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Moala Silatolu A, Santos JA, Palu A, Nand D, Deo A, Kama A, Lolohea S, Vakaloloma U, Seru L, Naivunivuni P, Kumar S, Tawakilai H, Vimatemate E, Sanif M, Misavu A, Prasad AU, Patay D, Woodward M, Rogers K, Reeve E, Bell C, Webster J, Waqa G, McKenzie BL. Salt and sugar intakes of adults in the central division of Fiji: findings from a nutrition survey in 2022. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 46:101074. [PMID: 38726347 PMCID: PMC11079466 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Excess salt and sugar consumption contribute to diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to estimate salt and sugar intakes and main sources, in a population of adults in the Central Division of Fiji. Methods One adult per household was randomly selected to participate (n = 700). Sociodemographic characteristics; blood pressure, weight, and height; a 24-h diet recall; and spot-urine samples were collected, with 24-h urine samples from a sub-sample (n = 200). Sugar intake was estimated from the 24-h diet recalls and salt intake from the spot-urines. 24-hr diet recall was used to identify main sources of salt and sugar by food groups. Findings 534 adults (response rate 76%, 50% women, mean age 42 years) participated. Salt intake was 8.8 g/day (95% CI, 8.7-9.0), and free sugar intake was 74.1 g/day (67.5-80.7), 16.1% of total energy intake (15.0-17.1%). Main sources of salt were mixed cooked dishes (40.9% (38.2-43.5)), and bread and bakery products (28.7% (26.5-31.0)). Main sources of sugar were table sugars, honey, and related products (24.3% (21.7-26.8)), non-alcoholic beverages (21.4% (18.8-24.0)) and bread and bakery products (18.0% (16.2-19.9)). Interpretation Salt and sugar intakes exceeded World Health Organization recommendations in this sample of adults. Given dietary sources were foods high in salt and sugar, along with the addition to food or drinks, interventions focused on behavior along with environmental strategies to encourage healthier choices are needed. Funding NHMRC and GACD grant APP1169322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasaini Moala Silatolu
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Aliyah Palu
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Devina Nand
- The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
| | - Alvina Deo
- The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ateca Kama
- The Wellness Team, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susana Lolohea
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Unise Vakaloloma
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Litiana Seru
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Penaia Naivunivuni
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Shajal Kumar
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Helen Tawakilai
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Emosi Vimatemate
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Mohammed Sanif
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Alena Misavu
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Dori Patay
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris Rogers
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erica Reeve
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jacqui Webster
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gade Waqa
- Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases, College of Medicine Nursing and Heath Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
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Gelaw KA, Atalay YA, Walle BG, Gesese MM, Assfaw BB, Gebeyehu NA. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cultural Malpractice During the Perinatal Period in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:661-674. [PMID: 37917296 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The health of the mother and children are potentially affected by several types of cultural malpractices that occur during the perinatal period. Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic nation where a variety of cultural practices are observed, especially during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cultural malpractice during the perinatal period in Ethiopia. Data searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and the Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and analysis was done using STATA version 14. Less than a p-value of 0.05 was regarded to indicate potential publication bias: the funnel plot, Begg, and Egger's regression tests were used to examine publication bias. This study included 18 studies and 7880 mothers. The pooled prevalence of cultural malpractice during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum was 34.95% (95% CI: 27, 42.56), 31.18% (95% CI: 19.61, 42.76), and 45.83% (95% CI: 34.22, 57.45) respectively in Ethiopia. In addition, the following factors are statistically associated with the perinatal period: pregnancy: ANC follow-up (AOR = 3.06, 95%CI = 2.04, 4.58), educational status (AOR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.99, 5.48), and residence (AOR 2.47, 95%CI, 1.601, 3.81); childbirth: ANC follow-up (AOR = 9.94, 95%CI = 2.05, 48.09), maternal age (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.56, 3.29), and maternal education (AOR = 10.37, 95%CI = 6.145, 17.51); during postpartum: ANC follow-up (AOR = 3.67, 95%CI = 1.96, 6.844), maternal education (AOR = 6.87, 95%CI = 3.26, 14.49), and residence AOR4.79, 95%CI, 2.97, 7.49). The pooled prevalence of cultural malpractice during the perinatal period was high. Health professionals should encourage beneficial practices through health education for a healthy perinatal period for mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelemu Abebe Gelaw
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Yibeltal Assefa Atalay
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Gelaw Walle
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Molalegn Mesele Gesese
