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Shekarchian M, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Physical activity in a swimming pool attenuates memory impairment by reducing glutamate and inflammatory cytokines and increasing BDNF in the brain of mice with type 2 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110725. [PMID: 37543294 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise is beneficial for the treatment of clinical symptoms in diabetic patients. The current study aimed to evaluate whether increasing physical activity through swimming training can reduce memory impairment in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and non-diabetes mice underwent swimming training for four weeks, and then working, spatial, and recognition memory were evaluated using three behavioral tests. Body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance were monitored. We also measured inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α), an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF), and glutamate levels in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex of mice. The findings showed that diabetes increased body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, impaired working, spatial and recognition memory, increased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate levels, and decreased BDNF in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. While higher physical activity was associated with reduced body weight, glucose, and insulin resistance, attenuated memory impairment, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and glutamate, and increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study shows that swimming training can normalize body weight and glucose-insulin axis and reduce inflammation and glutamate in the hippocampus and enhance the neurotrophic system in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of diabetic mice. This study also suggests that higher physical activity through swimming training can improve cognitive impairment in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Shekarchian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Lu S, Li Y, Qian Z, Zhao T, Feng Z, Weng X, Yu L. Role of the inflammasome in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052756. [PMID: 36993972 PMCID: PMC10040598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a protein complex composed of a variety of proteins in cells and which participates in the innate immune response of the body. It can be activated by upstream signal regulation and plays an important role in pyroptosis, apoptosis, inflammation, tumor regulation, etc. In recent years, the number of metabolic syndrome patients with insulin resistance (IR) has increased year by year, and the inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasome can directly or indirectly affect conduction of the insulin signaling pathway, involvement the occurrence of IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, various therapeutic agents also work through the inflammasome to treat with diabetes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome on IR and T2DM, pointing out the association and utility value. Briefly, we have discussed the main inflammasomes, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6 and AIM2, as well as their structure, activation and regulation in IR were described in detail. Finally, we discussed the current therapeutic options-associated with inflammasome for the treatment of T2DM. Specially, the NLRP3-related therapeutic agents and options are widely developed. In summary, this article reviews the role of and research progress on the inflammasome in IR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhaojun Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Yu, ; Xiaogang Weng,
| | - Lili Yu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Yu, ; Xiaogang Weng,
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Glibenclamide alleviates β adrenergic receptor activation-induced cardiac inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1243-1250. [PMID: 34349235 PMCID: PMC9061800 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overactivation is a major pathological factor associated with cardiac diseases and mediates cardiac inflammatory injury. Glibenclamide has shown anti-inflammatory effects in previous research. However, it is unclear whether and how glibenclamide can alleviate cardiac inflammatory injury induced by β-AR overactivation. In the present study, male C57BL/6J mice were treated with or without the β-AR agonist isoprenaline (ISO) with or without glibenclamide pretreatment. The results indicated that glibenclamide alleviated ISO-induced macrophage infiltration in the heart, as determined by Mac-3 staining. Consistent with this finding, glibenclamide also inhibited ISO-induced chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines expression in the heart. Moreover, glibenclamide inhibited ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice. To reveal the protective mechanism of glibenclamide, the NLRP3 inflammasome was further analysed. ISO activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in both cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts, but this effect was alleviated by glibenclamide pretreatment. Furthermore, in cardiomyocytes, ISO increased the efflux of potassium and the generation of ROS, which are recognized as activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The ISO-induced increases in these processes were inhibited by glibenclamide pretreatment. Moreover, glibenclamide inhibited the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway, which is downstream of β-AR, by increasing phosphodiesterase activity in mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, glibenclamide alleviates β-AR overactivation-induced cardiac inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The underlying mechanism involves glibenclamide-mediated suppression of potassium efflux and ROS generation by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Lian H, Fang X, Li Q, Liu S, Wei Q, Hua X, Li W, Liao C, Yuan X. NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis Pathway Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Candida albicans Keratitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:845129. [PMID: 35463001 PMCID: PMC9020473 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.845129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fungal keratitis is a sight-threatening corneal infection caused by fungal pathogens, and the pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributes to Candida albicans (C. albicans) keratitis and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods An in vivo mouse model of C. albicans keratitis and an in vitro culture model of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) challenged with heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) were established in this study. The degree of corneal infection was evaluated by clinical scoring. Gene expression was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis or immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate protein expression. