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Taktaz F, Fontanella RA, Scisciola L, Pesapane A, Basilicata MG, Ghosh P, Franzese M, Tortorella G, Puocci A, Vietri MT, Capuano A, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:242. [PMID: 38987789 PMCID: PMC11238498 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a new drug targeting glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. This drug has demonstrated great potential in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. It can lead to weight loss, better glycemic control, and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors. GLP1 receptor agonists have been proven effective antidiabetic medications with possible cardiovascular benefits. Even though they have been proven to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, their effectiveness in treating heart failure is unknown. Unlike traditional GLP1 receptor agonists, tirzepatide is more selective for the GIP receptor, resulting in a more balanced activation of these receptors. This review article discusses the possible mechanisms tirzepatide may use to improve cardiovascular health. That includes the anti-inflammatory effect, the ability to reduce cell death and promote autophagy, and also its indirect effects through blood pressure, obesity, and glucose/lipid metabolism. Additionally, tirzepatide may benefit atherosclerosis and lower the risk of major adverse cardiac events. Currently, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in patients with heart failure. Overall, tirzepatide's dual agonism of GLP1 and GIP receptors appears to provide encouraging cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control, offering a potential new therapeutic option for treating cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taktaz
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Pathology, A.O.U. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Qiao Z, Bian X, Song C, Zhang R, Yuan S, Lin Z, Zhu C, Liu Q, Ma W, Dou K. High stress hyperglycemia ratio predicts adverse clinical outcome in patients with coronary three-vessel disease: a large-scale cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:190. [PMID: 38824608 PMCID: PMC11144339 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary three-vessel disease (CTVD) accounts for one-third of the overall incidence of coronary artery disease, with heightened mortality rates compared to single-vessel lesions, including common trunk lesions. Dysregulated glucose metabolism exacerbates atherosclerosis and increases cardiovascular risk. The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is proposed as an indicator of glucose metabolism status but its association with cardiovascular outcomes in CTVD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. METHODS 10,532 CTVD patients undergoing PCI were consecutively enrolled. SHR was calculated using the formula: admission blood glucose (mmol/L)/[1.59×HbA1c (%)-2.59]. Patients were divided into two groups (SHR Low and SHR High) according to the optimal cutoff value of SHR. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between SHR and long-term prognosis. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular (CV) events, composing of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS During the median follow-up time of 3 years, a total of 279 cases (2.6%) of CV events were recorded. Multivariable Cox analyses showed that high SHR was associated with a significantly higher risk of CV events [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.99, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.58-2.52, P < 0.001). This association remained consistent in patients with (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.08-2.10, P = 0.016) and without diabetes (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.42-2.72, P < 0.001). Additionally, adding SHR to the base model of traditional risk factors led to a significant improvement in the C-index, net reclassification and integrated discrimination. CONCLUSIONS SHR was a significant predictor for adverse CV outcomes in CTVD patients with or without diabetes, which suggested that it could aid in the risk stratification in this particular population regardless of glucose metabolism status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhangyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chenggang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Kefei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167A, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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Sardu C, Vittoria Marfella L, Giordano V, Lepre CC, D'Amico G, Volpicelli M, Contaldi C, Galiero R, Caturano A, Casolaro F, Sasso FC, Uran C, Cozzolino D, Nicoletti M, Signoriello G, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Left bundle branch pacing and cardiac remodeling in HF patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: epigenetic pathways and clinical outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402782. [PMID: 38835659 PMCID: PMC11148384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Left bundle branch (LBB) pacing could achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients who cannot be resynchronized via the placement of the left ventricle (LV) lead into the coronary sinus. LBB pacing could improve cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with LBB block who are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study hypothesis LBB pacing could increase the number of CRT responders and lead to the best clinical outcomes in HF patients with T2DM, inducing cardiac remodeling and improving left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) via microRNA (miR) modulation. Methods In a multicenter observational study, we enrolled 334 HF patients with LBB block and an indication to receive LBB pacing for CRT. In these patients, we evaluated the CRT responder rate, clinical outcomes, and miR expression at 1 year of follow-up. Results At 1 year of follow-up, we had 223 responders (66.8%), 132 hospitalizations for HF (39.5%), 24 cardiac deaths (7.2%), and 37 all-cause deaths (11.1%), with a higher rate of HF hospitalizations (77 (69.4%) vs 55 (24.7%), p < 0.05), and cardiac deaths (13 (11.7% vs 11 (4.9%), p < 0.05) in non-responders vs responders. At the end of follow-up, we found the lowest expression of miR-26, miR-29, miR-30, miR-92, and miR-145 in LBB-pacing non-responders vs responders (p < 0.05), and a direct correlation between miR-30 (0.340, [0.833-1.915]; p 0.001), the 6-minute-walking test (6MWT; 0.168, [0.008-0.060]; p 0.011), angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI; 0.157, [0.183-4.877]; p 0.035), sodium-glucose-transporter-2 inhibitors (0.245, [2.242-7.283]; p 0.001), and LVEF improvements. C reactive protein (CRP) inversely correlated with LVEF improvement (-0.220, [-(0.066-0.263)]; p 0.001). ARNI (1.373, CI 95% [1.007-1.872], p 0.045), miR-30 (2.713, CI 95% [1.543-4.769], p 0.001), and 6MWT (1.288, CI 95% [1.084-1.998], p 0.001) were predictors of LBB pacing responders at 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion LBB-pacing responders evidenced miR modulation, which was linked to significant improvement of the cardiac pump. Specifically, miR-30 was linked to cardiac pump improvement and predicted responders at 1 year of follow-up in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Vittoria Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Giordano
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, "Vallo Della Lucania" Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Caterina Claudia Lepre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mario Volpicelli
- Cardiovascular Department, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, Nola, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Casolaro
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Uran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, San Giuseppe e Melorio Hospital, Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- UniCAMILLUS International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Lin YH, Lin CH, Lin YC, Huang YY, Tai AS, Fu SC, Lin SH. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Reduce the Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Amputation Rate Compared With Incretin-Based Therapy in Patients With Diabetic Foot Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:424-430. [PMID: 38325629 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapies remain unclear in patients with type 2 diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetic foot complications (DFCs). This study examined the impact of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA use on the rates of MACEs and amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes and without cardiovascular disease. METHODS Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2004-2017) were analyzed, focusing on patients with type 2 diabetes without previous MACE and newly diagnosed DFCs. The primary outcome was the first MACE occurrence, and the secondary outcomes included MACE components, all-cause mortality, and lower extremity amputation (LEA) rates. RESULTS SGLT2i users showed a significant decrease in the MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.88) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.83) rates compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users. The amputation rates were also lower in SGLT2i users without LEA at the first DFC diagnosis (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.75) and did not increase in those with a history of peripheral artery disease or LEA. No significant differences were observed between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and GLP-1 RA users in terms of the primary or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes initially diagnosed with DFC, SGLT2i are effective in significantly reducing the hospitalization for heart failure and MACE rates. SGLT2i lower the amputation rates, especially in patients who have not previously had a LEA, than the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - An-Shun Tai
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Fu
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Her AY, Choi BG, Rha SW, Kim YH, Jeong MH. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas on the top of metformin in patients with diabetes and acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2024; 14:38-50. [PMID: 38434553 PMCID: PMC10904300 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-23-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent trials have shown that both the extent of glycated hemoglobin reduction and the duration of enhanced glycemic control are major factors that may affect cardiovascular outcome results. We aimed to investigate the impact of metformin (MET) combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors or sulfonylureas (SU) on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods This study was a prospective cohort trial. From November 2011 to December 2015, a total of 13,104 AMI patients were consecutively enrolled from the Korea AMI registry-National Institutes of Health. The patients were divided into the MET + DPP4 inhibitors group and the MET + SU group. The primary endpoint, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), was defined as the composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and any repeat revascularization up to 3-year follow-up. To adjust baseline potential confounders, an inverse probability weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed. Results Baseline well-matched two groups were generated (the MET + DPP4 inhibitors group, n=468 and the MET + SU group, n=468). During 3-year clinical follow-up, the cumulative incidence of MACE between the two groups was not significantly different after adjustment (16.8% for MET + DPP4 inhibitors group vs. 19.4% for MET + SU group, P=0.302). However, the MET + DPP4 inhibitors group was associated with reduced risk of MI [1.3% vs. 4.9%; hazard ratio (HR): 0.228, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.090-0.580, P=0.001] than the MET + SU group. Conclusions In patients with AMI and type 2 DM, the use of MET combined with DPP4 inhibitors was associated with reduced incidence of recurrent MI than MET combined with SU during 3-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Young Her
