1
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Zheng YB, Lu S, Chu TB, Pang GF, Yang LY, Zhang Q. Investigate the potential impact of Hemagglutinin from the H1N1 strain on severe pneumonia. Gene 2024; 926:148559. [PMID: 38740352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent glycoprotein on the influenza virus envelope is called hemagglutinin (HA), yet little is known about its involvement in the pathophysiology and etiology of severe influenza pneumonia. Here, after stimulating human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) and mice with HA of H1N1 for 12 h, we investigated the proliferation, migration, inflammatory cytokines expression, and apoptosis in 16-HBE and the pathological damage in mouse lung tissue. The expression of inflammatory cytokines plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1), urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators, and apoptosis were all enhanced by HA, which also prevented the proliferation and migration of bronchial epithelial cells. HA enhanced up-regulated PAI-1, uPA, and tPA protein expression within mouse lung tissue and caused lung injury. In conclusion, HA alone, but not the whole H1N1 virus, induces lung tissue injury by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, while promoting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bi Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Song Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Tian-Bao Chu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Gui-Feng Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Lin-Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
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2
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Lembo A, Molinaro A, De Castro C, Berti F, Biagini M. Impact of glycosylation on viral vaccines. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122402. [PMID: 39048237 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prominent modification important for vaccines and its specific pattern depends on several factors that need to be considered when developing a new biopharmaceutical. Tailor-made glycosylation can be exploited to develop more effective and safer vaccines; for this reason, a deep understanding of both glycoengineering strategies and glycans structures and functions is required. In this review we discuss the recent advances concerning glycoprotein expression systems and the explanation of glycans immunomodulation mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight how glycans tune the immunological properties among different vaccines platforms (whole virus, recombinant protein, nucleic acid), also comparing commercially available formulations and describing the state-of-the-art analytical technologies for glycosylation analysis. The whole review stresses the aspect of glycoprotein glycans as a potential tool to overcome nowadays medical needs in vaccine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lembo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Han Z, Mai Q, Zhao Y, Liu X, Cui M, Li M, Chen Y, Shu Y, Gan J, Pan W, Sun C. Mosaic neuraminidase-based vaccine induces antigen-specific T cell responses against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 230:105978. [PMID: 39117282 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an annually severe crisis for global public health, and an ideal influenza vaccine is expected to provide broad protection against constantly drifted strains. Compared to highly flexible hemagglutinin (HA), increasing data have demonstrated that neuraminidase (NA) might be a potential target against influenza variants. In the present study, a series of genetic algorithm-based mosaic NA were designed, and then cloned into recombinant DNA and replication-defective Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) vector as a novel influenza vaccine candidate. Our Results showed that DNA prime/VSV boost strategy elicited a robust NA-specific Th1-dominated immune response, but the traditional inactivated influenza vaccine elicited a Th2-dominated immune response. More importantly, the superior NA-specific immunity induced by our strategy could confer both a full protection against lethal homologous influenza challenge and a partial protection against heterologous influenza infection. These findings will provide insights on designing NA-based universal vaccine strategy against influenza variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianyi Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinglai Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingting Cui
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoqing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Gan
- Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Jones CH, Hauguel T, Beitelshees M, Davitt M, Welch V, Lindert K, Allen P, True JM, Dolsten M. Deciphering immune responses: a comparative analysis of influenza vaccination platforms. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104125. [PMID: 39097221 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza still poses a significant challenge due to its high mutation rates and the low effectiveness of traditional vaccines. At present, antibodies that neutralize the highly variable hemagglutinin antigen are a major driver of the observed variable protection. To decipher how influenza vaccines can be improved, an analysis of licensed vaccine platforms was conducted, contrasting the strengths and limitations of their different mechanisms of protection. Through this review, it is evident that these vaccines do not elicit the robust cellular immune response critical for protecting high-risk groups. Emerging platforms, such as RNA vaccines, that induce robust cellular responses that may be additive to the recognized mechanism of protection through hemagglutinin inhibition may overcome these constraints to provide broader, protective immunity. By combining both humoral and cellular responses, such platforms could help guide the future influenza vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Verna Welch
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | | | - Pirada Allen
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Jane M True
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA.
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5
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Paparoditis PCG, Fruehwirth A, Bevc K, Low JS, Jerak J, Terzaghi L, Foglierini M, Fernandez B, Jarrossay D, Corti D, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A, Cassotta A. Site-specific serology unveils cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies targeting influenza A hemagglutinin epitopes. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451045. [PMID: 39031535 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Efficient identification of human monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigenic sites is pivotal for advancing vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious diseases and cancer. Existing screening techniques, however, limit our ability to discover monoclonal antibodies with desired specificity. In this study, we introduce a novel method, blocking of binding (BoB) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), enabling the detection of high-avidity human antibodies directed to defined epitopes. Leveraging BoB-ELISA, we analyzed the antibody response to known epitopes of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) in the serum of vaccinated donors. Our findings revealed that serum antibodies targeting head epitopes were immunodominant, whereas antibodies against the stem epitope, although subdominant, were highly prevalent. Extending our analysis across multiple HA strains, we examined the cross-reactive antibody response targeting the stem epitope. Importantly, employing BoB-ELISA we identified donors harboring potent heterosubtypic antibodies targeting the HA stem. B-cell clonal analysis of these donors revealed three novel, genealogically independent monoclonal antibodies with broad cross-reactivity to multiple HAs. In summary, we demonstrated that BoB-ELISA is a sensitive technique for measuring B-cell epitope immunogenicity, enabling the identification of novel monoclonal antibodies with implications for enhanced vaccine development and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C G Paparoditis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fruehwirth
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Kajetana Bevc
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Josipa Jerak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Terzaghi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Fernandez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Jarrossay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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6
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Wilke CO. The biophysical landscape of viral evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2409667121. [PMID: 38913906 PMCID: PMC11228502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2409667121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claus O Wilke
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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7
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Carlock MA, Allen JD, Hanley HB, Ross TM. Longitudinal assessment of human antibody binding to hemagglutinin elicited by split-inactivated influenza vaccination over six consecutive seasons. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301157. [PMID: 38917104 PMCID: PMC11198804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Participants between the ages of 10-86 years old were vaccinated with split-inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone®) in six consecutive influenza seasons from 2016-2017 to 2021-2022. Vaccine effectiveness varies from season to season as a result of both host immune responses as well as evolutionary changes in the influenza virus surface glycoproteins that provide challenges to vaccine manufacturers to produce more effective annual vaccines. Next generation influenza vaccines are in development and may provide protective immune responses against a broader number of influenza viruses and reduce the need for annual vaccination. An improved understanding how current influenza vaccines are influenced by human host immune responses in people of different ages and co-morbidities is necessary for designing the next-generation of 'universal' or broadly-protective influenza vaccines. Overall, pre-existing immune responses to previous influenza virus exposures, either by past infections or vaccinations, is a critical factor influencing host responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Participants vaccinated in consecutive seasons had reduced serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against strains included in the vaccine compared to participants that had not been vaccinated in the preceding 1-2 years prior to entering this study. The magnitude and breadth of these antibody responses were also modulated by the age of the participant. Elderly participants over 65 years of age, in general, had lower pre-existing HAI titers each season prior to vaccination with lower post-vaccination titers compared to children or young adults under the age of 35. The administration of higher doses (HD) of the split-inactivated vaccine enhanced the antibody titers in the elderly. This report showcases 6 consecutive years of antibody HAI activity in human subjects receiving seasonal split-inactivated influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States of America
| | - James D. Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States of America
| | - Hannah B. Hanley
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States of America
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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8
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Badruzzaman ATM, Cheng YC, Sung WC, Lee MS. Insect Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Virus-like Particles Vaccine Elicits Potent Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:667. [PMID: 38932396 PMCID: PMC11209530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses can cause highly infectious respiratory diseases, posing noteworthy epidemic and pandemic threats. Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention to prevent influenza and its complications. However, reliance on embryonic chicken eggs for commercial influenza vaccine production presents potential risks, including reductions in efficacy due to HA gene mutations and supply delays due to scalability challenges. Thus, alternative platforms are needed urgently to replace egg-based methods and efficiently meet the increasing demand for vaccines. In this study, we employed a baculovirus expression vector system to engineer HA, NA, and M1 genes from seasonal influenza strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria, generating virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine antigens, H1N1-VLP, H3N2-VLP, Yamagata-VLP, and Victoria-VLP. We then assessed their functional and antigenic characteristics, including hemagglutination assay, protein composition, morphology, stability, and immunogenicity. We found that recombinant VLPs displayed functional activity, resembling influenza virions in morphology and size while maintaining structural integrity. Comparative immunogenicity assessments in mice showed that our quadrivalent VLPs were consistent in inducing hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers against homologous viruses compared to both commercial recombinant HA and egg-based vaccines (Vaxigrip). The findings highlight insect cell-based VLP vaccines as promising candidates for quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. Further studies are worth conducting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. M. Badruzzaman
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
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9
