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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Kieliszek M. Reprocessing of side-streams towards obtaining valuable bacterial metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2169-2208. [PMID: 36929188 PMCID: PMC10033485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Every year, all over the world, the industry generates huge amounts of residues. Side-streams are most often used as feed, landfilled, incinerated, or discharged into sewage. These disposal methods are far from perfect. Taking into account the composition of the side-streams, it seems that they should be used as raw materials for further processing, in accordance with the zero-waste policy and sustainable development. The article describes the latest achievements in biotechnology in the context of bacterial reprocessing of residues with the simultaneous acquisition of their metabolites. The article focuses on four metabolites - bacterial cellulose, propionic acid, vitamin B12 and PHAs. Taking into account global trends (e.g. food, packaging, medicine), it seems that in the near future there will be a sharp increase in demand for this type of compounds. In order for their production to be profitable and commercialised, cheap methods of its obtaining must be developed. The article, in addition to obtaining these bacterial metabolites from side-streams, also discusses e.g. factors affecting their production, metabolic pathways and potential and current applications. The presented chapters provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on above metabolites, which can be helpful for the academic and scientific communities and the several industries. KEY POINTS: • The industry generates millions of tons of organic side-streams each year. • Generated residues burden the natural environment. • A good and cost-effective method of side-streams management seems to be biotechnology - reprocessing with the use of bacteria. • Biotechnological disposal of side-streams gives the opportunity to obtain valuable compounds in cheaper ways: BC, PA, vitmain B12, PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Dudko D, Milker S, Holtmann D, Buchhaupt M. Identification of vitamin B 12 producing bacteria based on the presence of bluB/cobT2 homologues. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:563-572. [PMID: 36913101 PMCID: PMC10038948 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to develop a strategy for the identification of new vitamin B12-producing species and to characterize their production capability using a fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method developed in this study. RESULTS Searching for homologues of the bluB/cobT2 fusion gene known to be responsible for the production of the active vitamin B12 form in P. freudenreichii was shown to be a successful strategy for the identification of new vitamin B12-producing strains. The analysis of the identified strains via LC-MS/MS showed the ability of Terrabacter sp. DSM102553, Yimella lutea DSM19828 and Calidifontibacter indicus DSM22967 to produce the active form of vitamin B12. Further analysis of vitamin B12 production capability of Terrabacter sp. DSM102553 in M9 minimal medium and peptone-based media revealed that the highest yield of 2.65 µg of vitamin B12 per g dry cell weight was obtained in M9 medium. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy enabled identification of Terrabacter sp. DSM102553, whose relatively high yields obtained in the minimal medium open new perspectives for the possible application of the strain for biotechnological vitamin B12 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Dudko
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sofia Milker
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Dudko D, Holtmann D, Buchhaupt M. Methylotrophic bacteria with cobalamin-dependent mutases in primary metabolism as potential strains for vitamin B 12 production. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:207-220. [PMID: 36385348 PMCID: PMC9925536 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several bacterial species are known for their ability to synthesize vitamin B12 but biotechnological vitamin B12 production today is restricted to Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Nevertheless, the rising popularity of veganism leads to a growing demand for vitamin B12 and thereby interest in alternative strains which can be used as efficient vitamin B12 sources. In this work, we demonstrate that methylotrophic microorganisms which utilize the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway containing B12-dependent enzymes are capable of active vitamin B12 production. Several bacteria with an essential function of the pathway were tested for vitamin B12 synthesis. Among the identified strains, Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 demonstrated the highest vitamin B12 levels reaching up to 17.9 ± 5.05 µg per g dry cell weight. These relatively high vitamin B12 concentrations achieved in simple cultivation experiments were performed in a mineral methanol medium, which makes Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 a new promising cobalamin-producing strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Dudko
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- Microbial Biotechnology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Food-Grade Bacteria Combat Pathogens by Blocking AHL-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010090. [PMID: 36613306 PMCID: PMC9818890 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling is a promising strategy to combat pathogenic biofilms without the development of antibiotic resistance. Here, we report that food-associated bacteria can interfere with the biofilm formation of a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium by targeting its AHL (acyl-homoserine lactone) QS system. This was demonstrated by screening metabolic end-products of different lactobacilli and propionibacteria using Gram-negative and biofilm-forming Chromobacterium violaceum as the QS reporter and our anti-QS microscale screening platform with necessary modifications. The method was optimized in terms of the inoculation technique and the concentrations of D-glucose and L-tryptophan, two key factors controlling the synthesis of violacein, a purple pigment indicating the activation of the QS system in C. violaceum. These improvements resulted in ca. 16-times higher violacein yields and enabled revealing anti-QS effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, including new cheese-associated strains. Our findings also suggest that acetate and propionate excreted by these species are the main factors that interrupt the QS-mediated signaling and subsequent biofilm growth without affecting the cell viability of the C. violaceum reporter. Thus, the present study reports a revised anti-QS screening method to accurately define new bacteria with an ability to combat pathogens in a safe and sustainable way.