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to examine the pyroptotic cell death. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Results Compared with the mock-infected group, we observed that the mRNA levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 (CASP1), interleukin (IL)−1β and gasdermin-D (GSDMD) in C. albicans-infected mice cornea was significantly increased. Our data also demonstrated that the protein expression of NLRP3 and the pyroptosis-related markers apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved CASP1, N-GSDMD, cleaved IL-1β and cleaved IL-18 as well as pyroptotic cell death were dramatically elevated in the mouse model of C. albicans keratitis. More importantly, NLRP3 knockdown markedly alleviated pyroptosis and consequently reduced corneal inflammatory reaction in C. albicans keratitis. In vitro, the presence of activated NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptotic cell death were validated in HCECs exposed to HKCA. Furthermore, the potassium (K+) channel inhibitor glyburide decreased LDH release and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in HCECs exposed to HKCA. Conclusion In conclusion, the current study revealed for the first time that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis occur in C. albicans-infected mouse corneas and HCECs. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis signaling is involved in the disease severity of C. albicans keratitis. Therefore, This NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway may be an attractive target for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Lian
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLong Fang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenguang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.,The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Buckley LF, Potere N, Di Nisio M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 236:108053. [PMID: 34906598 PMCID: PMC9187780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex that plays a major role in innate immunity. Following tissue injury, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in cytokine production, primarily interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18, and, eventually, inflammatory cell death - pyroptosis. While a balanced inflammatory response favors damage resolution and tissue healing, excessive NLRP3 activation causes detrimental effects. A key involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported across a wide range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several pharmacological agents selectively targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome system have been developed and tested in animals and early phase human studies with overall promising results. While the NLRP3 inhibitors are in clinical development, multiple randomized trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of IL-1 blockade in atherothrombosis, heart failure and recurrent pericarditis. Furthermore, the non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine has been recently shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary disease. In this review, we will outline the mechanisms driving NLRP3 assembly and activation, and discuss the pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CVDs, providing an overview of the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leo F Buckley
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Potere
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Feng Z, Fang Z, Chen C, Vong CT, Chen J, Lou R, Hoi MPM, Gan L, Lin L. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Refined Fractions from Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226886. [PMID: 34833980 PMCID: PMC8620367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the chemical components responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk (Juglandaceae) leaves, an ethanol extract (CPE) and a water extract (CPW) of C. paliurus leaves, as well as their total flavonoids (CPF), triterpenoids (CPT) and crude polysaccharides (CPP), were prepared and assessed on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. After being orally administrated once a day for 24 days, CPF (300 mg/kg), CPP (180 mg/kg), or CPF+CPP (300 mg/kg CPF + 180 mg/kg CPP) treatment reversed STZ-induced body weight and muscle mass losses. The glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests suggested that CPF, CPP, and CPF+CPP showed anti-hyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, CPF enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. CPF and CPP suppressed inflammatory cytokine levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, CPF and CPP improved STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy assessed by H&E staining, blood urea nitrogen content, and urine creatinine level. The molecular networking and Emperor analysis results indicated that CPF showed potential anti-hyperglycemic effects, and HPLC–MS/MS analysis indicated that CPF contains 3 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids. In contrast, CPT (650 mg/kg) and CPC (300 mg/kg CPF + 180 mg/kg CPP + 650 mg/kg CPT) did not show anti-hyperglycemic effect. Taken together, polysaccharides and flavonoids are responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect of C. paliurus leaves, and the clinical application of C. paliurus need to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Zhujun Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Jiali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Ruohan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (L.L.)
