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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. Changes in mitochondrial distribution occur at the axon initial segment in association with neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060335. [PMID: 38912559 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial distribution are a feature of numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, reducing the activity of Cdk5 causes a neurodegenerative phenotype and is known to affect several mitochondrial properties. Therefore, we investigated whether alterations of mitochondrial distribution are involved in Cdk5-associated neurodegeneration. We find that reducing Cdk5 activity does not alter the balance of mitochondrial localization to the somatodendritic versus axonal neuronal compartments of the mushroom body, the learning and memory center of the Drosophila brain. We do, however, observe changes in mitochondrial distribution at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment located in the proximal axon involved in neuronal polarization and action potential initiation. Specifically, we observe that mitochondria are partially excluded from the AIS in wild-type neurons, but that this exclusion is lost upon reduction of Cdk5 activity, concomitant with the shrinkage of the AIS domain that is known to occur in this condition. This mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is not likely due to the shortening of the AIS domain itself but rather due to altered Cdk5 activity. Furthermore, mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is unlikely to be an early driver of neurodegeneration in the context of reduced Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P K Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Deng XH, Liu XY, Wei YH, Wang K, Zhu JR, Zhong JJ, Zheng JY, Guo R, Zhu YF, Ye QH, Wang MD, Chen YJ, He JQ, Chen ZX, Huang SQ, Lv CS, Zheng GQ, Liu SF, Wen L. ErbB4 deficiency exacerbates olfactory dysfunction in an early-stage Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01332-6. [PMID: 38982150 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aberrations in GABAergic function and the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance within the olfactory bulb (OB) have been implicated in olfactory impairment during the initial stages of AD. While the neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB4 signaling pathway is known to regulate GABAergic transmission in the brain and is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, its specific role in early AD-related olfactory impairment remains incompletely understood. This study demonstrated that olfactory dysfunction preceded cognitive decline in young adult APP/PS1 mice and was characterized by reduced levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 in the OB. Further investigation revealed that deletion of ErbB4 in parvalbumin interneurons reduced GABAergic transmission and increased hyperexcitability in mitral and tufted cells (M/Ts) in the OB, thereby accelerating olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, ErbB4 deficiency was associated with increased accumulation of Aβ and BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP, along with enhanced CDK5 signaling in the OB. NRG1 infusion into the OB was found to enhance GABAergic transmission in M/Ts and alleviate olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. These findings underscore the critical role of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in regulating GABAergic transmission and E/I balance within the OB, contributing to olfactory impairment in young adult APP/PS1 mice, and provide novel insights for early intervention strategies in AD. This work has shown that ErbB4 deficiency increased the burden of Aβ, impaired GABAergic transmission, and disrupted the E/I balance of mitral and tufted cells (M/Ts) in the OB, ultimately resulting in olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. NRG1 could enhance GABAergic transmission, rescue E/I imbalance in M/Ts, and alleviate olfactory dysfunction in young adult APP/PS1 mice. OB: olfactory bulb, E/I: excitation/inhibition, Pr: probability of release, PV: parvalbumin interneurons, Aβ: β-amyloid, GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hua Deng
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing-Yang Liu
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yi-Hua Wei
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhu
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhong
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Zheng
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Ye
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Meng-Dan Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jian-Quan He
- Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Ze-Xu Chen
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Huang
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chong-Shan Lv
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Sui-Feng Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Lei Wen
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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3
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Tammareddy T, Keyrouz W, Sriram RD, Pant HC, Cardone A, Klauda JB. Investigation of the Effect of Peptide p5 Targeting CDK5-p25 Hyperactivity on Munc18-1 (P67) Regulating Neuronal Exocytosis Using Molecular Simulations. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38953497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Munc18-1 is an SM (sec1/munc-like) family protein involved in vesicle fusion and neuronal exocytosis. Munc18-1 is known to regulate the exocytosis process by binding with closed- and open-state conformations of Syntaxin1, a protein belonging to the SNARE family established to be central to the exocytosis process. Our previous work studied peptide p5 as a promising drug candidate for CDK5-p25 complex, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological target. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that Munc18-1 promotes p5 to selectively inhibit the CDK5-p25 complex without affecting the endogenous CDK5 activity, a characteristic of remarkable therapeutic implications. In this paper, we identify several binding modes of p5 with Munc18-1 that could potentially affect the Munc18-1 binding with SNARE proteins and lead to off-target effects on neuronal communication using molecular dynamics simulations. Recent studies indicate that disruption of Munc18-1 function not only disrupts neurotransmitter release but also results in neurodegeneration, exhibiting clinical resemblance to other neurodegenerative conditions such as AD, causing diagnostic and treatment challenges. We characterize such interactions between p5 and Munc18-1, define the corresponding pharmacophores, and provide guidance for the in vitro validation of our findings to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety of p5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Tammareddy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | | | - Harish C Pant
- Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, Laboratory of Neurochemistry, NINDS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science & Technology, Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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4
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Mucci S, Clas GS, Allio CP, Rodríguez-Varela MS, Isaja L, Marazita M, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME, Romorini L. CDK5 Deficiency Does not Impair Neuronal Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells but Affects Neurite Outgrowth. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04325-y. [PMID: 38937422 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a protein kinase involved in neuronal homeostasis and development critical for neuronal survival. Besides, its deregulation is linked to neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. For that reason, we aimed to generate a deficient CDK5 genetic model in neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We obtained a heterozygous CDK5+/- clone for the FN2.1 hiPSC line that retained hiPSC stemness and pluripotent potential. Then, neural stem cells (NSCs) and further neurons were derived from the CDK5+/- KO FN2.1 hiPSCs, and their phenotype was validated by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies that recognize lineage-specific markers (SOX-1, SOX-2, and NESTIN for NSCs and TUJ-1, MAP-5, and MAP-2 for neurons). We found that the proliferation rate increased in CDK5+/- KO hiPSC-derived neurons concomitantly with a reduction in NEUN and P35 expression levels. However, the morphometric analysis revealed that CDK5 deficiency caused an increase in the length of the main, primary, and secondary neurites and the neuronal soma area. As a whole, we found that a deficit in CDK5 does not impair hiPSC neuronal differentiation but deregulates proliferation and neurite outgrowth, favoring elongation. The misregulated activity of specific kinases leads to abnormalities such as impaired axonal connectivity in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, therapeutic approaches aimed at normalizing the activity of kinases, such as CDK5, may help prevent the degeneration of vulnerable neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Mucci
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giulia Solange Clas
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Neurociencias (LEN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Paola Allio
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Rodríguez-Varela
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Isaja
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Marazita
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elida Scassa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurociencias, Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (LIAN-INEU, Fleni-CONICET), B1625XAF, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Garemilla S, Kumari R, Kumar R. CDK5 as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176760. [PMID: 38901526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging and prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, effective treatments for AD are lacking, emphasising the need for a deeper understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a serine/threonine kinase primarily associated with cell cycle regulation and neuronal development, has emerged as a key player in AD pathology. This review article comprehensively explores the multifaceted roles of CDK5 in the pathogenesis of AD. We begin by elucidating the physiological functions of CDK5 in normal brain development and neuronal maintenance, highlighting its involvement in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Subsequently, we delve into the dysregulation of CDK5 activity observed in AD, encompassing aberrant hyperactivation, and dysregulated protein interactions. Moreover, we discuss the intricate interplay between CDK5 and AD-related proteins, including amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and tau protein, elucidating their collective impact on disease progression. Finally, we described various approaches available for the inhibition of CDK-5, which can be explored as future therapeutic intervention for AD. Through synthesizing evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical investigations, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between CDK5 dysregulation and AD pathogenesis, offering insights that may inform future therapeutic interventions strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya Garemilla
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam, India; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richa Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to Be) University, Visakhapatnam, India.