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Birhan Assfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Johnson CR, Thacher TD. Vitamin D: immune function, inflammation, infections and auto-immunity. Paediatr Int Child Health 2023; 43:29-39. [PMID: 36857810 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2023.2171759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an active role beyond mineral metabolism and skeletal health, including regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent, and observational studies link low vitamin D status to a risk of infections and auto-immune disorders. Reports indicate an inverse relationship between vitamin D status and such conditions. This review details vitamin D signalling interactions with the immune system and provides experimental and clinical evidence evaluating vitamin D status, vitamin D supplementation and host susceptibility to infections, inflammation and auto-immunity. The published literature including related reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies and basic science reports have been synthesised. Meta-analyses of observational studies have demonstrated a link between low vitamin D status and risk of acute respiratory infections, COVID-19 disorders, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus and other auto-immune disorders. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may protect against several infectious and auto-immune conditions. Meta-analyses of RCTs had mixed results, demonstrating a small protective role for vitamin D supplementation against acute respiratory infections, especially in those with vitamin D deficiency and children, and providing modest benefits for the management of T1DM and IBD. Vitamin D status is inversely associated with the incidence of several infectious and auto-immune conditions. Supplementation is recommended for those with vitamin D deficiency or at high risk of deficiency, and it might provide additional benefit in acute respiratory infections and certain auto-immune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Johnson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
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Zewdu D, Bekele DM, Bantigen KA, Wake AD. Unsafe Infant Feeding Practice and Associated Factors Among HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:325-337. [PMID: 37342283 PMCID: PMC10277203 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s414636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infant feeding practices can have an impact on the health of infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Breastfeeding has significant health advantages for newborns even while it increases the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her child. One-third to half of child HIV infections in African settings may be linked to breastfeeding. This study was intended to investigate the level of unsafe infant feeding practice and associated factors among HIV positive mothers attending PMTCT at selected governmental hospitals in Afar regional state, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods A cross-sectional study was done among 423 HIV positive mothers from February 15 to March 15, 2022 in Afar regional state at selected PMTCT providing governmental hospitals. The proportional allocation was done for samples to be taken from Asayta, Dupti and Mohammed Akle hospitals. A systematic sampling technique was performed to select the study participants. Epidata version 3.1 was used for data entry, and SPSS software version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results The majority, 296 (70.0%), of mothers with HIV-positive were aged between 25 and 34 years. The level of unsafe infant feeding practice among HIV-positive mothers was 153 (36.2%). About 270 (63.8%) mothers exclusively breastfed their infants. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, PNC follow-up (AOR=1.814, 95% CI: (1.127, 2.919)), ART follow-up (AOR=1.987, 95% CI: (1.128, 3.501)), and HIV disclosure status (AOR=2.324, 95% CI: (1.470, 3.673)) were significantly associated with unsafe infant feeding practice among HIV-positive mothers. Conclusion The level of unsafe infant feeding practice among HIV-positive mothers was high. PNC follow-up, ART follow-up, and HIV disclosure status were significantly associated with unsafe infant feeding practice among HIV-positive mothers. Comprehensive health educations need to be provided for HIV-positive mothers to reduce this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demlie Zewdu
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Samara University, Afar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mengistu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kerebih Abere Bantigen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Dabi Wake
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Carvalho C, Severo M, Correia D, Lopes C, Torres D. Meat or meatless meals at lunch and dinner – exploring the associated factors and transition between meals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36971097 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the consumption of meat vs. meatless meals and to assess the applicability of a multi-state model to describe transitions between lunch and dinner. Fifteen thousand four hundred and eight main meals (lunch and dinner) from a sample of adults (18-84 years, n = 3852) from the Portuguese Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015-2016) were categorised as meat, fish, ovolactovegetarian or snack. Adjusted generalised-mixed-effects models were used to explore the associations and a time-homogeneous Markov-multi-state model was applied to study the transitions. Women, older and higher educated individuals presented higher odds of consuming meatless meals and lower hazard of transitioning to meat in the following main meal. Strategies for replacing meat with more sustainable foods should be specific towards different population groups. Studying transitions across main meals, using multi-state models, can support the development of feasible, realistic and group-specific strategies to replace meat and promote dietary variety.