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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Wu X, Liu Y, Tu D, Liu X, Niu S, Suo Y, Liu T, Li G, Liu C. Role of NLRP3-Inflammasome/Caspase-1/Galectin-3 Pathway on Atrial Remodeling in Diabetic Rabbits. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:731-740. [PMID: 32048199 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are usually associated with enhanced inflammatory response. The effect of the "NACHT, LRR and PYD domain containing protein 3" (NLRP3)-inflammasome/caspase-1/galectin-3 pathway and the potential benefits of NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor glibenclamide (GLB) on atrial remodeling in the DM state are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that higher AF inducibility and conduction inhomogeneity, slower epicardial conduction velocity, and increased amount of fibrosis in diabetic rabbits as against normal ones were markedly reduced by GLB. Atrial caspase-1 activity as well as serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were elevated in diabetic animals but suppressed by GLB. Moreover, GLB decreased the DM-induced protein expression enhancement of NLRP3, Gal-3, TGF-β1, and CaV1.2 according to western blot analysis. Summarily, our findings indicate that the NLRP3-inflammasome/caspase-1/Gal-3 signaling pathway is related to the pathogenesis of AF in the diabetic state. NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor GLB prevents AF inducibility and moderates atrial structural remodeling in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Daimiao Tu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Suo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Changle Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
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Zou Y, Zhou C, Xu H, Yu J, Ye P, Zhang H, Chen S, Zhao J, Le S, Cui J, Jiang L, Wu J, Xia J. Glibenclamide ameliorates transplant-induced arteriosclerosis and inhibits macrophage migration and MCP-1 expression. Life Sci 2019; 241:117141. [PMID: 31811853 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glibenclamide, a diabetes mellitus type 2 medication, has anti-inflammatory and autoimmune properties. This study investigated the effects of glibenclamide on transplant-induced arteriosclerosis as well as the underlying molecular events. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice were used for aorta transplantation. We used hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Elastic Van Gieson (EVG) staining for histological assessment, and qRT-PCR and ELISA to measure mRNA and protein levels. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and glibenclamide treatment followed by ELISA, Western blot, and Transwell assays. RESULTS Glibenclamide inhibited transplant-induced arteriosclerosis in vivo. Morphologically, glibenclamide reduced inflammatory cell accumulation and collagen deposition in the aortas. At the gene level, glibenclamide suppressed aortic cytokine mRNA levels, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 10.64 ± 3.19 vs. 23.77 ± 5.72; P < .05), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 4.59 ± 0.78 vs. 13.89 ± 5.42; P < .05), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; 202.66 ± 23.44 vs. 1172.73 ± 208.80; P < .01), while IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels were also reduced in the mouse sera two weeks after glibenclamide treatment (IL-1β, 39.40 ± 13.56 ng/ml vs. 78.96 ± 9.39 ng/ml; P < .01; TNF-α, 52.60 ± 13.00 ng/ml vs. 159.73 ± 6.76 ng/ml; P < .01; and MCP-1, 56.60 ± 9.07 ng/ml vs. 223.07 ± 36.28 ng/ml; P < .001). Furthermore, glibenclamide inhibited macrophage expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro through suppressing activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and MCP-1 production. CONCLUSION Glibenclamide protected against aorta transplantation-induced arteriosclerosis by reducing inflammatory factors in vivo and inhibited macrophage migration and MCP-1 production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430022, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jikai Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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10
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Kaya ST, Bozdogan O, Ozarslan TO, Taskin E, Eksioglu D, Erim F, Firat T, Yasar S. The protection of resveratrol and its combination with glibenclamide, but not berberine on the diabetic hearts against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: the role of myocardial K ATP channel. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:114-121. [PMID: 29457517 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1440409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular dysfunctions such as life-threatening arrhythmias are one of the main reasons of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of resveratrol, berberine and glibenclamide combinations on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced arrhythmias in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to investigate the role of myocardial KATP channel in the possible anti-arrhythmic actions of the treatments. METHODS Two days after induction of diabetes, diabetic rats were treated with resveratrol [5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], berberine (10 mg/kg, i.p) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, i.p) for 6 weeks. On the 43th day, experimental animals were subjected to 6-min ischemia and 6-min reperfusion in vivo. RESULTS The protein expression of Kir6.2 subunits was downregulated in the diabetic hearts. However, all drug treatments restored the protein expression of Kir6.2 subunits. Resveratrol alone and its combination with glibenclamide decreased the arrhythmia score, the arrhythmic period and the incidence of other types of arrhythmias during the reperfusion period. CONCLUSIONS The combination of resveratrol with glibenclamide may alleviate reperfusion-induced arrhythmias via an underlying mechanism not be only associated with the restoration of the protein expression of Kir6.2 subunits but also associated with the other subunits or ion channels underlying cardiac action potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih T Kaya