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Geol Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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Martins S, António N, Rodrigues R, Carvalheiro T, Tomaz C, Gonçalves L, Paiva A. Role of monocytes and dendritic cells in cardiac reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:558. [PMID: 37968611 PMCID: PMC10652525 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) are both key inflammatory cells, with recognized effects on cardiac repair. However, there are distinct subsets of monocytes with potential for beneficial or detrimental effects on heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. The connection between reverse cardiac remodelling, the potential anti-inflammatory effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and monocytes and DC homeostasis in HF is far from being understood. We hypothesized that monocytes and DC play an important role in cardiac reverse remodelling and CRT response. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential role of baseline peripheral levels of blood monocytes and DC subsets and their phenotypic and functional activity for CRT response, in HF patients. As a secondary objective, we aimed to evaluate the impact of CRT on peripheral blood monocytes and DC subsets, by comparing baseline and post CRT circulating levels and phenotypic and functional activity. METHODS Forty-one patients with advanced HF scheduled for CRT were included in this study. The quantification and phenotypic determination of classical (cMo), intermediate (iMo) and non-classical monocytes (ncMo), as well as of myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) were performed by flow cytometry in a FACSCanto™II (BD) flow cytometer. The functional characterization of total monocytes and mDC was performed by flow cytometry in a FACSCalibur flow cytometer, after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli plus interferon (IFN)-γ, in the presence of Brefeldina A. Comparisons between the control and the patient group, and between responders and non-responders to CRT were performed. RESULTS Compared to the control group, HF population presented a significantly lower frequency of pDC at baseline and a higher proportion of monocytes and mDC producing IL-6 and IL-1β, both before and 6-months after CRT (T6). There was a remarkable decrease of cMo and an increase of iMo after CRT, only in responders. The responder group also presented higher ncMo values at T6 compared to the non-responder group. Both responders and non-responders presented a decrease in the expression of CD86 in all monocyte and DC populations after CRT. Moreover, in non-responders, the increased frequency of IL-6-producing DC persisted after CRT. CONCLUSION Our study provides new knowledge about the possible contribution of pDC and monocytes subsets to cardiac reverse remodelling and response to CRT. Additionally, CRT is associated with a reduction on CD86 expression by monocytes and DC subsets and in their potential to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing, at least in part, for the well described anti-inflammatory effects of CRT in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Martins
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, ESALD-Dr. Lopes Dias Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, Quinta Do Alvito, 6200-251, Covilhã, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Natália António
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, Quinta Do Alvito, 6200-251, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Carvalheiro
- Centro Do Sangue E da Transplantação de Coimbra, Instituto Português Do Sangue E da Transplantação, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Tomaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Flow Cytometry Unit, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Unidade Funcional de Citometria de Fluxo, Centro Hospitalar E Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Huang YL, Xu XZ, Liu J, Wang PY, Wang XL, Feng HL, Liu CJ, Han X. Effects of new hypoglycemic drugs on cardiac remodeling: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:293. [PMID: 37296380 PMCID: PMC10251583 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing annually, and cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes mellitus have become the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Considering the high incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD), some new hypoglycemic agents with cardiovascular protective effects have attracted extensive attention. However, the specific role of these regimens in ventricular remodeling remains unknown. The purpose of this network meta-analysis was to compare the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) on ventricular remodeling in patients with T2DM and/or CVD. METHODS Articles published prior to 24 August 2022 were retrieved in four electronic databases: the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a small number of cohort studies. The differences in mean changes of left ventricular ultrasonic parameters between the treatment and control groups were compared. RESULTS A total of 31 RCTs and 4 cohort studies involving 4322 patients were analyzed. GLP-1RA was more significantly associated with improvement in left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) [MD = -0.38 mm, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.10)] and LV mass index (LVMI) [MD = -1.07 g/m2, 95% CI (-1.71, -0.42)], but significantly decreased e' [MD = -0.43 cm/s 95% CI (-0.81, -0.04)]. DPP-4i was more strongly associated with improvement in e' [MD = 3.82 cm/s, 95% CI (2.92,4.7)] and E/e'[MD = -5.97 95% CI (-10.35, -1.59)], but significantly inhibited LV ejection fraction (LVEF) [MD = -0.89% 95% CI (-1.76, -0.03)]. SGLT-2i significantly improved LVMI [MD = -0.28 g/m2, 95% CI (-0.43, -0.12)] and LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) [MD = -0.72 ml, 95% CI (-1.30, -0.14)] in the overall population, as well as E/e' and SBP in T2DM patients combined with CVD, without showing any negative effect on left ventricular function. CONCLUSION The results of the network meta-analysis provided high certainty to suggest that SGLT-2i may be more effective in cardiac remodeling compared to GLP-1RA and DPP-4i. While GLP-1RA and DPP-4i may have a tendency to improve cardiac systolic and diastolic function respectively. SGLT-2i is the most recommended drug for reversing ventricular remodeling in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhuo Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pin-Yao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Lin Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Jiang Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhongmen Road, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Sardu C, Santulli G, Savarese G, Trotta MC, Sacra C, Santamaria M, Volpicelli M, Ruocco A, Mauro C, Signoriello G, Marfella L, D’Amico M, Marfella R, Paolisso G. Endothelial Dysfunction Drives CRTd Outcome at 1-Year Follow-Up: A Novel Role as Biomarker for miR-130a-5p. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021510. [PMID: 36675028 PMCID: PMC9861580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) causes worse prognoses in heart failure (HF) patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRTd). ED triggers the downregulation of microRNA-130 (miR-130a-5p), which targets endothelin-1 (ET-1). Thus, we evaluated ED and the response to CRTd by assessing miR-130a-5p and ET-1 serum levels. We designed a prospective multi-center study with a 1-year follow-up to evaluate ED, ET-1, and miR-130a-5p in CRTd patients with ED (ED-CRTd) vs. patients without ED (NED-CRTd). Clinical outcomes were CRTd response, HF hospitalization, cardiac death, and all-cause death. At 1-year follow-up, NED-CRTd (n = 541) vs. ED-CRTd (n = 326) patients showed better clinical statuses, lower serum values of B type natriuretic peptide (BNP: 266.25 ± 10.8 vs. 297.43 ± 16.22 pg/mL; p < 0.05) and ET-1 (4.57 ± 0.17 vs. 5.41 ± 0.24 pmol/L; p < 0.05), and higher values of miR-130a-5p (0.51 ± 0.029 vs. 0.41 ± 0.034 A.U; p < 0.05). Compared with NED-CRTd patients, ED-CRTd patients were less likely to be CRTd responders (189 (58%) vs. 380 (70.2%); p < 0.05) and had higher rates of HF hospitalization (115 (35.3%) vs. 154 (28.5%); p < 0.05) and cardiac deaths (30 (9.2%) vs. 21 (3.9%); p < 0.05). Higher miR-130a-5p levels (HR 1.490, CI 95% [1.014−2.188]) significantly predicted CRTd response; the presence of hypertension (HR 0.818, CI 95% [0.669−0.999]), and displaying higher levels of ET-1 (HR 0.859, CI 98% [0.839−0.979]), lymphocytes (HR 0.820, CI 95% [0.758−0.987]), LVEF (HR 0.876, CI 95% [0.760−0.992]), and ED (HR 0.751, CI 95% [0.624−0.905]) predicted CRTd non-response. Higher serum miR-130a-5p levels (HR 0.332, CI 95% [0.347−0.804]) and use of ARNI (HR 0.319, CI 95% [0.310−0.572]) predicted lower risk of HF hospitalization, whereas hypertension (HR 1.818, CI 95% [1.720−2.907]), higher BNP levels (HR 1.210, CI 95% [1.000−1.401]), and presence of ED (HR 1.905, CI 95% [1.238−2.241]) predicted a higher risk of HF hospitalization. Hence, serum miR-130a-5p could identify different stages of ED and independently predict CRTd response, therefore representing a novel prognostic HF biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815665110; Fax: +39-0815095303
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sacra
- Cardiovascular and Arrhythmias Department “Gemelli Molise”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Matteo Santamaria
- Cardiovascular and Arrhythmias Department “Gemelli Molise”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Volpicelli
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Electrophysiology Unit, “S. Maria della Pietà Hospital”, 80035 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruocco
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Electrophysiology Unit, “Cardarelli Hospital”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Electrophysiology Unit, “Cardarelli Hospital”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
- “Mediterranea Cardiocentro”, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80126 Naples, Italy
- “Mediterranea Cardiocentro”, 80122 Naples, Italy
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9
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Keranov S, Widmann L, Jafari L, Liebetrau C, Keller T, Troidl C, Kriechbaum S, Voss S, Bauer P, Richter MJ, Tello K, Gall H, Ghofrani HA, Wiedenroth CB, Guth S, Seeger W, Hamm CW, Nef H, Dörr O. GDF-15 and soluble ST2 as biomarkers of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1193-1207. [PMID: 36790217 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study analyzed the utility of soluble ST2 (sST2) and GDF-15 as biomarkers of right ventricular (RV) function in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: GDF-15 and sST2 serum concentrations were measured in patients with PH (n = 628), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 31) and left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 47), and in healthy controls (n = 61). Results: Median sST2 and GDF-15 levels in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were higher than in patients with PH and dilated cardiomyopathy. In tertile analysis GDF-15 >1363 pg/ml and sST2 >38 ng/ml were associated with higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, RV systolic dysfunction, RV-pulmonary arterial uncoupling and hemodynamic impairment. Conclusion: GDF-15 and sST2 are potential biomarkers of RV dysfunction in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Keranov
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Laila Widmann
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Leili Jafari
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | | | - Till Keller
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Christian Troidl
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Steffen Kriechbaum
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Sandra Voss
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Manuel J Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Khodr Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Christoph B Wiedenroth
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Guth
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart & Lung Center, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology & Angiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
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10
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Katsiki N, Kazakos K, Triposkiadis F. Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1957-1974. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2143263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Kazakos