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Gunathilake M, Hoang T, Lee J, Kim J. Association between dietary intake networks identified through a Gaussian graphical model and the risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3943-3960. [PMID: 35763057 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary communities identified by a Gaussian graphical model (GGM) and cancer risk. METHODS We performed GGM to identify the dietary communities in a Korean population. GGM-derived communities were then scored and investigated for their association with cancer incidence in the entire population as well as in the 1:1 age- and sex-matched subgroup using a Cox proportional hazards model. In the sensitivity analysis, GGM-derived communities were compared to dietary patterns (DPs) that were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR). RESULTS During a median time to follow-up of 6.6 years, 397 cancer cases were newly diagnosed. The GGM identified 17 and 16 dietary communities for the total and matched populations, respectively. For each one-unit increase in the standard deviation of the community-specific score of the community that was composed of dairy products and bread, there was a reduced risk of cancer according to the fully adjusted model (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96). In the matched population, the third tertile of the community-specific score of the community composed of poultry, seafood, bread, cakes and sweets, and meat by-products showed a significantly reduced risk of cancer compared to that of the lowest tertile in the fully adjusted model (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.86, p-trend = 0.002). CONCLUSION We found that the GGM-identified community composed of dairy products and bread showed a reduced risk of cancer. Further population-based prospective studies should be conducted to examine possible associations of dietary intake and specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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Saneie S, Aminianfar A, Shidfar F, Keshteli AH, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and odds and severity of irritable bowel syndrome among Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:472. [PMCID: PMC9675204 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little evidence is available in terms of the role of dietary antioxidants in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) disease. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and odds of IBS and its severity. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,362 Iranian adults who were referred to health centers in Isfahan province, Iran. Participants' dietary intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ). The dTAC was measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Multivariable binary or ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate any associations between dTAC and odds of IBS, IBS severity, and IBS subtypes. Results The average age and BMI of the participants and dTAC score were 36.3 ± 7.87 year, 24.9 ± 3.82 kg/m2. The prevalence of IBS, IBS with constipation (IBS-C), IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D), mixed IBS (IBS-M), and un-subtyped IBS (IBS-U) were 22.2, 7.5, 4.6, 3.8, and 6.2%, respectively. In crude and adjusted models, the results did not show any significant association between dTAC and odds of IBS among whole and gender-age stratified populations. Being in the third compared with the first tertile of dTAC was not also significantly associated with odds of IBS severity. Besides, there were no significant associations between dTAC and odds of IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M, and IBS-U. Conclusion This study indicates that dTAC may not be associated with the odds of IBS and its severity even after stratification for gender and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Saneie
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIntegrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Slater J, Pilli B, Hinds A, Katz A, Urquia ML, Sanguins J, Green C, Cidro J, Chateau D, Nickel N. The Food and Nutrition Security for Manitoba Youth (FANS) study: rationale, methods, dietary intakes and body mass index. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:116. [PMID: 36266659 PMCID: PMC9584280 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good nutrition and access to healthy foods are essential for child growth and development. However, there are concerns that Canadian children do not have a healthy diet, which may be related to dietary choices as well as lack of access to healthy foods. The FANS (Food and Nutrition Security for Children and Youth) study examined the nutrition and food security status of youth in the province of Manitoba, Canada. This paper describes methods, dietary intakes, and body mass index for the FANS study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1587 Manitoba grade nine students who completed a self-administered web-based survey. Data was collected on demographic characteristics, dietary intake (24-h recall), food behaviors, food security, and self-report health indicators. Dietary data was compared to national dietary guidelines (Dietary Reference Intakes and Canada's Food Guide). Mean and median nutrient and food group intakes were calculated with corresponding measures of variability. Chi-square tests compared percentage of respondents not meeting key nutrients and food groups. Significant differences in percentage of total servings for each food group were determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test, and differences between different caloric groups were assessed using Dunn's test for post-hoc comparisons. RESULTS: Half of study respondents were female (50.5%). Median energy intake was higher in males (2281 kcal) compared with females (1662 kcal), with macronutrient distribution of 52%, 16%, and 32% for carbohydrates, protein, and fats respectively. Most participants consumed inadequate fibre (94%), vitamin D (90%), and calcium (73%), while median sodium intakes exceeded recommendations for males but not females. A majority of participants did not meet Health Canada's recommendations for food group servings: Vegetables and Fruit (93%), Milk and Alternatives (74%), Meat and Alternatives (57%) and Grain Products (43%). Other Foods, including sugar sweetened beverages and juice, were consumed by most participants. Higher energy consumers had a greater proportion of food servings coming from Other Foods. 72.1% of students were classified as having a healthy weight and 25% were classified as overweight or obese. CONCLUSION Poor dietary intakes and body mass index values indicate an urgent need for policy and program strategies to support healthy eating habits and food awareness in Manitoba youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Slater
