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Long MB, Chotirmall SH, Shteinberg M, Chalmers JD. Rethinking bronchiectasis as an inflammatory disease. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024:S2213-2600(24)00176-0. [PMID: 38971168 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is understood to be the result of a complex interaction between infection, impaired mucociliary clearance, inflammation, and lung damage. Current therapeutic approaches to bronchiectasis are heavily focused on management of infection along with enhancing mucus clearance. Long-term antibiotics have had limited success in clinical trials, suggesting a need to re-evaluate the concept of bronchiectasis as an infective disorder. We invoke the example of asthma, for which treatment paradigms shifted away from targeting smooth muscle constriction, towards permanently suppressing airway inflammation, reducing risk and ultimately inducing remission with precision anti-inflammatory treatments. In this Review, we argue that bronchiectasis is primarily a chronic inflammatory disease, requiring early identification of at-risk individuals, and we introduce a novel concept of disease activity with important implications for clinical practice and future research. A new generation of novel anti-inflammatory treatments are under development and repurposing of anti-inflammatory agents from other diseases could revolutionise patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, The B Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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2
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Gutierrez-Chavez C, Aperrigue-Lira S, Ortiz-Saavedra B, Paz I. Chemokine receptors in COVID-19 infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 388:53-94. [PMID: 39260938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play diverse roles in the immune response against pathogens by recruiting innate and adaptive immune cells to sites of infection. However, their involvement could also be detrimental, causing tissue damage and exacerbating respiratory diseases by triggering histological alterations such as fibrosis and remodeling. This chapter reviews the role of chemokine receptors in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19, CXCR3 is expressed mainly in T cells, and its upregulation is related to an increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies but also to COVID-19 severity. CCR5 is a key player in T-cell recruitment, and its suppression leads to reduced inflammation and viremia levels. Conversely, CXCR6 is implicated in the aberrant migration of memory T cells within airways. On the other hand, increased CCR4+ cells in the blood and decreased CCR4+ cells in lung cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Additionally, CCR2 is associated with an increase in macrophage recruitment to lung tissues. Elevated levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2, which are predominantly expressed in neutrophils, are associated with the severity of the disease, and finally, the expression of CX3CR1 in cytotoxic T lymphocytes affects the retention of these cells in lung tissues, thereby impacting the severity of COVID-19. Despite the efforts of many clinical trials to find effective therapies for COVID-19 using chemokine receptor inhibitors, no conclusive results have been found due to the small number of patients, redundancy, and co-expression of chemokine receptors by immune cells, which explains the difficulty in finding a single therapeutic target or effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalom Aperrigue-Lira
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru; Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología-GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Brando Ortiz-Saavedra
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru; Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología-GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Irmia Paz
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru.
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3
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Pandey N, Kaur H, Chorawala MR, Anand SK, Chandaluri L, Butler ME, Aishwarya R, Gaddam SJ, Shen X, Alfaidi M, Wang J, Zhang X, Beedupalli K, Bhuiyan MS, Bhuiyan MAN, Buchhanolla P, Rai P, Shah R, Chokhawala H, Jordan JD, Magdy T, Orr AW, Stokes KY, Rom O, Dhanesha N. Interactions between integrin α9β1 and VCAM-1 promote neutrophil hyperactivation and mediate poststroke DVT. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2104-2117. [PMID: 38498701 PMCID: PMC11063402 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Venous thromboembolic events are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in patients with stroke. Neutrophils are among the first cells in the blood to respond to stroke and are known to promote deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Integrin α9 is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed on neutrophils and stabilizes neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium via vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Nevertheless, the causative role of neutrophil integrin α9 in poststroke DVT remains unknown. Here, we found higher neutrophil integrin α9 and plasma VCAM-1 levels in humans and mice with stroke. Using mice with embolic stroke, we observed enhanced DVT severity in a novel model of poststroke DVT. Neutrophil-specific integrin α9-deficient mice (α9fl/flMrp8Cre+/-) exhibited a significant reduction in poststroke DVT severity along with decreased neutrophils and citrullinated histone H3 in thrombi. Unbiased transcriptomics indicated that α9/VCAM-1 interactions induced pathways related to neutrophil inflammation, exocytosis, NF-κB signaling, and chemotaxis. Mechanistic studies revealed that integrin α9/VCAM-1 interactions mediate neutrophil adhesion at the venous shear rate, promote neutrophil hyperactivation, increase phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Using pharmacogenomic profiling, virtual screening, and in vitro assays, we identified macitentan as a potent inhibitor of integrin α9/VCAM-1 interactions and neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelial cells. Macitentan reduced DVT severity in control mice with and without stroke, but not in α9fl/flMrp8Cre+/- mice, suggesting that macitentan improves DVT outcomes by inhibiting neutrophil integrin α9. Collectively, we uncovered a previously unrecognized and critical pathway involving the α9/VCAM-1 axis in neutrophil hyperactivation and DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Pandey
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Lakshmi Chandaluri
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Megan E. Butler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Richa Aishwarya
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Shiva J. Gaddam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Mabruka Alfaidi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Jian Wang
- Bioinformatics and Modeling Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Modeling Core, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Kavitha Beedupalli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | | | - Prabandh Buchhanolla
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Prashant Rai
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Rahul Shah
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Himanshu Chokhawala
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Karen Y. Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
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Lisi E, Abellan JJ. Statistical analysis of actigraphy data with generalised additive models. Pharm Stat 2024; 23:308-324. [PMID: 37973064 DOI: 10.1002/pst.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of physical activity data in clinical studies, particularly in diseases that limit mobility in patients. High-frequency data collected with digital sensors are typically summarised into actigraphy features aggregated at epoch level (e.g., by minute). The statistical analysis of such volume of data is not straightforward. The general trend is to derive metrics, capturing specific aspects of physical activity, that condense (say) a week worth of data into a single numerical value. Here we propose to analyse the entire time-series data using Generalised Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs are semi-parametric models that allow inclusion of both parametric and non-parametric terms in the linear predictor. The latter are smooth terms (e.g., splines) and, in the context of actigraphy minute-by-minute data analysis, they can be used to assess daily patterns of physical activity. This in turn can be used to better understand changes over time in longitudinal studies as well as to compare treatment groups. We illustrate the application of GAMs in two clinical studies where actigraphy data was collected: a non-drug, single-arm study in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and a physical-activity sub-study included in a phase 2b clinical trial in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Lazennec G, Rajarathnam K, Richmond A. CXCR2 chemokine receptor - a master regulator in cancer and physiology. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:37-55. [PMID: 37872025 PMCID: PMC10841707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have modified our understanding of the roles of chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its ligands in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Studies in Cxcr2 tissue-specific knockout mice show that this receptor is involved in, among other things, cancer, central nervous system (CNS) function, metabolism, reproduction, COVID-19, and the response to circadian cycles. Moreover, CXCR2 involvement in neutrophil function has been revisited not only in physiology but also for its major contribution to cancers. The recent unfolding of the role of CXCR2 in numerous cancers has led to extensive evaluation of multiple CXCR2 antagonists in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review we discuss the potential of targeting CXCR2 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Lazennec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sys2Diag-ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France; CNRS Groupement de Recherche (GDR) 3697 'Microenvironment of Tumor Niches', Micronit, France.
