hongchao Wu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Hangtian Ding
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Norman Spibey
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenxi He
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Liying Hao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Kegong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. .,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, No. 3 Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) may pose a serious threat to Alpine wild carnivores and affect their population dynamics. Since 2006, the strain Europe Wildlife 2006-09, a distinct CD virus subgroup within viral lineage Europe 1 (EU1) characterized by increased virulence and host range expansion, has been linked to multiple CD outbreaks in Alpine wild carnivores. The aim of this study was to fill knowledge gaps about ongoing Alpine outbreaks of CD. To do this, we report on the circulation of canine distemper virus (CDV) and outbreaks of CD in Alpine wild carnivores in northwest Italy. A specific diagnostic protocol applied to a sample of 548 wild carnivores collected between January 2013 and December 2015 revealed the circulation of CDV belonging to the EU1 lineage. All isolates were carriers of amino-acid mutations defining the cluster Europe Wildlife 2006-09. A self-maintained multihost pathogen system may have developed in northwest Italy in which interspecies transmission from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to other noncanid species enhanced pathogen maintenance in the system.
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Rendon-Marin S, da Fontoura Budaszewski R, Canal CW, Ruiz-Saenz J. Tropism and molecular pathogenesis of canine distemper virus. Virol J 2019; 16:30. [PMID: 30845967 PMCID: PMC6407191 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper virus (CDV), currently termed Canine morbillivirus, is an extremely contagious disease that affects dogs. It is identified as a multiple cell tropism pathogen, and its host range includes a vast array of species. As a member of Mononegavirales, CDV has a negative, single-stranded RNA genome, which encodes eight proteins. Main body Regarding the molecular pathogenesis, the hemagglutinin protein (H) plays a crucial role both in the antigenic recognition and the viral interaction with SLAM and nectin-4, the host cells’ receptors. These cellular receptors have been studied widely as CDV receptors in vitro in different cellular models. The SLAM receptor is located in lymphoid cells; therefore, the infection of these cells by CDV leads to immunosuppression, the severity of which can lead to variability in the clinical disease with the potential of secondary bacterial infection, up to and including the development of neurological signs in its later stage. Conclusion Improving the understanding of the CDV molecules implicated in the determination of infection, especially the H protein, can help to enhance the biochemical comprehension of the difference between a wide range of CDV variants, their tropism, and different steps in viral infection. The regions of interaction between the viral proteins and the identified host cell receptors have been elucidated to facilitate this understanding. Hence, this review describes the significant molecular and cellular characteristics of CDV that contribute to viral pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1136-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Renata da Fontoura Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Piewbang C, Radtanakatikanon A, Puenpa J, Poovorawan Y, Techangamsuwan S. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of a new Asia-4 lineage and naturally recombinant canine distemper virus strains from Thailand. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3198. [PMID: 30824716 PMCID: PMC6397162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores, can be classified into several geographically-related lineages. It is unclear how genetic recombination contributed to the evolution and emergence of the novel CDV strains and the evolutions of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the complete genome sequences of eight CDV viruses, isolated from domestic dogs in Thailand, were investigated. Interestingly, most of the identified CDV strains (CDV1-3, -5, -8 TH/2014) clustered as a novel Asia-4 lineage, while the CDV4, -6, -7 TH/2014 belonged to the Asia-1 lineage. Recombination analysis revealed that the CDV4 TH/2014 is a putative recombinant virus from the Asia-1 and America-2 parent viruses. In contrast, no recombination events were detected in the Asia-4 lineage, indicating that it is a distinctive lineage. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the CDV Asia-4 lineage had emerged since 1924 and shared common ancestor with the America-2 lineage. Pressure analysis revealed that CDV nucleotides were under negative selection pressure for its rapid adaptation. These findings demonstrate the evolution of CDV Asia-4 lineage and identified the Asia-1 recombination event. The information regarding genetic diversity of CDVs is essential for further CDV’s research and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Araya Radtanakatikanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Bhatt M, Rajak KK, Chakravarti S, Yadav AK, Kumar A, Gupta V, Chander V, Mathesh K, Chandramohan S, Sharma AK, Mahendran K, Sankar M, Muthuchelvan D, Gandham RK, Baig M, Singh RP, Singh RK. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene deciphering a new genetically distinct lineage of canine distemper virus circulating among domestic dogs in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1252-1267. [PMID: 30725534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is one of the highly contagious and invariably fatal viral diseases of dogs and other carnivores. Despite the widespread use of modified live vaccines to control CD, the prevalence of disease has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Although a number of factors may be ascribed for vaccine failure, antigenic differences among the vaccine and wild-type strains have gained the interest of researchers. Considering the high genetic variability of haemagglutinin gene (H gene) and its role in eliciting the immune response to canine distemper virus (CDV), we have generated nine full-length CDV H gene sequences from infected dogs including three vaccinated cases. Bayesian analysis was performed using 102 full-length H gene nucleotide sequences over a time frame of 76 years (1940-2016) from 18 countries. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of CDV was estimated to be 1696 AD. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered Indian wild-type viruses into a distinct monophyletic group clearly separated from the previously established CDV lineages. This signifies the presence of a novel genetic variant (proposed as "Lineage India-1/Asia-5") circulating among dog population in India. To investigate the importance of substitutions at amino acid residues 530 and 549 of CDV H protein in determining the host switches from canid to non-canid hosts, we analysed 125 H gene sequences including nine sequences generated in this study. Selection pressure analysis and analysis of amino acid sequences revealed a trend towards adaptation of 549H variants in non-canid hosts although no role of G/E530R/D/N substitution could be identified. This is the first comprehensive study about the nature and ecology of CDV circulating among dog population in India. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals as observed in this study have raised a concern towards the effectiveness of current vaccine strains warranting detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - K K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Gupta
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chander
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mathesh
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S Chandramohan
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Sharma
- Centre for wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - K Mahendran
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - M Sankar
- TAH Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, Nainital, India
| | - R K Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Baig
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Freitas LA, Leme RA, Saporiti V, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. Molecular analysis of the full-length F gene of Brazilian strains of canine distemper virus shows lineage co-circulation and variability between field and vaccine strains. Virus Res 2019; 264:8-15. [PMID: 30794894 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper is a highly contagious systemic viral disease, with worldwide distribution that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. This study characterized full-length fusion (F) genes from 15 Brazilian wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) strains collected between 2003-2004 (n = 6) and 2013-2016 (n = 9). Using deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis, 14 strains were classified into Europe 1/South America 1 (EU1/SA1) lineage, with a temporal clustering into past (2003-2004) and contemporary (2013-2016) strains. One strain clustered to Rockborn-like lineage, showing high similarity (98.5%) with the Rockborn vaccine strain. In analyzed strains, the fusion protein signal-peptide (Fsp) coding region was highly variable at the aa level (67.4%-96.2%). The Brazilian strains were more Fsp-divergent from the North America 1 (NA1) strains (24.5%-36.3%) than from the Rockborn (11.2%-14.9%) vaccine strain. Seventeen cysteine residues in the full-length F gene and four non-conserved glycosylation sites in the Fsp region were detected. The results reveal that past and contemporary CDV strains are currently co-circulating. This first analysis of full-length F genes from Brazilian wild-type CDV strains contributes to knowledge of molecular epidemiology of CDV viral infection and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Almeida Freitas
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Viviane Saporiti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 - Londrina, PO Box 10011, Paraná, Brazil
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Evolutionary evidence for multi-host transmission of cetacean morbillivirus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:201. [PMID: 30514855 PMCID: PMC6279766 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) has emerged as the pathogen that poses the greatest risk of triggering epizootics in cetacean populations worldwide, and has a high propensity for interspecies transmission, including sporadic infection of seals. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of CeMV by deep sequencing wild-type viruses from tissue samples representing cetacean species with different spatiotemporal origins. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis generated an estimated evolutionary rate of 2.34 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions/site/year and showed that CeMV evolutionary dynamics are neither host-restricted nor location-restricted. Moreover, the dolphin morbillivirus strain of CeMV has undergone purifying selection without evidence of species-specific mutations. Cell-to-cell fusion and growth kinetics assays demonstrated that CeMV can use both dolphin and seal CD150 as a cellular receptor. Thus, it appears that CeMV can readily spread among multiple cetacean populations and may pose an additional spillover risk to seals.
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Phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in South African wildlife. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199993. [PMID: 30020954 PMCID: PMC6051617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a severe contagious disease in a broad range of hosts. This is the first study to genetically characterise CDV strains from four different wildlife species in South Africa. The phylogenetic diversity of CDV is examined, using the haemagglutinin gene. The South African wildlife CDV isolates showed a high degree of similarity to CDV in South African domestic dogs. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of 12 geographical lineages with CDV strains from South African wildlife falling within the Southern African lineage. The study reveals two possible co-circulating sub-genotypes corresponding to the northern and southern regions of South Africa respectively. CDV strains from the non-canid species were distinct, but similar to CDV isolates from domestic dog and wild canids. Residues at amino acid sites of the SLAM binding region support the notion that CDV strains encoding 519I / 549H are better adapted to non-canid species than canid species. The amino acids present at site 530 are conserved regardless of host species. Strains from South African wild carnivores showed no difference between host species with all strains presenting 530N. All non-canid strains in this study presented the combination 519I/549H. No evidence of host adaptation or lineage grouping was observed for the Nectin-4 binding region. Further studies should include CDV strains isolated from various hosts from a wider geographical range in South Africa.