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Dank A, Biel G, Abee T, Smid EJ. Microaerobic metabolism of lactate and propionate enhances vitamin B 12 production in Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:225. [PMID: 36307780 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propionibacterium freudenreichii is used in biotechnological applications to produce vitamin B12. Although cultured mainly in anaerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions can greatly enhance biomass formation in P. freudenreichii. Since B12 yields may be coupled to biomass formation, microaerobic conditions show great potential for increasing B12 yields in P. freudenreichii. RESULTS Here we show biomass formation increases 2.7 times for P. freudenreichii grown in microaerobic conditions on lactate versus anaerobic conditions (1.87 g/L vs 0.70 g/L). Consumption of lactate in microaerobic conditions resulted first in production of pyruvate, propionate and acetate. When lactate was depleted, pyruvate and propionate were oxidised with a concomitant sixfold increase in the B12 titer compared to anaerobic conditions, showing potential for propionate and pyruvate as carbon sources for B12 production. Consequently, a fed-batch reactor with anaerobically precultured lactate-grown cells was fed propionate in microaerobic conditions resulting in biomass increase and production of B12. Vitamin yields increased from 0.3 [Formula: see text] B12 per mmol lactate in anaerobic conditions to 2.4 [Formula: see text] B12 per mmol lactate and 8.4 [Formula: see text] B12 per mmol propionate in microaerobic conditions. Yield per cell dry weight (CDW) increased from 41 [Formula: see text] per g CDW in anaerobic conditions on lactate to 92 [Formula: see text] per g CDW on lactate and 184 [Formula: see text] per g CDW on propionate in microaerobic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Here we have shown both B12 yield per substrate and per CDW were highest on cells oxidising propionate in microaerobic conditions, showing the potential of propionate for biotechnological production of vitamin B12 by P. freudenreichii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dank
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Biel
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The skin microbiome is a key player in human health, with diverse functions ranging from defense against pathogens to education of the immune system. While recent studies have begun to shed light on the valuable role that skin microorganisms have in maintaining the skin barrier, a detailed understanding of the complex interactions that shape healthy skin microbial communities is limited. Cobamides, the vitamin B12 class of cofactor, are essential for organisms across the tree of life. Because this vitamin is only produced by a limited fraction of prokaryotes, cobamide sharing is predicted to mediate community dynamics within microbial communities. Here, we provide the first large-scale metagenomic assessment of cobamide biosynthesis and utilization in the skin microbiome. We show that while numerous and diverse taxa across the major bacterial phyla on the skin encode cobamide-dependent enzymes, relatively few species encode de novo cobamide biosynthesis. We show that cobamide producers and users are integrated into the network structure of microbial communities across the different microenvironments of the skin and that changes in microbiome community structure and diversity are associated with the abundance of cobamide producers in the Corynebacterium genus, for both healthy and diseased skin states. Finally, we find that de novo cobamide biosynthesis is enriched only in Corynebacterium species associated with hosts, including those prevalent on human skin. We confirm that the cofactor is produced in excess through quantification of cobamide production by human skin-associated species isolated in the laboratory. Taken together, our results reveal the potential for cobamide sharing within skin microbial communities, which we hypothesize mediates microbiome community dynamics and host interactions. IMPORTANCE The skin microbiome is essential for maintaining skin health and function. However, the microbial interactions that dictate microbiome structure, stability, and function are not well understood. Here, we investigate the biosynthesis and use of cobamides, a cofactor needed by many organisms but only produced by select prokaryotes, within the human skin microbiome. We found that while a large proportion of skin taxa encode cobamide-dependent enzymes, only a select few encode de novo cobamide biosynthesis. Further, the abundance of cobamide-producing Corynebacterium species is associated with skin microbiome diversity and structure, and within this genus, de novo biosynthesis is enriched in host-associated species compared to environment-associated species. These findings identify cobamides as a potential mediator of skin microbiome dynamics and skin health.
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Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B12 Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080365. [PMID: 36004890 PMCID: PMC9405231 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. For this reason, finding better producer strains and optimizing their bioprocesses have been the main focus of industrial producers over the last few decades. In this review, we initially provide a historical overview of vitamin B12 research and the main biosynthetic characteristics of the two microorganism families typically used for its industrial production: several strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and strains related to Pseudomonas denitrificans. Later, a complete summary of the current state of vitamin B12 industrial production as well as the main advances and challenges for improving it is detailed, with a special focus on bioprocess optimization, which aims not only to increase production but also sustainability. In addition, a comprehensive list of the most important and relevant patents for the present industrial strains is provided. Finally, the potential applications of vitamin B12 in different markets are discussed.