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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7
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Huang C, Fan X, Shen Y, Shen M, Yang L. Neutrophil subsets in noncancer liver diseases: Cellular crosstalk and therapeutic targets. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250324. [PMID: 37495829 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating granulocytes, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils can regulate inflammatory and immune responses through degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and NETosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of various noncancer liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and liver fibrosis. Cellular interactions among neutrophils, other immune cells, and nonimmune cells constitute a complex network that regulates the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review summarizes novel neutrophil subtypes, including CD177+ neutrophils and low-density neutrophils. Moreover, we provide an overview of the cellular cros stalk of neutrophils in noncancer liver diseases, aiming to shed new light on mechanistic studies of novel neutrophil subtypes. In addition, we discuss the potential of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in noncancer liver diseases, including inhibitors targeting NETosis, granule proteins, and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Li W, Crouse KK, Alley J, Frisbie RK, Fish SC, Andreyeva TA, Reed LA, Thorn M, DiMaggio G, Donovan CB, Bennett D, Garren J, Oziolor E, Qian J, Newman L, Vargas AP, Kumpf SW, Steyn SJ, Schnute ME, Thorarensen A, Hegen M, Stevens E, Collinge M, Lanz TA, Vincent F, Vincent MS, Berstein G. A Novel C-C Chemoattractant Cytokine (Chemokine) Receptor 6 (CCR6) Antagonist (PF-07054894) Distinguishes between Homologous Chemokine Receptors, Increases Basal Circulating CCR6 + T Cells, and Ameliorates Interleukin-23-Induced Skin Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:80-92. [PMID: 37142443 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking chemokine receptor C-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor (CCR) 6-dependent T cell migration has therapeutic promise in inflammatory diseases. PF-07054894 is a novel CCR6 antagonist that blocked only CCR6, CCR7, and C-X-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor (CXCR) 2 in a β-arrestin assay panel of 168 G protein-coupled receptors. Inhibition of CCR6-mediated human T cell chemotaxis by (R)-4-((2-(((1,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(1-methylcyclopentyl)methyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpicolinamide (PF-07054894) was insurmountable by CCR6 ligand, C-C motif ligand (CCL) 20. In contrast, blockade of CCR7-dependent chemotaxis in human T cells and CXCR2-dependent chemotaxis in human neutrophils by PF-07054894 were surmountable by CCL19 and C-X-C motif ligand 1, respectively. [3H]-PF-07054894 showed a slower dissociation rate for CCR6 than for CCR7 and CXCR2 suggesting that differences in chemotaxis patterns of inhibition could be attributable to offset kinetics. Consistent with this notion, an analog of PF-07054894 with fast dissociation rate showed surmountable inhibition of CCL20/CCR6 chemotaxis. Furthermore, pre-equilibration of T cells with PF-07054894 increased its inhibitory potency in CCL20/CCR6 chemotaxis by 10-fold. The functional selectivity of PF-07054894 for inhibition of CCR6 relative to CCR7 and CXCR2 is estimated to be at least 50- and 150-fold, respectively. When administered orally to naïve cynomolgus monkeys, PF-07054894 increased the frequency of CCR6+ peripheral blood T cells, suggesting that blockade of CCR6 inhibited homeostatic migration of T cells from blood to tissues. PF-07054894 inhibited interleukin-23-induced mouse skin ear swelling to a similar extent as genetic ablation of CCR6. PF-07054894 caused an increase in cell surface CCR6 in mouse and monkey B cells, which was recapitulated in mouse splenocytes in vitro. In conclusion, PF-07054894 is a potent and functionally selective CCR6 antagonist that blocks CCR6-mediated chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The chemokine receptor, C-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor 6 (CCR6) plays a key role in the migration of pathogenic lymphocytes and dendritic cells into sites of inflammation. (R)-4-((2-(((1,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(1-methylcyclopentyl)methyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpicolinamide (PF-07054894) is a novel CCR6 small molecule antagonist that illustrates the importance of binding kinetics in achieving pharmacological potency and selectivity. Orally administered PF-07054894 blocks homeostatic and pathogenic functions of CCR6, suggesting that it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly K Crouse
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Alley
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Richard K Frisbie
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Susan C Fish
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Tatyana A Andreyeva
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Lori A Reed
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mitchell Thorn
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Giovanni DiMaggio
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Carol B Donovan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Donald Bennett
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jeonifer Garren
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Elias Oziolor
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jesse Qian
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Leah Newman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Amanda P Vargas
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Steven W Kumpf
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Stefan J Steyn
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mark E Schnute
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Erin Stevens
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mark Collinge
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Thomas A Lanz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Michael S Vincent
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
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9