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Bhanu Pilli
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Aynslie Hinds
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Marcelo L Urquia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | | | - Chris Green
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 1E2, Canada
| | - Jaime Cidro
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Dan Chateau
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada
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Asif M, Aslam M, Mazhar I, Ali H, Ismail T, Matłosz P, Wyszyńska J. Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12630. [PMID: 36231930 PMCID: PMC9566739 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) curves are widely used for detecting children with stunting. The aim of this study was to provide smoothed HAZ growth reference values and their curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2-18 years. The prevalence of stunting in Pakistani children was determined. A total of 10,668 healthy Pakistani participants were included. Information related to age, sex, city of residence and height (cm) was used. Age- and sex-specific smoothed HAZ growth reference values and associated graphs were obtained using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. The prevalence of stunting was calculated by applying WHO 2007 and USCDC 2000 height-for-age references and local reference of the study population. In both sexes, the smoothed HAZ curves increased with age. For 2 and 3 years of age, the height values of the girls were greater than those of the boys. The boys were then taller than the girls. Comparing our median height (z = 0) growth reference data from WHO, USCDC and corresponding data from other countries, Pakistani children and adolescents have significantly different reference values than their counterparts in the reference group. A marked overestimation of the prevalence of stunting was observed (10.8% and 17.9% according to WHO and USCDC, respectively) compared to the local reference (3.0%). It is recommended that the prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents is determined by applying local height growth references to plan health strategies and treatments in the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Statistics, Government Associate College, Qadir Pur Raan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Mazhar
- Department of Preventive Pediatrics, The Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Ali
- Department of Biology, Government Associate College, Qadir Pur Raan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Piotr Matłosz
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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BELCARO G, CESARONE MR, HU S, HOSOI M, LEDDA A, FERAGALLI B, SAGGINO A, COTELLESE R. Pycnogenol® supplementation alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosurg Sci 2022; 66:371-377. [DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jia C, Lv X, Liu T, Yang L, Chen H. The Association between Dietary Vitamin C Intake and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: An Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3479-3491. [PMID: 35703897 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2088813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although some epidemiological studies have reported the associations between vitamin C and risk of esophageal cancer, these results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis to explore the associations between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer. We used PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science to screen all published articles, which yielded 18 papers eligible for data extraction (involving 4,126 cases and 36,902 controls), and then pooled the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects model. As we detected the associations in highest category and the lowest type of dietary vitamin C intake, we discovered that dietary vitamin C intake was negatively correlated to the risk of esophageal cancer. The analysis of subgroup showed a significant counter proportion between vitamin C and the risk of ESCC and EAC. Moreover, the dose-analysis indicated that if increasing dietary intake of vitamin C of 50 mg/day, esophageal cancer risk dropped down 10% (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.75-0.87). In summary, our study provides a comprehensive and updated epidemiological evidence to elucidate the relationships between dietary vitamin C and reduction of esophageal cancer risk. Nevertheless, we still need larger case-control and cohort studies to confirm these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Ashraf W, Rehman A, Ahmad MUD, Rabbani M, Mushtaq MH, Aamir K, Xue KS, Wang JS. Assessment of aflatoxin B 1-lysine adduct in children and its effect on child growth in Lahore, Pakistan. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1463-1473. [PMID: 35652855 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2080871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is an important toxic food contaminant and there is very little information available about its exposure and effects on the health of the Pakistani population. Therefore, children (n = 238) aged 1-11 years were recruited in this study to estimate the levels of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct and to measure its adverse effects on growth. Blood samples were analyzed to detect AFB1-lysine adducts through high-performance liquid chromatography. Socio-demographic information and anthropometry measurements were also obtained. All participants had detectable levels of AFB1-lysine adduct with a median concentration of 10.66 pg/mg albumin (95% CI: 8.6-12.4). Differences in area of residence (p < 0.05) and the father's employment (p < 0.05) were significant predictors for aflatoxin concentration levels in ordinary least square and quantile regression models (residence in 75th quantile and father employment in 90th quantile). Children aged from 5 to 11 years in the 5th and 90th quantiles of the regression model had a significant association with aflatoxin levels. A very high (50.4%, 120/238) prevalence of growth impairment (stunting, wasting, and underweight) was also observed in this study. Although we couldn't establish the effect of aflatoxin on growth impairment, children with low serum albumin levels (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05-0.56; p = 0.004) were likely to be at risk of wasting. Also, low birth weight was strongly associated with wasting (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.36-7.03; p = 0.006) and underweight (OR = 4.60; 95% CI: 2.21-10.05; p= <0.001), while the mother's school level education had a correlation with child stunting (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.07-3.22; p = 0.029). The high prevalence of growth impairment and high concentration of serum AFB1-lysine adduct levels in study participants demand immediate efforts to mitigate the adverse health outcomes in children in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseela Ashraf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansur-Ud-Din Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masood Rabbani
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Aamir
- Department of Preventive Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kathy S Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Structural and functional neuroimaging of the effects of the gut microbiome. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3683-3692. [PMID: 35029734 PMCID: PMC9124675 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system profoundly influence brain structure and function. Over the past 15 years, intense research efforts have uncovered the significant association between gut microbial dysbiosis and neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders; however, our understanding of the effect of gut microbiota on quantitative neuroimaging measures of brain microstructure and function remains limited. Many current gut microbiome studies specifically focus on discovering correlations between specific microbes and neurologic disease states that, while important, leave critical mechanistic questions unanswered. To address this significant gap in knowledge, quantitative structural and functional brain imaging has emerged as a vital bridge and as the next step in understanding how the gut microbiome influences the brain. In this review, we examine the current state-of-the-art, raise awareness of this important topic, and aim to highlight immense new opportunities-in both research and clinical imaging-for the imaging community in this emerging field of study. Our review also highlights the potential for preclinical imaging of germ-free and gnotobiotic models to significantly advance our understanding of the causal mechanisms by which the gut microbiome alters neural microstructure and function. KEY POINTS: • Alterations to the gut microbiome can significantly influence brain structure and function in health and disease. • Quantitative neuroimaging can help elucidate the effect of gut microbiota on the brain and with future translational advances, neuroimaging will be critical for both diagnostic assessment and therapeutic monitoring.
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Vellinga RE, van Bakel M, Biesbroek S, Toxopeus IB, de Valk E, Hollander A, van 't Veer P, Temme EHM. Evaluation of foods, drinks and diets in the Netherlands according to the degree of processing for nutritional quality, environmental impact and food costs. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:877. [PMID: 35501799 PMCID: PMC9063197 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates nutritional quality, environmental impact and costs of foods and drinks and their consumption in daily diets according to the degree of processing across the Dutch population. DESIGN The NOVA classification was used to classify the degree of processing (ultra-processed foods (UPF) and ultra-processed drinks (UPD)). Food consumption data were derived from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012-2016. Indicators assessed were nutritional quality (saturated fatty acids (SFA), sodium, mono and disaccharides (sugar), fibre and protein), environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and blue water use) and food costs. SETTING The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Four thousand three hundred thirteen Dutch participants aged 1 to 79 years. RESULTS Per 100 g, UPF were more energy-dense and less healthy than unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPF); UPF were associated with higher GHG emissions and lower blue water use, and were cheaper. The energy and sugar content of UPD were similar to those of unprocessed or minimally processed drinks (MPD); associated with similar GHG emissions but blue water use was less, and they were also more expensive. In the average Dutch diet, per 2000 kcal, ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPFD) covered 29% (456 g UPF and 437 g UPD) of daily consumption and 61% of energy intake. UPFD consumption was higher among children than adults, especially for UPD. UPFD consumption determined 45% of GHG emissions, 23% of blue water use and 39% of expenses for daily food consumption. UPFD consumption contributed 54% to 72% to daily sodium, sugar and SFA intake. CONCLUSIONS Compared with unprocessed or minimally processed foods and drinks, UPF and UPD were found to be less healthy considering their high energy, SFA, sugar and sodium content. However, UPF were associated higher GHG emissions and with less blue water use and food costs. Therefore daily blue water use and food costs might increase if UPF are replaced by those unprocessed or minimally processed. As nutritional quality, environmental impacts and food costs relate differently to the NOVA classification, the classification is not directly applicable to identify win-win-wins of nutritional quality, environmental impact and costs of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina E Vellinga