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Ma Y, Li W, Li J, Qian J, Jiang M, Sun Y, Ma Y, Yang W, Feng L. Association between influenza vaccination and one-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk: A self-controlled case series and matched case-control study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29722. [PMID: 38837255 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Debates surrounding the efficacy of influenza vaccination for survival benefits persist, and there is a lack of data regarding its duration of protection. A self-controlled case series (SCCS) and a 1:4 matched case-control study were conducted using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and public-use mortality data from 2005 to 2018 in the United States. The SCCS study identified participants who received influenza vaccination within 12 months before the survey and subsequently died within 1 year of postvaccination. The matched case-control study paired participants who died during the influenza season at the time of survey with four survivors. Among 1167 participants in the SCCS study, there was a 46% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 43% reduction in cardiovascular mortality within 29-196 days of postvaccination. The greatest protection was observed during days 29-56 (all-cause mortality: RI: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.12-0.29; cardiovascular mortality: RI: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.56). Among 626 cases and 2504 controls included in the matched case-control study, influenza vaccination was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93) during the influenza season. This study highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in reducing the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with effects lasting for approximately 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qian
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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10
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Hamamoto I. Developments and current challenges in the process of cell culture-based seasonal influenza vaccine manufacture in Japan. Glob Health Med 2024; 6:93-100. [PMID: 38690131 PMCID: PMC11043132 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection primarily caused by influenza A and B viruses, which circulate annually and cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annual influenza vaccination is currently the most effective measure for preventing influenza and greatly reduces the risk of disease severity and the incidence of complications and death. Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in Japan and many other countries using viruses propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. However, at present, the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccines has some significant limitations, partly because of egg-adaptive mutations in the antigenic sites of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, which are caused by the continued evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. To overcome the limitations of egg-based influenza vaccine production, a mammalian cell culture-based influenza vaccine production system has been developed in Japan in the past decade as an alternative to the current production method. In this review, I have summarised the progress in the development of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines and discussed the technological challenges encountered in the development of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Cell-based Vaccine Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Serafin B, Kamen A, de Crescenzo G, Henry O. Antibody-independent surface plasmon resonance assays for influenza vaccine quality control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:307. [PMID: 38656587 PMCID: PMC11043112 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors have emerged as a powerful platform for bioprocess monitoring due to their ability to detect biointeractions in real time, without the need for labeling. Paramount for the development of a robust detection platform is the immobilization of a ligand with high specificity and affinity for the in-solution species of interest. Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, much effort has been made toward the development of quality control platforms for influenza A vaccine productions, many of which have employed SPR for detection. Due to the rapid antigenic drift of influenza's principal surface protein, hemagglutinin, antibodies used for immunoassays need to be produced seasonally. The production of these antibodies represents a 6-8-week delay in immunoassay and, thus, vaccine availability. This review focuses on SPR-based assays that do not rely on anti-HA antibodies for the detection, characterization, and quantification of influenza A in bioproductions and biological samples. KEY POINTS: • The single radial immunodiffusion assay (SRID) has been the gold standard for the quantification of influenza vaccines since 1979. Due to antigenic drift of influenza's hemagglutinin protein, new antibody reagents for the SRID assay must be produced each year, requiring 6-8 weeks. The resulting delay in immunoassay availability is a major bottleneck in the influenza vaccine pipeline. This review highlights ligand options for the detection and quantification of influenza viruses using surface plasmon resonance biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Serafin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory de Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Wu CY, Kao SE, Tseng YC, Hou JT, Wu LY, Chen JR. Pilot-scale production of a highly efficacious and stable monoglycosylated influenza split virus vaccine. Vaccine 2024; 42:2220-2228. [PMID: 38582606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The yearly epidemics and unpredictable outbreaks of influenza have raisedserious concernsglobally and led to prioritizing the development of an effective vaccine toprotectagainst newly emerging variants. Previously, we demonstrated that monoglycosylated influenza virus vaccines derived from A/California/7/2009 or an updated A/Brisbane/02/2018 (IVR-190) vaccine strain recommended by WHO are superior to fully glycosylated vaccines and could broadly protect against past and new coming H1N1 variants. However, whether such a monoglycosylated virus vaccine can be mass-produced to meet clinical demands and stable enough to provide consistent efficacy against H1N1 viruses remains unclear. Herein, we developed a platform for the pilot-scale production of the monoglycosylated split virus vaccine from the IVR-190 strain (IVR-190mg) with a robust and cost-effective manufacturing process. The critical parameters of inoculum dose, concentration of kifunensine, and optimized Endo H treatment process were comprehensively investigated. Several aims for preclinical studies of IVR-190mg were achieved, including [i] the execution of three engineering batch runs to validate lot-to-lot consistency, [ii] the establishment of IVR-190mg specifications to meet the acceptance criteria of a conventional influenza vaccine, [iii] an investigation of the stability profile of IVR-190mg, and completion of a safety evaluation by conducting an animal toxicology study. The toxicology study under GLP guidance found no systemic toxicity after rabbits were vaccinated with IVR-190mg. The serological data showed that IVR-190mg is highly immunogenic and effective in inducing a cross-strain protective level of antibody immune responses, including hemagglutination-inhibition titers, viral neutralization activity, and broad HA- and NA-inhibiting antibody titers against past and new H1N1 viruses. In conclusion, this study provides efficacy and safety profiles of IVR-190mg for further clinical study and shows that this vaccine without a glycan shield has great potential to be safe and protective against H1N1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Wu
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-En Kao
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Tzu Hou
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Wu
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
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Nie J, Wang Q, Li C, Zhou Y, Yao X, Xu L, Chang Y, Ding F, Sun L, Zhan L, Zhu L, Xie K, Wang X, Shi Y, Zhao Q, Shan Y. Self-Assembled Multiepitope Nanovaccine Provides Long-Lasting Cross-Protection against Influenza Virus. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303531. [PMID: 37983728 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines typically provide strain-specific protection and are reformulated annually, which is a complex and time-consuming process. Multiepitope vaccines, combining multiple conserved antigenic epitopes from a pathogen, can trigger more robust, diverse, and effective immune responses, providing a potential solution. However, their practical application is hindered by low immunogenicity and short-term effectiveness. In this study, multiple linear epitopes from the conserved stem domain of hemagglutinin and the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 are combined with the Helicobacter pylori ferritin, a stable self-assembled nanoplatform, to develop an influenza multiepitope nanovaccine, named MHF. MHF is prokaryotically expressed in a soluble form and self-assembles into uniform nanoparticles. The subcutaneous immunization of mice with adjuvanted MHF induces cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cellular immunity, offering complete protection against H3N2 as well as partial protection against H1N1. Importantly, the vaccine cargo delivered by ferritin triggers epitope-specific memory B-cell responses, with antibody level persisting for over 6 months post-immunization. These findings indicate that self-assembled multiepitope nanovaccines elicit potent and long-lasting immune responses while significantly reducing the risk of vaccine escape mutants, and offer greater practicality in terms of scalable manufacturing and genetic manipulability, presenting a promising and effective strategy for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 519000, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yongfei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xin Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yaotian Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fan Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Li Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lvzhou Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Kunpeng Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 519000, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 519000, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
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Allen JD, Ross TM. mRNA vaccines encoding computationally optimized hemagglutinin elicit protective antibodies against future antigenically drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 2018-2020. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334670. [PMID: 38533508 PMCID: PMC10963417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has successfully validated the safety and efficacy of the platform, while at the same time revealing the potential for their applications against other infectious diseases. Traditional seasonal influenza vaccines often induce strain specific antibody responses that offer limited protection against antigenically drifted viruses, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. Modern advances in viral surveillance and sequencing have led to the development of in-silico methodologies for generating computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) to improve seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods In this study, immunologically naïve mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results Mice vaccinated with H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines generated robust neutralizing serum antibody responses against more antigenically distinct contemporary and future drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains than those vaccinated with WT H1 and H3 HA-encoding mRNA vaccines. The H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines also prevented influenza illness, including severe disease in the mouse model against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Conclusions This study highlights the potential benefits of combining universal influenza antigen design technology with modern vaccine delivery platforms and exhibits how these vaccines can be advantageous over traditional WT vaccine antigens at eliciting superior protective antibody responses against a broader number of influenza virus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Kassianos G, Cohen JM, Civljak R, Davidovitch N, Pecurariu OF, Froes F, Galev A, Ivaskeviciene I, Kõivumägi K, Kristufkova Z, Kuchar E, Kyncl J, Maltezou HC, Marković M, Nitsch-Osuch A, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Rossi A, Schelling J, van Essen GA, Zavadska D. The influenza landscape and vaccination coverage in older adults during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic: data from Several European Countries and Israel. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:69-84. [PMID: 38652642 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2340470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel. AREAS COVERED Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons. Information on the framework for monitoring the disease burden and the provision for ensuring older adults had access to vaccination in their respective countries was provided. Data on influenza VCR in older adults were collected for the 2019/20 to 2022/23 influenza seasons. Data are reported descriptively. EXPERT OPINION Influenza presents a significant healthcare burden in older adults. Reporting outcomes across participating countries is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for standardized approaches. Although older adults receive free influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake is highly variable among countries. Moreover, hospitalization rates remain high even in countries reporting a high VCR. Increased awareness and education on the burden of disease and the broader use of improved influenza vaccines for older adults may help reduce the disease burden on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Marie Cohen