- a Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Düzce University , Düzce , Turkey
| | - Omer Bozdogan
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Talat O Ozarslan
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Eylem Taskin
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University , Niğde , Turkey
| | - Didem Eksioglu
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Firdevs Erim
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Tulin Firat
- d Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Selcuk Yasar
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Abant İzzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
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11
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Wang S, Wang Y, Guo X, Li Y, Yan L, Wei C, Zhao M. Endotoxin modulates the electrophysiological characteristics of human embryonic stem cell‐differentiated cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6585610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gram‐negative bacteria‐induced infections result in fever, arrhythmia, and even death. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of bacteria, leads to an inflammatory response under sepsis and increase arrhythmogenesis. This study analyzed the effects on human embryonic stem cell‐differentiated cardiomyocytes (HIPSC‐CMs) exposed to LPS. A whole cell patch clamp was used to record the action potential (AP) and ionic currents with or without different doses of LPS in HIPSC‐CMs. Compared with the control, a different dose (0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 µg/ml) of LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs resulted in a longer AP duration. The IC50 of sodium channel current was 1.254 µg/ml, L‐type calcium channel current was 5 µg/ml, and
Ik channel currents were 1.254 µg/ml. LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs showed a lower sodium channel current, L‐type calcium channel current, and
Ik channel currents. Furthermore, the expressions of Nav1.5 were decreased, and L‐Ca, Kv11.1, and Kv7.1 were increased in LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs. LPS‐induced arrhythmogenesis was related to the electrophysiological characteristics of sodium channel current, L‐type calcium channel current, and
Ik channel currents. These results suggest a potential mechanism of cardiomyocyte injury in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Wang
- First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yu Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xin Guo
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Yingji Li
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Li Yan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
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12
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Hernández-Abad VJ, Sánchez-González EG, Espinosa-Contreras C, Marroquín-Segura R, Mora-Guevara JLA, Flores-Cabrera Y. Controlled release of glibenclamide from monolithic silica subdermal implants produced by the sol-gel process and its use for hyperglycaemia treatment in a murine model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:1009-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. A review of the anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic agents providing protective effects against vascular complications in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8286-8294. [PMID: 30417367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are growing rapidly. Although the role of hyperglycemia is well recognized in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, its exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this regard, accumulating evidence suggests that the role of inflammation appears pivotal, with studies showing that most diabetic complications are associated with an inflammatory response. Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been introduced for controlling glycemia, with evidence that these pharmacological agents may have modulatory effects on inflammation beyond their glucose-lowering activity. Here we review the latest evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects of commonly used antidiabetic medications and discuss the relevance of these effects on preventing diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Glibenclamide protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rat: investigation on NLRP3, MMP-2, and stellate cell activation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1257-1274. [PMID: 30066023 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glibenclamide (GLB), most widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, inhibits K+ATP channel in pancreatic-β cells and releases insulin, while thioacetamide (TAA) is a well-known hepatotoxicant and most recommended for the induction of acute and chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of GLB against TAA-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. TAA (200 mg/kg, ip, twice weekly) and GLB (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day, po) were administered for 6 consecutive weeks. Different biochemical, DNA damage, histopathological, TEM, immunohistochemical, and western blotting parameters were evaluated. GLB treatment has no effects on the TAA-induced significant decrease in body and liver weights. TAA treatment significantly increased liver index and treatment with GLB has no effect the same. TAA treatment altered the liver morphology, whereas treatment with GLB normalized the alteration in morphology. Further, significant increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage was found in TAA-treated animals and GLB treatment significantly reduced these effects. TAA-induced plasma transaminases and serum ALP levels were significantly restored by GLB. Furthermore, histopathological findings showed the presence of lymphocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, bridging fibrosis, degeneration of portal triad, and necrosis in TAA-treated animals and GLB intervention significantly reduced the same. TEM images revealed that GLB significantly normalized the hepatic stellate cell morphology as well as restored the number of lipid droplets. GLB treatment significantly downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, and upregulated MMP-2 and catalase against TAA-induced liver damage. The outcomes of the present study confirmed that GLB ameliorated the liver damage induced by TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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15