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6
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Oner M, Chen MC, Cheng PT, Lin H. Metformin inhibits nerve growth factor-induced sympathetic neuron differentiation through p35/CDK5 inhibition. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1648-C1658. [PMID: 38682237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00121.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The authors' previous research has shown the pivotal roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and its regulatory protein p35 in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of sympathetic neurons in PC12 cells. During the process of differentiation, neurons are susceptible to environmental influences, including the effects of drugs. Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes and its associated symptoms, particularly in diabetic neuropathy, which is characterized by dysregulation of the sympathetic neurons. However, the impacts of metformin on sympathetic neuronal differentiation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of metformin on NGF-induced sympathetic neuronal differentiation using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells as a model. We examined the regulation of TrkA-p35/CDK5 signaling in NGF-induced PC12 differentiation. Our results demonstrate that metformin reduces NGF-induced PC12 differentiation by inactivating the TrkA receptor, subsequently inhibiting ERK and EGR1. Inhibition of this cascade ultimately leads to the downregulation of p35/CDK5 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, metformin inhibits the activation of the presynaptic protein Synapsin-I, a substrate of CDK5, in PC12 differentiation. In addition, metformin alters axonal and synaptic bouton formation by inhibiting p35 at both the axons and axon terminals in fully differentiated PC12 cells. In summary, our study elucidates that metformin inhibits sympathetic neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells by disrupting TrkA/ERK/EGR1 and p35/CDK5 signaling. This research contributes to uncovering a novel signaling mechanism in drug response during sympathetic neuronal differentiation, enhancing our understanding of the intricate molecular processes governing this critical aspect of neurodevelopment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study unveils a novel mechanism influenced by metformin during sympathetic neuronal differentiation. By elucidating its inhibitory effects from the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, TrkA, to the p35/CDK5 signaling pathways, we advance our understanding of metformin's mechanisms of action and emphasize its potential significance in the context of drug responses during sympathetic neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ting Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Zhang Y, Xia S, Tian X, Yuan L, Gao Y, Liu D, Qi H, Wang S, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhao Z, Liu W. miR-4645-3p attenuates podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease by targeting Cdk5. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23668. [PMID: 38742811 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300357rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understanding. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can disrupt gene expression by inducing translation inhibition and mRNA degradation, and recent evidence has shown that miRNAs may play a key role in many kidney diseases. In this study, we identified miR-4645-3p by global transcriptome expression profiling as one of the major downregulated miRNAs in high glucose-cultured podocytes. Moreover, whether DKD patients or STZ-induced diabetic mice, expression of miR-4645-3p was also significantly decreased in kidney. In the podocytes cultured by normal glucose, inhibition of miR-4645-3p expression promoted mitochondrial damage and podocyte apoptosis. In the podocytes cultured by high glucose (30 mM glucose), overexpression of miR-4645-3p significantly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose. Furthermore, we found that miR-4645-3p exerted protective roles by targeting Cdk5 inhibition. In vitro, miR-4645-3p obviously antagonized podocyte injury by inhibiting overexpression of Cdk5. In vivo of diabetic mice, podocyte injury, proteinuria, and impaired renal function were all effectively ameliorated by treatment with exogenous miR-4645-3p. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR-4645-3p can attenuate podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD by targeting Cdk5. Sustaining the expression of miR-4645-3p in podocytes may be a novel strategy to treat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shunjie Xia
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pathology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Tian
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zanchao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, Shijiazhuang Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Shao Z, Lu Y, Xing A, He X, Xie H, Hu M. Effect of outer membrane vesicles of Lactobacillus pentosus on Tau phosphorylation and CDK5-Calpain pathway in mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112400. [PMID: 38484904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a neurodegenerative disorder causing cognitive decline, posing a significant health concern for the elderly population in China. This study explored the effects of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from the gut microbiota of AD patients on learning and memory abilities and Tau protein phosphorylation in mice. In contrast to the OMVs from healthy controls and the PBS treatment group, mice treated with AD-OMVs exhibited notable declines in learning and memory capabilities, as evidenced by results from the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assessments unveiled elevated levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau in the cortex and hippocampus of mice treated with AD-OMVs. However, there were no alterations observed in the total Tau levels. In addition, AD-OMVs treated mice showed increased neuroinflammation indicated by elevated astrocytes and microglia. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that AD-OMVs could activate GSK3β, CDK5-Calpain and NF-κB pathways in mice hippocampus. These studies suggest AD patient gut microbiota derived OMVs can promote host Tau phosphorylation and improved neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Shao
- Department of liver diseases, Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of liver diseases, Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aihong Xing
- TCM Prevent&Health Care Dept Tai'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiying He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
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9
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Larnerd C, Kachewar N, Wolf FW. Drosophila learning and memory centers and the actions of drugs of abuse. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053815. [PMID: 38862166 PMCID: PMC11199947 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053815.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction and the circuitry for learning and memory are intimately intertwined. Drugs of abuse create strong, inappropriate, and lasting memories that contribute to many of their destructive properties, such as continued use despite negative consequences and exceptionally high rates of relapse. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster are helping us understand how drugs of abuse, especially alcohol, create memories at the level of individual neurons and in the circuits where they function. Drosophila is a premier organism for identifying the mechanisms of learning and memory. Drosophila also respond to drugs of abuse in ways that remarkably parallel humans and rodent models. An emerging consensus is that, for alcohol, the mushroom bodies participate in the circuits that control acute drug sensitivity, not explicitly associative forms of plasticity such as tolerance, and classical associative memories of their rewarding and aversive properties. Moreover, it is becoming clear that drugs of abuse use the mushroom body circuitry differently from other behaviors, potentially providing a basis for their addictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Larnerd
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Neha Kachewar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Fred W Wolf
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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10
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Heier JL, Boselli DJ, Parker LL. Antibody-free time-resolved terbium luminescence assays designed for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590988. [PMID: 38712268 PMCID: PMC11071522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Novel time-resolved terbium luminescence assays were developed for CDK5 and CDK2 by designing synthetic substrates which incorporate phospho-inducible terbium sensitizing motifs with kinase substrate consensus sequences. Substrates designed for CDK5 showed no phosphorylation by CDK2, opening the possibility for CDK5-specific assay development for selective drug discovery.
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11
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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. MANIPULATING MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ALTERS SURVIVAL IN UNEXPECTED WAYS IN A DROSOPHILA MODEL OF NEURODEGENERATION. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586603. [PMID: 38585927 PMCID: PMC10996551 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with aging and neurodegeneration, but the significance of this association remains obscure. Here, using a Drosophila model of age-related neurodegeneration, we probe this relationship in the pathologically relevant tissue, the brain, by quantifying three specific mitochondrial ROS and manipulating these redox species pharmacologically. Our goal is to ask whether pathology-associated changes in redox state are detrimental for survival, whether they may be beneficial responses, or whether they are simply covariates of pathology that do not alter viability. We find, surprisingly, that increasing mitochondrial H2O2 correlates with improved survival. We also find evidence that drugs that alter the mitochondrial glutathione redox potential modulate survival primarily through the compensatory effects they induce rather than through their direct effects on the final mitochondrial glutathione redox potential per se. We also find that the response to treatment with a redox-altering drug varies dramatically depending on the age at which the drug is administered, the duration of the treatment, and the genotype of the individual receiving the drug. These data have important implications for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the effect of redox state on health and disease as well as on efforts to modify the redox state to achieve therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
- Georgetown University, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Georgetown University, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Washington, DC
- Georgetown University, Department of Pathology, Washington, DC