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke van Bakel
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Biesbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido B Toxopeus
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Elias de Valk
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Hollander
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van 't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M Temme
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
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Moludi J, Tandorost A, Kamari N, Abdollahzad H, Pakzad R, Najafi F, Pasdar Y. Dietary total antioxidant capacity and its association with renal function and kidney stones: Results of a RaNCD cohort study. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1442-1450. [PMID: 35592299 PMCID: PMC9094466 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to support the hypothesis that dietary antioxidants have shown protective effects against chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), renal function, and development of CKD and kidney stones in Ravansar Non‐Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study, Kermanshah, Iran. This cross‐sectional study was conducted using the recruitment baseline data of the RaNCD cohort study on 9,777 individuals aged 35–65 years. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was performed to assess diet. DTAC scores were calculated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of selected foods. Renal function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine concentration. Prevalent CKD was based on an eGFR less than <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Incidence of kidney stones was also assessed by self‐reporting. Out of 9,777 participants, 1,747 subjects (eGFR: 18.50 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.72–19.30) had CKD. The mean DTAC score in this study was 0.24 ± 0.16 µmol TE/100 g (micromole of Trolox Equivalents). We showed a significant trend for eGFR across quartiles of DTAC, i.e., participants in the fourth quartile had a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than those in the first one (DTAC Q4 vs Q1 = 82.20 versus 72.20 ml/min per 1.73 m2, p < .001). Another finding is that high DTAC scores were not associated with having kidney stones after adjusting for confounders. We revealed that higher DTAC scores have positive effects on the renal function. Interestingly, our findings showed that a high DTAC score had nonsignificant correlation with odds of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Arash Tandorost
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Negin Kamari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Health Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Eyasu K, Gebremariam LW, Gebrearegay F, Hadush Z, Mulugeta A. Community food beliefs during pregnancy in rural kebeles of Ofla Woreda, Northern Ethiopia: an explorative qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:256. [PMID: 35346095 PMCID: PMC8958790 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary related misconceptions during pregnancy affect the heath of mothers and their growing babies. Misconceptions vary from place to place and from community to community. Understanding of a given community’s food perceptions during pregnancy helps policy makers able to design cultural appropriate interventions. In Ethiopia, however, evidences on food beliefs and perceptions during pregnancy are limited. Therefore, this study is aimed at qualitatively assessing community food beliefs during pregnancy in rural kebeles of Ofla Woreda, Northern Ethiopia. Methods We conducted 10 in-depth interviews (n = 10) and four focus group discussions (n = 32) among purposively selected community groups including pregnant mothers, religious leaders, and elders in rural kebeles of Ofla Woreda, Northern Ethiopia. Data were transcribed word-for-word, translated into English, and uploaded into ATLAST ti version 7.5.1.6. Data were analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis. Line-by-line coding was applied to identify codes; identified codes were categorized based on their similarities and differences and themes were developed inductively. Results Three main themes were identified inductively; foods positively and negatively linked with pregnancy; perceived benefits and harms of alcoholic drinks during pregnancy; and religion and fasting. In this study, consumptions of animal source foods such as egg were discouraged because such foods were perceived to increase the risk of having big baby that could delay delivery. However, intakes of locally produced alcoholic drinks during pregnancy were encouraged by the local community. Furthermore, avoidance of animal source foods and meal skipping during religious fasting-periods were also common practices among pregnant mothers in the study area. Conclusions This study explored misconceptions on food intakes during pregnancy. Positive attitude towards intake of “soft” alcoholic drinks might result in alcohol related teratogenic effects. Restriction on the intakes of nutrient rich diets due to religious fasting and other misconceptions would lead to insufficient nutrient intake both to the mothers and their growing fetus. Culturally appropriate intervention to improve awareness on healthy dietary intake during pregnancy is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04593-3.