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Sharma A, Tate M, Mathew G, Vince JE, Ritchie RH, de Haan JB. Oxidative Stress and NLRP3-Inflammasome Activity as Significant Drivers of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications: Therapeutic Implications. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515457 PMCID: PMC5826188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now increasingly appreciated that inflammation is not limited to the control of pathogens by the host, but rather that sterile inflammation which occurs in the absence of viral or bacterial pathogens, accompanies numerous disease states, none more so than the complications that arise as a result of hyperglycaemia. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D, T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiac and vascular complications. Glucose and blood pressure lowering therapies have not stopped the advance of these morbidities that often lead to fatal heart attacks and/or stroke. A unifying mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced cellular damage was initially proposed to link elevated blood glucose levels with oxidative stress and the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Pre-clinical evidence has, in most cases, supported this notion. However, therapeutic strategies to lessen oxidative stress in clinical trials has not proved efficacious, most likely due to indiscriminate targeting by antioxidants such as vitamins. Recent evidence now suggests that oxidative stress is a major driver of inflammation and vice versa, with the latest findings suggesting not only a key role for inflammatory pathways underpinning metabolic and haemodynamic dysfunction in diabetes, but furthermore that these perturbations are driven by activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This review will address these latest findings with an aim of highlighting the interconnectivity between oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation and inflammation as it pertains to cardiac and vascular injury sustained by diabetes. Current therapeutic strategies to lessen both oxidative stress and inflammation will be emphasized. This will be placed in the context of improving the burden of these diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geetha Mathew
- Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Han X, Tao Y, Deng Y, Yu J, Sun Y, Jiang G. Metformin accelerates wound healing in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8691-8698. [PMID: 28990070 PMCID: PMC5779947 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing impairment is increasingly recognized to be a consequence of hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin exhibits potential for the improvement of endothelial function and the wound healing process. However, the underlying mechanisms for the observed beneficial effects of metformin application remain to be completely understood. The present study assessed whether metformin, a widely used therapeutic drug for T2DM, may accelerate wound closure in T2DM db/db mice. Genetically hyperglycemic db/db mice were used as the T2DM model. Metformin (250 mg/kg/day; intragastric) was administered for two weeks prior to EPC collection and wound model creation in db/db mice. Wound healing was evaluated by alterations in the wound area and the number of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells. The function of the isolated bone marrow-derived EPCs (BM-EPCs) was assessed by a tube formation assay. The number of circulating EPCs, and the levels of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−) were detected by flow cytometry. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression was determined by western blot analysis. It was observed that treatment with metformin accelerated wound healing, improved angiogenesis and increased the circulating EPC number in db/db mice. In vitro, treatment with metformin reversed the impaired BM-EPC function reflected by tube formation, and significantly increased NO production while decreasing O2− levels in BM-EPCs from db/db mice. In addition, TSP-1 expression was markedly attenuated by treatment with metformin in cultured BM-EPCs. Metformin contributed to wound healing and improved angiogenesis in T2DM mice, which was, in part, associated with stimulation of NO, and inhibition of O2− and TSP-1 in EPCs from db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Yuannan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311202, P.R. China
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17
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A Protective Role of Glibenclamide in Inflammation-Associated Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3578702. [PMID: 28740332 PMCID: PMC5504948 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glibenclamide is the most widely used sulfonylurea drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have suggested that glibenclamide reduced adverse neuroinflammation and improved behavioral outcomes following central nervous system (CNS) injury. We reviewed glibenclamide's anti-inflammatory effects: abundant evidences have shown that glibenclamide exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in respiratory, digestive, urological, cardiological, and CNS diseases, as well as in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glibenclamide might block KATP channel, Sur1-Trpm4 channel, and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, decrease the production of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species), and suppress the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Glibenclamide's anti-inflammation warrants further investigation.