- Open Rome, Paris, France
- Labo UR4129 / P2S, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Rok Civljak
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Acute Respiratory Infections (Head), Dr. Fran Mihaljevic University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Ben Guiron University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oana Falup Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- Children's Clinic Hospital, Brasov, Romania
| | - Filipe Froes
- Thorax Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrei Galev
- Scientific Applied Center for Military Epidemiology and Hygiene, Military Medical Academy, Sofiâ, Bulgaria
| | - Inga Ivaskeviciene
- Paediatirc Infectious Disease, Clinic of Children'sChildren's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kadri Kõivumägi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zuzana Kristufkova
- Medical Epidemiologist and Head of Department, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Head of Department,Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Kyncl
- Medical Epidemiologist and Head of Department, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena C Maltezou
- Research, Studies, and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - Miloš Marković
- Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu
- National Influenza Centre, Hospital Clínico Universitario and University of Valladolid, Valladoild, Spain
| | | | - Jörg Schelling
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland, Europe
| | | | - Dace Zavadska
- Department of Paediatrics, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Europe
- Family Vaccination Centre, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Lim CML, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAAB, Radhakrishnan AK, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13276. [PMID: 38513364 PMCID: PMC10957243 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Myn Li Lim
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
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Yang Z, Yu S, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Li L, Sun J, Wang X, Guo Y, Zhang Y. The Screening and Mechanism of Influenza-Virus Sensitive MDCK Cell Lines for Influenza Vaccine Production. Diseases 2024; 12:20. [PMID: 38248371 PMCID: PMC10814076 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a potentially fatal acute respiratory viral disease caused by the influenza virus. Influenza viruses vary in antigenicity and spread rapidly, resulting in seasonal epidemics. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for lowering the incidence and fatality rates of influenza-related disorders, and it is also an important method for reducing seasonal influenza infections. Mammalian Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines are recommended for influenza virus growth, and such cell lines have been utilized in several commercial influenza vaccine productions. The limit dilution approach was used to screen ATCC-MDCK cell line subcellular strains that are especially sensitive to H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY influenza viruses to increase virus production, and research on influenza virus culture media was performed to support influenza virus vaccine development. We also used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and a GSEA analysis to determine the biological mechanisms underlying the various levels of susceptibility of cells to influenza viruses. MDCK cell subline 2B6 can be cultured to increase titer and the production of the H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY influenza viruses. MDCK-2B6 has a significantly enriched and activated in ECM receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling, and cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways, which may result in increased cellular susceptibility and cell proliferation activity to influenza viruses, promote viral adsorption and replication, and elevate viral production, ultimately. The study revealed that MDCK-2B6 can increase the influenza virus titer and yield in vaccine production by increasing cell sensitivity and enhancing proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuntao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing 100176, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
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18
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Huang KH, Xie WT, Wang JY, Yeh TF, Tsai TH, Chang YC. Factors Associated With Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy: A Real-World Evidence-Based Study. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241229635. [PMID: 38288548 PMCID: PMC10826373 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241229635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women are at increased risk of influenza-related complications. However, the rate of influenza vaccination among pregnant women in Taiwan is low. By analyzing real-world data in this study, we investigated the factors associated with influenza vaccination during pregnancy in Taiwan. This study was a cross-sectional study. We collected real-world data from 2 databases in Taiwan: the Birth Certificate Database and the National Health Insurance Research Database. The study population was pregnant between October 2014 and December 2016 in Taiwan. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination, including maternal sociodemographics, trimester, comorbidities, and health-care utilization. The vaccination rate of among pregnant women was 8.2%. Factors significantly associated with a high likelihood of influenza vaccination were age between 30 and 34 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.19), second trimester (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.75-1.85), income equal to or exceeding NT$ 38 201 (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.86-1.99), hypertension (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.29), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.17-1.42), autoimmune disease (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.38-1.58), and chronic pulmonary disease (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18-1.31). A low level of urbanization, at least 1 hospitalization in the previous year, and the presence of pregnancy complications (eg, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and placenta previa) were associated with a lower likelihood rate of influenza vaccination. The influenza vaccination rate among pregnant women in Taiwan was low. Age, gestational age, income level, urbanization level, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, chronic pulmonary disease, and pregnancy complications may be associated with influenza vaccination among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hua Huang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Xie
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Wang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Feng Yeh
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Long Term Care, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County, Taiwan
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Shi H, Ross TM. Inactivated recombinant influenza vaccine: the promising direction for the next generation of influenza vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:409-418. [PMID: 38509022 PMCID: PMC11056089 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2333338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is the most effective method to control the prevalence of seasonal influenza and the most widely used influenza vaccine is the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Each season, the influenza vaccine must be updated to be most effective against current circulating variants. Therefore, developing a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can elicit both broad and durable protection is of the utmost importance. AREA COVERED This review summarizes and compares the available influenza vaccines in the market and inactivation methods used for manufacturing IIVs. Then, we discuss the latest progress of the UIV development in the IIV format and the challenges to address for moving these vaccine candidates to clinical trials and commercialization. The literature search was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the PubMed databases. EXPERT OPINION The unmet need for UIV is the primary aim of developing the next generation of influenza vaccines. The IIV has high antigenicity and a refined manufacturing process compared to most other formats. Developing the UIV in IIV format is a promising direction with advanced biomolecular technologies and next-generation adjuvant. It also inspires the development of universal vaccines for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Zhang J, Liu C, Jia R, Zhang X, Zhang J, Bertagnin C, Bonomini A, Guizzo L, Jiang Y, Jia H, Jia S, Ma X, Loregian A, Huang B, Zhan P, Liu X. A novel N-heterocycles substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase: discovery, synthesis and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2277135. [PMID: 37955306 PMCID: PMC10653643 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2277135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the introduction of structurally diverse benzyl side chains at the C5-NH2 position of oseltamivir to occupy 150-cavity contributes to the binding affinity with neuraminidase and anti-influenza activity. To obtain broad-spectrum neuraminidase inhibitors, we designed and synthesised a series of novel oseltamivir derivatives bearing different N-heterocycles substituents that have been proved to induce opening of the 150-loop of group-2 neuraminidases. Among them, compound 6k bearing 4-((r)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl) benzyl group exhibited antiviral activities similar to or weaker than those of oseltamivir carboxylate against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6 and H5N1-H274Y mutant neuraminidases. More encouragingly, 6k displayed nearly 3-fold activity enhancement against H3N2 virus over oseltamivir carboxylate and 2-fold activity enhancement over zanamivir. Molecular docking studies provided insights into the explanation of its broad-spectrum potency against wild-type neuraminidases. Overall, as a promising lead compound, 6k deserves further optimisation by fully considering the ligand induced flexibility of the 150-loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Bonomini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Guizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yuanmin Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huinan Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Coleman BL, Gutmanis I, McGovern I, Haag M. Effectiveness of Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1607. [PMID: 37897009 PMCID: PMC10610589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based seasonal influenza vaccine viruses may more closely match recommended vaccine strains than egg-based options. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of seasonal cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc), as reported in the published literature. A systematic literature review was conducted (PROSPERO CRD42020160851) to identify publications reporting on the effectiveness of QIVc in persons aged ≥6 months relative to no vaccination or to standard-dose, egg-based quadrivalent or trivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe/TIVe). Publications from between 1 January 2016 and 25 February 2022 were considered. The review identified 18 relevant publications spanning three influenza seasons from the 2017-2020 period, with an overall pooled relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of 8.4% (95% CI, 6.5-10.2%) for QIVc vs. QIVe/TIVe. Among persons aged 4-64 years, the pooled rVE was 16.2% (95% CI, 7.6-24.8%) for 2017-2018, 6.1% (4.9-7.3%) for 2018-2019, and 10.1% (6.3-14.0%) for 2019-2020. For adults aged ≥65 years, the pooled rVE was 9.9% (95% CI, 6.9-12.9%) in the egg-adapted 2017-2018 season, whereas there was no significant difference in 2018-2019. For persons aged 4-64 years, QIVc was consistently more effective than QIVe/TIVe over the three influenza seasons. For persons aged ≥65 years, protection with QIVc was greater than QIVe or TIVe during the 2017-2018 season and comparable in 2018-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L. Coleman
- Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada;
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Iris Gutmanis
- Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | - Mendel Haag
- CSL Seqirus, 1105 BJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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He X, Zhang T, Huan S, Yang Y. Novel Influenza Vaccines: From Research and Development (R&D) Challenges to Regulatory Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1573. [PMID: 37896976 PMCID: PMC10610648 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines faced significant challenges in achieving sufficient protective efficacy and production efficiency in the past. In recent decades, novel influenza vaccines, characterized by efficient and scalable production, advanced platforms, and new adjuvant technologies, have overcome some of these weaknesses and have been widely licensed. Furthermore, researchers are actively pursuing the development of next-generation and universal influenza vaccines to provide comprehensive protection against potential pandemic subtypes or strains. However, new challenges have emerged as these novel vaccines undergo evaluation and authorization. In this review, we primarily outline the critical challenges and advancements in research and development (R&D) and highlight the improvements in regulatory responses for influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shitong Huan