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Cazzola M, Hanania NA, Page CP, Matera MG. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1333-1352. [PMID: 37408603 PMCID: PMC10318108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key players in this process, although the extent of their participation varies according to the patient's endotype. Anti-inflammatory medications may modify the natural history and progression of COPD. However, since airway inflammation in COPD is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy, innovative pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are required. The heterogeneity of inflammatory cells and mediators in annethe different COPD endo-phenotypes requires the development of specific pharmacologic agents. Indeed, over the past two decades, several mechanisms that influence the influx and/or activity of inflammatory cells in the airways and lung parenchyma have been identified. Several of these molecules have been tested in vitro models and in vivo in laboratory animals, but only a few have been studied in humans. Although early studies have not been encouraging, useful information emerged suggesting that some of these agents may need to be further tested in specific subgroups of patients, hopefully leading to a more personalized approach to treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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10
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Ciminieri C, Woest ME, Reynaert NL, Heijink IH, Wardenaar R, Spierings DCJ, Brandsma CA, Königshoff M, Gosens R. IL-1β Induces a Proinflammatory Fibroblast Microenvironment that Impairs Lung Progenitors' Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:444-455. [PMID: 36608844 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0209oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state in the lungs and defective tissue repair. Although the inflammatory response in patients with COPD is well characterized and known to be exaggerated during exacerbations, its contribution to lung injury and abnormal repair is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the inflammatory microenvironment affects the epithelial progenitors and their supporting mesenchymal niche cells involved in tissue repair of the distal lung. We focused on IL-1β, a key inflammatory mediator that is increased during exacerbations of COPD, and used an organoid model of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to assess the effect of IL-1β treatment on these cells' transcriptome and secreted factors. Whereas direct treatment of the lung organoids with IL-1β promoted organoid growth, this switched toward inhibition when it was added as fibroblast pretreatment followed by organoid treatment. We then investigated the IL-1β-driven mechanisms in the fibroblasts and found an inflammatory response related to (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines; we confirmed that these chemokines were responsible for the impaired organoid growth and found that targeting their C-X-C chemokine receptors 1/2 (CXCR1/2) receptors or the IL-1β intracellular signaling reduced the proinflammatory response and restored organoid growth. These data demonstrate that IL-1β alters the fibroblasts' state by promoting a distinct inflammatory response, switching their supportive function on epithelial progenitors toward an inhibitory one in an organoid assay. These results imply that chronic inflammation functions as a shift toward inhibition of repair, thereby contributing to chronic inflammatory diseases like COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciminieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
| | - Manon E Woest
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
- Groningen Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
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11
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Krohl PJ, Fine J, Yang H, VanDyke D, Ang Z, Kim KB, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Spangler JB. Discovery of antibodies targeting multipass transmembrane proteins using a suspension cell-based evolutionary approach. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100429. [PMID: 37056366 PMCID: PMC10088246 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to their critical functions in cell sensing and signal processing, membrane proteins are highly preferred as pharmacological targets, and antibody drugs constitute the fastest growing category of therapeutic agents on the pharmaceutical market. However, major limitations exist in developing antibodies that recognize complex, multipass transmembrane proteins, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These challenges, largely due to difficulties with recombinant expression of multipass transmembrane proteins, can be overcome using whole-cell screening techniques, which enable presentation of the functional antigen in its native conformation. Here, we developed suspension cell-based whole-cell panning methodologies to screen for specific binders against GPCRs within a naive yeast-displayed antibody library. We implemented our strategy to discover high-affinity antibodies against four distinct GPCR target proteins, demonstrating the potential for our cell-based screening workflow to advance the discovery of antibody therapeutics targeting membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Krohl
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Justyn Fine
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ang
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kook Bum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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12
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055034. [PMID: 36902466 PMCID: PMC10003347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells of the innate immune response that fight pathogens by phagocytosis and degranulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released into the extracellular space to defend against invading pathogens. Although NETs play a defensive role against pathogens, excessive NETs can contribute to the pathogenesis of airway diseases. NETs are known to be directly cytotoxic to the lung epithelium and endothelium, highly involved in acute lung injury, and implicated in disease severity and exacerbation. This review describes the role of NET formation in airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis, and suggests that targeting NETs could be a therapeutic strategy for airway diseases.