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18
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Ashton KJ, Reichelt ME, Mustafa SJ, Teng B, Ledent C, Delbridge LMD, Hofmann PA, Morrison RR, Headrick JP. Transcriptomic effects of adenosine 2A receptor deletion in healthy and endotoxemic murine myocardium. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:27-49. [PMID: 27696085 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influences of adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) activity on the cardiac transcriptome and genesis of endotoxemic myocarditis are unclear. We applied transcriptomic profiling (39 K Affymetrix arrays) to identify A2AR-sensitive molecules, revealed by receptor knockout (KO), in healthy and endotoxemic hearts. Baseline cardiac function was unaltered and only 37 A2AR-sensitive genes modified by A2AR KO (≥1.2-fold change, <5 % FDR); the five most induced are Mtr, Ppbp, Chac1, Ctsk and Cnpy2 and the five most repressed are Hp, Yipf4, Acta1, Cidec and Map3k2. Few canonical paths were impacted, with altered Gnb1, Prkar2b, Pde3b and Map3k2 (among others) implicating modified G protein/cAMP/PKA and cGMP/NOS signalling. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 mg/kg) challenge for 24 h modified >4100 transcripts in wild-type (WT) myocardium (≥1.5-fold change, FDR < 1 %); the most induced are Lcn2 (+590); Saa3 (+516); Serpina3n (+122); Cxcl9 (+101) and Cxcl1 (+89) and the most repressed are Car3 (-38); Adipoq (-17); Atgrl1/Aplnr (-14); H19 (-11) and Itga8 (-8). Canonical responses centred on inflammation, immunity, cell death and remodelling, with pronounced amplification of toll-like receptor (TLR) and underlying JAK-STAT, NFκB and MAPK pathways, and a 'cardio-depressant' profile encompassing suppressed ß-adrenergic, PKA and Ca2+ signalling, electromechanical and mitochondrial function (and major shifts in transcripts impacting function/injury including Lcn2, S100a8/S100a9, Icam1/Vcam and Nox2 induction, and Adipoq, Igf1 and Aplnr repression). Endotoxemic responses were selectively modified by A2AR KO, supporting inflammatory suppression via A2AR sensitive shifts in regulators of NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling (IκBζ, IκBα, STAT1, CDKN1a and RRAS2) without impacting the cardio-depressant gene profile. Data indicate A2ARs exert minor effects in un-stressed myocardium and selectively suppress NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling and cardiac injury without influencing cardiac depression in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bunyen Teng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Polly A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Ray Morrison
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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19
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Yu JW, Deng YP, Han X, Ren GF, Cai J, Jiang GJ. Metformin improves the angiogenic functions of endothelial progenitor cells via activating AMPK/eNOS pathway in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:88. [PMID: 27316923 PMCID: PMC4912824 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction has been suggested as a possible causal link between hyperglycemia and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The effect of metformin on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is still unclear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that metformin could accelerate wound healing by improving the impaired EPC functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg/d × 5 d, i.p.) was injected to induce type 1 diabetes in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with metformin (250 mg/kg/d, i.g.) for consecutive 14 days. Wound closure was evaluated by wound area and number of CD31 stained capillaries. Functions of bone marrow-endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) were assessed by tube formation and migration assays, and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined by western blot analysis. Results Metformin accelerated wound closure and stimulated angiogenesis in diabetic mice. The number of circulating EPCs was increased significantly in metformin treated diabetic mice. Abilities of tube formation and migration of BM-EPCs were impaired in diabetic mice, which were improved by metformin. Expression of both phosphorylated-AMPK and phosphorylated-eNOS was significantly increased, and nitric oxide (NO) production was enhanced by metformin in BM-EPCs of diabetic mice. In vitro, metformin improved impaired BM-EPC functions, and increased phosphorylated-eNOS expression and NO production in cultured BM-EPCs caused by high glucose, which was prevented by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Conclusions Our results suggest that metformin could improve BM-EPC functions in STZ-induced diabetic mice, which was possibly dependent on the AMPK/eNOS pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0408-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Fei Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Jun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311202, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Abstract