- Nursing Department, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Boulmpou A, Patoulias D, Papadopoulos CE, Teperikidis E, Doumas M, Vassilikos V. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials assessing the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major cardiac arrhythmias. Acta Cardiol 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35699112 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2087839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), a group of novel antidiabetic agents, demonstrated beneficial cardiovascular effects in recent large, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trials (RCTs); their clear antiarrhythmic benefit has not been yet underlined. The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to clarify the impact of GLP-1RAs on different types of cardiac arrhythmias. METHODS We searched PubMed from its inception up to 8 October 2020 for all available cardiovascular and renal outcome, placebo-controlled RCTs utilising GLP-1RAs versus placebo. The present meta-analysis is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS We included data from 7 RCTs with GLP-1RAs in a total of 55,943 participants. Treatment with GLP-1RAs did not provide significant benefit in the risk for atrial fibrillation (RR = 0.81, 95%CI; 0.78-1.15, I2 = 51%), atrial flutter (RR = 0.79, 95%CI; 0.53-1.16, I2 = 0%), ventricular fibrillation (RR = 0.99, 95%CI; 0.48-2.04, I2 = 0%), ventricular tachycardia (RR = 1.41, 95%CI; 0.87-2.28, I2 = 10%), atrial tachycardia (RR = 0.63, 95%CI; 0.10-3.90, I2 = 24%), sinus node dysfunction (RR = 0.70, 95%CI; 0.40-1.23, I2 = 0%), ventricular extrasystoles (RR = 1.37, 95%CI; 0.56-3.30, I2 = 0%), second-degree atrioventricular block (RR = 0.96, 95%CI; 0.52-1.74, I2 = 0%) or complete atrioventricular block (RR = 0.78, 95%CI; 0.39-1.54, I2 = 38%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment with GLP-1RAs does not significantly affect the risk for major cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi Boulmpou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christodoulos E Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Teperikidis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Angiotensin receptor/Neprilysin inhibitor effects in CRTd non-responders: From epigenetic to clinical beside. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106303. [PMID: 35697289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Angiotensin receptor/Neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and deaths in cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRTd) non-responders patients at 12 months of follow-up, modulating microRNAs (miRs) implied in adverse cardiac remodeling. BACKGROUND adverse cardiac remodeling characterized by left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction, left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESv) increase, and the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) reduction are relevant pathological mechanisms in CRTd non-responders and could be linked to changes in miRNAs (miRs), regulating cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy. METHODS miRs levels and clinical outcomes (LVEF, cardiac deaths, and 6MWT) were evaluated at baseline and one year of follow-up in CRTd non-responders divided into ARNI-users and Non-ARNI users. RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences in levels of inflammatory markers, miR-18, miR-145, and miR-181 (p > 0.05) between Non-ARNI users (n 106) and ARNI-users (n 312). At one year of follow-up, ARNI-users vs. Non-ARNI users showed lowest inflammatory markers (p < 0.01) and miR-181 levels (p < 0.01) and higher values of miR-18 (p < 0.01)and miR-145 (p < 0.01). At one year of follow-up, ARNI-users had a higher increase of LVEF (p < 0.01) and 6MWT (p < 0.01) along with a more significant reduction of LVESv (p < 0.01) compared to Non-ARNI users. Cox regression analysis evidenced that ARNI-based therapies increase the probability of anti-remodeling effects of CRTd. Based on symptomatic improvements, echocardiographic and functional classification improvements, 37 (34.9%) patients among ARNI-users became responders, while only twenty (6.4%) patients became responders among Non-ARNi-users. CONCLUSIONS ARNI might influence epigenetic mechanisms modulating miRs implicated in the adverse cardiac remodeling responses to CRTd.
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13
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Pahud de Mortanges A, Sinaci E, Salvador D, Bally L, Muka T, Wilhelm M, Bano A. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Coronary Arteries: From Mechanisms to Events. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:856111. [PMID: 35370744 PMCID: PMC8964343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.856111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) lower plasma glucose through effects on insulin and glucagon secretion and by decelerating gastric emptying. GLP-1 RAs have many beneficial effects beyond glycemic control, including a protective role on the cardiovascular system. However, underlying mechanisms linking GLP-1 RAs with coronary artery disease are complex and not fully elucidated. In this mini-review, we discuss these mechanisms and subsequent clinical events. Data Sources: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for evidence on GLP-1 RAs and coronary events. We did not apply restrictions on article type. We reviewed publications for clinical relevance. Synopsis of Content: In the first part, we review the current evidence concerning the role of GLP-1 RAs on potential mechanisms underlying the development of coronary events. Specifically, we discuss the role of GLP-1 RAs on atherosclerosis and vasospasms of epicardial coronary arteries, as well as structural/functional changes of coronary microvasculature. In the second part, we summarize the clinical evidence on the impact of GLP-1 RAs in the prevention of acute and chronic coronary syndromes and coronary revascularization. We conclude by discussing existing gaps in the literature and proposing directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eldem Sinaci
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dante Salvador
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arjola Bano
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Rottura M, Molonia A, Giorgi DA, Marino S, Scoglio R, Pallio G, Irrera N, Imbalzano E, Altavilla D, Squadrito G, Squadrito F, Arcoraci V. Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in the Real World of General Practice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858385. [PMID: 35401229 PMCID: PMC8989133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely increases the probability of developing coronary artery disease (CAD), and diabetic patients with CAD should be considered at very high cardiovascular risk. The complexity of this clinical scenario makes very hard the appropriateness of the pharmacological treatment in the real world. To investigate the implementation of guideline recommendations for the treatment of patients affected by CAD with or without T2DM, a retrospective observational study was carried out between 2018 and 2020, by using the computerized clinical medical record of 10 general practitioners (GPs) including 13,206 subjects. A total of 926 patients (7.0%) were affected by CAD and 393 (42.4%) of them were also diabetic. LDLc, SBP, DBP, and FPG were recorded in 77.4%, 65.4%, 66.5%, and 82.6% of patients, respectively. Comorbidities (median; IQR = 8; 6–10 vs. 5; 3–7: p < 0.001) were significantly high in diabetic patients. Specialist counselling has been observed in 59.9% of diabetic and 57% of non-diabetic patients (p = 0.400). Antithrombotic drugs, statins, β-blockers, or RAASs were prescribed in 67.2%, 59.6%, and 75.9% of patients, respectively. Overall, 462 (49.9%) patients used the treatment suggested by guidelines. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and specialist counselling were predictors of suggested drugs use both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetes was not an independent factor related to the likelihood to be properly treated, according to the guidelines. Glucose lowering drugs were prescribed in 69.5% of diabetic patients, but only 39 (14.3%) were treated with the proper GLP-1 or SGLT2-i, whereas 45 patients (16.5%) received the improper sulphonylureas. Our results showed that a “non-ideal” therapeutic approach was adopted in patients affected by diabetes and CAD. ADA and ESC guidelines recommend the use of at least one hypoglycemic agent belonging to the GLP-1 or SGLT2-i class in diabetic patients with high/very high cardiovascular risk, regardless of the glycemic target (HbA1c <7%). However, only a few diabetic patients on hypoglycemic therapy were appropriately treated. These data suggest that a closer collaboration between the GPs, clinical pharmacologist, and specialists is needed in the real world scenario of the general practice in order to effectively improve adherence to guidelines and overall management of global cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Rottura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Molonia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Squadrito,
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Ye H, He Y, Zheng C, Wang F, Yang M, Lin J, Xu R, Zhang D. Type 2 Diabetes Complicated With Heart Failure: Research on Therapeutic Mechanism and Potential Drug Development Based on Insulin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816588. [PMID: 35308248 PMCID: PMC8927800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) are diseases characterized by high morbidity and mortality. They often occur simultaneously and increase the risk of each other. T2DM complicated with HF, as one of the most dangerous disease combinations in modern medicine, is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, making the treatment more difficult. At present, the combination of blood glucose control and anti-heart failure is a common therapy for patients with T2DM complicated with HF, but their effect is not ideal, and many hypoglycemic drugs have the risk of heart failure. Abnormal insulin signaling pathway, as a common pathogenic mechanism in T2DM and HF, could lead to pathological features such as insulin resistance (IR), myocardial energy metabolism disorders, and vascular endothelial disorders. The therapy based on the insulin signaling pathway may become a specific therapeutic target for T2DM patients with HF. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms and potential drugs of insulin signaling pathway in the treatment of T2DM complicated with HF, with a view to opening up a new perspective for the treatment of T2DM patients with HF and the research and development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zhuo C, Lin C, Zhou C, Gao X, Shao H, Fang T, Tian H, Ding L, Liu M. Comparative Cardio-Renal Outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Administered Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:759262. [PMID: 35002700 PMCID: PMC8741261 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardio-renal profiles are available from cardiovascular outcome trials of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Methods: A comprehensive systematic review of Embase, Medline, Web of Knowledge, and CENTRAL databases was conducted. Randomized controlled cardiovascular outcome trials of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients administered GLP-1 RAs were included. The following primary outcomes were examined: cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality, heart failure, hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and thyroid carcinoma. Secondary outcomes included: composite kidney outcome, worsening kidney function, macroalbuminuria, and retinopathy. Results: Seven trials involving 56,004 patients and eight interventions were identified. Albiglutide was associated with fewer MACE and myocardial infarction events compared with lixisenatide. Lixisenatide was related to a greater number of stroke events and cardiovascular deaths compared to once-weekly semaglutide and oral semaglutide, respectively. Improved mortality was associated with oral semaglutide compared with once-weekly semaglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, or lixisenatide. Risks of heart failure, thyroid carcinoma, and pancreatitis were similar among all the treatments. Weighting of the nine primary outcomes identified oral semaglutide as first among the eight treatments examined. Among three of the secondary outcomes, once-weekly semaglutide ranked first. Better composite kidney outcome was observed with once-weekly semaglutide than with dulaglutide or exenatide; once-weekly semaglutide improved macroalbuminuria compared with exenatide or lixisenatide; and albiglutide, exenatide, and placebo was associated with fewer cases of retinopathy compared with once-weekly semaglutide. Meanwhile, kidney function was less likely to worsen with dulaglutide than with lixisenatide or placebo. Conclusion: Semaglutide should be considered when GLP-1 RAs are indicated for T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- National of Metabolism Management Center (MMC), Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory (PNGC_Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Big Data Analysis Center of Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Shao
- National of Metabolism Management Center (MMC), Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Fang