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Kolotylo V, Kieliszek M. Use of apple pomace, glycerine, and potato wastewater for the production of propionic acid and vitamin B12. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5433-5448. [PMID: 35879434 PMCID: PMC9418287 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) are a source of valuable metabolites, including propionic acid and vitamin B12. Propionic acid, a food preservative, is synthesized from petroleum refining by-products, giving rise to ecological concerns. Due to changing food trends, the demand for vitamin B12 has been expected to increase in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new, alternative methods of obtaining these compounds. This study was conducted with an aim of optimizing the production of PAB metabolites using only residues (apple pomace, waste glycerine, and potato wastewater), without any enzymatic or chemical pretreatment and enrichment. Media consisting of one, two, or three industrial side-streams were used for the production of PAB metabolites. The highest production of propionic acid was observed in the medium containing all three residues (8.15 g/L, yield: 0.48 g/g). In the same medium, the highest production of acetic acid was found — 2.31 g/L (0.13 g/g). The presence of waste glycerine in the media had a positive effect on the efficiency of propionic acid production and P/A ratio. The concentration of vitamin B12 obtained in the wet biomass of Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 20271 ranged from 90 to 290 µg/100 g. The highest production of cobalamin was achieved in potato wastewater and apple pomace, which may be a source of the precursors of vitamin B12 — cobalt and riboflavin. The results obtained show both propionic acid and vitamin B12 can be produced in a more sustainable manner through the fermentation of residues which are often not properly managed. Key points • The tested strain has been showed metabolic activity in the analyzed industrial side-streams (apple pomace, waste glycerine, potato wastewater). • All the side-streams were relevant for the production of propinic acid. • The addition of waste glycerine increases the propionic acid production efficiency and P/A ratio. • B12 was produced the most in the media containing potato wastewater and apple pomace as dominant ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitaliy Kolotylo
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Mathur Y, Vartak AR, Hazra AB. Guardian of cobamide diversity: Probing the role of CobT in lower ligand activation in the biosynthesis of vitamin B 12 and other cobamide cofactors. Methods Enzymol 2022; 668:25-59. [PMID: 35589196 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze a wide variety of reactions with exquisite precision under crowded conditions within cellular environments. When encountered with a choice of small molecules in their vicinity, even though most enzymes continue to be specific about the substrate they pick, some others are able to accept a range of substrates and subsequently produce a variety of products. The biosynthesis of Vitamin B12, an essential nutrient required by humans involves a multi-substrate α-phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme CobT that activates the lower ligand of B12. Vitamin B12 is a member of the cobamide family of cofactors which share a common tetrapyrrolic corrin scaffold with a centrally coordinated cobalt ion, and an upper and a lower ligand. The structural difference between B12 and other cobamides mainly arises from variations in the lower ligand, which is attached to the activated corrin ring by CobT and other downstream enzymes. In this chapter, we describe the steps involved in identifying and reconstituting the activity of new CobT homologs by deriving lessons from those previously characterized. We then highlight biochemical techniques to study the unique properties of these homologs. Finally, we describe a pairwise substrate competition assay to rank CobT substrate preference, a general method that can be applied for the study of other multi-substrate enzymes. Overall, the analysis with CobT provides insights into the range of cobamides that can be synthesized by an organism or a community, complementing efforts to predict cobamide diversity from complex metagenomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Mathur
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, India
| | - Aniket R Vartak
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, India
| | - Amrita B Hazra
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, India.
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Marques de Brito B, Campos VDM, Neves FJ, Ramos LR, Tomita LY. Vitamin B12 sources in non-animal foods: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7853-7867. [PMID: 35343314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2053057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interest in plant-based diets and vegetarianism is increasing worldwide, however, a concern for total vegetarians is vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency. We conducted a systematic review to investigate non-animal food sources of B12. Databases were PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar, up to September 9, 2020. Quality of the eligible studies were assessed. We identified 25 studies which assessed B12 content in seaweeds, mushrooms, plants and fermented foods. Initial studies were microbiological bioassay, ELISA and HPLC. In the last decade, more sensitive method for real B12 determination was used, the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry chromatograms. Real B12 content varied from mean (SD) mcg/portion size of seaweed hijiki 3 × 10-3/7 g to nori 1.03 - 2.68/sheet; mushroom white button cap 2 × 10-3(7 × 10-4)/20 g dry weight (dw) to shiitake 0.79(0.67)-1.12 (0.78)/20 g dw; and fermented foods from soy yogurt 20/cup. It is possible that daily recommendations for B12 can be met by a varied diet containing non-animal B12 food sources. Future research should consider different methods of storage, preparation, fermented foods and standardization of the production of certain foods.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2053057.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marques de Brito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de Menezes Campos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Félix Jesus Neves
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Yuki Tomita
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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de Assis DA, Machado C, Matte C, Ayub MAZ. High Cell Density Culture of Dairy Propionibacterium sp. and Acidipropionibacterium sp.: A Review for Food Industry Applications. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022; 15:734-749. [PMID: 35069966 PMCID: PMC8761093 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dairy bacteria Propionibacterium sp. and Acidipropionibacterium sp. are versatile and potentially probiotic microorganisms showing outstanding functionalities for the food industry, such as the production of propionic acid and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. They are the only food grade microorganisms able to produce vitamin B12. However, the fermentation batch process using these bacteria present some bioprocess limitations due to strong end-product inhibition, cells slow-growing rates, low product titer, yields and productivities, which reduces the bioprocess prospects for industrial applications. The high cell density culture (HCDC) bioprocess system is known as an efficient approach to overcome most of those problems. The main techniques applied to achieve HCDC of dairy Propionibacterium are the fed-batch cultivation, cell recycling, perfusion, extractive fermentation, and immobilization. In this review, the techniques available and reported to achieve HCDC of Propionibacterium sp. and Acidipropionibacterium sp. are discussed, and the advantages and drawbacks of this system of cultivation in relation to biomass formation, vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and propionic acid production are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener Acosta de Assis