- China Office, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Tofan VC, Ermeneanu AL, Caraș I, Lenghel A, Ionescu IE, Țucureanu C, Gal C, Stăvaru CG, Onu A. Generation of a DSF-Guided Refolded Bacterially Expressed Hemagglutinin Ectodomain of Influenza Virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 as a Model for Influenza Vaccine Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1520. [PMID: 37896924 PMCID: PMC10610769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections represent an ongoing public health threat as well as an economic burden. Although seasonal influenza vaccines have been available for some decades, efforts are being made to generate new efficient, flexible, and cost-effective technologies to be transferred into production. Our work describes the development of a model influenza hemagglutinin antigen that is capable of inducing protection against viral challenge in mice. High amounts of the H1 hemagglutinin ectodomain, HA18-528, were expressed in a bacterial system as insoluble inclusion bodies. Solubilization was followed by a thorough differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF)-guided optimization of refolding, which allows for fast and reliable screening of several refolding conditions, yielding tens of milligrams/L of folded protein. Structural and functional analysis revealed native-like folding as well as the presence of a mix of monomers and oligomers in solution. Mice immunized with HA18-528 were protected when exposed to influenza A virus as opposed to mice that received full-length denatured protein. Sera of mice immunized with HA18-528 showed both high titers of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes as well as viral neutralization activity. These results prove the feasibility of the recombinant bacterial expression system coupled with DSF-guided refolding in providing influenza hemagglutinin for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad-Constantin Tofan
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Andreea-Laura Ermeneanu
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Iuliana Caraș
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Alina Lenghel
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Irina-Elena Ionescu
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Cătălin Țucureanu
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Claudiu Gal
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Crina-Georgeta Stăvaru
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Adrian Onu
- “Cantacuzino” Institute, 050096 Bucharest, Romania (I.C.); (I.-E.I.); (C.Ț.); (C.-G.S.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 040317 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Sepasi A, Ghafourian M, Taghizadeh M, Mahdavi M. Formulation of Recombinant H1N1 Hemagglutinin in MF59 and Alum Adjuvants: A Comparison of the Vaccines Potency and Efficacy in BALB/C Mice. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:401-408. [PMID: 37504965 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported the expression and potency of the recombinant H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine as our in-house vaccine in a BALB/c mouse model. Recombinant H1N1 HA was produced in SF9 cell line, purified and formulated in MF59 adjuvant. Experimental mice were injected on days 0 and 14 with MF59-formulated vaccine, alum-based vaccine, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ were assessed with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody responses and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition and granzyme B ELISA, respectively. Moreover, the mice were challenged to show the vaccine efficacy. A considerable rise in IFN-γ and IL-4, as well as IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, was observed in comparison with the alum-based vaccine and PBS group. Furthermore, our candidate vaccine showed superiority in humoral immune responses and CTL activity versus the alum-based vaccine and PBS group. The challenge showed that the survival rate in the vaccinated groups revealed a significant increase as compared with that in the PBS group. In conclusion, our candidate vaccine showed a robust Th1 response and CTL activity the alum-based vaccine. Moreover, a significant humoral immune response and a higher survival rate were detected in our vaccine as compared with the alum-based vaccine. It seems that the superiority of the MF59-based vaccine is due to the type of vaccine formulation in the candidate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Sepasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Wu CY, Kao SE, Tseng YC, Lin YP, Hou JT, Wu LY, Chiu S, Ma CA, Hsiao PW, Hsiao J, Chen JR. Pilot-scale production of inactivated monoglycosylated split H 1N 1 influenza virus vaccine provides cross-strain protection against influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105640. [PMID: 37263355 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics and pandemics caused by newly emerging virus strains highlight an urgent need to develop a universal vaccine against viruses. Previously, a monoglycosylated X-181mg vaccine demonstrated that the HA possessing a single N-acetylglucosamine at each N-glycosylation site is superior to confer broader protection in mice than conventional vaccines. However, the greatest challenge in conducting clinical trials is the need to develop robust manufacturing processes capable of producing vaccines at the pilot scale with the desired stability, potency, and efficacy. Whether the monoglycosylated virus vaccine platform can be applied to the new vaccine strain in a timely manner and whether the mass-produced vaccine has the proper immunogenicity to induce cross-protective immunity remains unclear. Here, we show that a pilot-scale manufacturing process produced a monoglycosylated A/Brisbane/02/2018(H1N1) virus vaccine (IVR-190mg) with a single glycan at each glycosylation site of HA and NA. Compared with the fully glycosylated virus vaccine (IVR-190fg), the IVR-190mg provided broader cross-protection in mice against a wide range of H1N1 variants. The enhanced antibody responses induced by IVR-190mg immunization include higher hemagglutination-inhibition titers, higher neutralization activity, more anti-HA head domain, more anti-HA stem antibodies, higher neuraminidase activity inhibition titers, and notably, higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Additionally, the IVR-190mg also induced a more balanced Th1/Th2 response and elicited broader splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses than IVR-190fg. This study demonstrated that IVR-190mg produced using a pilot-scale manufacturing process elicits comprehensive cross-strain immune responses that have great potential to substantially mitigate the need for yearly reformulation of strain-specific inactivated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-En Kao
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Po Lin
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tzu Hou
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Wu
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sharon Chiu
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Alex Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Hsiao
- RuenHuei Biopharmaceuticals Inc. Taipei, Taiwan; OPKO Health Inc. Miami, Florida, USA
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26
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Cadar AN, Martin DE, Bartley JM. Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37198683 PMCID: PMC10189223 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in immune response pose a challenge in combating diseases later in life. Influenza (flu) infection remains a significant burden on older populations and often results in catastrophic disability in those who survive infection. Despite having vaccines designed specifically for older adults, the burden of flu remains high and overall flu vaccine efficacy remains inadequate in this population. Recent geroscience research has highlighted the utility in targeting biological aging to improve multiple age-related declines. Indeed, the response to vaccination is highly coordinated, and diminished responses in older adults are likely not due to a singular deficit, but rather a multitude of age-related declines. In this review we highlight deficits in the aged vaccine responses and potential geroscience guided approaches to overcome these deficits. More specifically, we propose that alternative vaccine platforms and interventions that target the hallmarks of aging, including inflammation, cellular senescence, microbiome disturbances, and mitochondrial dysfunction, may improve vaccine responses and overall immunological resilience in older adults. Elucidating novel interventions and approaches that enhance immunological protection from vaccination is crucial to minimize the disproportionate effect of flu and other infectious diseases on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia N Cadar
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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27
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Sharp CP, Thompson BH, Nash TJ, Diebold O, Pinto RM, Thorley L, Lin YT, Sives S, Wise H, Clohisey Hendry S, Grey F, Vervelde L, Simmonds P, Digard P, Gaunt ER. CpG dinucleotide enrichment in the influenza A virus genome as a live attenuated vaccine development strategy. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011357. [PMID: 37146066 PMCID: PMC10191365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synonymous recoding of RNA virus genomes is a promising approach for generating attenuated viruses to use as vaccines. Problematically, recoding typically hinders virus growth, but this may be rectified using CpG dinucleotide enrichment. CpGs are recognised by cellular zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP), and so in principle, removing ZAP sensing from a virus propagation system will reverse attenuation of a CpG-enriched virus, enabling high titre yield of a vaccine virus. We tested this using a vaccine strain of influenza A virus (IAV) engineered for increased CpG content in genome segment 1. Virus attenuation was mediated by the short isoform of ZAP, correlated with the number of CpGs added, and was enacted via turnover of viral transcripts. The CpG-enriched virus was strongly attenuated in mice, yet conveyed protection from a potentially lethal challenge dose of wildtype virus. Importantly for vaccine development, CpG-enriched viruses were genetically stable during serial passage. Unexpectedly, in both MDCK cells and embryonated hens' eggs that are used to propagate live attenuated influenza vaccines, the ZAP-sensitive virus was fully replication competent. Thus, ZAP-sensitive CpG enriched viruses that are defective in human systems can yield high titre in vaccine propagation systems, providing a realistic, economically viable platform to augment existing live attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. Sharp
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Beth H. Thompson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa J. Nash
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Ola Diebold
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Rute M. Pinto
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Thorley
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Yao-Tang Lin
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Sives
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wise
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Clohisey Hendry
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Finn Grey
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Digard
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor R. Gaunt
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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28
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Cable J, Sun J, Cheon IS, Vaughan AE, Castro IA, Stein SR, López CB, Gostic KM, Openshaw PJM, Ellebedy AH, Wack A, Hutchinson E, Thomas MM, Langlois RA, Lingwood D, Baker SF, Folkins M, Foxman EF, Ward AB, Schwemmle M, Russell AB, Chiu C, Ganti K, Subbarao K, Sheahan TP, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Eddens T. Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:60-73. [PMID: 36722473 PMCID: PMC10580159 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Italo A Castro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney R Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs; and Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven F Baker
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melanie Folkins
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair B Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Ganti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Pediatric Scientist Development Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030682. [PMID: 36992266 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently approaching three years since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive disruptions in everyday life, public health, and the global economy. Thus far, the vaccine has worked better than expected against the virus. During the pandemic, we experienced several things, such as the virus and its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments; emerging variants; different vaccines; and the vaccine development processes. This review describes how each vaccine has been developed and approved with the help of modern technology. We also discuss critical milestones during the vaccine development process. Several lessons were learned from different countries during the two years of vaccine research, development, clinical trials, and vaccination. The lessons learned during the vaccine development process will help to fight the next pandemic.