- National of Metabolism Management Center (MMC), Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- National of Metabolism Management Center (MMC), Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Pérez-Belmonte LM, Sanz-Cánovas J, García de Lucas MD, Ricci M, Avilés-Bueno B, Cobos-Palacios L, Pérez-Velasco MA, López-Sampalo A, Bernal-López MR, Jansen-Chaparro S, Miramontes-González JP, Gómez-Huelgas R. Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for the Management of Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Heart Failure in Real-World Clinical Practice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:851035. [PMID: 35813629 PMCID: PMC9263111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on patients with heart failure has not been fully described. Our main objective was to evaluate the safety and clinical and glycemic efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. METHODS In this observational, retrospective, real-world study, we enrolled outpatients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart failure who started semaglutide and were followed-up on at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS A total of 136 patients were included. From baseline to 12 months, there was a significant improvement on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (59.0 ± 24.1 vs 79.9 ± 28.4 points, p<0.01), a reduction in the proportion of patients with New York Heart Association functional class III (40.4% to 16.2%, p<0.01), and a reduction in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (969.5 ± 653.5 vs 577.4 ± 322.1 pg/mL, p<0.01). Emergency department visits due to heart failure, hospitalizations due to heart failure, and all-cause hospitalizations also declined. Additionally, significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.4%) and body weight (-12.7 kilograms) were observed as well as a de-intensification of antidiabetic therapy. Moreover, semaglutide was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSION In obese patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure, the use of once-weekly semaglutide was safe and clinically efficacious, improving health and functional status. Nevertheless, more strong evidence on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in heart failure is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Hospital Helicópteros Sanitarios, Marbella, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte, ; José P. Miramontes-González,
| | - Jaime Sanz-Cánovas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Michele Ricci
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Cobos-Palacios
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pérez-Velasco
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Almudena López-Sampalo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Jansen-Chaparro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - José P. Miramontes-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de investigaciones biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte, ; José P. Miramontes-González,
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ja'arah D, Al Zoubi MS, Abdelhady G, Rabi F, Tambuwala MM. Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Hypoglycemia. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2021; 14:11795514211051697. [PMID: 34690504 PMCID: PMC8527576 DOI: 10.1177/11795514211051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A relatively recent addition to the arsenal of antidiabetic drugs used for the
treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been the “incretin mimetics,” a
group of drugs that work on the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and
enhance insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent
manner, more potently in hyperglycemic conditions, while suppressing glucagon
secretion at the same time. Therefore, it was assumed that this class of drugs
would have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than insulin secretagogues like
sulphonylureas. However, GLP-1 receptor agonists have been proposed to cause
hypoglycemia in healthy normoglycemic subjects implying that their action is not
as glucose-dependent as once thought. Other studies concluded that they might
not induce hypoglycemia and the risk is dependent on other individual factors.
However, the FDA announced that the 12 GLP-1 receptor agonists currently
available on the market had potential safety signs and evaluated the need for
regulatory action. This review provides an overview of the studies that
investigated the possible hypoglycemic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. In
addition, the current review describes other adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor
agonist treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ja'arah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Gamal Abdelhady
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Firas Rabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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19
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Alkhezi OS, Alsuhaibani HA, Alhadyab AA, Alfaifi ME, Alomrani B, Aldossary A, Alfayez OM. Heart failure outcomes and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of observational studies. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:761-771. [PMID: 33926837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM/OBJECTIVE Recently, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) class showed a significant reduction in heart failure (HF) hospitalization in several meta-analyses of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the real-world evidence regarding HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs. METHODS We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for observational studies that investigated HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs. RESULTS Our search yielded 10 observational studies. Of those, 7 were cohort studies, and 3 were nested case-control studies. The risk of HF was the outcome in four cohort studies. One study that compared exenatide and exenatide combined with insulin to insulin showed a reduction in HF risk in the exenatide and exenatide plus insulin groups (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.22-0.52, p-value <0.001 and HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.32-0.50, p-value <0.001, respectively). The other three cohort studies did not show a statistically significant result. In the three cohort studies that investigated HF hospitalization as an outcome, two showed a lower rate of HF hospitalization [48 (16.7%) vs. 76 (28%), p-value <0.05 and HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.77, p = 0.002] in the GLP-1RA groups. Conversely, the remaining study showed a reduction of 14% in HF hospitalization in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) group compared to the GLP-1RA group (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83-0.90). In contrast to the cohort studies, the three nested case-control studies showed similar results of no association of GLP-1RA use and HF hospitalization with OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.32-1.42), HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83-1.10), and OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.48-1.47), respectively. CONCLUSION The real-world evidence regarding the reduction in HF risk and hospitalization in GLP-1RA users is conflicting. Further well-designed, large multicenter, observational studies are needed to show clearer evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Alkhezi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Aldossary
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Alfayez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Armentaro G, D'Arrigo G, Magurno M, Toscani AF, Condoleo V, Miceli S, Cassano V, Maio R, Arturi F, Tripepi G, Sesti G, Sciacqua A. Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters in Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data From a Real Life 2-year Follow-Up Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733475. [PMID: 34483943 PMCID: PMC8415264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a widespread health problem characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Sacubitril/Valsartan (sac/val) has improved clinical prognosis in patients affected by HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and durability of sac/val treatment on the clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters, in real-life consecutive HFrEF outpatients, evaluated up to 2-years of follow-up. We collected 300 repeated observations over time in 60 patients suffering of HFrEF and symptomatic despite optimal drug therapy. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35 and II-III NYHA functional class were considered. All patients underwent to clinical-instrumental and laboratory determinations and Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLHFQ) every 6 months until 24 months to evaluate possible clinical benefits and adverse events. During a 2-year follow-up period and through a 6-monthly control of the study variables both clinical, hemodynamic, biochemical and echocardiographic parameters significantly improved, in particular cardiac index (CI), both atrial and ventricular volumes and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Furthermore, there was a reduction of NT-proBNP levels and betterment of renal function and NYHA functional class, demonstrating the efficacy and durability of sac/val treatment. In a multiple linear mixed model the longitudinal evolutions of CI were associated to concomitant changes of GLS and E/e' ratio. Our study, contemplating the collection of 300 repeated observations in 60 patients, provides a complete and detailed demonstration of sac/val effects, showing effectiveness, safety and effect durability of the treatment every 6 months up to 2-years of follow-up with significant improvement of several clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in HFrEF outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Armentaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graziella D'Arrigo
- CNR-IFC, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marcello Magurno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo F Toscani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentino Condoleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sofia Miceli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Lee YK, Choi DO, Kim GY. Development of a Rapid Diagnostic Kit for Congestive Heart Failure Using Recombinant NT-proBNP Antigen. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57080751. [PMID: 34440957 PMCID: PMC8398600 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In patients with congestive heart failure, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are released due to excessive heart muscle expansion; they can be used for the early detection, progress monitoring, and treatment of congestive heart failure. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to develop an NT-proBNP-based biomarker for detecting heart failure. This study attempts to develop a rapid and accurate congestive heart failure diagnostic kit using NT-proBNP. Materials and Methods: A new gene based on NT-proBNP was selected, recombined, and expressed in Escherichia coli strains, and then monoclonal antibodies were produced using the hybridoma technique. Additionally, antigen-antibody reactivity was confirmed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the first pair and full-strip pair tests were conducted to select candidate clones; these were applied to a rapid diagnosis kit based on gold conjugates and compared with other currently available antigens. Results: NT-proBNP-based antigens with high specificity and monoclonal antibodies were produced, and the optimal antigen-antibody reactivity was confirmed using indirect ELISA. The first pair and full-strip pair tests were performed to select the optimal candidate clones, and a rapid diagnosis kit with excellent reactivity was developed by applying these to a rapid diagnosis kit based on gold conjugates. Conclusions: The development of this rapid diagnosis kit with excellent performance in congestive heart failure is expected to improve disease management by providing an early assessment of the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ki Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnan-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Korea;
| | - Dong-Ok Choi
- Bore Da BioTECH Co., LTD., 14, B-505, Sagimakgol-ro 45 beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Ga-Yeon Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnan-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1493; Fax: +82-41-550-1490
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22
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Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111780. [PMID: 34071638 PMCID: PMC8199337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are key bioactive compounds in lotus plumule tea, but their anti-diabetes activities remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prebiotic activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the Nelumbo nucifera lotus plumule, and to examine its regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The N. nucifera polysaccharide (NNP) was purified after discoloration, hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to obtain purified polysaccharide fractions (NNP-2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the main structural characteristics and functional group of NNP-2. Physicochemical characterization indicated that NNP-2 had a molecular weight of 110.47 kDa and consisted of xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 33.4:25.7:22.0:10.5:8.1. The prebiotic activity of NNP-2 was demonstrated in vitro using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, NNP-2 showed bioactivity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 97.32 µg/mL). High glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of NNP-2 on glucose consumption, and the molecular mechanism of the insulin transduction pathway was studied using RT-qPCR. NNP-2 could improve insulin resistance by modulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the Nelumbo nucifera polysaccharides are potential sources for nutraceuticals, and we propose functional food developments from the bioactive polysaccharides of N. nucifera for the management of diabetes.