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Camille Machado
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Carla Matte
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Balabanova L, Averianova L, Marchenok M, Son O, Tekutyeva L. Microbial and Genetic Resources for Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Biosynthesis: From Ecosystems to Industrial Biotechnology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094522. [PMID: 33926061 PMCID: PMC8123684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many microbial producers of coenzyme B12 family cofactors together with their metabolically interdependent pathways are comprehensively studied and successfully used both in natural ecosystems dominated by auxotrophs, including bacteria and mammals, and in the safe industrial production of vitamin B12. Metabolic reconstruction for genomic and metagenomic data and functional genomics continue to mine the microbial and genetic resources for biosynthesis of the vital vitamin B12. Availability of metabolic engineering techniques and usage of affordable and renewable sources allowed improving bioprocess of vitamins, providing a positive impact on both economics and environment. The commercial production of vitamin B12 is mainly achieved through the use of the two major industrial strains, Propionobacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans, that involves about 30 enzymatic steps in the biosynthesis of cobalamin and completely replaces chemical synthesis. However, there are still unresolved issues in cobalamin biosynthesis that need to be elucidated for future bioprocess improvements. In the present work, we review the current state of development and challenges for cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis, describing the major and novel prospective strains, and the studies of environmental factors and genetic tools effecting on the fermentation process are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Balabanova
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.A.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, 692481 Primorskiy Region, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Liudmila Averianova
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.A.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, 692481 Primorskiy Region, Russia
| | - Maksim Marchenok
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.A.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, 692481 Primorskiy Region, Russia
| | - Oksana Son
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.A.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, 692481 Primorskiy Region, Russia
| | - Liudmila Tekutyeva
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.A.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, 692481 Primorskiy Region, Russia
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Jeantet R, Jan G. Improving the drying of Propionibacterium freudenreichii starter cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3485-3494. [PMID: 33885925 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial food-grade actinobacterium, widely implemented, and thus consumed, in various food products. As the main application, P. freudenreichii is used as a cheese-ripening starter, mostly in hard type cheeses. Indeed, during manufacture of "Swiss-type" cheeses (or opened-body cheeses), the technological process favors propionibacteria growth, as well as the corresponding propionic fermentation. This leads to the characteristic flavor of these cheeses, through the release of short chain fatty acids and through lipolysis, as well as to their specific texture. To fulfil this ripening, massive amounts of propionibacteria are industrially produced, dried and stored, prior to cheese making. Furthermore, P. freudenreichii is commercialized in various probiotic food supplements aiming at preserving intestinal health and comfort, in line with its ability to produce beneficial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, vitamins), as well as immunomodulatory compounds. Other industrial applications of P. freudenreichii include the production of food-grade vitamins of the B group, of trehalose, of conjugated linoleic acid, and of biopreservatives. For these different applications, maintaining survival and activity of propionibacteria during production, drying, storage and finally implementation, is crucial. More widely, maintaining live and active probiotic bacteria represents a challenge as the market for probiotic products increases. Probiotic bacteria are, for a bulk majority, freeze-dried, but spray drying is also more and more considered. Indeed, this process is both continuous and more cost-efficient, as it utilizes less energy compared to freeze-drying; on the other hand, it exposes bacteria to higher heat and oxidative stresses. Apart from process optimization and strain selection, it is possible to enhance the resistance of bacteria by taking advantage of their adaptation capacity. Indeed, P. freudenreichii stress tolerance can be boosted by different pretreatments applied before the drying step, thus considerably increasing its final survival. In particular, adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions improves stress tolerance, while the presence of osmoprotectants may mitigate this improvement. Thermal adaptation also modulates tolerance towards these technological challenges. The composition of the growth medium, including the ratio between the carbohydrates provided and the non-protein nitrogen, plays a key role in driving the accumulation of osmoprotectants. This, in turn, determines P. freudenreichii tolerance towards different stresses, and overall towards both freeze-drying and spray-drying. As an example, the accumulation of trehalose enhances its spray-drying survival, while the accumulation of glycine betaine enhances its freeze-drying survival. Growth of propionibacteria in hyperconcentrated whey was used to trigger multiple stress tolerance acquisition, underpinned by overexpression of key stress protein, accumulation of cytoplasmic storage compounds, and leading to enhanced spray-drying survival. A simplified process, from cultivation to atomization, was developed by using whey as a 2-in-1 medium in which propionibacteria were grown, protected and dried with minimal cell death. This innovative process was then subjected to scaling up at the industrial level. In this aim, a gentle multi-stage drying process offering mild drying conditions by coupling spray drying with belt drying, led to final probiotic survival close to 100% when stress tolerance acquisition was previously implemented. Such innovation opens new avenues for the efficient, cost-effective and sustainable development of new probiotic production technologies, as well as probiotic application in the context of food and feed. KEY POINTS: • Propionibacteria acquire multi-stress tolerance when grown in hyper-concentrated whey. • Spray drying of osmo-adapted probiotic bacteria is possible with limited cell death. • A two-in-one drying method is developed to grow and dry probiotic bacteria in the same matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042, Rennes, France.