Current literature shows an association of diabetes and secondary complications with chronic inflammation. Evidence of these immunological changes include altered levels of cytokines and chemokines, changes in the numbers and activation states of various leukocyte populations, apoptosis, and fibrosis during diabetes. Therefore, treatment of diabetes and its complications may include pharmacological strategies to reduce inflammation. Apart from anti-inflammatory drugs, various hypoglycemic agents have also been found to reduce inflammation that could contribute to improved outcomes. Extensive studies have been carried out with thiazolidinediones (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and metformin (AMP-activated protein kinase activator) with each of these classes of compounds showing moderate-to-strong anti-inflammatory action. Sulfonylureas and alpha glucosidase inhibitors appeared to exert modest effects, while the injectable agents, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, may improve secondary complications due to their anti-inflammatory potential. Currently, there is a lack of clinical data on anti-inflammatory effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors. Nevertheless, for all these glucose-lowering agents, it is essential to distinguish between anti-inflammatory effects resulting from better glucose control and effects related to intrinsic anti-inflammatory actions of the pharmacological class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kothari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John A Galdo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suresh T Mathews
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Heydemann A. An Overview of Murine High Fat Diet as a Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2902351. [PMID: 27547764 PMCID: PMC4983380 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2902351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, which by all predictions will only increase. To help in combating the devastating array of phenotypes associated with T2DM a highly reproducible and human disease-similar mouse model is required for researchers. The current options are genetic manipulations to cause T2DM symptoms or diet induced obesity and T2DM symptoms. These methods to model human T2DM have their benefits and their detractions. As far as modeling the majority of T2DM cases, HFD establishes the proper etiological, pathological, and treatment options. A limitation of HFD is that it requires months of feeding to achieve the full spectrum of T2DM symptoms and no standard protocol has been established. This paper will attempt to rectify the last limitation and argue for a standard group of HFD protocols and standard analysis procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlke Heydemann
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- *Ahlke Heydemann:
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Garcia FADO, Rebouças JF, Balbino TQ, da Silva TG, de Carvalho-Júnior CHR, Cerqueira GS, Brito GADC, Viana GSDB. Pentoxifylline reduces the inflammatory process in diabetic rats: relationship with decreases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:33. [PMID: 25922592 PMCID: PMC4411660 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, are produced by adipose tissue in large quantities, in obese and especially in diabetic individuals. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions that may contribute to alleviate diabetes side effects, as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. This study aims to investigate PTX anti-inflammatory effects on the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic animals (male Wistar rats, 200–250 g) were daily treated with PTX (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, p.o.), glibenclamide (GLI, 5 mg/kg, p.o., as reference) or water, for 5 days. Afterwards, carrageenan-treated paws were dissected, their skin removed and the tissue used for preparation of homogenates and measurements of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by Elisa. Serum levels of nitrite were also determined and paw slices used for iNOS immunohistochemistry assays. We showed that diabetic rats presented an amplification of the inflammatory response, as related to non-diabetic rats, what was evident 48 h after the edema-induction. The PTX-treatment of diabetic rats reduced glycemia (as related to untreated-diabetic ones) and the paw edema. It also brought edema volumes to values similar to those of non-diabetic rats, at the same observation time. The increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in paws of untreated-diabetic rats were reduced in diabetic animals after PTX treatments. Besides, the increased levels of nitrite in the serum of diabetic rats were also decreased by PTX. Furthermore, a higher number of iNOS immunostained cells was demonstrated in paw tissues from untreated-diabetic rats, as related to those of PTX-treated diabetic animals. Our results show that PTX reduces inflammatory parameters, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS expression, indicating the potential benefit of the drug for the treatment of diabetes and related pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil ; Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barbosa de Freitas, 130/1100, Fortaleza, CEP: 60170-020 Brazil
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