- Georgetown University, Department of Neurology, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Hendricks EL, Liebl FLW. The CHD family chromatin remodeling enzyme, Kismet, promotes both clathrin-mediated and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300255. [PMID: 38512854 PMCID: PMC10956772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding domain (CHD) proteins, including CHD7 and CHD8, remodel chromatin to enable transcriptional programs. Both proteins are important for proper neural development as heterozygous mutations in Chd7 and Chd8 are causative for CHARGE syndrome and correlated with autism spectrum disorders, respectively. Their roles in mature neurons are poorly understood despite influencing the expression of genes required for cell adhesion, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. The Drosophila homolog of CHD7 and CHD8, Kismet (Kis), promotes neurotransmission, endocytosis, and larval locomotion. Endocytosis is essential in neurons for replenishing synaptic vesicles, maintaining protein localization, and preserving the size and composition of the presynaptic membrane. Several forms of endocytosis have been identified including clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is coupled with neural activity and is the most prevalent form of synaptic endocytosis, and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis, which occurs during periods of intense stimulation. Kis modulates the expression of gene products involved in endocytosis including promoting shaggy/GSK3β expression while restricting PI3K92E. kis mutants electrophysiologically phenocopy a liquid facets mutant in response to paradigms that induce clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Further, kis mutants do not show further reductions in endocytosis when activity-dependent bulk endocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis are pharmacologically inhibited. We find that Kis is important in postsynaptic muscle for proper endocytosis but the ATPase domain of Kis is dispensable for endocytosis. Collectively, our data indicate that Kis promotes both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis possibly by promoting transcription of several endocytic genes and maintaining the size of the synaptic vesicle pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Hendricks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Faith L. W. Liebl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
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13
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He S, Shi J, Chai H, Ma L, Pei H, Zhang P, Shi D, Li H. Mechanisms with network pharmacology approach of Ginsenosides in Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26642. [PMID: 38434355 PMCID: PMC10906400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive disorder, language dysfunction, and mental disability. The main neuropathological changes in AD mainly include amyloid plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, synapse loss, and neuron reduction. However, the current anti-AD drugs do not demonstrate a favorable effect in altering the pathological course of AD. Moreover, long-term use of these drugs is usually accompanied with various side effects. Ginsenosides are the major active constituents of ginseng and have protective effects on AD through various mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we focused on discussing the therapeutic potential effects and the mechanisms of pharmacological activities of ginsenosides in AD, to provide new insight for further research and clinical application of ginsenosides in the future. Recent studies on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides were retrieved from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and the Web of Science database up to April 2023 using relevant keywords. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides against AD. Ginsenosides presented a wide range of therapeutic and biological activities, including alleviating Aβ deposition, decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating the cholinergic system, resisting oxidative stress, modulating Ca2+ homeostasis, as well as anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in neurons, respectively. For further developing the therapeutic potential as well as clinical applications, the network pharmacology approach was combined with a summary of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhe Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Dhawka L, Palfini V, Hambright E, Blanco I, Poon C, Kahl A, Resch U, Bhawal R, Benakis C, Balachandran V, Holder A, Zhang S, Iadecola C, Hochrainer K. Post-ischemic ubiquitination at the postsynaptic density reversibly influences the activity of ischemia-relevant kinases. Commun Biol 2024; 7:321. [PMID: 38480905 PMCID: PMC10937959 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin modifications alter protein function and stability, thereby regulating cell homeostasis and viability, particularly under stress. Ischemic stroke induces protein ubiquitination at the ischemic periphery, wherein cells remain viable, however the identity of ubiquitinated proteins is unknown. Here, we employed a proteomics approach to identify these proteins in mice undergoing ischemic stroke. The data are available in a searchable web interface ( https://hochrainerlab.shinyapps.io/StrokeUbiOmics/ ). We detected increased ubiquitination of 198 proteins, many of which localize to the postsynaptic density (PSD) of glutamatergic neurons. Among these were proteins essential for maintaining PSD architecture, such as PSD95, as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits. The largest enzymatic group at the PSD with elevated post-ischemic ubiquitination were kinases, such as CaMKII, PKC, Cdk5, and Pyk2, whose aberrant activities are well-known to contribute to post-ischemic neuronal death. Concurrent phospho-proteomics revealed altered PSD-associated phosphorylation patterns, indicative of modified kinase activities following stroke. PSD-located CaMKII, PKC, and Cdk5 activities were decreased while Pyk2 activity was increased after stroke. Removal of ubiquitin restored kinase activities to pre-stroke levels, identifying ubiquitination as the responsible molecular mechanism for post-ischemic kinase regulation. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized role of ubiquitination in the regulation of essential kinases involved in ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luvna Dhawka
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Palfini
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Hambright
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ismary Blanco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie Poon
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja Kahl
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vaishali Balachandran
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alana Holder
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Song M, Qiang Y, Zhao X, Song F. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1. [PMID: 38378992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involved in regulating the process of neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we address the biological characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review highlights the underlying mechanistic linkages between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the context of neurodegeneration. Finally, we also summarize the currently available cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors and their prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 involved in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. Changes in mitochondrial distribution occur at the axon initial segment in association with neurodegeneration in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580288. [PMID: 38405730 PMCID: PMC10888798 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial distribution are a feature of numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, reducing the activity of Cdk5 causes a neurodegenerative phenotype and is known to affect several mitochondrial properties. Therefore, we investigated whether alterations of mitochondrial distribution are involved in Cdk5-associated neurodegeneration. We find that reducing Cdk5 activity does not alter the balance of mitochondrial localization to the somatodendritic vs. axonal neuronal compartments of the mushroom body, the learning and memory center of the Drosophila brain. We do, however, observe changes in mitochondrial distribution at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment located in the proximal axon involved in neuronal polarization and action potential initiation. Specifically, we observe that mitochondria are partially excluded from the AIS in wild-type neurons, but that this exclusion is lost upon reduction of Cdk5 activity, concomitant with the shrinkage of the AIS domain that is known to occur in this condition. This mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is not likely due to the shortening of the AIS domain itself but rather due to altered Cdk5 activity. Furthermore, mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is unlikely to be an early driver of neurodegeneration in the context of reduced Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Huang L, Xia L, Nie T, Cui B, Lu J, Lu F, Fan F, Ren D, Lu Y, Gao G, Yang Q. Maintaining Drosha expression with Cdk5 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for early intervention after TBI. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:210-219. [PMID: 38200156 PMCID: PMC10834983 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in adults. The pathological process of TBI involves a multifactorial cascade in which kinases have been proven contribute to interactions between relevant factors and amplification of signaling cascades. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a promising kinase that has been implicated in various brain disorders, including TBI. However, the mechanism by which Cdk5 induces neuronal damage remains unclear. Here, we show for the first time that Drosha, a key enzyme in microRNA biogenesis, is a pivotal substrate of abnormally activated Cdk5. Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation decreases Drosha expression and exacerbates nerve injury in TBI. We proved that maintaining Drosha expression via the administration of repurposed Cdk5 inhibitors that were previously studied in clinical trials is a promising approach for the early treatment of TBI. Together, our work identifies Drosha as a novel target for neuroprotective strategies after TBI and suggests Cdk5-mediated regulation of Drosha expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for early TBI intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiejian Nie
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bozhou Cui
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feiyan Fan
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongni Ren
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Paul S, Bhardwaj J, Binukumar BK. Cdk5-mediated oligodendrocyte myelin breakdown and neuroinflammation: Implications for the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166986. [PMID: 38092158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, crucial myelinating glia in the central nervous system, play a vital role in maintaining axonal integrity and facilitating efficient nerve impulse conduction. The degradation of myelin in oligodendrocytes has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive dysfunction. Interestingly, individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have a significantly higher likelihood of developing cognitive impairment, possibly due to insulin resistance and glucose toxicity within the central nervous system (CNS). However, the precise relationship between these two disorders remains elusive. Our study proposes a potential link between T2D and AD, involving Cdk5-mediated breakdown of oligodendrocyte myelin and neuroinflammation. In the context of T2D, glucose toxicity in oligodendrocytes leads to heightened Cdk5 kinase activity and cPLA2 hyperactivation, resulting in chronic inflammation and myelin deterioration. This myelin breakdown in oligodendrocytes is thought to contribute to the development of AD and cognitive dysfunction. Notably, the administration of a Cdk5 inhibitor (TFP5) effectively alleviates neuroinflammation and myelin degradation. Moreover, our findings demonstrate heightened activity of Cdk5, cPLA2, and phospho-cPLA2 levels in the brain of a mouse model with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Hence, our findings suggest that targeting Cdk5 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract AD pathogenesis in T2D-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Paul
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Juhi Bhardwaj
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - B K Binukumar
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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19