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14
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Sokolovskaya OM, Shelton AN, Taga ME. Sharing vitamins: Cobamides unveil microbial interactions. Science 2020; 369:369/6499/eaba0165. [PMID: 32631870 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities are essential to fundamental processes on Earth. Underlying the compositions and functions of these communities are nutritional interdependencies among individual species. One class of nutrients, cobamides (the family of enzyme cofactors that includes vitamin B12), is widely used for a variety of microbial metabolic functions, but these structurally diverse cofactors are synthesized by only a subset of bacteria and archaea. Advances at different scales of study-from individual isolates, to synthetic consortia, to complex communities-have led to an improved understanding of cobamide sharing. Here, we discuss how cobamides affect microbes at each of these three scales and how integrating different approaches leads to a more complete understanding of microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Sokolovskaya
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amanda N Shelton
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michiko E Taga
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Assis DAD, Matte C, Aschidamini B, Rodrigues E, Záchia Ayub MA. Biosynthesis of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 13673 using liquid acid protein residue of soybean as culture medium. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3011. [PMID: 32356411 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency still persists, mainly caused by low intake of animal food products affecting vegetarians, vegans, and populations of underdeveloped countries. In this study, we investigate the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 by potential probiotic bacterium using an agroindustry residue, the liquid acid protein residue of soybean (LAPRS), as a low-cost, animal derivate-free alternative culture medium. Cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii ATCC 13673 growing in LAPRS for vitamin B12 biosynthesis were studied using the Plackett-Burman experimental approach, followed by a central composite design 22 to optimize the concentration of significant variables. We also performed a proteolytic treatment of LAPRS and evaluated the optimized-hydrolyzed medium influence on the microbial growth and metabolism in shaker flask and bioreactor experiments. In this all-plant source medium, P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii produced high concentrations of cells and high amounts of vitamin B12 (0.6 mg/g cells) after process optimization. These results suggest the possibility of producing vitamin B12 by a potential probiotic bacterium in a very cheap, animal derivate-free medium to address the needs of specific population groups, at the same time reducing the production costs of this essential vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener Acosta de Assis
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Matte
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Aschidamini
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Kieliszek M, Kot AM. Sequencing and Analysis of the Genome of Propionibacterium Freudenreichii T82 Strain: Importance for Industry. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E348. [PMID: 32102319 PMCID: PMC7072396 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii T82, which has a chromosome containing 2,585,340 nucleotides with 67.3% GC content (guanine-cytosine content), is described in this paper. The total number of genes is 2308, of which 2260 are protein-coding genes and 48 are RNA genes. According to the genome analysis and the obtained results, the T82 strain can produce various compounds such as propionic acid, trehalose, glycogen, and B group vitamins (e.g., B6, B9, and B12). From protein-coding sequences (CDSs), genes related to stress adaptation, biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, secretion, and defense machinery were detected. In the genome of the T82 strain, sequences corresponding to the CRISPR loci (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), antibiotic resistance, and restriction-modification system were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.L.); (E.H.-S.); (M.K.); (A.M.K.)
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17
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Hedayati R, Hosseini M, Najafpour GD. Optimization of semi-anaerobic vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) production from rice bran oil using Propionibacterium freudenreichii PTCC1674. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Deptula P, Loivamaa I, Smolander OP, Laine P, Roberts RJ, Piironen V, Paulin L, Savijoki K, Auvinen P, Varmanen P. Red-Brown Pigmentation of Acidipropionibacterium jensenii Is Tied to Haemolytic Activity and cyl-Like Gene Cluster. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110512. [PMID: 31671651 PMCID: PMC6920887 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel Acidipropionibacterium genus encompasses species of industrial importance but also those associated with food spoilage. In particular, Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, Acidipropionibacterium thoenii, and Acidipropionibacterium jensenii play an important role in food fermentation, as biopreservatives, or as potential probiotics. Notably, A. jensenii and A. thoenii can cause brown spot defects in Swiss-type cheeses, which have been tied to the rhamnolipid pigment granadaene. In the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, production of granadaene depends on the presence of a cyl gene cluster, an important virulence factor linked with haemolytic activity. Here, we show that the production of granadaene in pigmented Acidipropionibacterium, including A. jensenii, A. thoenii, and Acidipropionibacterium virtanenii, is tied to haemolytic activity and the presence of a cyl-like gene cluster. Furthermore, we propose a PCR-based test, which allows pinpointing acidipropionibacteria with the cyl-like gene cluster. Finally, we present the first two whole genome sequence analyses of the A. jensenii strains as well as testing phenotypic characteristics important for industrial applications. In conclusion, the present study sheds light on potential risks associated with the presence of pigmented Acidipropionibacterium strains in food fermentation. In addition, the results presented here provide ground for development of a quick and simple diagnostic test instrumental in avoiding potential negative effects of Acidipropionibacterium strains with haemolytic activity on food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Deptula