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13
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Cambier S, Gouwy M, Proost P. The chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: molecular and functional properties, role in disease and efforts towards pharmacological intervention. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:217-251. [PMID: 36725964 PMCID: PMC9890491 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury. CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1, and glycosaminoglycans. Furthermore, (hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation, as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The CXCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy, as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials. CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12, which retains leukocytes in bone marrow. CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4, ACKR1, and ACKR3. Thereby, it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. However, CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions, as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Here, we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure, interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans, different levels of activity regulation, role in homeostasis and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Finally, we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Rumph JT, Stephens VR, Ameli S, Brown LK, Rayford KJ, Nde PN, Osteen KG, Bruner-Tran KL. A Paternal Fish Oil Diet Preconception Reduces Lung Inflammation in a Toxicant-Driven Murine Model of New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 36976210 PMCID: PMC10052688 DOI: 10.3390/md21030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a neonatal disease that is theorized to begin in utero and manifests as reduced alveolarization due to inflammation of the lung. Risk factors for new BPD in human infants include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature birth (PTB) and formula feeding. Using a mouse model, our group recently reported that a paternal history of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure increased his offspring's risk of IUGR, PTB, and new BPD. Additionally, formula supplementation of these neonates worsened the severity of pulmonary disease. In a separate study, we reported that a paternal preconception fish oil diet prevented TCDD-driven IUGR and PTB. Not surprisingly, eliminating these two major risk factors for new BPD also significantly reduced development of neonatal lung disease. However, this prior study did not examine the potential mechanism for fish oil's protective effect. Herein, we sought to determine whether a paternal preconception fish oil diet attenuated toxicant-associated lung inflammation, which is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of new BPD. Compared to offspring of standard diet TCDD-exposed males, offspring of TCDD-exposed males provided a fish oil diet prior to conception exhibited a significant reduction in pulmonary expression of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (Tlr4, Cxcr2, Il-1 alpha). Additionally, neonatal lungs of pups born to fish oil treated fathers exhibited minimal hemorrhaging or edema. Currently, prevention of BPD is largely focused on maternal strategies to improve health (e.g., smoking cessation) or reduce risk of PTB (e.g., progesterone supplementation). Our studies in mice support a role for also targeting paternal factors to improve pregnancy outcomes and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelonia T. Rumph
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Victoria R. Stephens
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sharareh Ameli
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - LaKendria K. Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kayla J. Rayford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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15
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Nesterova IV, Atazhakhova MG, Teterin YV, Matushkina VA, Chudilova GA, Mitropanova MN. THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETS)
IN THE IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF SEVERE COVID-19: POTENTIAL IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES REGULATING NET FORMATION AND ACTIVITY. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-tro-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with the recruitment of NG into inflammatory foci, activation of their functions and enhanced formation of neutrophil extracellular networks (NETs). In this review, we analyzed a fairly large volume of scientific literature devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of NETs, their role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, participation in the occurrence of immunothrombosis, vasculitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm syndrome, multi-organ lesions. Convincing data are presented that clearly indicate the significant involvement of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and the associated severe complications resulting from the intensification of the inflammation process, which is key for the course of infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The presented role of NG and NETs, along with the role of other immune system cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines, is extremely important in understanding the development of an overactive immune response in severe COVID-19. The obtained scientific results, available today, allow identifying the possibilities of regulatory effects on hyperactivated NG, on the formation of NETs at various stages and on limiting the negative impact of already formed NETs on various tissues and organs. All of the above should help in the creation of new, specialized immunotherapy strategies designed to increase the chances of survival, reduce the severity of clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19, as well as significantly reduce mortality rates. Currently, it is possible to use existing drugs and a number of new drugs are being developed, the action of which can regulate the amount of NG, positively affect the functions of NG and limit the intensity of NETs formation. Continuing research on the role of hyperactive NG and netosis, as well as understanding the mechanisms of regulation of the phenomenon of formation and restriction of NETs activity in severe COVID-19, apparently, are a priority, since in the future the new data obtained could become the basis for the development of targeted approaches not only to immunotherapy aimed at limiting education and blocking negative effects already formed NETs in severe COVID-19, but also to immunotherapy, which could be used in the complex treatment of other netopathies, first of all, autoimmune diseases, auto-inflammatory syndromes, severe purulent-inflammatory processes, including bacterial sepsis and hematogenous osteomyelitis.
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16
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Völs S, Kaisar-Iluz N, Shaul ME, Ryvkin A, Ashkenazy H, Yehuda A, Atamneh R, Heinberg A, Ben-David-Naim M, Nadav M, Hirsch S, Mitesser V, Salpeter SJ, Dzikowski R, Hayouka Z, Gershoni JM, Fridlender ZG, Granot Z. Targeted nanoparticles modify neutrophil function in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003871. [PMID: 36275643 PMCID: PMC9580275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in a broad spectrum of clinical conditions. Accordingly, manipulation of neutrophil function may provide a powerful immunotherapeutic approach. However, due to neutrophils characteristic short half-life and their large population number, this possibility was considered impractical. Here we describe the identification of peptides which specifically bind either murine or human neutrophils. Although the murine and human neutrophil-specific peptides are not cross-reactive, we identified CD177 as the neutrophil-expressed binding partner in both species. Decorating nanoparticles with a neutrophil-specific peptide confers neutrophil specificity and these neutrophil-specific nanoparticles accumulate in sites of inflammation. Significantly, we demonstrate that encapsulating neutrophil modifying small molecules within these nanoparticles yields specific modulation of neutrophil function (ROS production, degranulation, polarization), intracellular signaling and longevity both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neutrophil specific targeting may serve as a novel mode of immunotherapy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Völs
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Kaisar-Iluz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arik Ryvkin
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ashkenazy
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishag Yehuda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronza Atamneh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adina Heinberg
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Vera Mitesser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan M. Gershoni
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
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17
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Ngo ATP, Gollomp K. Building a better
NET
: Neutrophil extracellular trap targeted therapeutics in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. P. Ngo