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Ros-Carrero C, Spiridon-Bodi M, Igual JC, Gomar-Alba M. The CDK Pho85 inhibits Whi7 Start repressor to promote cell cycle entry in budding yeast. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:745-769. [PMID: 38233717 PMCID: PMC10897450 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pho85 is a multifunctional CDK that signals to the cell when environmental conditions are favorable. It has been connected to cell cycle control, mainly in Start where it promotes the G1/S transition. Here we describe that the Start repressor Whi7 is a key target of Pho85 in the regulation of cell cycle entry. The phosphorylation of Whi7 by Pho85 inhibits the repressor and explains most of the contribution of the CDK in the activation of Start. Mechanistically, Pho85 downregulates Whi7 protein levels through the control of Whi7 protein stability and WHI7 gene transcription. Whi7 phosphorylation by Pho85 also restrains the intrinsic ability of Whi7 to associate with promoters. Furthermore, although Whi5 is the main Start repressor in normal cycling cells, in the absence of Pho85, Whi7 becomes the major repressor leading to G1 arrest. Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which Pho85 promotes Start through the regulation of the Whi7 repressor at multiple levels, which may confer to Whi7 a functional specialization to connect the response to adverse conditions with the cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ros-Carrero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Mihai Spiridon-Bodi
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J Carlos Igual
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Mercè Gomar-Alba
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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20
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Yáñez-Gómez F, Gálvez-Melero L, Ledesma-Corvi S, Bis-Humbert C, Hernández-Hernández E, Salort G, García-Cabrerizo R, García-Fuster MJ. Evaluating the daily modulation of FADD and related molecular markers in different brain regions in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25296. [PMID: 38361411 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), a key molecule controlling cell fate by balancing apoptotic versus non-apoptotic functions, is dysregulated in post-mortem brains of subjects with psychopathologies, in animal models capturing certain aspects of these disorders, and by several pharmacological agents. Since persistent disruptions in normal functioning of daily rhythms are linked with these conditions, oscillations over time of key biomarkers, such as FADD, could play a crucial role in balancing the clinical outcome. Therefore, we characterized the 24-h regulation of FADD (and linked molecular partners: p-ERK/t-ERK ratio, Cdk-5, p35/p25, cell proliferation) in key brain regions for FADD regulation (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus). Samples were collected during Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT5, ZT8, ZT11, ZT14, ZT17, ZT20, and ZT23 (ZT0, lights-on or inactive period; ZT12, lights-off or active period). FADD showed similar daily fluctuations in all regions analyzed, with higher values during lights off, and opposite to p-ERK/t-ERK ratios regulation. Both Cdk-5 and p35 remained stable and did not change across ZT. However, p25 increased during lights off, but exclusively in striatum. Finally, no 24-h modulation was observed for hippocampal cell proliferation, although higher values were present during lights off. These results demonstrated a clear daily modulation of FADD in several key brain regions, with a more prominent regulation during the active time of rats, and suggested a key role for FADD, and molecular partners, in the normal physiological functioning of the brain's daily rhythmicity, which if disrupted might participate in the development of certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yáñez-Gómez
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez-Melero
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Cristian Bis-Humbert
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Hernández
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Glòria Salort
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Cabrerizo
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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21
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Zhu X, Ma S, Wong WH. Genetic effects of sequence-conserved enhancer-like elements on human complex traits. Genome Biol 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38167462 PMCID: PMC10759394 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of findings from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) map to non-coding sequences, complicating their mechanistic interpretations and clinical translations. Non-coding sequences that are evolutionarily conserved and biochemically active could offer clues to the mechanisms underpinning GWAS discoveries. However, genetic effects of such sequences have not been systematically examined across a wide range of human tissues and traits, hampering progress to fully understand regulatory causes of human complex traits. RESULTS Here we develop a simple yet effective strategy to identify functional elements exhibiting high levels of human-mouse sequence conservation and enhancer-like biochemical activity, which scales well to 313 epigenomic datasets across 106 human tissues and cell types. Combined with 468 GWAS of European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) ancestries, these elements show tissue-specific enrichments of heritability and causal variants for many traits, which are significantly stronger than enrichments based on enhancers without sequence conservation. These elements also help prioritize candidate genes that are functionally relevant to body mass index (BMI) and schizophrenia but were not reported in previous GWAS with large sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a comprehensive assessment of how sequence-conserved enhancer-like elements affect complex traits in diverse tissues and demonstrate a generalizable strategy of integrating evolutionary and biochemical data to elucidate human disease genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Thomas Building, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, 390 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Shining Ma
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, 390 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road MC5464, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Wing Hung Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, 390 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road MC5464, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
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22
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Halder A, Drummond E. Strategies for translating proteomics discoveries into drug discovery for dementia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:132-139. [PMID: 37488854 PMCID: PMC10479849 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies, diseases characterized by neuropathological aggregates of tau including Alzheimer's disease and subtypes of frontotemporal dementia, make up the vast majority of dementia cases. Although there have been recent developments in tauopathy biomarkers and disease-modifying treatments, ongoing progress is required to ensure these are effective, economical, and accessible for the globally ageing population. As such, continued identification of new potential drug targets and biomarkers is critical. "Big data" studies, such as proteomics, can generate information on thousands of possible new targets for dementia diagnostics and therapeutics, but currently remain underutilized due to the lack of a clear process by which targets are selected for future drug development. In this review, we discuss current tauopathy biomarkers and therapeutics, and highlight areas in need of improvement, particularly when addressing the needs of frail, comorbid and cognitively impaired populations. We highlight biomarkers which have been developed from proteomic data, and outline possible future directions in this field. We propose new criteria by which potential targets in proteomics studies can be objectively ranked as favorable for drug development, and demonstrate its application to our group's recent tau interactome dataset as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Halder
- School of Medical Sciences and Brain & Mind Center, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Aged Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- School of Medical Sciences and Brain & Mind Center, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Ai H, Li M, Fang W, Wang X, Liu X, Wu L, Zhang B, Lu W. Disruption of Cdk5-GluN2B complex by a small interfering peptide attenuates social isolation-induced escalated intermale attack behavior and hippocampal oxidative stress in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:54-64. [PMID: 37979890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation has emerged as a significant issue during the COVID-19 pandemic that can adversely impact human mental health and potentially lead to pathological aggression. Given the lack of effective therapeutic interventions for aggressive behavior, alternative approaches are necessary. In this study, we utilized a genetic method combined with a pharmacological approach to identify and demonstrate the crucial role of Cdk5 in escalated intermale attack behavior induced by 2-week social isolation. Moreover, we developed a small peptide that effectively disrupts the interaction between Cdk5 and GluN2B, given the known involvement of this complex in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Administration of the peptide, either systemically or via intrahippocampal injection, significantly reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and attenuated intermale attack behavior induced by 2-week social isolation. These findings highlight the previously unknown role of the hippocampal Cdk5-GluN2B complex in social isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice and propose the peptide as a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating attack behavior and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lihui Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, China.
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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24
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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25
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Prediction of resveratrol target proteins: a bioinformatics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1088-1097. [PMID: 37011009 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural compound with a wide range of biological functions that generate health benefits under normal conditions and in multiple diseases. This has attracted the attention of the scientific community, which has revealed that this compound exerts these effects through its action on different proteins. Despite the great efforts made, due to the challenges involved, not all the proteins with which resveratrol interacts have yet been identified. In this work, using protein target prediction bioinformatics systems, RNA sequencing analysis and protein-protein interaction networks, 16 proteins were identified as potential targets of resveratrol. Due to its biological relevance, the interaction of resveratrol with the predicted target CDK5 was further investigated. A docking analysis found that resveratrol can interact with CDK5 and be positioned in its ATP-binding pocket. Resveratrol forms hydrogen bonds between its three hydroxyl groups (-OH) and CDK5 residues C83, D86, K89 and D144. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that these bonds allow resveratrol to remain in the pocket and suggest inhibition of CDK5 activity. All this allows us to better understand how resveratrol acts and to consider CDK5 inhibition within its biological actions, mainly in neurodegenerative diseases where this protein has been shown to be relevant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Li Z, Yin B, Zhang S, Lan Z, Zhang L. Targeting protein kinases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115817. [PMID: 37722288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment, mental retardation, impaired motor balance, loss of self-care and even death. Among the complex and diverse pathological changes in AD, protein kinases are deeply involved in abnormal phosphorylation of Tau proteins to form intracellular neuronal fiber tangles, neuronal loss, extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits to form amyloid plaques, and synaptic disturbances. As a disease of the elderly, the growing geriatric population is directly driving the market demand for AD therapeutics, and protein kinases are potential targets for the future fight against AD. This perspective provides an in-depth look at the role of the major protein kinases (GSK-3β, CDK5, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK3) in the pathogenesis of AD. At the same time, the development of different protein kinase inhibitors and the current state of clinical advancement are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhigang Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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27