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17
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Gaston RT, Habyarimana F, Ramroop S. Joint modelling of anaemia and stunting in children less than five years of age in Lesotho: a cross-sectional case study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:285. [PMID: 35148690 PMCID: PMC8840695 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia and stunting remain jointly a serious health issue worldwide especially in developing countries. In Lesotho, their prevalence is high, particularly among children less than 5 years of age. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine the association between anaemia and stunting, and identify factors relating to both conditions among children younger than 5 years in Lesotho. METHODS This cross-sectional study used secondary data from 3112 children collected during the 2014 Lesotho Demographic Health Survey (LDHS). Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were adjusted for altitude and a level less than 11 g per deciliters (11 g/dl) was determined as the cutoff for being anaemic. A child with the height-for-age z score (HAZ) below minus two standard deviations (SD) was considered to have stunting. We linked factors relating to anaemia and stunting using a multivariate joint model under the scope of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). RESULTS The prevalence of anaemia and stunting in children younger than 5 years were 51% and 43% respectively. The multivariate results revealed a strong association between anaemia and stunting. In addition, maternal education, urban vs. rural residence, wealth index and childbirth weight significantly impacted childhood stunting or malnutrition, while having fever and/or diarrhoea was linked to anaemia. Lastly, age was shown to have a significant effect on both stunting and anaemia. CONCLUSION Anaemia and stunting or malnutrition showed linked longitudinal trajectories, suggesting both conditions could lead to synergetic improvements in overall child health. Demographic, socio-economic, and geographical characteristics were also important drivers of stunting and anaemia in children younger than 5 years. Thus, children living in similar resources settings as Lesotho could benefit from coordinated programs designed to address both malnutrition and anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugiranka Tony Gaston
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg CampusScottsville, 3209, South Africa. .,Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X01, Westville, 3629, South Africa.
| | - Faustin Habyarimana
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg CampusScottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Shaun Ramroop
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg CampusScottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Komanduri M, Savage K, Lea A, McPhee G, Nolidin K, Deleuil S, Stough C, Gondalia S. The Relationship between Gut Microbiome and Cognition in Older Australians. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010064. [PMID: 35010939 PMCID: PMC8746300 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in biological processes, including reductions in cognitive functions and gut microbiome diversity. However, not much is known about the relationship between cognition and the microbiome with increasing age. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognition in 69 healthy participants aged 60–75 years. The gut microbiome was analysed with the 16S rRNA sequencing method. The cognitive assessment included the Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment battery, which produced five cognitive factors corresponding to ‘Quality of Episodic Secondary Memory’, ‘Quality of Working Memory’, ‘Continuity of Attention, ‘Speed of Memory’ and ‘Power of Concentration’. Multiple linear regression showed that the bacterial family Carnobacteriaceae explained 9% of the variance in predicting Quality of Episodic Secondary Memory. Alcaligenaceae and Clostridiaceae explained 15% of the variance in predicting Quality of Working Memory; Bacteroidaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Rikenellaceae and Gemellaceae explained 11% of the variance in Power of Concentration. The present study provides specific evidence of a relationship between specific families of bacteria and different domains of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudhula Komanduri
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Ana Lea
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Grace McPhee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Karen Nolidin
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Saurenne Deleuil
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shakuntla Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (K.S.); (A.L.); (G.M.); (K.N.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (S.G.)
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Precision Health Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Sadovoy V, Shchedrina T, Trubina I, Morgunova A, Franko E. Cooked sausage enriched with essential nutrients for the gastrointestinal diet. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-2-345-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. People with gastrointestinal disorders should have a sparing diet with a balanced chemical and amino acid composition including all essential components. Based on formulations of meat products, we identified a number of essential nutritional components that could improve the diet for gastrointestinal pathologies. In this study, we aimed to develop a formulation for cooked sausage enriched with deficient essential nutrients.
Study objects and methods. Our study object was cooked sausage. First, we analyzed the diet for people with gastrointestinal disorders. Then, we formulated a meat-based product (cooked sausage), determined its chemical and amino acid compositions, as well as vitamin and mineral contents, and assessed the balance of amino acids. Finally, we evaluated the biological value and safety of the formulated sausage on laboratory mice.