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Iida Loivamaa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Xie C, Coda R, Chamlagain B, Varmanen P, Piironen V, Katina K. Co-fermentation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Lactobacillus brevis in Wheat Bran for in situ Production of Vitamin B12. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1541. [PMID: 31333632 PMCID: PMC6624789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of co-fermentation on vitamin B12 content and microbiological composition of wheat bran. Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 20271 was used as the producer of vitamin while Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 was selected to ensure the microbial safety of the bran dough. Fermentation trials were conducted in bioreactors to monitor and adjust the pH of the ferments. Vitamin B12 level reached 357 ± 8 ng/g dry weight (dw) after 1 day of pH-controlled fermentation with P. freudenreichii monoculture and remained stable thereafter. In co-fermentation with L. brevis, slightly less vitamin B12 (255 ± 31 ng/g dw) was produced in 1 day and an effective inhibition of the growth of total Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus cereus was obtained. On day 3, vitamin B12 content in pH-controlled co-fermentation increased to 332 ± 44 ng/g dw. On the other hand, without a pH control, co-fermentation resulted in a stronger inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae and B. cereus but a lower level of vitamin B12 (183 ± 5 ng/g dw on day 3). These results demonstrated that wheat bran fermented by P. freudenreichii and L. brevis can be a promising way to produce vitamin B12 fortified plant-origin food ingredients, which could reduce cereal waste streams and contribute to a more resilient food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhawani Chamlagain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Bernhardt C, Zhu X, Schütz D, Fischer M, Bisping B. Cobalamin is produced by Acetobacter pasteurianus DSM 3509. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3875-3885. [PMID: 30911787 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Only a few cobalamin-producing bacterial species are known which are suitable for food fermentations. The strain of Acetobacter pasteurianus DSM 3509 was found to have the capability to synthesize cobalamin. A survival test and a preliminary genetic study of the gene of uroporphyrinogen-III synthase indicated the ability to synthesize cobalamin. By a modified microbiological assay based on Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis DSM 20355, 4.57 ng/mL of cyanocorrinoids and 0.75 ng/mL of noncorrinoid growth factors were detected. The product extracted and isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography in its cyanide form had the similar UV spectrum as standard cyanocobalamin and Coα-[α-(7-adenyl)]-(Coβ-cyano) cobamide also known as pseudovitamin B12 produced by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016. The chromatographically separated product of A. pasteurianus was subjected to mass spectrometrical analysis. There, its fragmentation pattern turned out to be equivalent to that of cyanocobalamin also produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii DSM 20271 and clearly differs from pseudovitamin B12. Due to the presence of this species in several food applications, there might be cobalamin residues in food fermented with these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Bernhardt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Division of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Division of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany.,School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David Schütz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Bernward Bisping
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Division of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
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21
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Deptula P, Smolander OP, Laine P, Roberts RJ, Edelmann M, Peltola P, Piironen V, Paulin L, Storgårds E, Savijoki K, Laitila A, Auvinen P, Varmanen P. Acidipropionibacterium virtanenii sp. nov., isolated from malted barley. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3175-3183. [PMID: 30156530 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and pleomorphic rod organism was isolated from malted barley in Finland, classified initially by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and originally deposited in the VTT Culture Collection as a strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici (currently Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici). The subsequent comparison of the whole 16S rRNA gene with other representatives of the genus Acidipropionibacterium revealed that the strain belongs to a novel species, most closely related to Acidipropionibacterium microaerophilum and Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, with similarity values of 98.46 and 98.31 %, respectively. The whole genome sequencing using PacBio RS II platform allowed further comparison of the genome with all of the other DNA sequences available for the type strains of the Acidipropionibacterium species. Those comparisons revealed the highest similarity of strain JS278T to A. acidipropionici, which was confirmed by the average nucleotide identity analysis. The genome of strain JS278T is intermediate in size compared to the A. acidipropionici and Acidipropionibacterium jensenii at 3 432 872 bp, the G+C content is 68.4 mol%. The strain fermented a wide range of carbon sources, and produced propionic acid as the major fermentation product. Besides its poor ability to grow at 37 °C and positive catalase reaction, the observed phenotype was almost indistinguishable from those of A. acidipropionici and A. jensenii. Based on our findings, we conclude that the organism represents a novel member of the genus Acidipropionibacterium, for which we propose the name Acidipropionibacteriumvirtanenii sp. nov. The type strain is JS278T (=VTT E-113202T=DSM 106790T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Deptula
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pia Laine
- 2Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Minnamari Edelmann
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vieno Piironen
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- 2Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erna Storgårds
- 5VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- 5VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 VTT, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Varmanen
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Xie C, Coda R, Chamlagain B, Edelmann M, Deptula P, Varmanen P, Piironen V, Katina K. In situ fortification of vitamin B12 in wheat flour and wheat bran by fermentation with Propionibacterium freudenreichii. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Frohnmeyer E, Deptula P, Nyman TA, Laine PKS, Vihinen H, Paulin L, Auvinen P, Jokitalo E, Piironen V, Varmanen P, Savijoki K. Secretome profiling of Propionibacterium freudenreichii reveals highly variable responses even among the closely related strains. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:510-526. [PMID: 29488359 PMCID: PMC5902329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the secretomes (proteins exported out of the cell) of Propionibacterium freudenreichii of different origin to identify plausible adaptation factors. Phylosecretomics indicated strain‐specific variation in secretion of adhesins/invasins (SlpA, InlA), cell‐wall hydrolysing (NlpC60 peptidase, transglycosylase), protective (RpfB) and moonlighting (DnaK, GroEL, GaPDH, IDH, ENO, ClpB) enzymes and/or proteins. Detailed secretome comparison suggested that one of the cereal strains (JS14) released a tip fimbrillin (FimB) in to the extracellular milieu, which was in line with the electron microscopy and genomic analyses, indicating the lack of surface‐associated fimbrial‐like structures, predicting a mutated type‐2 fimbrial gene cluster (fimB‐fimA‐srtC2) and production of anchorless FimB. Instead, the cereal strain produced high amounts of SlpB that tentatively mediated adherent growth on hydrophilic surface and adherence to hydrophobic material. One of the dairy strains (JS22), producing non‐covalently bound surface‐proteins (LspA, ClpB, AraI) and releasing SlpA and InlA into the culture medium, was found to form clumps under physiological conditions. The JS22 strain lacked SlpB and displayed a non‐clumping and biofilm‐forming phenotype only under conditions of increased ionic strength (300 mM NaCl). However, this strain cultured under the same conditions was not adherent to hydrophobic support, which supports the contributory role of SlpB in mediating hydrophobic interactions. Thus, this study reports significant secretome variation in P. freudenreichii and suggests that strain‐specific differences in protein export, modification and protein–protein interactions have been the driving forces behind the adaptation of this bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Frohnmeyer
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia K S Laine
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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24
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Kieliszek M, Ścibisz I. Propionibacterium spp.-source of propionic acid, vitamin B12, and other metabolites important for the industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:515-538. [PMID: 29167919 PMCID: PMC5756557 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus consists of two principal groups: cutaneous and classical. Cutaneous Propionibacterium are considered primary pathogens to humans, whereas classical Propionibacterium are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus are capable of synthesizing numerous valuable compounds with a wide industrial usage. Biomass of the bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus constitutes sources of vitamins from the B group, including B12, trehalose, and numerous bacteriocins. These bacteria are also capable of synthesizing organic acids such as propionic acid and acetic acid. Because of GRAS status and their health-promoting characteristics, bacteria from the Propionibacterium genus and their metabolites (propionic acid, vitamin B12, and trehalose) are commonly used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. They are also used as additives in fodders for livestock. In this review, we present the major species of Propionibacterium and their properties and provide an overview of their functions and applications. This review also presents current literature concerned with the possibilities of using Propionibacterium spp. to obtain valuable metabolites. It also presents the biosynthetic pathways as well as the impact of the genetic and environmental factors on the efficiency of their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Ścibisz
- Department of Food Technology, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Synowiec A. Research on the ability of propionic acid and vitamin B12 biosynthesis by Propionibacterium freudenreichii strain T82. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:921-932. [PMID: 29178013 PMCID: PMC5945763 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for biosynthesis of propionic acid and vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 in a medium containing various sources of carbon (glucose, fructose, and saccharose). These sugars are present in apple pomaces, which are the waste from the production of apple juice. Using statistical analysis design of experiments (DoE), the results allowed us to determine which sugars (carbon sources) exert the most beneficial influence on the biosynthesis of propionic acid and cobalamin. The highest production of propionic acid by the tested bacterial strain was obtained in a medium in which glucose accounted for at least 50% of the available carbon sources. Depending on the culture medium, the concentration of this metabolite ranged from 23 to 40 g/L. P. freudenreichii T82 produced the smallest amount of acid in medium in which the dominant nutrient source was saccharose. The results obtained indicated an inverse relationship between the amount of acid produced by the bacteria and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. Because of the high efficiency of propionic acid biosynthesis by P. freudenreichii T82, the prospect of using this strain to obtain propionate with the simultaneous disposal of waste materials (such as apple pomaces) which contain glucose and/or fructose is very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Synowiec
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Division of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Chamlagain B, Sugito TA, Deptula P, Edelmann M, Kariluoto S, Varmanen P, Piironen V. In situ production of active vitamin B12 in cereal matrices using Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6:67-76. [PMID: 29387363 PMCID: PMC5778212 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The in situ production of active vitamin B12 was investigated in aqueous cereal‐based matrices with three strains of food‐grade Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Matrices prepared from malted barley flour (33% w/v; BM), barley flour (6%; BF), and wheat aleurone (15%; AM) were fermented. The effect of cobalt and the lower ligand 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) or its natural precursors (riboflavin and nicotinamide) on active B12 production was evaluated. Active B12 production was confirmed by UHPLC–UV–MS analysis. A B12 content of 12–37 μg·kg−1 was produced in BM; this content increased 10‐fold with cobalt and reached 940–1,480 μg·kg−1 with both cobalt and DMBI. With riboflavin and nicotinamide, B12 production in cobalt‐supplemented BM increased to 712 μg·kg−1. Approximately, 10 μg·kg−1 was achieved in BF and AM and was increased to 80 μg·kg−1 in BF and 260 μg·kg−1 in AM with cobalt and DMBI. The UHPLC and microbiological assay (MBA) results agreed when both cobalt and DMBI or riboflavin and nicotinamide were supplemented. However, MBA gave ca. 20%–40% higher results in BM and AM supplemented with cobalt, indicating the presence of human inactive analogues, such as pseudovitamin B12. This study demonstrates that cereal products can be naturally fortified with active B12 to a nutritionally relevant level by fermenting with P. freudenreichii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawani Chamlagain
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Tessa A Sugito
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Susanna Kariluoto
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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27