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Yu J, Zhao Y, Gong XK, Liang Z, Zhao YN, Li X, Chen YJ, Yang YH, Wu MJ, Wang XC, Shu XJ, Bao J. P25/CDK5-mediated Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Both Ipsilateral and Contralateral Cerebra Contributes to Cognitive Deficits in Post-stroke Mice. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1084-1095. [PMID: 37924385 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) develops in approximately one-third of stroke survivors and is associated with ingravescence. Nonetheless, the biochemical mechanisms underlying PSCI remain unclear. The study aimed to establish an ischemic mouse model by means of transient unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusions (MCAOs) and to explore the biochemical mechanisms of p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation on the PSCI behavior. METHODS Cognitive behavior was investigated, followed by the detection of tau hyperphosphorylation, mobilization, activation of kinases and/or inhibition of phosphatases in the lateral and contralateral cerebrum of mice following ischemia in MACO mice. Finally, we treated HEK293/tau cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and a CDK5 inhibitor (Roscovitine) or a GSK3β inhibitor (LiCl) to the roles of CDK5 and GSK3β in mediating ischemia-reperfusion-induced tau phosphorylation. RESULTS Ischemia induced cognitive impairments within 2 months, as well as causing tau hyperphosphorylation and its localization to neuronal somata in both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebra. Furthermore, p25 that promotes CDK5 hyperactivation had significantly higher expression in the mice with MCAO than in the shamoperation (control) group, while the expression levels of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and the phosphorylation level at Tyr307 were comparable between the two groups. In addition, the CDK5 inhibitor rescued tau from hyperphosphorylation induced by OGD. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that upregulation of CDK5 mediates tau hyperphosphorylation and localization in both ipsilateral and contralateral cerebra, contributing to the pathogenesis of PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Gong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yan-Na Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - You-Hua Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Meng-Juan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Ji Shu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Jian Bao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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28
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Grychowska K, López-Sánchez U, Vitalis M, Canet G, Satała G, Olejarz-Maciej A, Gołębiowska J, Kurczab R, Pietruś W, Kubacka M, Moreau C, Walczak M, Blicharz-Futera K, Bento O, Bantreil X, Subra G, Bojarski AJ, Lamaty F, Becamel C, Zussy C, Chaumont-Dubel S, Popik P, Nury H, Marin P, Givalois L, Zajdel P. Superiority of the Triple-Acting 5-HT 6R/5-HT 3R Antagonist and MAO-B Reversible Inhibitor PZ-1922 over 5-HT 6R Antagonist Intepirdine in Alleviation of Cognitive Deficits in Rats. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14928-14947. [PMID: 37797083 PMCID: PMC10641814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial origin and neurochemistry of Alzheimer's disease (AD) call for the development of multitarget treatment strategies. We report a first-in-class triple acting compound that targets serotonin type 6 and 3 receptors (5-HT-Rs) and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) as an approach for treating AD. The key structural features required for MAO-B inhibition and 5-HT6R antagonism and interaction with 5-HT3R were determined using molecular dynamic simulations and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. Bioavailable PZ-1922 reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition test. Furthermore, it displayed superior pro-cognitive properties compared to intepirdine (a 5-HT6R antagonist) in the AD model, which involved intracerebroventricular injection of an oligomeric solution of amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) in the T-maze test in rats. PZ-1922, but not intepirdine, restored levels of biomarkers characteristic of the debilitating effects of oAβ. These data support the potential of a multitarget approach involving the joint modulation of 5-HT6R/5-HT3R/MAO-B in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grychowska
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mathieu Vitalis
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Canet
- Faculty
of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, G1 V 4G2 Québec
City (QC), Canada
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gołębiowska
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Maria Walczak
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz-Futera
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ophélie Bento
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM,
Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34-293 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Becamel
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hugues Nury
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut
de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université
de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34-094 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Givalois
- Molecular
Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN) Laboratory, University of Montpellier, EPHE-PSL, INSERM U1198, 34-095 Montpellier, France
- Faculty
of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, G1 V 4G2 Québec
City (QC), Canada
- CNRS, 75-016 Paris, France
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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29
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Aron L, Qiu C, Ngian ZK, Liang M, Drake D, Choi J, Fernandez MA, Roche P, Bunting EL, Lacey EK, Hamplova SE, Yuan M, Wolfe MS, Bennett DA, Lee EA, Yankner BA. A neurodegeneration checkpoint mediated by REST protects against the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7030. [PMID: 37919281 PMCID: PMC10622455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aging individuals accumulate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) without evidence of cognitive decline. Here we describe an integrated neurodegeneration checkpoint response to early pathological changes that restricts further disease progression and preserves cognitive function. Checkpoint activation is mediated by the REST transcriptional repressor, which is induced in cognitively-intact aging humans and AD mouse models at the onset of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition and tau accumulation. REST induction is mediated by the unfolded protein response together with β-catenin signaling. A consequence of this response is the targeting of REST to genes involved in key pathogenic pathways, resulting in downregulation of gamma secretase, tau kinases, and pro-apoptotic proteins. Deletion of REST in the 3xTg and J20 AD mouse models accelerates Aβ deposition and the accumulation of misfolded and phosphorylated tau, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Conversely, viral-mediated overexpression of REST in the hippocampus suppresses Aβ and tau pathology. Thus, REST mediates a neurodegeneration checkpoint response with multiple molecular targets that may protect against the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Aron
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhen Kai Ngian
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marianna Liang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Derek Drake
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaejoon Choi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marty A Fernandez
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Perle Roche
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emma L Bunting
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ella K Lacey
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara E Hamplova
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monlan Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL60612, USA
| | - Eunjung A Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Ravagnani FG, Valerio HP, Maués JHS, de Oliveira AN, Puga RD, Griesi-Oliveira K, Picosse FR, Ferraz HB, Catharino RR, Ronsein GE, de Carvalho Aguiar P. Omics profile of iPSC-derived astrocytes from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 116:105847. [PMID: 37844348 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy and, to date, the pathophysiological mechanisms in PSP that lead to Tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration are not clear. In some brain areas, Tau pathology in glial cells appears to precede Tau aggregation in neurons. The development of a model using astrocyte cell lines derived from patients has the potential to identify molecules and pathways that contribute to early events of neurodegeneration. We developed a model of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the pathophysiology of PSP, particularly early events that might contribute to Tau hyperphosphorylation, applying omics approach to detect differentially expressed genes, metabolites, and proteins, including those from the secretome. METHODS Skin fibroblasts from PSP patients (without MAPT mutations) and controls were reprogrammed to iPSCs, further differentiated into neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) and astrocytes. In the 5th passage, astrocytes were harvested for total RNA sequencing. Intracellular and secreted proteins were processed for proteomics experiments. Metabolomics profiling was obtained from supernatants only. RESULTS We identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes. The main networks were related to cell cycle re-activation in PSP. Several proteins were found exclusively secreted by the PSP group. The cellular processes related to the cell cycle and mitotic proteins, TriC/CCT pathway, and redox signaling were enriched in the secretome of PSP. Moreover, we found distinct sets of metabolites between PSP and controls. CONCLUSION Our iPSC-derived astrocyte model can provide distinct molecular signatures for PSP patients and it is useful to elucidate the initial stages of PSP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellen P Valerio
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jersey H S Maués
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arthur N de Oliveira
- Innovare Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabíola R Picosse
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique B Ferraz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Catharino
- Innovare Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia de Carvalho Aguiar
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang L, Yang Z, Li G, Liu Y, Ai C, Rao Y. Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle. Front Med 2023; 17:823-854. [PMID: 37935945 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication, protein expression, and cell division. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In contrast to inhibition, a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins, achieving targeted degradation. The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders. The selectivity, application, validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed. Additionally, possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders, which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhouli Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Ai