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30
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Deng X, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Chen J, Li M, Yang J, Yu H. Regional characteristics of influenza seasonality patterns in mainland China, 2005-2017: a statistical modeling study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:91-97. [PMID: 36581188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the seasonal and antigenic characteristics of influenza to help understand influenza activity and inform vaccine recommendations. METHODS We employed a generalized linear model with harmonic terms to quantify the seasonal pattern of influenza in China from 2005-2017, including amplitude (circulatory intensity), semiannual periodicity (given two peaks a year), annual peak time, and epidemic duration. The antigenic differences were distinguished as antigenic similarity between 2009 and 2020. We categorized regions above 33° N, between 27° N and 33° N, and below 27° N as the north, central, and south regions, respectively. RESULTS We estimated that the amplitude in the north region (median: 0.019, 95% CI: 0.018-0.021) was significantly higher than that in the central region (median: 0.011, 95% CI: 0.01-0.012, P <0.001) and south region (median: 0.008, 95% CI: 0.007-0.008, P <0.001) for influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2). The A/H3N2 in the central region had a semiannual periodicity (median: 0.548, 95% CI: 0.517-0.577), while no semiannual pattern was found in other regions or subtypes/lineages. The antigenic similarity was low (below 50% in the 2009-2010, 2014-2015, 2016-2018, and 2019-2020 seasons) for A/H3N2. CONCLUSION Our study depicted the seasonal pattern differences and antigenic differences of influenza in China, which provides information for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyao Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Nie J, Wang Q, Jin S, Yao X, Xu L, Chang Y, Ding F, Li Z, Sun L, Shi Y, Shan Y. Self-assembled multiepitope nanovaccine based on NoV P particles induces effective and lasting protection against H3N2 influenza virus. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:7337-7346. [PMID: 36820263 PMCID: PMC9933037 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza vaccines confer only limited coverage of virus strains due to the frequent genetic and antigenic variability of influenza virus (IV). Epitope vaccines that accurately target conserved domains provide a promising approach to increase the breadth of protection; however, poor immunogenicity greatly hinders their application. The protruding (P) domain of the norovirus (NoV), which can self-assemble into a 24-mer particle called the NoV P particle, offers an ideal antigen presentation platform. In this study, a multiepitope nanovaccine displaying influenza epitopes (HMN-PP) was constructed based on the NoV P particle nanoplatform. Large amounts of HMN-PP were easily expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble form. Animal experiments showed that the adjuvanted HMN-PP nanovaccine induced epitope-specific antibodies and haemagglutinin (HA)-specific neutralizing antibodies, and the antibodies could persist for at least three months after the last immunization. Furthermore, HMN-PP induced matrix protein 2 extracellular domain (M2e)-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, and a nucleoprotein (NP)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. These results indicated that the combination of a multiepitope vaccine and self-assembled NoV P particles may be an ideal and effective vaccine strategy for highly variable viruses such as IV and SARS-CoV-2. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5395-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Shenghui Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Xin Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Yaotian Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Fan Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Zeyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Lulu Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130012 China
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Bagga S, Krishnan A, Dar L. Revisiting live attenuated influenza vaccine efficacy among children in developing countries. Vaccine 2023; 41:1009-1017. [PMID: 36604216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics cause significant pediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) can be administered intranasally, induce a broad and robust immune response, demonstrate higher yields during manufacturing as compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs), and thereby represent an attractive possibility for young children in developing countries. We summarize recent pediatric studies evaluating LAIV efficacy in developing countries where a large proportion of the influenza-virus-associated respiratory disease burden occurs. Recently, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing Russian-backbone trivalent LAIV in children reported contradictory results; vaccine efficacy varied between Bangladesh (41 %) and Senegal (0.0 %) against all influenza viral strains. Prior to 2013, Ann Arbor-based LAIV demonstrated superior efficacy as compared to IIV. However, due to low effectiveness of the Ann Arbor-based LAIV against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-like viruses, the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended against the use of LAIV during the 2016-17 and 2017-18 influenza seasons. Reduced replicative fitness of the A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV strains is thought to have led to the low effectiveness of the Ann-Arbor-based LAIV. Once the A(H1N1)pdm09 component was updated, the ACIP reintroduced the Ann-Arbor-based LAIV as a vaccine choice for the 2018-19 influenza season. In 2021, results from a 2-year RCT evaluating the Russian-backbone trivalent LAIV in rural north India reported that LAIV demonstrated significantly lower efficacy compared to IIV, but in Year 2, the vaccine efficacy for LAIV and IIV was comparable. A profounder understanding of the mechanisms underlying varied efficacy of LAIV in developing countries is warranted. Assessing replicative fitness, in addition to antigenicity, when selecting annual A(H1N1)pdm09 components in the Russian-backbone trivalent LAIVs is essential and may ultimately, enable widespread utility in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Bagga
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Ueng KC, Chiang CE, Chao TH, Wu YW, Lee WL, Li YH, Ting KH, Su CH, Lin HJ, Su TC, Liu TJ, Lin TH, Hsu PC, Wang YC, Chen ZC, Jen HL, Lin PL, Ko FY, Yen HW, Chen WJ, Hou CJY. 2023 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndrome. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:4-96. [PMID: 36685161 PMCID: PMC9829849 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202301_39(1).20221103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) covers a wide spectrum from persons who are asymptomatic to those presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden cardiac death. Coronary atherosclerotic disease is a chronic, progressive process that leads to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression within the epicardial coronary arteries. Being a dynamic process, CAD generally presents with a prolonged stable phase, which may then suddenly become unstable and lead to an acute coronary event. Thus, the concept of "stable CAD" may be misleading, as the risk for acute events continues to exist, despite the use of pharmacological therapies and revascularization. Many advances in coronary care have been made, and guidelines from other international societies have been updated. The 2023 guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for CAD introduce a new concept that categorizes the disease entity according to its clinical presentation into acute or chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS, respectively). Previously defined as stable CAD, CCS include a heterogeneous population with or without chest pain, with or without prior ACS, and with or without previous coronary revascularization procedures. As cardiologists, we now face the complexity of CAD, which involves not only the epicardial but also the microcirculatory domains of the coronary circulation and the myocardium. New findings about the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis have changed the clinical landscape. After a nearly 50-year ischemia-centric paradigm of coronary stenosis, growing evidence indicates that coronary atherosclerosis and its features are both diagnostic and therapeutic targets beyond obstructive CAD. Taken together, these factors have shifted the clinicians' focus from the functional evaluation of coronary ischemia to the anatomic burden of disease. Research over the past decades has strengthened the case for prevention and optimal medical therapy as central interventions in patients with CCS. Even though functional capacity has clear prognostic implications, it does not include the evaluation of non-obstructive lesions, plaque burden or additional risk-modifying factors beyond epicardial coronary stenosis-driven ischemia. The recommended first-line diagnostic tests for CCS now include coronary computed tomographic angiography, an increasingly used anatomic imaging modality capable of detecting not only obstructive but also non-obstructive coronary plaques that may be missed with stress testing. This non-invasive anatomical modality improves risk assessment and potentially allows for the appropriate allocation of preventive therapies. Initial invasive strategies cannot improve mortality or the risk of myocardial infarction. Emphasis should be placed on optimizing the control of risk factors through preventive measures, and invasive strategies should be reserved for highly selected patients with refractory symptoms, high ischemic burden, high-risk anatomies, and hemodynamically significant lesions. These guidelines provide current evidence-based diagnosis and treatment recommendations. However, the guidelines are not mandatory, and members of the Task Force fully realize that the treatment of CCS should be individualized to address each patient's circumstances. Ultimately, the decision of healthcare professionals is most important in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Ke-Hsin Ting