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Shitara J, Naito R, Kasai T, Endo H, Wada H, Doi S, Konishi H, Tsuboi S, Ogita M, Dohi T, Okazaki S, Miyauchi K, Daida H. Differing effects of beta-blockers on long-term clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention between patients with mid-range and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33446110 PMCID: PMC7809870 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the difference in effects of beta-blockers on long-term clinical outcomes between ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with mid-range ejection fraction (mrEF) and those with reduced ejection fraction (rEF). Methods Data were assessed of 3508 consecutive IHD patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 1997 and 2011. Among them, 316 patients with mrEF (EF = 40–49%) and 201 patients with rEF (EF < 40%) were identified. They were assigned to groups according to users and non-users of beta-blockers and effects of beta-blockers were assessed between mrEF and rEF patients, separately. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and non-fatal acute coronary syndrome. Results The median follow-up period was 5.5 years in mrEF patients and 4.3 years in rEF patients. Cumulative event-free survival was significantly lower in the group with beta-blockers than in the group without beta-blockers in rEF (p = 0.003), whereas no difference was observed in mrEF (p = 0.137) between those with and without beta-blockers. In the multivariate analysis, use of beta-blockers was associated with reduction in clinical outcomes in patients with rEF (hazard ratio (HR), 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36–0.97; p = 0.036), whereas no association was observed among those with mrEF (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49–1.10; p = 0.137). Conclusions Our observational study showed that use of beta-blockers was not associated with long-term clinical outcomes in IHD patients with mrEF, whereas a significant association was observed in those with rEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shitara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Sleep and Sleep Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Endo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideki Wada
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Konishi
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Shuta Tsuboi
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinya Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Wang X, Jin S, Hu W. A Role of Glucose Overload in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Nonhuman Primates. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9676754. [PMID: 33860059 PMCID: PMC8026299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9676754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) plays a major role in the development of heart failure. Patients with T2D have an increased risk to develop HF than healthy subjects, and they always have very poor outcomes and survival rates. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still unclear. To help develop new therapeutic interventions, well-characterized animal models for preclinical and translational investigations in T2D and HF are urgently needed. Although studies in rodents are more often used, the research findings in rodents have often failed to be translated into humans due to the significant metabolic differences between rodents and humans. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as valuable translational models between basic studies in rodent models and clinical studies in humans. NHPs can recapitulate the natural progress of these diseases in humans and study the underlying mechanism due to their genetic similarity and comparable spontaneous T2D rates to humans. In this review, we discuss the importance of using NHPs models in understanding diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans with aspects of correlations between hyperglycemia and cardiac dysfunction progression, glucose overload, and altered glucose metabolism promoting cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction, glucose, and its effect on cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-d), the currently available diabetic NHPs models and the limitations involved in the use of NHP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
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25
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Ahmad R, Haque M. Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3001-3015. [PMID: 34234496 PMCID: PMC8257029 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s318972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to narrate the various oral complications in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. Google search for "diabetes mellitus and oral complications" was done. The search was also carried out for "diabetes mellitus" and its oral complications individually. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is a global epidemic and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. Currently, there are about 422 million cases of diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetic patients can develop different complications in the body such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease. Complications in the oral cavity have been observed in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. A study noted that more than 90% of diabetic patients suffered from oral complications. Another research has shown a greater prevalence of oral mucosal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus than non-diabetic population: 45-88% in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to 38.3-45% in non-diabetic subjects and 44.7% in type 1 diabetic individuals compared to 25% in the non-diabetic population. Oral complications in people with diabetes are periodontal disease, dental caries, oral infections, salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, delayed wound healing, tongue abnormalities, halitosis, and lichen planus. The high glucose level in saliva, poor neutrophil function, neuropathy, and small vessel damage contribute to oral complications in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. Good oral health is imperative for healthy living. Oral complications cause deterioration to the quality of life in diabetic patients. Complications like periodontal disease having a bidirectional relationship with diabetes mellitus even contribute to increased blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. This article intends to promote awareness regarding the oral health of diabetics and to stress the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene, taking preventive measures, early detection, and appropriate management of oral complications of these patients through a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Mainul Haque The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia Email
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26
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Sardu C, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Inflammatory Related Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2565-2573. [PMID: 32053065 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a pathogenic response to multiple factors, that causes over-activation of different molecules and pro-inflammatory cellular lines. Different behavioral factors and risk factors might enhance the inflammatory stress, and this might cause cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the world's leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is represented by hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies. In this context, inflammation is both a cause and an aggravating factor in CVD, as well as a mediator of its worst prognostic. The mechanisms that link inflammation to CVD are multiple, complex and multi-factorial. To date, the role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of CVD has been extensively analyzed in recent studies. However, in the last decades, new biomarkers are joining the already known inflammatory biomarkers, such as Creactive protein, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitrotyrosine. Among these new biomarkers, we have to report sirtuins, microRNAs, ST2 protein, apolipoprotein E protein, adiponectin, and others. These biomarkers are preferentially expressed locally in the target tissue of inflammation, but also released in peripheral blood and then used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Indeed, these biomarkers might also predict future adverse cardiovascular events and worse prognosis in patients with CVD. Furthermore, these new inflammatory biomarkers can also be analyzed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in patients with CVD. Furthermore, this might open up new fields and interesting research concerning the link between inflammation and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,Department of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Medical Sciences “Saint Camillus”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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27
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Sardu C, Paolisso P, Ducceschi V, Santamaria M, Sacra C, Massetti M, Ruocco A, Marfella R. Cardiac resynchronization therapy and its effects in patients with type 2 DIAbetes mellitus OPTimized in automatic vs. echo guided approach. Data from the DIA-OPTA investigators. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:202. [PMID: 33248462 PMCID: PMC7700711 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRTd) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) optimized via automatic vs. echocardiography-guided approach. Background The suboptimal atrio-ventricular (AV) and inter-ventricular (VV) delays optimization reduces CRTd response. Therefore, we hypothesized that automatic CRTd optimization might improve clinical outcomes in T2DM patients. Methods We designed a prospective, multicenter study to recruit, from October 2016 to June 2019, 191 consecutive failing heart patients with T2DM, and candidate to receive a CRTd. Study outcomes were CRTd responders rate, hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) worsening, cardiac deaths and all cause of deaths in T2DM patients treated with CRTd and randomly optimized via automatic (n 93) vs. echocardiography-guided (n 98) approach at 12 months of follow-up. Results We had a significant difference in the rate of CRTd responders (68 (73.1%) vs. 58 (59.2%), p 0.038), and hospitalizations for HF worsening (12 (16.1%) vs. 22 (22.4%), p 0.030) in automatic vs. echocardiography-guided group of patients. At multivariate Cox regression analysis, the automatic guided approach (3.636 [1.271–10.399], CI 95%, p 0.016) and baseline highest values of atrium pressure (automatic SonR values, 2.863 [1.537–6.231], CI 95%, p 0.006) predicted rate of CRTd responders. In automatic group, we had significant difference in SonR values comparing the rate of CRTd responders vs. non responders (1.24 ± 0.72 g vs. 0.58 ± 0.46 g (follow-up), p 0.001), the rate of hospitalizations for HF worsening events (0.48 ± 0.29 g vs. 1.18 ± 0.43 g, p 0.001), and the rate of cardiac deaths ( 1.13 ± 0.72 g vs. 0.65 ± 0.69 g, p 0.047). Conclusions Automatic optimization increased CRTd responders rate, and reduced hospitalizations for HF worsening. Intriguingly, automatic CRTd and highest baseline values of SonR could be predictive of CRTd responders. Notably, there was a significant difference in SonR values for CRTd responders vs. non responders, and about hospitalizations for HF worsening and cardiac deaths. Clinical trial ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04547244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentino Ducceschi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, "Vecchio Pellegrini" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Santamaria
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, "Gemelli Molise", Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sacra
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, "Gemelli Molise", Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, "Gemelli Molise", Campobasso, Italy.,Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Diseases, "Catholic University of Sacred Heart", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruocco
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80131, Naples, Italy
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28