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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18
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Milad N, Pineault M, Tremblay F, Routhier J, Lechasseur A, Beaulieu MJ, Aubin S, Morissette MC. Smoking status impacts treatment efficacy in smoke-induced lung inflammation: A pre-clinical study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971238. [PMID: 36160400 PMCID: PMC9490227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Smoking status and smoking history remain poorly accounted for as variables that could affect the efficacy of new drugs being tested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. As a proof of concept, we used a pre-clinical model of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to compare the impact of treatment during active CS exposure or during the cessation period on the anti-inflammatory effects IL-1α signaling blockade. Methods: Mice were exposed to CS for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week cessation, then acutely re-exposed for 2 days. Mice were treated with an anti-IL-1α antibody either during CS exposure or during cessation and inflammatory outcomes were assessed. Results: We found that mice re-exposed to CS displayed reduced neutrophil counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared to mice exposed only acutely. Moreover, we found that treatment with an anti-IL-1α antibody during the initial CS exposure delayed inflammatory processes and interfered with pulmonary adaptation, leading to rebound pulmonary neutrophilia, increased BAL cytokine secretion (CCL2) and upregulated Mmp12 expression. Conversely, administration of anti-IL-1α during cessation had the opposite effect, improving BAL neutrophilia, decreasing CCL2 levels and reducing Mmp12 expression. Discussion: These results suggest that pulmonary adaptation to CS exposure dampens inflammation and blocking IL-1α signaling during CS exposure delays the inflammatory response. More importantly, the same treatment administered during cessation hastens the return to pulmonary inflammatory homeostasis, strongly suggesting that smoking status and treatment timing should be considered when testing new biologics in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mathieu C. Morissette,
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19
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly controlled pain, thus new or improved treatments are desperately needed. One major challenge in pain research is the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical practice. The local neuroimmune interface plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain and is therefore a promising target for novel therapeutic development. Neurons interface with immune and immunocompetent cells in many distinct microenvironments along the nociceptive circuitry. The local neuroimmune interface can modulate the activity and property of the neurons to affect peripheral and central sensitization. In this review, we highlight a specific subset of many neuroimmune interfaces. In the central nervous system, we examine the interface between neurons and microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. In the periphery, we profile the interface between neurons in the dorsal root ganglion with T lymphocytes, satellite glial cells, and macrophages. To bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, we review the preclinical studies of each neuroimmune interface, discuss current clinical treatments in pain medicine that may exert its action at the neuroimmune interface, and highlight opportunities for future clinical research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Boff D, Russo RC, Crijns H, de Oliveira VLS, Mattos MS, Marques PE, Menezes GB, Vieira AT, Teixeira MM, Proost P, Amaral FA. The Therapeutic Treatment with the GAG-Binding Chemokine Fragment CXCL9(74-103) Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation and Lung Dysfunction during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116246. [PMID: 35682923 PMCID: PMC9181286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Bacterial pneumonia is characterized by a harmful inflammatory response with a massive influx of neutrophils, production of cytokines and chemokines, and consequent tissue damage and dysfunction. Targeted therapies to block neutrophil migration to avoid tissue damage while keeping the antimicrobial properties of tissue remains a challenge in the field. Here we tested the effect of the anti-inflammatory properties of the chemokine fragment CXCL9(74–103) in pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. Mice were infected by intratracheal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 6 h after infection were treated systemically with CXCL9(74–103). The recruitment of leukocytes, levels of cytokines and chemokines, colony-forming units (CFU), and lung function were evaluated. The treatment with CXCL9(74–103) decreased neutrophil migration to the airways and the production of the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) without affecting bacterial control. In addition, the therapeutic treatment improved lung function in infected mice. Our results indicated that the treatment with CXCL9(74–103) reduced inflammation and improved lung function in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Boff
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (D.B.); (V.L.S.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Helena Crijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Vivian Louise Soares de Oliveira
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (D.B.); (V.L.S.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center of Gastrointestinal Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (D.B.); (V.L.S.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (M.S.M.); (P.E.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Imunofarmacologia, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (D.B.); (V.L.S.d.O.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (F.A.A.)
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21
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Keir HR, Chalmers JD. Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210241. [PMID: 35197267 PMCID: PMC9488971 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0241-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple chronic lung diseases. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has emerged as a key mechanism of disease in neutrophilic lung diseases including asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and, most recently, bronchiectasis. NETs are large, web-like structures composed of DNA and anti-microbial proteins that are able to bind pathogens, prevent microbial dissemination and degrade bacterial virulence factors. The release of excess concentrations of proteases, antimicrobial proteins, DNA and histones, however, also leads to tissue damage, impaired mucociliary clearance, impaired bacterial killing and increased inflammation. A number of studies have linked airway NET formation with greater disease severity, increased exacerbations and overall worse disease outcomes across the spectrum of airway diseases. Treating neutrophilic inflammation has been challenging in chronic lung disease because of the delicate balance between reducing inflammation and increasing the risk of infections through immunosuppression. Novel approaches to suppressing NET formation or the associated inflammation are in development and represent an important therapeutic target. This review will discuss the relationship between NETs and the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD and bronchiectasis, and explore the current and future development of NET-targeting therapies. NETs contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic lung disease. Immunomodulating therapies that may reduce inflammatory mediators and NET formation, without compromising bacterial clearance, offer a new treatment path for patients. https://bit.ly/3fyJC6I
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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22
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Billen M, Schols D, Verwilst P. Targeting chemokine receptors from the inside-out: discovery and development of small-molecule intracellular antagonists. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4132-4148. [PMID: 35274633 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the first biologically active chemokines were discovered in the late 1980s, these messenger proteins and their receptors have been the target for a plethora of drug discovery efforts in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in academia. Owing to the publication of several chemokine receptor X-ray crystal structures, a highly druggable, intracellular, allosteric binding site which partially overlaps with the G protein binding site was discovered. This intriguing, new approach for chemokine receptor antagonism has captured researchers around the world, pushing the exploration of this intracellular binding site and new antagonists thereof. In this review, we have highlighted the past two decades of research on small-molecule chemokine receptor antagonists that modulate receptor function at the intracellular binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Billen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verwilst