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yunlin Christian Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Po-Chao Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan
| | - Hsu-Lung Jen
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Feng-You Ko
- Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Charles Jia-Yin Hou
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Seah A, Loo LH, Jamali N, Maiwald M, Aik J. The influence of air quality and meteorological variations on influenza A and B virus infections in a paediatric population in Singapore. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114453. [PMID: 36183790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza is an important cause of paediatric illness across the globe. However, information about the relationships between air pollution, meteorological variability and paediatric influenza A and B infections in tropical settings is limited. METHODS We analysed all daily reports of influenza A and B infections in children <5 years old obtained from the largest specialist women and children's hospital in Singapore. In separate negative binomial regression models, we assessed the dependence of paediatric influenza A and B infections on air quality and meteorological variability, using multivariable fractional polynomial modelling and adjusting for time-varying confounders. RESULTS Approximately 80% of 7329 laboratory-confirmed reports were caused by influenza A. We observed positive associations between sulphur dioxide (SO2) exposure and the subsequent risk of infection with both influenza types. We observed evidence of a harvesting effect of SO2 on Influenza A but not Influenza B. Ambient temperature was associated with a decline in influenza A reports (Relative Risk at lag 5 [RRlag5]: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.916-0.983). Rainfall was positively associated with a subsequent increase in influenza A reports (RRlag3: 1.044, 95% CI: 1.017-1.071). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration was positively associated with influenza B reports (RRlag5: 1.015, 95% CI: 1.005-1.025). There was a non-linear association between CO and influenza B reports. Absolute humidity increased the ensuing risk of influenza B (RRlag5: 4.799, 95% CI: 2.277-10.118). Influenza A and B infections displayed dissimilar but predictable within-year seasonal patterns. CONCLUSIONS We observed different independent associations between air quality and meteorological variability with paediatric influenza A and B infections. Anticipated seasonal infection peaks and variations in air quality and meteorological parameters can inform the timing of community measures aimed at reducing influenza infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Seah
- Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #13-00, 228231, Singapore.
| | - Liat Hui Loo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Natasha Jamali
- Environmental Monitoring and Modelling Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, #13-00, 228231, Singapore.
| | - Matthias Maiwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road Level 11, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Joel Aik
- Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Division, National Environment Agency, 40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #13-00, 228231, Singapore; Pre-Hospital & Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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Patil V, Hernandez-Franco JF, Yadagiri G, Bugybayeva D, Dolatyabi S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Schrock J, Hanson J, Ngunjiri J, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. A split influenza vaccine formulated with a combination adjuvant composed of alpha-D-glucan nanoparticles and a STING agonist elicits cross-protective immunity in pigs. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:477. [PMID: 36369044 PMCID: PMC9652892 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) pose an economic and pandemic threat, and development of novel effective vaccines is of critical significance. We evaluated the performance of split swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N2 antigens with a plant-derived nanoparticle adjuvant alone (Nano-11) [Nano11-SwIAV] or in combination with the synthetic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist ADU-S100 (NanoS100-SwIAV). Specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were vaccinated twice via intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) routes and challenged with a virulent heterologous SwIAV H1N1-OH7 virus. RESULTS Animals vaccinated IM or ID with NanoS100-SwIAV had significantly increased cross-reactive IgG and IgA titers in serum, nasal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at day post challenge 6 (DPC6). Furthermore, NanoS100-SwIAV ID vaccinates, even at half the vaccine dose compared to their IM vaccinated counterparts, had significantly increased frequencies of CXCL10+ myeloid cells in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN), and IFNγ+ effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total T-helper/memory cells, central and effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and early effector CTLs in blood compared with the Nano11-SwIAV group demonstrating a potential dose-sparing effect and induction of a strong IL-17A+ T-helper/memory (Th17) response in the periphery. However, the frequencies of IFNγ+ late effector CTLs and effector memory T-helper/memory cells, IL-17A+ total CTLs, late effector CTLs, and CXCL10+ myeloid cells in blood, as well as lung CXCL10+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells were increased in NanoS100-SwIAV IM vaccinated pigs. Increased expression of IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA was observed in TBLN of Nano-11 based IM vaccinates following challenge. Furthermore, the challenge virus load in the lungs and nasal passage was undetectable in NanoS100-SwIAV IM vaccinates by DPC6 along with reduced macroscopic lung lesions and significantly higher virus neutralization titers in lungs at DPC6. However, NanoS100-SwIAV ID vaccinates exhibited significant reduction of challenge virus titers in nasal passages and a remarkable reduction of challenge virus in lungs. CONCLUSIONS Despite vast genetic difference (77% HA gene identity) between the H1N2 and H1N1 SwIAV, the NanoS100 adjuvanted vaccine elicited cross protective cell mediated immune responses, suggesting the potential role of this combination adjuvant in inducing cross-protective immunity in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Patil
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - J. F. Hernandez-Franco
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - G. Yadagiri
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - D. Bugybayeva
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA ,International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Dolatyabi
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - N. Feliciano-Ruiz
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - J. Schrock
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - J. Hanson
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - J. Ngunjiri
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - H. HogenEsch
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - G. J. Renukaradhya
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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Serial Passaging of Seasonal H3N2 Influenza A/Singapore/G2-31.1/2014 Virus in MDCK-SIAT1 Cells and Primary Chick Embryo Cells Generates HA D457G Mutation and Other Variants in HA, NA, PB1, PB1-F2, and NS1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012408. [PMID: 36293269 PMCID: PMC9604028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the most prevalent viruses circulating amongst humans and has resulted in several pandemics. The prevention and control of H3N2 influenza is complicated by its propensity for evolution, which leads to vaccine mismatch and reduced vaccine efficacies. This study employed the strategy of serial passaging to compare the evolution of the human seasonal influenza strain A/Singapore/G2-31.1/2014(H3N2) in MDCK-SIAT1 versus primary chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Genetic analysis of the HA, NS1, NA, and PB1 gene segments by Sanger sequencing revealed the presence of specific mutations and a repertoire of viral quasispecies following serial passaging. Most quasispecies were also found in PB1, which exhibited consistently high transversion-to-transition ratios in all five MDCK-SIAT1 passages. Most notably, passage 5 virus harbored the D457G substitution in the HA2 subunit, while passage 3 virus acquired K53Q and Q69H mutations in PB1-F2. An A971 variant leading to a non-synonymous R316Q substitution in PB1 was also identified in MDCK-SIAT1 passages 2 and 4. With an increasing number of passages, the proportion of D457G mutations progressively increased and was associated with larger virus plaque sizes. However, microneutralization assays revealed no significant differences in the neutralizing antibody profiles of human-influenza-immune serum samples against pre-passaged virus and passage 5 virus. In contrast, viable virus was only detected in passage 1 of CEF cells, which gave rise to multiple viral RNA quasispecies. Our findings highlight that serial passaging is able to drive differential adaptation of H3N2 influenza in different host species and may alter viral virulence. More studies are warranted to elucidate the complex relationships between H3N2 virus evolution, viral virulence changes, and low vaccine efficacy.