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Signorini C, Carpen A, Coletto L, Borgonovo G, Galanti E, Capraro J, Magni C, Abate A, Johnson SK, Duranti M, Scarafoni A. Enhanced vitamin B12 production in an innovative lupin tempeh is due to synergic effects of Rhizopus and Propionibacterium in cofermentation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:451-457. [PMID: 29041832 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1386627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation represents a valuable and cost-effective approach for food stabilisation and nutritional improvement. Tempeh is an example of soybean solid-state fermentation. In this work, we investigated the possibility of producing a tempeh analogue containing high amounts of vitamin B12 using seeds of three different species of the legume lupin, namely Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis, with Rhizopus oligosporus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii cofermentation. Synergic effects of Rhizopus and Propionibacterium in increasing vitamin B12 up to 1230 ng/g dw was observed. These findings indicate that this cofermentation can improve lupin nutritional quality and safety to provide a tempeh analogue with added value for vegan and vegetarian communities and low-income populations. The level of potentially toxic lupin alkaloids was also monitored during the tempeh preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Signorini
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Aristodemo Carpen
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Luigi Coletto
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Galanti
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Jessica Capraro
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Chiara Magni
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Ambra Abate
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- b School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Perth , WA , Australia
| | - Marcello Duranti
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- a Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
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28
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Deptula P, Chamlagain B, Edelmann M, Sangsuwan P, Nyman TA, Savijoki K, Piironen V, Varmanen P. Food-Like Growth Conditions Support Production of Active Vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2067 without DMBI, the Lower Ligand Base, or Cobalt Supplementation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:368. [PMID: 28337185 PMCID: PMC5340759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a traditional dairy bacterium and a producer of short chain fatty acids (propionic and acetic acids) as well as vitamin B12. In food applications, it is a promising organism for in situ fortification with B12 vitamin since it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and it is able to synthesize biologically active form of the vitamin. In the present study, vitamin B12 and pseudovitamin biosynthesis by P. freudenreichii was monitored by UHPLC as a function of growth in food-like conditions using a medium mimicking cheese environment, without cobalt or 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) supplementation. Parallel growth experiments were performed in industrial-type medium known to support the biosynthesis of vitamin B12. The production of other key metabolites in the two media were determined by HPLC, while the global protein production was compared by gel-based proteomics to assess the effect of growth conditions on the physiological status of the strain and on the synthesis of different forms of vitamin. The results revealed distinct protein and metabolite production, which reflected the growth conditions and the potential of P. freudenreichii for synthesizing nutritionally relevant amounts of active vitamin B12 regardless of the metabolic state of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhawani Chamlagain
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panchanit Sangsuwan
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Bui TPN, Shetty SA, Lagkouvardos I, Ritari J, Chamlagain B, Douillard FP, Paulin L, Piironen V, Clavel T, Plugge CM, de Vos WM. Comparative genomics and physiology of the butyrate-producing bacterium Intestinimonas butyriciproducens. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:1024-1037. [PMID: 27717172 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Intestinimonas is a newly described bacterial genus with representative strains present in the intestinal tract of human and other animals. Despite unique metabolic features including the production of butyrate from both sugars and amino acids, there is to date no data on their diversity, ecology, and physiology. Using a comprehensive phylogenetic approach, Intestinimomas was found to include at least three species that colonize primarily the human and mouse intestine. We focused on the most common and cultivable species of the genus, Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, and performed detailed genomic and physiological comparison of strains SRB521T and AF211, isolated from the mouse and human gut respectively. The complete 3.3-Mb genomic sequences of both strains were highly similar with 98.8% average nucleotide identity, testifying to their assignment to one single species. However, thorough analysis revealed significant genomic rearrangements, variations in phage-derived sequences, and the presence of new CRISPR sequences in both strains. Moreover, strain AF211 appeared to be more efficient than strain SRB521T in the conversion of the sugars arabinose and galactose. In conclusion, this study provides genomic and physiological insight into Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, a prevalent butyrate-producing species, differentiating strains that originate from the mouse and human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Nam Bui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan Anand Shetty
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Jarmo Ritari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Bhawani Chamlagain
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - François P Douillard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Technische Universität München, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, WE, 6708, The Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- RPU Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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30
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Effect of the lower ligand precursors on vitamin B12 production by food-grade Propionibacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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A newly isolated and identified vitamin B12 producing strain: Sinorhizobium meliloti 320. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1527-37. [PMID: 27282166 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin, VB12) has several physiological functions and is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. A new unicellular species was extracted from China farmland, and the strain could produce VB12 which was identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. 16S rDNA analysis reveals this strain belongs to the species Sinorhizobium meliloti and we named it S. meliloti 320. Its whole genome information indicates that this strain has a complete VB12 synthetic pathway, which paves the way for further metabolic engineering studies. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources are sucrose and corn steep liquor (CSL) plus peptone. The optimal combination of sucrose and CSL was obtained by response surface methodology as they are the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. This strain could produce 140 ± 4.2 mg L(-1) vitamin B12 after incubating for 7 days in the optimal medium.
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