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Identification of novel chemotypes as CXCR2 antagonists via a scaffold hopping approach from a thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Southworth T, Jevnikar Z, McCrae C, Singh D. A sputum 6-gene signature predicts airway inflammation endotypes and exacerbation frequency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomark Med 2022; 16:277-289. [PMID: 35176870 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To validate a sputum 6-gene signature (6GS), comprising of CLC, CPA, DNASE1L3, IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2, for identifying different endotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology & results: Sputum cell CLC, CPA3 and DNASE1L3 gene expression correlated with eosinophil percentage, while IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2 correlated with neutrophil percentage. Hierarchical cluster analyses of IL-1B, ALPL and CXCR2, and CLC, CPA3 and DNASE1L3, identified patient groups that differed in their sputum neutrophil and eosinophil levels, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions demonstrated that the 6GS could distinguish between eosinophilHigh and eosinophilLow patients, as well as neutrophilHigh and neutrophilLow, and could also predict exacerbation history. Conclusion: The 6GS may have applications in clinical practice or for stratifying patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Southworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| | - Zala Jevnikar
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher McCrae
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
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25
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Uwagboe I, Adcock IM, Lo Bello F, Caramori G, Mumby S. New drugs under development for COPD. Minerva Med 2022; 113:471-496. [PMID: 35142480 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include inflammation and remodelling of the lower airways and lung parenchyma together with activation of inflammatory and immune processes. Due to the increasing habit of cigarette smoking worldwide COPD prevalence is increasing globally. Current therapies are unable to prevent COPD progression in many patients or target many of its hallmark characteristics which may reflect the lack of adequate biomarkers to detect the heterogeneous clinical and molecular nature of COPD. In this chapter we review recent molecular data that may indicate novel pathways that underpin COPD subphenotypes and indicate potential improvements in the classes of drugs currently used to treat COPD. We also highlight the evidence for new drugs or approaches to treat COPD identified using molecular and other approaches including kinase inhibitors, cytokine- and chemokine-directed biologicals and small molecules, antioxidants and redox signalling pathway inhibitors, inhaled anti-infectious agents and senolytics. It is important to consider the phenotypes/molecular endotypes of COPD patients together with specific outcome measures to target new therapies to particular COPD subtypes. This will require greater understanding of COPD molecular pathologies and a focus on biomarkers of predicting disease subsets and responder/non-responder populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Uwagboe
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK -
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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26
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Herrero-Cervera A, Soehnlein O, Kenne E. Neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:177-191. [PMID: 35039631 PMCID: PMC8803838 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of many disease conditions that affect a large group of individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent, low-grade inflammation and is increased in the aging population. Neutrophils are normally the first responders to acute inflammation and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. However, in chronic inflammation, the role of neutrophils is less well understood and has been described as either beneficial or detrimental, causing tissue damage and enhancing the immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are important players in several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune disorders. This review will highlight the interaction of neutrophils with other cells in the context of chronic inflammation, the contribution of neutrophils to selected chronic inflammatory diseases, and possible future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Novel Immunomodulatory Therapies for Respiratory Pathologies. COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8238403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mincham KT, Bruno N, Singanayagam A, Snelgrove RJ. Our evolving view of neutrophils in defining the pathology of chronic lung disease. Immunology 2021; 164:701-721. [PMID: 34547115 PMCID: PMC8561104 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical components of the body's immune response to infection, being loaded with a potent arsenal of toxic mediators and displaying immense destructive capacity. Given the potential of neutrophils to impart extensive tissue damage, it is perhaps not surprising that when augmented these cells are also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Prominent neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark feature of patients with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, with their numbers frequently associating with worse prognosis. Accordingly, it is anticipated that neutrophils are central to the pathology of these diseases and represent an attractive therapeutic target. However, in many instances, evidence directly linking neutrophils to the pathology of disease has remained somewhat circumstantial and strategies that have looked to reduce neutrophilic inflammation in the clinic have proved largely disappointing. We have classically viewed neutrophils as somewhat crude, terminally differentiated, insular and homogeneous protagonists of pathology. However, it is now clear that this does not do the neutrophil justice, and we now recognize that these cells exhibit heterogeneity, a pronounced awareness of the localized environment and a remarkable capacity to interact with and modulate the behaviour of a multitude of cells, even exhibiting anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and pro-repair functions. In this review, we discuss evidence for the role of neutrophils in chronic lung disease and how our evolving view of these cells may impact upon our perceived assessment of their contribution to disease pathology and efforts to target them therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Mincham
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicoletta Bruno
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Shen M, Du Y, Ye Y. Tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils: biological roles, crosstalk, and therapeutic relevance. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:222-243. [PMID: 37724296 PMCID: PMC10388790 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells constitute a series of plastic and heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and exhibit different phenotypes and functions in response to various microenvironmental signals. In light of promising preclinical data indicating that myeloid-based therapy can effectively suppress tumor growth, a series of novel immune-based therapies and approaches are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. A better understanding of the diversity and functional roles of different myeloid cell subtypes and of how they are associated with TME remodeling may help to improve cancer therapy. Herein, we focus on myeloid cells and discuss how tumor cells can simultaneously reprogram these cells through tumor-derived factors and metabolites. In addition, we discuss the interactions between myeloid cells and other cells in the TME that have the potential to directly or indirectly regulate tumor initiation, invasion, or angiogenesis. We further discuss the current and future potential applications of myeloid cells in the development of focused therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Shen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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31
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Wang HH, Cheng SL. From Biomarkers to Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111638. [PMID: 34829866 PMCID: PMC8615492 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of biomarkers involved in COPD, and potential novel biological therapies that may provide additional therapeutic options for COPD. The complex characteristics of COPD have made the recommendation of a generalized therapy challenging, suggesting that a tailored, personalized strategy may lead to better outcomes. Existing and unmet needs for COPD treatment support the continued development of biological therapies, including additional investigations into the potential clinical applications of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10042, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10042, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8966-7000 (ext. 2160); Fax: +886-2-7738-0708
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32
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Keir HR, Chalmers JD. IL-6 trans-signalling: how Haemophilus surfs the NET to amplify inflammation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/4/2102143. [PMID: 34649972 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02143-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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33