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Abstract
Current influenza vaccines, while being the best method of managing viral outbreaks, have several major drawbacks that prevent them from being wholly-effective. They need to be updated regularly and require extensive resources to develop. When considering alternatives, the recent deployment of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has created a unique opportunity to evaluate a new platform for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. The mRNA format has previously been examined for application to influenza and promising data suggest it may be a viable format for next-generation influenza vaccines. Here, we discuss the prospect of shifting global influenza vaccination efforts to an mRNA-based system that might allow better control over the product and immune responses and could aid in the development of a universal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Shartouny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (Emory-CEIRR), USA
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Kiseleva I. Current Opinion in LAIV: A Matter of Parent Virus Choice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6815. [PMID: 35743258 PMCID: PMC9224562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is still a frequent seasonal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which may have deadly consequences, especially for the elderly. This is in spite of the availability of vaccines suggested for persons above 65 years of age. Two types of conventional influenza vaccines are currently licensed for use-live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Depending on local regulatory requirements, live attenuated vaccines are produced by the reverse genetics technique or by classical reassortment in embryonated chicken eggs. Sometimes, the efficiency of classical reassortment is complicated by certain properties of the wild-type parent virus. Cases of low efficacy of vaccines have been noted, which, among other reasons, may be associated with suboptimal properties of the wild-type parent virus that are not considered when recommendations for influenza vaccine composition are made. Unfortunately, knowledge surrounding the roles of properties of the circulating influenza virus and its impact on the efficacy of the reassortment process, vaccination efficiency, the infectivity of the vaccine candidates, etc., is now scattered in different publications. This review summarizes the main features of the influenza virus that may dramatically affect different aspects of the preparation of egg-derived live attenuated vaccine candidates and their effectiveness. The author expresses her personal view, which may not coincide with the opinion of other experts in the field of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Whitlock F, Murcia PR, Newton JR. A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061312. [PMID: 35746783 PMCID: PMC9229935 DOI: 10.3390/v14061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a main natural reservoir in wild birds. IAVs are highly contagious, continually evolve, and have a wide host range that includes various mammalian species including horses, pigs, and humans. Furthering our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and cross-species transmissions is therefore essential. This review focuses on what is known regarding equine influenza virus (EIV) virology, pathogenesis, immune responses, clinical aspects, epidemiology (including factors contributing to local, national, and international transmission), surveillance, and preventive measures such as vaccines. We compare EIV and human influenza viruses and discuss parallels that can be drawn between them. We highlight differences in evolutionary rates between EIV and human IAVs, their impact on antigenic drift, and vaccine strain updates. We also describe the approaches used for the control of equine influenza (EI), which originated from those used in the human field, including surveillance networks and virological analysis methods. Finally, as vaccination in both species remains the cornerstone of disease mitigation, vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies against influenza in horses and humans are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Whitlock
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (F.W.); (P.R.M.)
- Equine Infectious Disease Surveillance (EIDS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Pablo R. Murcia
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (F.W.); (P.R.M.)
| | - J. Richard Newton
- Equine Infectious Disease Surveillance (EIDS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
- Correspondence:
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40
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Carascal MB, Pavon RDN, Rivera WL. Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878943. [PMID: 35663997 PMCID: PMC9162156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines. An important property of universal vaccines is their ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, i.e., a wide immune response coverage toward different influenza subtypes. With the increasing number of studies and mounting evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs), they have been proposed as promising platforms for the development of universal vaccines. This review highlights the current progress and advances in the development of RIVs in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction toward universal vaccine production. In particular, this review discussed existing knowledge on influenza and vaccine development, current hemagglutinin-based RIVs in the market and in the pipeline, other potential vaccine targets for RIVs (neuraminidase, matrix 1 and 2, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic, and basic 1 and 2 antigens), and deantigenization process. This review also provided discussion points and future perspectives in looking at RIVs as potential universal vaccine candidates for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Carascal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rance Derrick N Pavon
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Montomoli E. The baculovirus expression vector system: a modern technology for the future of influenza vaccine manufacturing. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1233-1242. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2085565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
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42
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Bivalent H1 and H3 COBRA Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccines Elicit Seroprotective Antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses from 2009 to 2019. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165221. [PMID: 35289635 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01652-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial influenza virus vaccines often elicit strain-specific immune responses and have difficulties preventing illness caused by antigenically drifted viral variants. In the last 20 years, the H3N2 component of the annual vaccine has been updated nearly twice as often as the H1N1 component, and in 2019, a mismatch between the wild-type (WT) H3N2 vaccine strain and circulating H3N2 influenza strains led to a vaccine efficacy of ∼9%. Modern methods of developing computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) for H3N2 influenza viruses utilize current viral surveillance information to design more broadly reactive vaccine antigens. Here, 7 new recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) H3 COBRA hemagglutinin (HA) antigens were evaluated in mice. Subsequently, two candidates, J4 and NG2, were selected for further testing in influenza-preimmune animals based on their ability to elicit broadly reactive antibodies against antigenically drifted H3N2 viral isolates. In the preimmune model, monovalent formulations of J4 and NG2 elicited broadly reactive antibodies against recently circulating H3N2 influenza viruses from 2019. Bivalent mixtures of COBRA H1 and H3 rHA, Y2 + J4, and Y2 + NG2 outperformed multiple WT H1+H3 bivalent rHA mixtures by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 isolates from 2009 to 2019. Overall, the newly generated COBRA HA antigens, namely, Y2, J4, and NG2, had the ability to induce broadly reactive antibodies in influenza-naive and preimmune animals in both monovalent and bivalent formulations, and these antigens outperformed H1 and H3 WT rHA vaccine antigens by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against panels of antigenically drifted historical H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine strains from 2009 to 2019. IMPORTANCE Standard-of-care influenza virus vaccines are composed of a mixture of antigens from different influenza viral subtypes. For the first time, lead COBRA H1 and H3 HA antigens, formulated as a bivalent vaccine, have been investigated in animals with preexisting immunity to influenza viruses. The cocktail of COBRA HA antigens elicited more broadly reactive anti-HA antibodies than those elicited by a comparator bivalent wild-type HA vaccine against H1 and H3 influenza viruses isolated between 2009 and 2019.
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Strategies for fighting pandemic virus infections: Integration of virology and drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 343:361-378. [PMID: 35122872 PMCID: PMC8810279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have sometimes resulted in worldwide pandemics, with the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being major participants. Long-term efforts have made it possible to control the influenza virus, but seasonal influenza continues to take many lives each year, and a pandemic influenza virus sometimes emerges. Although vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed, we are not yet able to coexist with the SARS-CoV-2. To overcome such viruses, it is necessary to obtain knowledge about international surveillance systems, virology, ecology and to determine that immune responses are effective. The information must then be transferred to drugs. Delivery systems would be expected to contribute to the rational development of drugs. In this review, virologist and drug delivery system (DDS) researchers discuss drug delivery strategies, especially the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, for fighting to respiratory virus infections.