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Blaber AP, Sadeghian F, Naz Divsalar D, Scarisbrick IA. Elevated biomarkers of neural injury in older adults following head-down bed rest: links to cardio-postural deconditioning with spaceflight and aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1208273. [PMID: 37822710 PMCID: PMC10562592 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1208273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged physical inactivity with bed rest or spaceflight is associated with cardiovascular and neuromuscular deconditioning; however, its impact on neural integrity of cardio-postural reflexes and possible mitigation with exercise has not been examined. We assessed the association between the physiological deconditioning of bed rest immobilization with neural injury markers and the effects of 60-75 min of daily exercise. Methods Data were collected as part of a randomized clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04964999) at the McGill University Medical Centre. Twenty-two 55- to 65-year-old healthy volunteers gave informed consent and took part. Within sex, participants were randomly assigned to exercise (60- to 75-min daily) or control (inactive) groups and spent 14 days in continuous 6° head-down tilt. Neural injury [neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tau (t-Tau), myelin basic protein (MBP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1)], as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) biomarkers were measured before, during, and after bed rest. The false discovery rate with Huber M-estimation was used to correlate changes in biomarkers with cardiovascular and muscular function changes over bed rest. Results Bed rest elevated NfL, GFAP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in all participants and reduced IGF-1 in females only. With standing, changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and lower limb muscle motoneuron activity correlated with changes in TNF-α and BDNF. Baroreflex control, leg muscle maximal voluntary contraction, and postural sway are correlated with GFAP and NfL. Exercise participants had fewer interactions than control participants, but significant correlations still existed, with both groups exhibiting similar reductions in orthostatic tolerance. Discussion An hour of daily exercise in older persons otherwise immobilized for 2 weeks did not abate bed rest-induced increases in serum signatures of neural injury or pro-inflammatory markers. Exercise reduced the number of physiological interactions of biomarkers, but significant cardio-postural correlations remained with no protection against post-bed rest orthostatic intolerance. The identification of associations of inflammatory and neural injury biomarkers with changes in cardio-postural physiology and exercise points to biotherapeutic opportunities and improved exercise interventions for astronauts and individuals in bed rest. Clinical trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=NCT04964999, identifier: NCT04964999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Farshid Sadeghian
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Donya Naz Divsalar
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Isobel A. Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Pluta AJ, Studniarek C, Murphy S, Norbury CJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases: Masters of the eukaryotic universe. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1816. [PMID: 37718413 PMCID: PMC10909489 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A family of structurally related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) drives many aspects of eukaryotic cell function. Much of the literature in this area has considered individual members of this family to act primarily either as regulators of the cell cycle, the context in which CDKs were first discovered, or as regulators of transcription. Until recently, CDK7 was the only clear example of a CDK that functions in both processes. However, new data points to several "cell-cycle" CDKs having important roles in transcription and some "transcriptional" CDKs having cell cycle-related targets. For example, novel functions in transcription have been demonstrated for the archetypal cell cycle regulator CDK1. The increasing evidence of the overlap between these two CDK types suggests that they might play a critical role in coordinating the two processes. Here we review the canonical functions of cell-cycle and transcriptional CDKs, and provide an update on how these kinases collaborate to perform important cellular functions. We also provide a brief overview of how dysregulation of CDKs contributes to carcinogenesis, and possible treatment avenues. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris J. Norbury
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Atiya A, Batra S, Mohammad T, Alorfi NM, Abdulmonem WA, Alhumaydhi FA, Ashraf GM, Baeesa SS, Elasbali AM, Shahwan M. Desmodin and isopongachromene as potential inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 5: phytoconstituents targeting anticancer and neurological therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8042-8052. [PMID: 36184739 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2128877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinase vital for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation. It activates by binding with p35 and p39 and is important for the functioning of the nervous system. A growing body of evidence suggests that CDK5 contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis and represents itself as a potential therapeutic target. Our research illustrates virtual screening of phytochemicals from the IMPPAT (Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutics) library to search for potential inhibitors of CDK5. Initially, the compounds from the parent library were filtered out via their physicochemical properties following the Lipinski rule of five. Then sequentially, molecular docking-based virtual screening, PAINS filter, ADMET, PASS analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were done using various computational tools to rule out adversities that can cause hindrances in the identification of potential inhibitors of CDK5. Finally, two compounds were selected via the extensive screening showing significant binding with CDK5 ATP-binding pocket and ultimately were selected as potent ATP-competitive inhibitors of CDK5. Finally, we propose that the elucidated compounds Desmodin and Isopongachromene can be used further in the drug discovery process and act as therapeutics in the medical industry to treat certain complex diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shivani Batra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasser M Alorfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Abha, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Abha, United Arab Emirates
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Griffioen G. Calcium Dyshomeostasis Drives Pathophysiology and Neuronal Demise in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13243. [PMID: 37686048 PMCID: PMC10487569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review postulates that age-related neurodegeneration entails inappropriate activation of intrinsic pathways to enable brain plasticity through deregulated calcium (Ca2+) signalling. Ca2+ in the cytosol comprises a versatile signal controlling neuronal cell physiology to accommodate adaptive structural and functional changes of neuronal networks (neuronal plasticity) and, as such, is essential for brain function. Although disease risk factors selectively affect different neuronal cell types across age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), these appear to have in common the ability to impair the specificity of the Ca2+ signal. As a result, non-specific Ca2+ signalling facilitates the development of intraneuronal pathophysiology shared by age-related NDDs, including mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, impaired proteostasis, and decreased axonal transport, leading to even more Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. These core pathophysiological processes and elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels comprise a self-enforcing feedforward cycle inevitably spiralling toward high levels of cytosolic Ca2+. The resultant elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels ultimately gear otherwise physiological effector pathways underlying plasticity toward neuronal demise. Ageing impacts mitochondrial function indiscriminately of the neuronal cell type and, therefore, contributes to the feedforward cycle of pathophysiology development seen in all age-related NDDs. From this perspective, therapeutic interventions to safely restore Ca2+ homeostasis would mitigate the excessive activation of neuronal destruction pathways and, therefore, are expected to have promising neuroprotective potential.
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Dhawka L, Palfini V, Hambright E, Blanco I, Poon C, Kahl A, Resch U, Bhawal R, Benakis C, Balachandran V, Zhang S, Iadecola C, Hochrainer K. Post-ischemic ubiquitination at the postsynaptic density reversibly influences the activity of ischemia-relevant kinases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.552860. [PMID: 37662420 PMCID: PMC10473581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.552860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin modifications alter protein function and stability, thereby regulating cell homeostasis and viability, particularly under stress. Ischemic stroke induces protein ubiquitination at the ischemic periphery, wherein cells remain viable, however the identity of ubiquitinated proteins is unknown. Here, we employed a proteomics approach to identify these proteins in mice undergoing ischemic stroke. The data are available in a searchable web interface ( https://hochrainerlab.shinyapps.io/StrokeUbiOmics/ ). We detected increased ubiquitination of 198 proteins, many of which localize to the postsynaptic density (PSD) of glutamatergic neurons. Among these were proteins essential for maintaining PSD architecture, such as PSD95, as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits. The largest enzymatic group at the PSD with elevated post-ischemic ubiquitination were kinases, such as CaMKII, PKC, Cdk5, and Pyk2, whose aberrant activities are well-known to contribute to post-ischemic neuronal death. Concurrent phospho-proteomics revealed altered PSD-associated phosphorylation patterns, indicative of modified kinase activities following stroke. PSD-located CaMKII, PKC, and Cdk5 activities were decreased while Pyk2 activity was increased after stroke. Removal of ubiquitin restored kinase activities to pre-stroke levels, identifying ubiquitination as the responsible molecular mechanism for post-ischemic kinase regulation. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized role of ubiquitination in the regulation of essential kinases involved in ischemic injury.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu X, Chen X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen J, Wu F, Chen GQ. 3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:190. [PMID: 37230992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, there is no systematic study and clear mechanism to evaluate and explain the hypoglycemic effect of 3HB. Here we demonstrate that 3HB reduces fasting blood glucose level, improves glucose tolerance, and ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Mechanistically, 3HB increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels by activating HCAR2, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and then activating protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits Raf1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf1) activity, resulting in a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and ultimately inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Ser273 phosphorylation in adipocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by 3HB altered the expression of PPARγ regulated genes and reduced insulin resistance. Collectively, 3HB ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through a pathway of HCAR2/Ca2+/cAMP/PKA/Raf1/ERK1/2/PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiangnan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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Kimbrel NA, Garrett ME, Evans MK, Mellows C, Dennis MF, Hair LP, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE, Beckham JC. Large epigenome-wide association study identifies multiple novel differentially methylated CpG sites associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in veterans. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1145375. [PMID: 37398583 PMCID: PMC10311443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The U.S. suicide mortality rate has steadily increased during the past two decades, particularly among military veterans; however, the epigenetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) remains largely unknown. Methods To address this issue, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation (DNAm) of peripheral blood samples obtained from 2,712 U.S. military veterans. Results Three DNAm probes were significantly associated with suicide attempts, surpassing the multiple testing threshold (FDR q-value <0.05), including cg13301722 on chromosome 7, which lies between the genes SLC4A2 and CDK5; cg04724646 in PDE3A; and cg04999352 in RARRES3. cg13301722 was also found to be differentially methylated in the cerebral cortex of suicide decedents in a publicly-available dataset (p = 0.03). Trait enrichment analysis revealed that the CpG sites most strongly associated with STB in the present sample were also associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, maternal smoking, and maternal alcohol consumption, whereas pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant associations with circadian rhythm, adherens junction, insulin secretion, and RAP-1 signaling, each of which was recently associated with suicide attempts in a large, independent genome-wide association study of suicide attempts of veterans. Discussion Taken together, the present findings suggest that SLC4A2, CDK5, PDE3A, and RARRES3 may play a role in STB. CDK5, a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that is highly expressed in the brain and essential for learning and memory, appears to be a particularly promising candidate worthy of future study; however, additional work is still needed to replicate these finding in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Mariah K. Evans
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clara Mellows
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lauren P. Hair
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Pao PC, Seo J, Lee A, Kritskiy O, Patnaik D, Penney J, Raju RM, Geigenmuller U, Silva MC, Lucente DE, Gusella JF, Dickerson BC, Loon A, Yu MX, Bula M, Yu M, Haggarty SJ, Tsai LH. A Cdk5-derived peptide inhibits Cdk5/p25 activity and improves neurodegenerative phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217864120. [PMID: 37043533 PMCID: PMC10120002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217864120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. This deleterious effect is mediated by pathological cleavage of the Cdk5 activator p35 into the truncated product p25, leading to prolonged Cdk5 activation and altered substrate specificity. Elevated p25 levels have been reported in humans and rodents with neurodegeneration, and the benefit of genetically blocking p25 production has been demonstrated previously in rodent and human neurodegenerative models. Here, we report a 12-amino-acid-long peptide fragment derived from Cdk5 (Cdk5i) that is considerably smaller than existing peptide inhibitors of Cdk5 (P5 and CIP) but shows high binding affinity toward the Cdk5/p25 complex, disrupts the interaction of Cdk5 with p25, and lowers Cdk5/p25 kinase activity. When tagged with a fluorophore (FITC) and the cell-penetrating transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence, the Cdk5i-FT peptide exhibits cell- and brain-penetrant properties and confers protection against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with Cdk5 hyperactivity in cell and mouse models of neurodegeneration, highlighting Cdk5i's therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Science and Technology, Daegu42988, South Korea
| | - Audrey Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Oleg Kritskiy
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ravikiran M. Raju
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ute Geigenmuller
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Diane E. Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Massachusetts General Hospital Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Gerontology Research Unit, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - James F. Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Gerontology Research Unit, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - Anjanet Loon
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Margaret X. Yu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Michael Bula
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Melody Yu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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Tao FF, Wang ZY, Wang Y, Lv QR, Cai PP, Min HW, Ge JW, Yin CY, Cheng R. Inhibition of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity ameliorates learning and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36964998 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxygen therapy plays a vital role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is the independent risk factor for neurodevelopment deficits in premature infants. However, the effect of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) on BPD-associated neurodevelopment deficits is not fully understood. METHODS Mice were placed in a hyperoxia chamber from postnatal Day 1 to Day 7. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung histomorphological characteristics. Learning and memory functions of mice were detected by Morris water maze. TUNEL staining was applied to measure the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of CDK5, apoptosis-related protein, and neuroplasticity-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Golgi staining was used to assess the structure of dendritic spines. RESULTS Hyperoxia-induced BPD mice showed a long-term learning and memory dysfunction, more severe neuronal apoptosis, and a decline of synaptic plasticity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation ameliorated cognitive deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity disorders in BPD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study first found a vital role of CDK5 in BPD-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibition of CDK5 overexpression could effectively improve cognitive dysfunctions in BPD mice, which indicated that hippocampal CDK5 may be a new target for prevention and treatment in learning and memory dysfunction of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Tao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Ru Lv
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Cai
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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A review on cyclin-dependent kinase 5: An emerging drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123259. [PMID: 36641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is the serine/threonine-directed kinase mainly found in the brain and plays a significant role in developing the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 is activated by specific cyclins regulating its expression and activity. P35 and p39 activate CDK5, and their proteolytic degradation produces p25 and p29, which are stable products involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, a significant hallmark of various neurological diseases. Numerous high-affinity inhibitors of CDK5 have been designed, and some are marketed drugs. Roscovitine, like other drugs, is being used to minimize neurological symptoms. Here, we performed an extensive literature analysis to highlight the role of CDK5 in neurons, synaptic plasticity, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, etc. We have investigated the structural features of CDK5, and their binding mode with the designed inhibitors is discussed in detail to develop attractive strategies in the therapeutic targeting of CDK5 for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides deeper mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK5 inhibitors and their implications in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Umfress A, Chakraborti A, Priya Sudarsana Devi S, Adams R, Epstein D, Massicano A, Sorace A, Singh S, Iqbal Hossian M, Andrabi SA, Crossman DK, Kumar N, Shahid Mukhtar M, Luo H, Simpson C, Abell K, Stokes M, Wiederhold T, Rosen C, Lu H, Natarajan A, Bibb JA. Cdk5 mediates rotational force-induced brain injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3394. [PMID: 36854738 PMCID: PMC9974974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur annually. TBIs commonly result from falls, traffic accidents, and sports-related injuries, all of which involve rotational acceleration/deceleration of the brain. During these injuries, the brain endures a multitude of primary insults including compression of brain tissue, damaged vasculature, and diffuse axonal injury. All of these deleterious effects can contribute to secondary brain ischemia, cellular death, and neuroinflammation that progress for weeks, months, and lifetime after injury. While the linear effects of head trauma have been extensively modeled, less is known about how rotational injuries mediate neuronal damage following injury. Here, we developed a new model of repetitive rotational head trauma in rodents and demonstrated acute and prolonged pathological, behavioral, and electrophysiological effects of rotational TBI (rTBI). We identify aberrant Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity as a principal mediator of rTBI. We utilized Cdk5-enriched phosphoproteomics to uncover potential downstream mediators of rTBI and show pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 reduces the cognitive and pathological consequences of injury. These studies contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the mechanisms of rTBI and how they may be effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Umfress
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoeni, Biomedical Sciences Partnership Bldg, Phoenix, AZ, 85004 , USA
| | | | - Raegan Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel Epstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adriana Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Iqbal Hossian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Rosen
- OSF Healthcare Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Hongbing Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoeni, Biomedical Sciences Partnership Bldg, Phoenix, AZ, 85004 , USA.
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Voltage-Gated T-Type Calcium Channel Modulation by Kinases and Phosphatases: The Old Ones, the New Ones, and the Missing Ones. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030461. [PMID: 36766802 PMCID: PMC9913649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) can regulate a wide variety of cellular fates, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. More importantly, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ level can modulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of physiological as well as pathological cellular events, including those important to cellular excitability, cell cycle, gene-transcription, contraction, cancer progression, etc. Not only intracellular Ca2+ level but the distribution of Ca2+ in the intracellular compartments is also a highly regulated process. For this Ca2+ homeostasis, numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required. There are also specialized proteins that are responsible for buffering and transport of Ca2+. T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) are one of those specialized proteins which play a key role in the signal transduction of many excitable and non-excitable cell types. TTCCs are low-voltage activated channels that belong to the family of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Over decades, multiple kinases and phosphatases have been shown to modulate the activity of TTCCs, thus playing an indirect role in maintaining cellular physiology. In this review, we provide information on the kinase and phosphatase modulation of TTCC isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3, which are mostly described for roles unrelated to cellular excitability. We also describe possible potential modulations that are yet to be explored. For example, both mitogen-activated protein kinase and citron kinase show affinity for different TTCC isoforms; however, the effect of such interaction on TTCC current/kinetics has not been studied yet.