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Kahr PC, Trenson S, Schindler M, Kuster J, Kaufmann P, Tonko J, Hofer D, Inderbitzin DT, Breitenstein A, Saguner AM, Flammer AJ, Ruschitzka F, Steffel J, Winnik S. Differential effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a long-term retrospective cohort study. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2773-2783. [PMID: 32652900 PMCID: PMC7524059 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become an important therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The effect of diabetes on long-term outcome in these patients is controversial. We assessed the effect of diabetes on long-term outcome in CRT patients and investigated the role of diabetes in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients undergoing CRT implantation at our institution between November 2000 and January 2015 were enrolled. The study endpoints were (i) a composite of ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation, heart transplantation, or all-cause mortality; and (ii) reverse remodelling (improvement of LVEF ≥ 10% or reduction of left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥ 15%). Median follow-up of the 418 patients (age 64.6 ± 11.6 years, 22.5% female, 25.1% diabetes) was 4.8 years [inter-quartile range: 2.8;7.4]. Diabetic patients had an increased risk to reach the composite endpoint [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.48 [95% CI 1.12-2.16], P = 0.041]. Other factors associated with an increased risk to reach the composite endpoint were a lower body mass index or baseline LVEF (aHR 0.95 [0.91; 0.98] and 0.97 [0.95; 0.99], P < 0.01 each), and a higher New York Heart Association functional class or creatinine level (aHR 2.14 [1.38; 3.30] and 1.04 [1.01; 1.05], P < 0.05 each). Early response to CRT, defined as LVEF improvement ≥ 10%, was associated with a lower risk to reach the composite endpoint (aHR 0.60 [0.40; 0.89], P = 0.011). Reverse remodelling did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with respect to LVEF improvement ≥ 10% (aHR 0.60 [0.32; 1.14], P = 0.118). However, diabetes was associated with decreased reverse remodelling with respect to a reduction of left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥ 15% (aHR 0.45 [0.21; 0.97], P = 0.043). In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, survival rates were not significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (HR 1.28 [0.83-1.97], P = 0.101), whereas in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, diabetic patients had a higher risk of reaching the composite endpoint (HR 1.65 [1.06-2.58], P = 0.027). The latter effect was dependent on other risk factors (aHR 1.47 [0.83-2.61], P = 0.451). The risk of insulin-dependent patients was not significantly higher than in patients under oral antidiabetic drugs (HR 1.55 [95% CI 0.92-2.61], P = 0.102). CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up revealed diabetes mellitus as independent risk factor for all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, or VAD in heart failure patients undergoing CRT. The detrimental effect of diabetes appeared to weigh heavier in patients with non-ischaemic compared with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Kahr
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sander Trenson
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.,Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Schindler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Joël Kuster
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Kaufmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, GZO Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Tonko
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hofer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Devdas T Inderbitzin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Breitenstein
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Flammer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Jan Steffel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Winnik
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistr. 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
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29
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Yang CT, Yang CY, Ou HT, Kuo S. Comparative cardiovascular safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus other glucose-lowering agents in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:83. [PMID: 32534570 PMCID: PMC7293792 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence about the cardiovascular safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1ra) possesses limited generalizability to real-world patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in usual practice. This study aimed to investigate the comparative cardiovascular safety of GLP-1ra in comparisons with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), sulfonylurea (SU), and insulin in a real-world population with T2D. Methods Adults with newly-diagnosed T2D were identified from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database in 2003–2014. A prevalent new-user cohort design was adopted to include a broad representation of real-world T2D patients being treated with GLP-1ra. The between-group comparability of baseline patient characteristics was achieved by matching on (1) initiation time of study drugs, (2) prior exposure to glucose-lowering agents, and (3) diabetes severity and complications, comorbidities, and concomitant cardiovascular medications using propensity scores. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and assessed up to the end of 2015. Cox modeling was employed to assess the association between study drugs and outcomes. Results A total of 3195 GLP-1ra stable users was identified in 2011-2014. 1893, 1829, and 1367 GLP-1ra stable users were 1:1 matched to DPP-4i, SU and insulin users, respectively. Compared to DPP-4i, SU and insulin, the use of GLP-1ra was associated with a lower risk of composite CVD events [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.73 (0.57–0.96), 0.76 (0.57–1.00), and 0.81 (0.62–1.07), respectively]. Subgroup analyses revealed that GLP-1ra versus DPP-4i yielded a greater cardiovascular benefit in those without established CVD versus those with established CVD. Conclusions This comparison study extends the supporting evidence for the cardiovascular safety of GLP-1ra to a broad spectrum of real-world T2D patients using GLP-1ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Tz Ou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Shihchen Kuo
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Hamal S, Cherukuri L, Shaikh K, Kinninger A, Doshi J, Birudaraju D, Budoff MJ. Effect of semaglutide on coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with type II diabetes: rationale and design of the semaglutide treatment on coronary progression trial. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 31:306-314. [PMID: 32271261 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are a major burden in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus. In a landmark study, semaglutide (an injectable glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist) has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events, however, the mechanism of benefit is still unknown. The primary hypothesis of our current study is to assess the effect of semaglutide to reduce progression of noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque volume as measured by serial coronary CTA as compared to placebo in persons with diabetes over 1 year. METHODS One hundred forty patients will be enrolled after signing informed consent and followed up for 12 months and with a phone call 30 days after medical discontinuation. All the participants will undergo coronary artery calcium scoring and coronary computed tomography angiography at our center at baseline and 12 months. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to semaglutide 2 mg/1.5 ml (1.34 mg/ml) prefilled pen for subcutaneous (SC) injection or placebo 1.5 ml, pen-injector for SC injection in a 1:1 fashion as add-on to their standard of care. RESULTS As of July 2019, the study was approximately 30% enrolled with an estimated enrollment completion by first quarter of 2020 and end of study by first quarter 2021. Thirty patients were enrolled as of 23 July 2019. Preliminary data of demographics and clinical characteristics were summarized. CONCLUSION Our current study will provide important imaging-derived data that may add relevance to the clinically derived outcomes from liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results and semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus 6 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hamal
- Department of Cardiology, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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31
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Świątkiewicz I, Magielski P, Kubica J, Zadourian A, DeMaria AN, Taub PR. Enhanced Inflammation is a Marker for Risk of Post-Infarct Ventricular Dysfunction and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E807. [PMID: 31991903 PMCID: PMC7037521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) activates inflammation that can contribute to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to examine whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is predictive of long-term post-infarct LVSD and HF. In 204 patients with a first STEMI, CRP was measured at hospital admission, 24 h (CRP24), discharge (CRPDC), and 1 month after discharge (CRP1M). LVSD at 6 months after discharge (LVSD6M) and hospitalization for HF in long-term multi-year follow-up were prospectively evaluated. LVSD6M occurred in 17.6% of patients. HF hospitalization within a median follow-up of 5.6 years occurred in 45.7% of patients with LVSD6M vs. 4.9% without LVSD6M (p < 0.0001). Compared to patients without LVSD6M, the patients with LVSD6M had higher CRP24 and CRPDC and persistent CRP1M ≥ 2 mg/L. CRP levels were also higher in patients in whom LVSD persisted at 6 months (51% of all patients who had LVSD at discharge upon index STEMI) vs. patients in whom LVSD resolved. In multivariable analysis, CRP24 ≥ 19.67 mg/L improved the prediction of LVSD6M with an increased odds ratio of 1.47 (p < 0.01). Patients with LVSD6M who developed HF had the highest CRP during index STEMI. Elevated CRP concentration during STEMI can serve as a synergistic marker for risk of long-term LVSD and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive MC 7410, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Przemysław Magielski
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adena Zadourian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive MC 7410, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anthony N. DeMaria
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive MC 7410, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive MC 7410, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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32
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Zhang DP, Xu L, Wang LF, Wang HJ, Jiang F. Effects of antidiabetic drugs on left ventricular function/dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 31969144 PMCID: PMC6977298 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-0987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a variety of antidiabetic drugs have significant protective action on the cardiovascular system, it is still unclear which antidiabetic drugs can improve ventricular remodeling and fundamentally delay the process of heart failure. The purpose of this network meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, metformin (MET), sulfonylurea (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in improving left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We searched articles published before October 18, 2019, regardless of language or data, in 4 electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. We included randomized controlled trials in this network meta-analysis, as well as a small number of cohort studies. The differences in the mean changes in left ventricular echocardiographic parameters between the treatment group and control group were evaluated. RESULTS The difference in the mean change in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) between GLP-1 agonists and placebo in treatment effect was greater than zero (MD = 2.04% [0.64%, 3.43%]); similar results were observed for the difference in the mean change in LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) between SGLT-2 inhibitors and placebo (MD = - 3.3 mm [5.31, - 5.29]), the difference in the mean change in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) between GLP-1 agonists and placebo (MD = - 4.39 ml [- 8.09, - 0.7]); the difference in the mean change in E/e' between GLP-1 agonists and placebo (MD = - 1.05[- 1.78, - 0.32]); and the difference in the mean change in E/e' between SGLT-2 inhibitors and placebo (MD = - 1.91[- 3.39, - 0.43]). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 agonists are more significantly associated with improved LVEF, LVESV and E/e', SGLT-2 inhibitors are more significantly associated with improved LVEDD and E/e', and DPP-4 inhibitors are more strongly associated with a negative impact on LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) than are placebos. SGLT-2 inhibitors are superior to other drugs in pairwise comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Le-Feng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
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Cardiovascular, renal and liver protection with novel antidiabetic agents beyond blood glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes: consensus article from the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Obesity, Diabetes and the High-risk Patient. J Hypertens 2019; 38:377-386. [PMID: 31764586 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased over the past few decades. T2D has a strong genetic propensity that becomes overt when a patient is exposed to a typical Western lifestyle, gain weight and becomes obese, whereas weight loss protects from the development of T2D. Except of lifestyle modifications, the choice of the appropriate treatment is essential in the management of patients with T2D and appears critical for the obese population with T2D. The new pharmacological approach for the treatment of T2D, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, seems to be effective not only in the management of T2D but also for weight loss, reduction of blood pressure and improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues reduced cardiovascular risk, prevented cardiovascular disease and mortality, thereby playing an important role in the treatment of obese patients with hypertension and T2D.