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Baker JR, Donnelly LE. Leukocyte Function in COPD: Clinical Relevance and Potential for Drug Therapy. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2227-2242. [PMID: 34354348 PMCID: PMC8331105 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s266394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition affecting 10% of the global population over 45 years. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments, with current therapies treating only the symptoms of the disease. COPD is an inflammatory disease, with a high infiltration of leukocytes being found within the lung of COPD patients. These leukocytes, if not kept in check, damage the lung, leading to the pathophysiology associated with the disease. In this review, we focus on the main leukocytes found within the COPD lung, describing how the release of chemokines from the damaged epithelial lining recruits these cells into the lung. Once present, these cells become active and may be driven towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. These cells release their own subtypes of inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases which can all lead to airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion and emphysema. Finally, we describe some of the current therapies and potential new targets that could be utilized to target aberrant leukocyte function in the COPD lung. Here, we focus on old therapies such as statins and corticosteroids, but also look at the emerging field of biologics describing those which have been tested in COPD already and potential new monoclonal antibodies which are under review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Belchamber KBR, Hughes MJ, Spittle DA, Walker EM, Sapey E. New Pharmacological Tools to Target Leukocyte Trafficking in Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704173. [PMID: 34367163 PMCID: PMC8334730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the lung results in the recruitment of non-resident immune cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. This swift response should ensure clearance of the threat and resolution of stimuli which drive inflammation. However, once the threat is subdued this influx of immune cells should be followed by clearance of recruited cells through apoptosis and subsequent efferocytosis, expectoration or retrograde migration back into the circulation. This cycle of cell recruitment, containment of threat and then clearance of immune cells and repair is held in exquisite balance to limit host damage. Advanced age is often associated with detrimental changes to the balance described above. Cellular functions are altered including a reduced ability to traffic accurately towards inflammation, a reduced ability to clear pathogens and sustained inflammation. These changes, seen with age, are heightened in lung disease, and most chronic and acute lung diseases are associated with an exaggerated influx of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the airways as well as considerable inflammation. Indeed, across many lung diseases, pathogenesis and progression has been associated with the sustained presence of trafficking cells, with examples including chronic diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and acute infections such as Pneumonia and Pneumonitis. In these instances, there is evidence that dysfunctional and sustained recruitment of cells to the airways not only increases host damage but impairs the hosts ability to effectively respond to microbial invasion. Targeting leukocyte migration in these instances, to normalise cellular responses, has therapeutic promise. In this review we discuss the current evidence to support the trafficking cell as an immunotherapeutic target in lung disease, and which potential mechanisms or pathways have shown promise in early drug trials, with a focus on the neutrophil, as the quintessential trafficking immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hughes
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniella A. Spittle
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise M. Walker
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex, heterogeneous disorder defined by both a radiological abnormality of permanent bronchial dilatation and a clinical syndrome. There are multiple underlying causes including severe infections, mycobacterial disease, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity disorders, and genetic conditions. The pathophysiology of disease is understood in terms of interdependent concepts of chronic infection, inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and structural lung damage. Neutrophilic inflammation is characteristic of the disease, with elevated levels of harmful proteases such as neutrophil elastase associated with worse outcomes. Recent data show that neutrophil extracellular trap formation may be the key mechanism leading to protease release and severe bronchiectasis. Despite the dominant of neutrophilic disease, eosinophilic subtypes are recognized and may require specific treatments. Neutrophilic inflammation is associated with elevated bacterial loads and chronic infection with organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Loss of diversity of the normal lung microbiota and dominance of proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas and Haemophilus are features of severe bronchiectasis and link to poor outcomes. Ciliary dysfunction is also a key feature, exemplified by the rare genetic syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Mucus symptoms arise through goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and reduced ciliary function through dyskinesia and loss of ciliated cells. The contribution of chronic inflammation, infection, and mucus obstruction leads to progressive structural lung damage. The heterogeneity of the disease is the most challenging aspect of management. An understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and their biomarkers can help to guide personalized medicine approaches utilizing the concept of "treatable traits."
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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36
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Nakabo S, Romo-Tena J, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophils as Drivers of Immune Dysregulation in Autoimmune Diseases with Skin Manifestations. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:823-833. [PMID: 34253374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in the phenotype and function of neutrophils may play important roles in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune responses, including conditions affecting the skin. Neutrophils can have local and systemic effects on innate and adaptive immune cells as well as on resident cells in the skin, including keratinocytes (KCs). Aberrant formation/clearance of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory diseases have been associated with the externalization of modified autoantigens in peripheral blood and tissues. NETs can impact the function of many cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and KCs. Emerging evidence has unveiled the pathogenic key roles of neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and other chronic inflammatory conditions. As such, neutrophil-targeting strategies represent promising therapeutic options for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Nakabo
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge Romo-Tena
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Medical Science PhD Program, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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37
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Llanos-Paez C, Ambery C, Yang S, Tabberer M, Beerahee M, Plan EL, Karlsson MO. Improved Decision-Making Confidence Using Item-Based Pharmacometric Model: Illustration with a Phase II Placebo-Controlled Trial. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:79. [PMID: 34080077 PMCID: PMC8172506 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate how a new methodology to assess clinical trial outcome measures using a longitudinal item response theory–based model (IRM) could serve as an alternative to mixed model repeated measures (MMRM). Data from the EXACT (Exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease tool) which is used to capture frequency, severity, and duration of exacerbations in COPD were analyzed using an IRM. The IRM included a graded response model characterizing item parameters and functions describing symptom-time course. Total scores were simulated (month 12) using uncertainty in parameter estimates. The 50th (2.5th, 97.5th) percentiles of the resulting simulated differences in average total score (drug minus placebo) represented the estimated drug effect (95%CI), which was compared with published MMRM results. Furthermore, differences in sample size, sensitivity, specificity, and type I and II errors between approaches were explored. Patients received either oral danirixin 75 mg twice daily (n = 45) or placebo (n = 48) on top of standard of care over 52 weeks. A step function best described the COPD symptoms-time course in both trial arms. The IRM improved precision of the estimated drug effect compared to MMRM, resulting in a sample size of 2.5 times larger for the MMRM analysis to achieve the IRM precision. The IRM showed a higher probability of a positive predictive value (34%) than MMRM (22%). An item model–based analysis data gave more precise estimates of drug effect than MMRM analysis for the same endpoint in this one case study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Ambery