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Baltissen D, Bold CS, Rehra L, Banićević M, Fricke J, Just J, Ludewig S, Buchholz CJ, Korte M, Müller UC. APPsα rescues CDK5 and GSK3β dysregulation and restores normal spine density in Tau transgenic mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1106176. [PMID: 36779015 PMCID: PMC9909437 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tau protein can be phosphorylated by numerous kinases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) hyperphosphorylated Tau species accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles that constitute a major hallmark of AD. AD is further characterized by extracellular Aβ plaques, derived from the β-amyloid precursor protein APP. Whereas Aβ is produced by amyloidogenic APP processing, APP processing along the competing non-amyloidogenic pathway results in the secretion of neurotrophic and synaptotrophic APPsα. Recently, we demonstrated that APPsα has therapeutic effects in transgenic AD model mice and rescues Aβ-dependent impairments. Here, we examined the potential of APPsα to regulate two major Tau kinases, GSK3β and CDK5 in THY-Tau22 mice, a widely used mouse model of tauopathy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a dramatic increase in pathologically phosphorylated (AT8 and AT180) or misfolded Tau species (MC1) in the hippocampus of THY-Tau22 mice between 3 and 12 months of age. Using a highly sensitive radioactive kinase assay with recombinant human Tau as a substrate and immunoblotting, we demonstrate an increase in GSK3β and CDK5 activity in the hippocampus of THY-Tau22 mice. Interestingly, AAV-mediated intracranial expression of APPsα in THY-Tau22 mice efficiently restored normal GSK3β and CDK5 activity. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of the CDK5 regulatory proteins p35 and p25, indicating CDK5 hyperactivation in THY-Tau22 mice. Strikingly, AAV-APPsα rescued p25 upregulation to wild-type levels even at stages of advanced Tau pathology. Sarkosyl fractionation used to study the abundance of soluble and insoluble phospho-Tau species revealed increased soluble AT8-Tau and decreased insoluble AT100-Tau species upon AAV-APPsα injection. Moreover, AAV-APPsα reduced misfolded (MC1) Tau species, particularly in somatodendritic compartments of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Finally, we show that AAV-APPsα upregulated PSD95 expression and rescued deficits in spine density of THY-Tau22 mice. Together our findings suggest that APPsα holds therapeutic potential to mitigate Tau-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Baltissen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte S. Bold
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Rehra
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Banićević
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Fricke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian J. Buchholz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike C. Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Ulrike C. Müller,
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Jayaswamy PK, Vijaykrishnaraj M, Patil P, Alexander LM, Kellarai A, Shetty P. Implicative role of epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling partners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101791. [PMID: 36403890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in early brain development, although its expression pattern declines in accordance with the maturation of the active nervous system. However, recurrence of EGFR expression in brain cells takes place during neural functioning decline and brain atrophy in order to maintain the homeostatic neuronal pool. As a consequence, neurotoxic lesions such as amyloid beta fragment (Aβ1-42) formed during the alternative splicing of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) elevate the expression of EGFR. This inappropriate peptide deposition on EGFR results in the sustained phosphorylation of the downstream signaling axis, leading to extensive Aβ1-42 production and tau phosphorylation as subsequent pathogenesis. Recent reports convey that the pathophysiology of AD is correlated with EGFR and its associated membrane receptor complex molecules. One such family of molecules is the annexin superfamily, which has synergistic relationships with EGFR and is known for membrane-bound signaling that contributes to a variety of inflammatory responses. Besides, Galectin-3, tissue-type activated plasminogen activator, and many more, which lineate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) result in severe neuronal loss. Altogether, we emphasized the perspectives of cellular senescence up-regulated by EGFR and its associated membrane receptor molecules in the pathogenesis of AD as a target for a therapeutical alternative to intervene in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vijaykrishnaraj
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Lobo Manuel Alexander
- Department of Neurology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Adithi Kellarai
- Department of General Medicine, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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46
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Jr RH, Dang LH, Chen J, Lee JH, Marquer C. Triplication of Synaptojanin 1 in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Down Syndrome. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:CAR-EPUB-127977. [PMID: 36464875 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221202102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS), caused by triplication of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is the most common form of intellectual disability worldwide. Recent progress in healthcare has resulted in a dramatic increase in the lifespan of individuals with DS. Unfortunately, most will develop Alzheimer's disease like dementia (DS-AD) as they age. Understanding similarities and differences between DS-AD and the other forms of the disease - i.e., late-onset AD (LOAD) and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) - will provide important clues for the treatment of DS-AD. In addition to the APP gene that codes the precursor of the main component of amyloid plaques found in the brain of AD patients, other genes on Hsa21 are likely to contribute to disease initiation and progression. This review focuses on SYNJ1, coding the phosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1). First, we highlight the function of SYNJ1 in the brain. We then summarize the involvement of SYNJ1 in the different forms of AD at the genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and neuropathology levels in humans. We further examine whether results in humans correlate with what has been described in murine and cellular models of the disease and report possible mechanistic links between SYNJ1 and the progression of the disease. Finally, we propose a set of questions that would further strengthen and clarify the role of SYNJ1 in the different forms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hwang Jr
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lam-Ha Dang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
- G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacinda Chen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
- G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
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47
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Humphreys BD. Decoupling dedifferentiation and G2/M arrest in kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:163846. [PMID: 36453550 PMCID: PMC9711866 DOI: 10.1172/jci163846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is required to develop effective therapeutic approaches. In this issue of the JCI, Taguchi, Elias, et al. explore the relationship between cyclin G1 (CG1), an atypical cyclin that induces G2/M proximal tubule cell cycle arrest, and epithelial dedifferentiation during fibrogenesis. While CG1-knockout mice were protected from fibrosis and had reduced G2/M arrest, protection was unexpectedly independent of induction of G2/M arrest. Rather, CG1 drove fibrosis by regulating maladaptive dedifferentiation in a CDK5-dependent mechanism. These findings highlight the importance of maladaptive epithelial dedifferentiation in kidney fibrogenesis and identify CG1/CDK5 signaling as a therapeutic target in CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Anusha-Kiran Y, Mol P, Dey G, Bhat FA, Chatterjee O, Deolankar SC, Philip M, Prasad TSK, Srinivas Bharath MM, Mahadevan A. Regional heterogeneity in mitochondrial function underlies region specific vulnerability in human brain ageing: Implications for neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:34-57. [PMID: 36195160 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective neuronal vulnerability (SNV) of specific neuroanatomical regions such as frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC) is characteristic of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), although its pathogenetic basis remains unresolved. We hypothesized that physiological differences in mitochondrial function in neuroanatomical regions could contribute to SNV. To investigate this, we evaluated mitochondrial function in human brains (age range:1-90 y) in FC, striatum (ST), HC, cerebellum (CB) and medulla oblongata (MD), using enzyme assays and quantitative proteomics. Striking differences were noted in resistant regions- MD and CB compared to the vulnerable regions- FC, HC and ST. At younger age (25 ± 5 y), higher activity of electron transport chain enzymes and upregulation of metabolic and antioxidant proteins were noted in MD compared to FC and HC, that was sustained with increasing age (≥65 y). In contrast, the expression of synaptic proteins was higher in FC, HC and ST (vs. MD). In line with this, quantitative phospho-proteomics revealed activation of upstream regulators (ERS, PPARα) of mitochondrial metabolism and inhibition of synaptic pathways in MD. Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) showed overexpression in FC, HC and ST both in young and older age (vs. MD). MAPT hyperphosphorylation and the activation of its kinases were noted in FC and HC with age. Our study demonstrates that regional heterogeneity in mitochondrial and other cellular functions contribute to SNV and protect regions such as MD, while rendering FC and HC vulnerable to NDDs. The findings also support the "last in, first out" hypothesis of ageing, wherein regions such as FC, that are the most recent to develop phylogenetically and ontogenetically, are the first to be affected in ageing and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarlagadda Anusha-Kiran
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, White Field, Bangalore, 560066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, White Field, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, White Field, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, White Field, Bangalore, 560066, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Sayali Chandrashekhar Deolankar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Mariamma Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of specific neurons. The exact mechanisms of action of these diseases are unknown, and many studies have focused on pathways related to abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress leading to apoptotic death. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant cell cycle re-entry plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. The activation of the cell cycle in mature neurons could be promoted by several signaling mechanisms, including c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades; post-translational modifications such as Tau-phosphorylation; and DNA damage response. In all these events, implicated Cdk5, a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase, seems to be responsible for several cellular processes in neurons including axon growth, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, neuronal migration, and maintenance of neuronal survival. However, under pathological conditions, Cdk5 dysregulation may lead to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. Thus, Cdk5 hyperactivation, by its physiologic activator p25, hyper-phosphorylates downstream substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes factors such as oxidative stress, DNA damage response, signaling pathway disturbance, and Ubiquitin proteasome malfunction contributing to cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons. It also describes how all these factors are linked to a greater or lesser extent with Cdk5. Thus, it offers a global vision of the function of cell cycle-related proteins in mature neurons with a focus on Cdk5 and how this protein contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease by cell cycle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain,Correspondence to: Raquel Requejo-Aguilar, PhD, .
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Tian Z, Feng B, Wang XQ, Tian J. Focusing on cyclin-dependent kinases 5: A potential target for neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1030639. [PMID: 36438186 PMCID: PMC9687395 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is a special member of proline-directed serine threonine kinase family. Unlike other Cdks, Cdk5 is not directly involved in cell cycle regulation but plays important roles in nervous system functions. Under physiological conditions, the activity of Cdk5 is tightly controlled by p35 or p39, which are specific activators of Cdk5 and highly expressed in post-mitotic neurons. However, they will be cleaved into the corresponding truncated forms namely p25 and p29 under pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases and neurotoxic insults. The binding to truncated co-activators results in aberrant Cdk5 activity and contributes to the initiation and progression of multiple neurological disorders through affecting the down-stream targets. Although Cdk5 kinase activity is mainly regulated through combining with co-activators, it is not the only way. Post-translational modifications of Cdk5 including phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation can also affect its kinase activity and then participate in physiological and pathological processes of nervous system. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of Cdk5 and its roles in a series of common neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, anxiety/depression, pathological pain and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xing-Qin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Infection, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, The First Batch of Key Disciplines On Public Health in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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