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Gual M, Formiga F, Ariza-Solé A, López-Palop R, Sanchís J, Marín F, Vidán MT, Martínez-Sellés M, Sionis A, Sánchez-Salado JC, Lorente V, Díez-Villanueva P, Vives-Borrás M, Cordero A, Bueno H, Alegre O, Abu-Assi E, Cequier À. Diabetes mellitus, frailty and prognosis in very elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1635-1643. [PMID: 30671867 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of the association between diabetes (DM) and outcomes in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is controversial. No study assessed the prognostic impact of DM according to frailty status in these patients. METHODS The LONGEVO-SCA registry included unselected ACS patients aged ≥ 80 years. Frailty was assessed by the FRAIL scale. We evaluated the impact of previous known DM on the incidence of death or readmission at 6 months according to status frailty by the Cox regression method. RESULTS A total of 532 patients were included. Mean age was 84.3 years, and 212 patients (39.8%) had previous DM diagnosis. Patients with DM had more comorbidities and higher prevalence of frailty (33% vs 21.9%, p = 0.002). The incidence of death or readmission at 6 months was higher in patients with DM (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.05, p 0.007), but after adjusting for potential confounders this association was not significant. The association between DM and outcomes was not significant in robust patients, but it was especially significant in patients with frailty [HR 1.72 (1.05-2.81), p = 0.030, p value for interaction = 0.049]. CONCLUSIONS About 40% of elderly patients with ACS had previous known DM diagnosis. The association between DM and outcomes was different according to frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Gual
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Juan Sanchís
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, CIBER-CV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marín
- Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBER-CV, Murcia, Spain
| | - María T Vidán
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Universidad Complutense, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Sionis
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Sánchez-Salado
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Lorente
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Vives-Borrás
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Bueno
- Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Alegre
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Àngel Cequier
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Morka A, Śledź J, Deutsch K, Ludwik B, Zagrodzka M, Szydłowski L, Stec S. Feasibility and performance of catheter ablation with zero-fluoroscopy approach for regular supraventricular tachycardia in patients with structural and/or congenital heart disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17333. [PMID: 31593082 PMCID: PMC6799864 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with structural heart disease (SHD) are more difficult to ablate than those with a structurally healthy heart. The reason may be technical problems. We compared periprocedural data in unselected patients (including SHD group) recruited for zero-fluoroscopy catheter ablation (ZF-CA) of supraventricular arrhythmias (SVTs).Consecutive adult patients with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), accessory pathways (AP), atrial flutter (AFL), and atrial tachycardia (AT) were recruited. A 3-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system (Ensite Velocity, NavX, St Jude Medical, Lake Bluff, Illinois) was used to create electroanatomical maps and navigate catheters. Fluoroscopy was used on the decision of the first operator after 5 minutes of unresolved problems.Of the 1280 patients ablated with the intention to be treated with ZF approach, 174 (13.6%) patients with SHD (age: 58.2 ± 13.6; AVNRT: 23.9%; AP: 8.5%; AFL: 61.4%; and AT: 6.2%) were recruited. These patients were compared with the 1106 patients with nonstructural heart disease (NSHD) (age: 51.4 ± 16.4; AVNRT: 58.0%; AP: 17.6%; AFL: 20.7%; and AT: 3.7% P ≤ .001). Procedural time (49.9 ± 24.6 vs 49.1 ± 23.9 minutes, P = .55) and number of applications were similar between groups (P = 0.08). The rate of conversion from ZF-CA to fluoroscopy was slightly higher in SHD as compared to NSHD (13.2% vs 7.8%, P = .02) while the total time of fluoroscopy and radiation doses were comparable in the group of SHD and NSHD (P = .55; P = .48).ZF-CA is feasible and safe in majority of patients with SHD and should be incorporated into a standard approach for SHD; however, the procedure requires sufficient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Morka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiosurgery and Cardiosurgical Intensive Care University Children's Hospital in Kraków, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kraków
| | | | | | - Bartosz Ludwik
- Research and Development Centre in Wroclaw, Department of Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Lesław Szydłowski
- Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Department of Pediatric Cardiology
| | - Sebastian Stec
- El-Medica, EP-Network, Kielce
- MediNice Research and Development Centre, Rzeszów, Poland
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Holland JA, Martin WP, Docherty NG, le Roux CW. Impact of intentional weight loss on diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2338-2341. [PMID: 31207010 PMCID: PMC7612029 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity constitute interwoven pandemics challenging healthcare systems in developed countries, where diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Obesity accelerates renal functional decline in people with T2DM. Intentional weight loss (IWL) strategies in this population hold promise as a means of arresting DKD progression. In the present paper, we summarize the impact of IWL strategies (stratified by lifestyle intervention, medications, and metabolic surgery) on renal outcomes in obese people with DKD. We reviewed the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for relevant randomized control trials and observational studies published between August 1, 2018 and April 15, 2019. We found that IWL improves renal outcomes in the setting of DKD and obesity. Rate of progression of DKD slows with IWL, but varying outcome measures among studies makes direct comparison difficult. Furthermore, established means of estimating renal function are imperfect owing to loss of lean muscle mass with IWL strategies. The choice of optimal IWL strategy needs to be individualized; future work should establish the comparative efficacy of IWL strategies in obese people with DKD to better inform such decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Holland
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William P. Martin
- UCD School of Medicine, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- UCD School of Medicine, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- UCD School of Medicine, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Investigative Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Regoli F, Graf D, Schaer B, Duru F, Ammann P, Stefano LMDS, Naegli B, Burri H, Zbinden R, Krasniqi N, Fromer M. Arrhythmic episodes in patients implanted with a cardioverter-defibrillator - results from the Prospective Study on Predictive Quality with Preferencing PainFree ATP therapies (4P). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:146. [PMID: 31208342 PMCID: PMC6580638 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the ICD performance using enhanced detection algorithms in unselected, non-trial patients. Performance of recent generation ICD equipped with SmartShock™ technology (SST) for detection and conversion of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) was investigated. Methods 4P was a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 10 Swiss implanting centers. Patients with a Class I indication according to international guidelines were included and received an ICD with SST. ICD discrimination capability was assessed by evaluating SST performance; therapy efficacy was assessed by rate of VTA conversions by ATP and by rescue shocks. Results Overall, 196 patients were included in the analysis with a mean duration of follow-up of 27.7 months (452 patient-years of observation). Patient-specific rather than recommended programming was preferred. Device-detected episodes were frequent (5147 episodes in 146 patients, 74.5%). In 44 patients (22.4%), 1274 episodes were categorized as VTA; only 215 episodes were symptomatic. ATP was the first-line therapy and highly effective (99.9% success rate at the episode level, 100.0% at the patient level). Rescue shocks were rare (66 episodes in 28 patients); 7 shocks in 5 patients (2.6%) were inappropriate. Death and hospitalization rates were low. Conclusions In a cohort of non-trial, unselected ICD patients, VTA episodes were frequent. The 4P results confirm the robustness of VTA detection by SST and the effectiveness of ATP treatment, hence limiting overall ICD shock burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Regoli
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Denis Graf
- Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg (HFR), Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schaer
- University Hospital of Basel (KSB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Firat Duru
- University Hospital of Zurich (USZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ammann
- Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen (KSSG), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Haran Burri
- University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Fromer
- University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Comparison of Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Mapping for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Optimisation. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4351693. [PMID: 30918721 PMCID: PMC6409049 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4351693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Study hypothesis We sought to investigate the association between echocardiographic optimisation and ventricular activation time in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) patients, obtained through the use of electrocardiographic mapping (ECM). We hypothesised that echocardiographic optimisation of the pacing delay between the atrial and ventricular leads-atrioventricular delay (AVD)-and the delay between ventricular leads-interventricular pacing interval (VVD)-would correlate with reductions in ventricular activation time. Background Optimisation of AVD and VVD may improve CRT patient outcome. Optimal delays are currently set based on echocardiographic indices; however, acute studies have found that reductions in bulk ventricular activation time correlate with improvements in acute haemodynamic performance. Materials and methods Twenty-one patients with established CRT criteria were recruited. After implantation, patients underwent echo-guided optimisation of the AVD and VVD. During this procedure, the participants also underwent noninvasive ECM. ECM maps were constructed for each AVD and VVD. ECM maps were analysed offline. Total ventricular activation time (TVaT) and a ventricular activation time index (VaT10-90) were calculated to identify the optimal AVD and VVD timings that gave the minimal TVaT and VaT10-90 values. We correlated cardiac output with these electrical timings. Results Echocardiographic programming optimisation was not associated with the greatest reductions in biventricular activation time (VaT10-90 and TVaT). Instead, bulk activation times were reduced by a further 20% when optimised with ECM. A significant inverse correlation was identified between reductions in bulk ventricular activation time and improvements in LVOT VTI (p < 0.001), suggesting that improved ventricular haemodynamics are a sequelae of more rapid ventricular activation. Conclusions EAM-guided programming optimisation may achieve superior fusion of activation wave fronts leading to improvements in CRT response.