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline plc, London, UK
| | - Shuying Yang
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline plc, London, UK
| | - Maggie Tabberer
- Patient Centred Outcomes: Value Evidence and Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
| | - Misba Beerahee
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline plc, London, UK
| | - Elodie L Plan
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats O Karlsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Annibale R, Russo F, Cazzola M. Classes of drugs that target the cellular components of inflammation under clinical development for COPD. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1015-1027. [PMID: 33957839 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1925537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The persistent inflammation that characterizes COPD and affects its natural course also impacting on symptoms has prompted research to find molecules that can regulate the inflammatory process but still available anti-inflammatory therapies provide little or no benefit in COPD patients. Consequently, numerous anti-inflammatory molecules that are effective in animal models of COPD have been or are being evaluated in humans. AREAS COVERED In this article we describe several classes of drugs that target the cellular components of inflammation under clinical development for COPD. EXPERT OPINION Although the results of many clinical trials with new molecules have often been disappointing, several studies are underway to investigate whether some of these molecules may be effective in treating specific subgroups of COPD patients. Indeed, the current perspective is to apply a more personalized treatment to the patient. This means being able to better define the patient's inflammatory state and treat it in a targeted manner. Unfortunately, the difficulty in translating encouraging experimental data into human clinical trials, the redundancy in the effects induced by signal-transmitting substances and the nonspecific effects of many classes that are undergoing clinical trials, do not yet allow specific inflammatory cell types to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosa Annibale
- Pharmacy Unit, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Pharmacy Unit, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Lin WC, Fessler MB. Regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil migration from the circulation to the airspace. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4095-4124. [PMID: 33544156 PMCID: PMC7863617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil, a short-lived effector leukocyte of the innate immune system best known for its proteases and other degradative cargo, has unique, reciprocal physiological interactions with the lung. During health, large numbers of ‘marginated’ neutrophils reside within the pulmonary vasculature, where they patrol the endothelial surface for pathogens and complete their life cycle. Upon respiratory infection, rapid and sustained recruitment of neutrophils through the endothelial barrier, across the extravascular pulmonary interstitium, and again through the respiratory epithelium into the airspace lumen, is required for pathogen killing. Overexuberant neutrophil trafficking to the lung, however, causes bystander tissue injury and underlies several acute and chronic lung diseases. Due in part to the unique architecture of the lung’s capillary network, the neutrophil follows a microanatomic passage into the distal airspace unlike that observed in other end-organs that it infiltrates. Several of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the stepwise recruitment of circulating neutrophils to the infected lung have been defined over the past few decades; however, fundamental questions remain. In this article, we provide an updated review and perspective on emerging roles for the neutrophil in lung biology, on the molecular mechanisms that control the trafficking of neutrophils to the lung, and on past and ongoing efforts to design therapeutics to intervene upon pulmonary neutrophilia in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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40
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Trivedi A, Khan MA, Bade G, Talwar A. Orchestration of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (Nets), a Unique Innate Immune Function during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Development. Biomedicines 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33435568 PMCID: PMC7826777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity, mortality and economic burden caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global concern. Surprisingly, COPD is already the third leading cause of death worldwide, something that WHO had not predicted to occur until 2030. It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles of gases. Neutrophil is one of the key infiltrated innate immune cells in the lung during the pathogenesis of COPD. Neutrophils during pathogenic attack or injury decide to undergo for a suicidal death by releasing decondensed chromatin entangled with antimicrobial peptides to trap and ensnare pathogens. Casting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been widely demonstrated to be an effective mechanism against invading microorganisms thus controlling overwhelming infections. However, aberrant and massive NETs formation has been reported in several pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, NETs can directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death resulting in impairing pulmonary function and accelerating the progression of the disease. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of NET formation is the need of the hour in order to use NETs for beneficial purpose and controlling their involvement in disease exacerbation. For example, DNA neutralization of NET proteins using protease inhibitors and disintegration with recombinant human DNase would be helpful in controlling excess NETs. Targeting CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) would also reduce neutrophilic inflammation, mucus production and neutrophil-proteinase mediated tissue destruction in lung. In this review, we discuss the interplay of NETs in the development and pathophysiology of COPD and how these NETs associated therapies could be leveraged to disrupt NETopathic inflammation as observed in COPD, for better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Trivedi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
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41
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Matera MG, Cazzola M, Page C. Prospects for COPD treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:74-84. [PMID: 33333428 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is fundamentally still heavily dependent on the use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Therefore, there is a need for alternative, more effective and safer therapeutic approaches. In particular, since inflammation in COPD lungs is often poorly responsive to corticosteroid treatment, novel pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are needed to optimally treat COPD patients. There have been multiple attempts to develop drugs that inhibit recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils and T-lymphocytes, in the lungs of patients with COPD or target inflammatory mediators that are important in the recruitment or activation of these inflammatory cells or released by such cells. This review article focuses on novel classes of anti-inflammatory drugs that have already been tested in humans as possible treatments for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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42
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Chiang CC, Korinek M, Cheng WJ, Hwang TL. Targeting Neutrophils to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Coronavirus Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:572009. [PMID: 33162887 PMCID: PMC7583590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes targeting neutrophils as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neutrophil counts are significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19 and significantly correlated with disease severity. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can serve as a clinical marker for predicting fatal complications related to ARDS in patients with COVID-19. Neutrophil-associated inflammation plays a critical pathogenic role in ARDS. The effector functions of neutrophils, acting as respiratory burst oxidants, granule proteases, and neutrophil extracellular traps, are linked to the pathogenesis of ARDS. Hence, neutrophils can not only be used as pathogenic markers but also as candidate drug targets for COVID-19 associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lo Bello F, Hansbro PM, Donovan C, Coppolino I, Mumby S, Adcock IM, Caramori G. New drugs under development for COPD. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:419-431. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1819982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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