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Maganga GD, Labouba I, Ngoubangoye B, Nkili-Meyong AA, Obame Ondo D, Leroy EM, Berthet N. Molecular characterization of complete genome of a canine distemper virus associated with fatal infection in dogs in Gabon, Central Africa. Virus Res 2018; 247:21-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pfeffermann K, Dörr M, Zirkel F, von Messling V. Morbillivirus Pathogenesis and Virus-Host Interactions. Adv Virus Res 2018; 100:75-98. [PMID: 29551144 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines against measles and several animal morbilliviruses, they continue to cause regular outbreaks and epidemics in susceptible populations. Morbilliviruses are highly contagious and share a similar pathogenesis in their respective hosts. This review provides an overview of morbillivirus history and the general replication cycle and recapitulates Morbillivirus pathogenesis focusing on common and unique aspects seen in different hosts. It also summarizes the state of knowledge regarding virus-host interactions on the cellular level with an emphasis on viral interference with innate immune response activation, and highlights remaining knowledge gaps.
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Genome Sequences of Three Vaccine Strains and Two Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus Strains from a Recent Disease Outbreak in South Africa. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/27/e00603-17. [PMID: 28684581 PMCID: PMC5502862 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00603-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus causes global multihost infectious disease. This report details complete genome sequences of three vaccine and two new wild-type strains. The wild-type strains belong to the South African lineage, and all three vaccine strains to the America 1 lineage. This constitutes the first genomic sequences of this virus from South Africa.
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Conceição‐Neto N, Godinho R, Álvares F, Yinda CK, Deboutte W, Zeller M, Laenen L, Heylen E, Roque S, Petrucci‐Fonseca F, Santos N, Van Ranst M, Mesquita JR, Matthijnssens J. Viral gut metagenomics of sympatric wild and domestic canids, and monitoring of viruses: Insights from an endangered wolf population. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4135-4146. [PMID: 28649326 PMCID: PMC5478050 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal host-microbe interactions are a relevant concern for wildlife conservation, particularly regarding generalist pathogens, where domestic host species can play a role in the transmission of infectious agents, such as viruses, to wild animals. Knowledge on viral circulation in wild host species is still scarce and can be improved by the recent advent of modern molecular approaches. We aimed to characterize the fecal virome and identify viruses of potential conservation relevance of diarrheic free-ranging wolves and sympatric domestic dogs from Central Portugal, where a small and threatened wolf population persists in a highly anthropogenically modified landscape. Using viral metagenomics, we screened diarrheic stools collected from wolves (n = 8), feral dogs (n = 4), and pet dogs (n = 6), all collected within wolf range. We detected novel highly divergent viruses as well as known viral pathogens with established effects on population dynamics, including canine distemper virus, a novel bocavirus, and canine minute virus. Furthermore, we performed a 4-year survey for the six wolf packs comprising this endangered wolf population, screening 93 fecal samples from 36 genetically identified wolves for canine distemper virus and the novel bocavirus, previously identified using our metagenomics approach. Our novel approach using metagenomics for viral screening in noninvasive samples of wolves and dogs has profound implications on the knowledge of both virology and wildlife diseases, establishing a complementary tool to traditional screening methods for the conservation of threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Conceição‐Neto
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Clinical VirologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Raquel Godinho
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Francisco Álvares
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Claude K. Yinda
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Clinical VirologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ward Deboutte
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies Laenen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Clinical VirologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sara Roque
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia AnimalGrupo LoboFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Francisco Petrucci‐Fonseca
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia AnimalGrupo LoboFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Nuno Santos
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Clinical VirologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - João R. Mesquita
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of Zootechnics, Rural Engineering and VeterinaryAgrarian Superior School of ViseuViseuPortugal
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLaboratory of Viral MetagenomicsRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Loots AK, Mitchell E, Dalton DL, Kotzé A, Venter EH. Advances in canine distemper virus pathogenesis research: a wildlife perspective. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:311-321. [PMID: 27902345 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has emerged as a significant disease of wildlife, which is highly contagious and readily transmitted between susceptible hosts. Initially described as an infectious disease of domestic dogs, it is now recognized as a global multi-host pathogen, infecting and causing mass mortalities in a wide range of carnivore species. The last decade has seen the effect of numerous CDV outbreaks in various wildlife populations. Prevention of CDV requires a clear understanding of the potential hosts in danger of infection as well as the dynamic pathways CDV uses to gain entry to its host cells and its ability to initiate viral shedding and disease transmission. We review recent research conducted on CDV infections in wildlife, including the latest findings on the causes of host specificity and cellular receptors involved in distemper pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika K Loots
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Emily Mitchell
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Desiré L Dalton
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Kotzé