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Lin H, Wang S, Cai X, Gao D. Early characteristics of fulminant myocarditis vs non-fulminant myocarditis: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14697. [PMID: 30813218 PMCID: PMC6408109 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a sub-category myocarditis. Its primary characteristic is a rapidly progressive clinical course that necessitates hemodynamic support. FM can be difficult to predict at the onset of myocarditis. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the early characteristics in FM compared to those of non-fulminant myocarditis (NFM). METHODS We searched the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, for studies comparing FM with acute NFM from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2018. The baseline variables were compared in each study. Mean differences (MD) and relative ratios (RR) were calculated. RESULTS Seven studies (158 FM patients and 388 NFM patients) were included in the analysis. The FM group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), higher creatine kinase (CK), wider QRS duration, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), thicker left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd), higher incidence of ST depression, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (Vt/Vf) and syncope, less incidence of chest pain than the NFM groups. There was no difference in terms of heart rate (HR), c-reactive protein (CRP), fever, dyspnea, white blood cells (WBC), atrioventricular block (AVB), Q waves, ST elevation, interventricular septum diameter (IVSd), or end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (LVEDd) between FM and NFM. CONCLUSION We found that the lower SBP, higher CK, wider QRS duration, lower LVEF, thicker LVPWd, higher incidence of ST depression, Vt/Vf and syncope as well as lower incidence of chest pain were early characteristics of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianlei Cai
- Department of General surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Chen D, Li Z, Bao P, Chen M, Zhang M, Yan F, Xu Y, Ji C, Hu X, Sanchis D, Zhang Y, Ye J. Nrf2 deficiency aggravates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury by increasing hypertrophy and enhancing IL-6/STAT3-dependent inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1253-1264. [PMID: 30668979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor playing cytoprotective effects in various pathological processes including oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy. Despite being a potential therapeutic target to treat several cardiomyopathies, the signaling underlying Nrf2-dependent cardioprotective action remains largely uncharacterized. AIM This study aimed to explore the signaling mediating the role of Nrf2 in the development of hypertensive cardiac pathogenesis by analyzing the response to Angiotensin II (Ang II) in the presence or absence of Nrf2 expression, both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Our results indicated that Nrf2 deficiency exacerbated cardiac damage triggered by Ang II infusion. Mechanistically, our study shows that Ang II-triggered hypertrophy and inflammation is exacerbated in the absence of Nrf2 expression and points to the involvement of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in this event. Indeed, our results show that IL-6 abundance triggered by Ang II is increased in the absence of Nrf2 and demonstrate the requirement of IL-6 in STAT3 activation and cardiac inflammation induced by Ang II. CONCLUSION Our results show that Nrf2 is important for the protection of the heart against Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation by mechanisms involving the regulation of IL-6/STAT3-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peiqing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fangrong Yan
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yitao Xu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W120NN, United Kingdom
| | - Caoyu Ji
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Daniel Sanchis
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Universitat de Lleida, Edifici Biomedicina-I. Av. Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Junmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Targeting the glucagon receptor improves cardiac function and enhances insulin sensitivity following a myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:1. [PMID: 30626440 PMCID: PMC6325856 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In heart failure the myocardium becomes insulin resistant which negatively influences cardiac energy metabolism and function, while increasing cardiac insulin signalling improves cardiac function and prevents adverse remodelling in the failing heart. Glucagon’s action on cardiac glucose and lipid homeostasis counteract that of insulin’s action. We hypothesised that pharmacological antagonism of myocardial glucagon action, using a human monoclonal antibody (mAb A) against glucagon receptor (GCGR), a G-protein coupled receptor, will enhance insulin sensitivity and improve cardiac energy metabolism and function post myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce MI, following which they received either saline or mAb A (4 mg kg−1 week−1 starting at 1 week post-MI) for 3 weeks. Results Echocardiographic assessment at 4 weeks post-MI showed that mAb A treatment improved % ejection fraction (40.0 ± 2.3% vs 30.7 ± 1.7% in vehicle-treated MI heart, p < 0.05) and limited adverse remodelling (LV mass: 129 ± 7 vs 176 ± 14 mg in vehicle-treated MI hearts, p < 0.05) post MI. In isolated working hearts an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was evident in the mAb A-treated MI hearts (1661 ± 192 vs 924 ± 165 nmol g dry wt−1 min−1 in vehicle-treated MI hearts, p < 0.05), concomitant with a decrease in ketone oxidation and fatty acid oxidation rates. The increase in insulin stimulated glucose oxidation was accompanied by activation of the IRS-1/Akt/AS160/GSK-3β pathway, an increase in GLUT4 expression and a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation. This enhancement in insulin sensitivity occurred in parallel with a reduction in cardiac branched chain amino acids content (374 ± 27 vs 183 ± 41 µmol g protein−1 in vehicle-treated MI hearts, p < 0.05) and inhibition of the mTOR/P70S6K hypertrophic signalling pathway. The MI-induced increase in the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1) and p38 MAPK was also reduced by mAb A treatment. Conclusions mAb A-mediated cardioprotection post-myocardial infarction is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and a selective enhancement of glucose oxidation via, at least in part, enhancing branched chain amino acids catabolism. Antagonizing glucagon action represents a novel and effective pharmacological intervention to alleviate cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodelling post-myocardial infarction.
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Babenko AY, Savitskaya DA, Kononova YA, Trofimova AY, Simanenkova AV, Vasilyeva EY, Shlyakhto EV. Predictors of Effectiveness of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:1365162. [PMID: 30944827 PMCID: PMC6421820 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1365162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE It is well known that diabetes mellitus (DM) exacerbates the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. Currently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (aGLP-1) have one of the most prominent cardioprotective effects among the antidiabetic agents. However, the treatment with aGLP-1 is effective only in 50-70% of the cases. Taking into account the high cost of these medications, discovery of the predictors of optimal response to treatment is required. PURPOSE To identify the predictors of the greater impact of aGLP-1 on HbA1c levels, weight reduction, and improvement in lipid profile. METHODS The study group consisted of 40 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and obesity who were treated with aGLP-1. The follow-up period was 24 weeks. Patients' evaluation was conducted at baseline and after 24 weeks. In addition, it included the assessment of the hormones involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and appetite regulation. RESULTS Patients who have initially higher BMI (body mass index), glycemia, and triglycerides (TG) had better improvement in these parameters undergoing aGLP-1 treatment. In patients with a BMI loss ≥ 5%, GLP-1 and fasting ghrelin levels were higher and ghrelin level in postnutritional status was lower. The HbA1c levels decreased more intensively in participants with higher GLP-1 levels. TG responders had lower baseline fasting glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and postprandial ghrelin levels. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the glycemic control, lipid profile, and GLP-1, GIP, and ghrelin levels are useable for estimating the expected efficacy of aGLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Yu. Babenko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Daria A. Savitskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Kononova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | | | - Anna V. Simanenkova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Elena Yu. Vasilyeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
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Sardu C, De Lucia C, Wallner M, Santulli G. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Cardiovascular Complications: New Insights into an Old Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:1905194. [PMID: 31236416 PMCID: PMC6545772 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1905194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio De Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The “Norman Fleischer” Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, The “Wilf Family” Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Albarado-Ibañez A, Arroyo-Carmona RE, Sánchez-Hernández R, Ramos-Ortiz G, Frank A, García-Gudiño D, Torres-Jácome J. The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System on Cardiac Rhythm during the Evolution of Diabetes Mellitus Using Heart Rate Variability as a Biomarker. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5157024. [PMID: 31211146 PMCID: PMC6532312 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5157024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is highly influenced by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Several illnesses have been associated with changes in the ANS, thus altering the pattern of HRV. However, the variability of the heart rhythm is originated within the Sinus Atrial Node (SAN) which has its own variability. Still, although both oscillators produce HRV, the influence of the SAN on HRV has not yet been exhaustively studied. On the other hand, the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), for instance, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, these complications are diagnosed only when the patient is already suffering from the negative symptoms these complications implicate. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to develop new techniques for early diagnosis prior to any deterioration on healthy patients. HRV has been proved to be a valuable, noninvasive clinical evidence for evaluating diseases and even for describing aging and behavior. In this study, several ECGs were recorded and their RR and PP intervals were analyzed to detect the interpotential interval (ii) of the SAN. Additionally, HRV reduction was quantified to identify alterations in the nervous system within the nodal tissue via measuring the SD1/SD2 ratio in a Poincaré plot. With 15 years of DM development, the data showed an age-dependent increase in HRV due to the axon retraction of ANS neurons from its effectors. In addition, these alterations modify the heart rhythm-producing fatal arrhythmias. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the consequences of DM identifying alterations in SAN previous to its symptomatic appearance. This could be used as an early diagnosis indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Albarado-Ibañez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de las Ciencias de la Complejidad, Circuito Mario de la Cueva 20, Insurgentes Sur, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Cd. de México, Mexico
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, 14 Sur 6301, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Arroyo-Carmona
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 18 sur y avenida San Claudio colonia Jardines de San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Rommel Sánchez-Hernández
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, 14 Sur 6301, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Geovanni Ramos-Ortiz
- Universidad de Puebla, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Colonia Guadalupe Hidalgo, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Frank
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de las Ciencias de la Complejidad, Circuito Mario de la Cueva 20, Insurgentes Sur, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Cd. de México, Mexico
| | - David García-Gudiño
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de las Ciencias de la Complejidad, Circuito Mario de la Cueva 20, Insurgentes Sur, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Cd. de México, Mexico
| | - Julián Torres-Jácome
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Fisiología, 14 Sur 6301, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
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