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Jordan K, Murchu EO, Comber L, Hawkshaw S, Marshall L, O'Neill M, Teljeur C, Harrington P, Carnahan A, Pérez-Martín JJ, Robertson AH, Johansen K, Jonge JD, Krause T, Nicolay N, Nohynek H, Pavlopoulou I, Pebody R, Penttinen P, Soler-Soneira M, Wichmann O, Ryan M. Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age. Rev Med Virol 2022; 33:e2332. [PMID: 35137512 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through strain-specific vaccination. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell-based trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes was assessed using the GRADE methodology. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 868 full-text articles were assessed for relevance. Of these, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. No relative efficacy data were identified for the direct comparison of cell-based vaccines compared with traditional vaccines (egg-based). Efficacy data were available comparing cell-based trivalent influenza vaccines with placebo in adults (aged 18-49 years). Overall vaccine efficacy was 70% against any influenza subtype (95% CI 61%-77%, two RCTS), 82% against influenza A(H1N1) (95% CI 71%-89%, 2 RCTs), 72% against influenza A(H3N2) (95% CI 39%-87%, 2 RCTs) and 52% against influenza B (95% CI 30%-68%, 2 RCTs). Limited and heterogeneous data were presented for effectiveness when compared with no vaccination. One NRSI compared cell-based trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination with traditional trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination, finding a small but significant difference in favour of cell-based vaccines for influenza-related hospitalisation, hospital encounters and physician office visits. The safety profile of cell-based trivalent vaccines was comparable to traditional trivalent influenza vaccines. Compared with placebo, cell-based trivalent influenza vaccines have demonstrated greater efficacy in adults aged 18-49 years. Overall cell-based vaccines are well-tolerated in adults, however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines compared with traditional seasonal influenza vaccines is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jordan
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon O Murchu
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Comber
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Hawkshaw
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Marshall
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle O'Neill
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Teljeur
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annasara Carnahan
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,General Directorate of Public Health and Addictions, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Hayman Robertson
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Johansen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorgen de Jonge
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Tyra Krause
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ioanna Pavlopoulou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,National Advisory Committee on Immunisation, Hellenic Ministry of Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard Pebody
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Soler-Soneira
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Vigilancia de Enfermedades Prevenibles por Vacunación, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ole Wichmann
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, EU/EEA National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) collaboration on newer and enhanced inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines, Stockholm, Sweden.,Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Máirín Ryan
- Health Technology Assessment, Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity. Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Kumar S, Xu C, Ghildayal N, Chandra C, Yang M. Social media effectiveness as a humanitarian response to mitigate influenza epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2022; 319:823-851. [PMID: 33531729 PMCID: PMC7843901 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-021-03955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza and COVID-19 are infectious diseases with significant burdens. Information and awareness on preventative techniques can be spread through the use of social media, which has become an increasingly utilized tool in recent years. This study developed a dynamic transmission model to investigate the impact of social media, particularly tweets via the social networking platform, Twitter on the number of influenza and COVID-19 cases of infection and deaths. We modified the traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR-V) model with an additional social media component, in order to increase the accuracy of transmission dynamics and gain insight on whether social media is a beneficial behavioral intervention for these infectious diseases. The analysis found that social media has a positive effect in mitigating the spread of contagious disease in terms of peak time, peak magnitude, total infected, and total death; and the results also showed that social media's effect has a non-linear relationship with the reproduction number R 0 and it will be amplified when a vaccine is available. The findings indicate that social media is an integral part in the humanitarian logistics of pandemic and emergency preparedness, and contributes to the literature by informing best practices in the response to similar disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kumar
- Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management, Opus College of Business, University of St. Thomas, Mail # SCH 435, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA
| | - Chong Xu
- School of Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Mail Stop OSS100, 2115 Summit Ave., St. Paul, MN 55105 USA
| | - Nidhi Ghildayal
- Harvard University - T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Charu Chandra
- Department of Management Studies, College of Business Administration, University of Michigan – Dearborn, Dearborn, USA
| | - Muer Yang
- Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management, Opus College of Business, University of St. Thomas, Mail # TMH 445, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA
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46
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Influenza Vaccine: An Engineering Vision from Virological Importance to Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022; 27:714-738. [PMID: 36313971 PMCID: PMC9589582 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) every year, millions of people are affected by flu. Flu is a disease caused by influenza viruses. For preventing this, seasonal influenza vaccinations are widely considered the most efficient way to protect against the negative effects of the flu. To date, there is no "one-size-fits-all" vaccine that can be effective all over the world to protect against all seasonal or pandemic influenza virus types. Because influenza virus transforms its genetic structure and it can emerges as immunogenically new (antigenic drift) which causes epidemics or new virus subtype (antigenic shift) which causes pandemics. As a result, annual revaccination or new subtype viral vaccine development is required. Currently, three types of vaccines (inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant) are approved in different countries. These can be named "conventional influenza vaccines" and their production are based on eggs or cell culture. Although, there is good effort to develop new influenza vaccines for broader and longer period of time protection. In this sense these candidate vaccines are called "universal influenza vaccines". In this article, after we mentioned the short history of flu then virus morphology and infection, we explained the diseases caused by the influenza virus in humans. Afterward, we explained in detail the production methods of available influenza vaccines, types of bioreactors used in cell culture based production, conventional and new vaccine types, and development strategies for better vaccines.
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47
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Meenakshi S, Kumar VU, Dhingra S, Murti K. Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic? Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:184-192. [PMID: 35799869 PMCID: PMC9200647 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revolutionized the vaccine market and initiated the momentum for alternative routes of administration for vaccines. The intranasal route of immunization is one such possibility that appears to be the most promising since it has some significant advantages, particularly in the prevention of respiratory infection. To analyze and summarize the role of nasal vaccines over conventional vaccines during COVID-19 and the need for the nasal vaccine as a booster shot. In this narrative review, the required data was retrieved using keywords “COVID-19,” “Intranasal,” “Immunity,” “Nasal spray,” and “Mucosal” in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Sciences. The results of the study showed that the nasal vaccines were both effective and protective according to the current researches approaching during the COVID-19 period and the preclinical and clinical phase trials prove the intranasal vaccination elicits more robust and cross-protective immunity than conventional vaccines. In this narrative review article, mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented and the current status of nasal vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized, and advantages over traditional vaccines are provided. Furthermore, after exploring the primary benefits and kinetics of nasal vaccine, the potential for consideration of nasal vaccine as a booster dose is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasa Meenakshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, India
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48
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Arunachalam AB, Post P, Rudin D. Unique features of a recombinant haemagglutinin influenza vaccine that influence vaccine performance. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:144. [PMID: 34857771 PMCID: PMC8640007 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza vaccine field has been constantly evolving to improve the speed, scalability, and flexibility of manufacturing, and to improve the breadth and longevity of the protective immune response across age groups, giving rise to an array of next generation vaccines in development. Among these, the recombinant influenza vaccine tetravalent (RIV4), using a baculovirus expression vector system to express recombinant haemagglutinin (rHA) in insect cells, is the only one to have reached the market and has been studied extensively. We describe how the unique structural features of rHA in RIV4 improve protective immune responses compared to conventional influenza vaccines made from propagated influenza virus. In addition to the sequence integrity, characteristic of recombinant proteins, unique post-translational processing of the rHA in insect cells instills favourable tertiary and quaternary structural features. The absence of protease-driven cleavage and addition of simple N-linked glycans help to preserve and expose certain conserved epitopes on HA molecules, which are likely responsible for the high levels of broadly cross-reactive and protective antibodies with rare specificities observed with RIV4. Furthermore, the presence of uniform compact HA oligomers and absence of egg proteins, viral RNA or process impurities, typically found in conventional vaccines, are expected to eliminate potential adverse reactions to these components in susceptible individuals with the use of RIV4. These distinct structural features and purity of the recombinant HA vaccine thus provide a number of benefits in vaccine performance which can be extended to other viral targets, such as for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Pasteur, 1 Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, PA, 18370, USA.
| | - Penny Post
- Regulatory Affairs, Protein Sciences, a Sanofi Company, 1000 Research Parkway, Meriden, CT, 06450, USA
| | - Deborah Rudin
- Global Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, 1 Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, PA, 18370, USA
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49
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Baloch Z, Ikram A, Hakim MS, Awan FM. The Impact of Mutations on the Pathogenic and Antigenic Activity of SARS-CoV-2 during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Immunoinformatics Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1410. [PMID: 34960156 PMCID: PMC8705738 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-depth analysis of first-wave SARS-CoV-2 genome is required to identify various mutations that significantly affect viral fitness. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive in silico mutational analysis of 3C-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and spike (S) proteins with the aim of gaining important insights into first-wave virus mutations and their functional and structural impact on SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Our integrated analysis gathered 6000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences and identified 92 mutations in S, 37 in RdRp, and 11 in 3CLpro regions. The impact of these mutations was also investigated using various in silico approaches. Among these, 32 mutations in S, 15 in RdRp, and 3 in 3CLpro proteins were found to be deleterious in nature and could alter the structural and functional behavior of the encoded proteins. The D614G mutation in spike and the P323Lmutation in RdRp are the globally dominant variants with a high frequency. Most of the identified mutations were also found in the binding moiety of the viral proteins which determine their critical involvement in host-pathogen interactions and may represent drug targets. Furthermore, potential CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes were predicted, and their overlap with genetic variations was explored. This study also highlights several hot spots in which HLA and drug selective pressure overlap. The findings of the current study may allow a better understanding of COVID-19 diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad S. Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
- Center for Child Health—PRO, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur (UOH), Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
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50
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Zahmati S, Taghizadeh M, Haghighat S, Jalalirad R, Mahdavi M. Recombinant hemagglutinin of swine H1N1 influenza virus expression in the insect cells: Formulation in Montanide ISA71 adjuvant and the potency studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1546-1553. [PMID: 35317113 PMCID: PMC8917850 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.57053.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Influenza is a highly contagious disease, which affects the respiratory system and seasonal influenza is common throughout the world. Influenza vaccination is an effective way to reduce the risk of death and hospitalization. This study aims at the expression of swine recombinant hemagglutinin protein in the baculovirus expression system and it offers a comparison of the immunologic parameters with the commercial vaccine. Materials and Methods The HA gene from the swine H1N1 strain of the Influenza virus was cloned into the Bac-To-Bac expression system in pFastBAC HTA vector and was transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 strain. After the confirmation, the vector was transfected into the SF9 insect cell line. The recombinant HA was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and western blot. After formulation in Montanide ISA71 adjuvant, the immunization test was performed comparatively with Alum adjuvant, commercial vaccine in four groups of BALB/c mice, of which one group was control without any vaccination. Two weeks after the last immunization, the antibody response was assessed with HI assay, and experimental mice were challenged with mouse-adapted Influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus through nasal inhalation. Results The immunoassay results revealed that the candidate vaccine induced the antibody response as the commercial one did but it did not significantly reduce the mortality rate, body loss, and severe fever. Conclusion To summarize, the results showed that the recombinant protein with the MontanideTM ISA- 71 adjuvant developed a more appropriate level of immunity than Alum adjuvant, so it might be used as a safe and reliable vaccine against H1N1 virus for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahmati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced science and Technology, Tehran Medical sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Taghizadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced science and Technology, Tehran Medical sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education
- Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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