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Genetics Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Estelle H Venter
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Inactivated Recombinant Rabies Viruses Displaying Canine Distemper Virus Glycoproteins Induce Protective Immunity against Both Pathogens. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02077-16. [PMID: 28148801 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02077-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multivalent vaccines is an attractive methodology for the simultaneous prevention of several infectious diseases in vulnerable populations. Both canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) cause lethal disease in wild and domestic carnivores. While RABV vaccines are inactivated, the live-attenuated CDV vaccines retain residual virulence for highly susceptible wildlife species. In this study, we developed recombinant bivalent vaccine candidates based on recombinant vaccine strain rabies virus particles, which concurrently display the protective CDV and RABV glycoprotein antigens. The recombinant viruses replicated to near-wild-type titers, and the heterologous glycoproteins were efficiently expressed and incorporated in the viral particles. Immunization of ferrets with beta-propiolactone-inactivated recombinant virus particles elicited protective RABV antibody titers, and animals immunized with a combination of CDV attachment protein- and fusion protein-expressing recombinant viruses were protected from lethal CDV challenge. However, animals that were immunized with only a RABV expressing the attachment protein of CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort succumbed to infection with a more recent wild-type strain, indicating that immune responses to the more conserved fusion protein contribute to protection against heterologous CDV strains.IMPORTANCE Rabies virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) cause high mortality rates and death in many carnivores. While rabies vaccines are inactivated and thus have an excellent safety profile and high stability, live-attenuated CDV vaccines can retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species. Here we generated recombinant inactivated rabies viruses that carry one of the CDV glycoproteins on their surface. Ferrets immunized twice with a mix of recombinant rabies viruses carrying the CDV fusion and attachment glycoproteins were protected from lethal CDV challenge, whereas all animals that received recombinant rabies viruses carrying only the CDV attachment protein according to the same immunization scheme died. Irrespective of the CDV antigens used, all animals developed protective titers against rabies virus, illustrating that a bivalent rabies virus-based vaccine against CDV induces protective immune responses against both pathogens.
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49
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Martinez-Gutierrez M, Ruiz-Saenz J. Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:78. [PMID: 27170307 PMCID: PMC4865023 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of one of the most infectious diseases of domestic dogs, also known as a highly prevalent viral infectious disease of carnivores and posing a conservation threat to endangered species around the world. To get a better panorama of CDV infection in different Orders, a retrospective and documental systematic review of the role of CDV in different non-dog hosts was conducted. The bibliographical data were collected from MedLine/PubMed and Scopus databases. Data related to Order, Family, Genus and Species of the infected animals, the presence or absence of clinical signs, mortality, serological, molecular or antigenic confirmation of CDV infection, geographic location, were collected and summarized. RESULTS Two hundred seventeen scientific articles were considered eligible which includes reports of serological evaluation, and antigenic or genomic confirmation of CDV infection in non-dog hosts. CDV infects naturally and experimentally different members of the Orders Carnivora (in 12 Families), Rodentia (four Families), Primates (two Families), Artiodactyla (three Families) and Proboscidea (one Family). The Order Carnivora (excluding domestic dogs) accounts for the vast majority (87.5%) of the records. Clinical disease associated with CDV infection was reported in 51.8% of the records and serological evidence of CDV infection in apparently healthy animals was found in 49.5% of the records. High mortality rate was showed in some of the recorded infections in Orders different to Carnivora. In non-dog hosts, CDV has been reported all continents with the exception of Australasia and in 43 different countries. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review demonstrate that CDV is able to infect a very wide range of host species from many different Orders and emphasizes the potential threat of infection for endangered wild species as well as raising concerns about potential zoonotic threats following the cessation of large-scale measles vaccination campaigns in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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50
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da Fontoura Budaszewski R, Streck AF, Nunes Weber M, Maboni Siqueira F, Muniz Guedes RL, Wageck Canal C. Influence of vaccine strains on the evolution of canine distemper virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:262-269. [PMID: 27101783 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a major dog pathogen belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV causes disease and high mortality in dogs and wild carnivores. Although homologous recombination has been demonstrated in many members of Paramyxoviridae, these events have rarely been reported for CDV. To detect potential recombination events, the complete CDV genomes available in GenBank up to June 2015 were screened using distinct algorithms to detect genetic conversions and incongruent phylogenies. Eight putative recombinant viruses derived from different CDV genotypes and different hosts were detected. The breakpoints of the recombinant strains were primarily located on fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. These results suggest that homologous recombination is a frequent phenomenon in morbillivirus populations under natural replication, and CDV vaccine strains might play an important role in shaping the evolution of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Fontoura Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lucas Muniz Guedes
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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