Results and discussion. The chemical and amino acid compositions of a daily gastrointestinal diet in medical institutions revealed a deficiency of some water-soluble vitamins, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, and iron, as well as an imbalance of amino acids. To replenish the deficiency, we formulated a meat-based product composed of trimmed beef and pork, beef liver, egg mix, food gelatin, chitosan succinate, rice flour, and soy fortifier. The product was classified as a meat and cereal cooked sausage of grade B, in which most amino acids were used for anabolic purposes. Its daily portion of 100 g eliminated the deficiency of potassium and iron, almost completely replenished magnesium, calcium, and vitamin A, as well as reduced the deficiency of dietary fiber by 4.8 g. The cytological studies of the blood of laboratory animals, whose basic diet contained the formulated sausage, proved its high biological value and safety.
Conclusion. We found that the formulated meat and cereal sausage can be included in the diet for patients with gastrointestinal diseases and used in medical institutions to eliminate the deficiency of essential nutrients.
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The diversity and composition of the human gut lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial microbiota vary depending on age. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8427-8440. [PMID: 34625821 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gut microbiota alterations, characterized by changes in intestinal microbial diversity and composition. However, no study has yet focused on investigating age-related changes in the low-abundant but potentially beneficial subpopulations of gut lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium. Our study found that the subjects' age correlated negatively with the alpha diversity of the gut bifidobacterial microbiota, and such correlation was not observed in the gut LAB subpopulation. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of distribution of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed that the structure and composition of the gut bifidobacterial subpopulation of the longevous elderly group were rather different from that of the other three age groups. The same analyses were applied to identify age-dependent characteristics of the gut LAB subpopulation, and the results revealed that the gut LAB subpopulation of young adults was significantly different from that of all three elderly groups. Our study identified several potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum) that were enriched in the longevous elderly group (P < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis decreased significantly with the increase in age (P < 0.05). Although both bifidobacteria and LAB are generally considered as health-promoting taxa, their age-dependent distribution varied from each other, suggesting their different life stage changes and potentially different functional roles. This study provided novel species-level gut bifidobacterial and LAB microbiota profiles of a large cohort of subjects and identified several age-or longevity-associated features and biomarkers. KEY POINTS: • The alpha diversity of the gut bifidobacterial microbiota decreased with age, while LAB did not change. • The structure and composition of the gut bifidobacterial subpopulation of the longevous elderly group were rather different from that of the other three age groups. • Several potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum) that were enriched in the longevous elderly group.
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Subermaniam K, Teoh SL, Yow YY, Tang YQ, Lim LW, Wong KH. Marine algae as emerging therapeutic alternatives for depression: A review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:997-1013. [PMID: 34804417 PMCID: PMC8591755 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54800.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a complex heterogeneous brain disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, resulting in psychomotor and cognitive disabilities and suicidal thoughts. Its prevalence has reached an alarming level affecting millions of people globally. Despite advances in current pharmacological treatments, the heterogenicity of clinical response and incidences of adverse effects have shifted research focus to identification of new natural substances with minimal or no adverse effects as therapeutic alternatives. Marine algae-derived extracts and their constituents are considered potential sources of secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial effects. Marine algae with enormous health benefits are emerging as a natural source for discovering new alternative antidepressants. Its medicinal properties exhibited shielding efficacy against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are indicated to underlie the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Marine algae have been found to ameliorate depressive-like symptoms and behaviors in preclinical and clinical studies by restoring monoaminergic neurotransmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, neuroplasticity, and continuous neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus via modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factors and antineuroinflammatory activity. Although antidepressant effects of marine algae have not been validated in comparison with currently available synthetic antidepressants, they have been reported to have effects on the pathophysiology of depression, thus suggesting their potential as novel antidepressants. In this review, we analyzed the currently available research on the potential benefits of marine algae on depression, including their effects on the pathophysiology of depression, potential clinical relevance of their antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical studies, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogilavani Subermaniam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Training Management Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62675 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yin Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Corresponding author: K.H. Wong, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +60379674729; Fax: +60379674724;
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22
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Simpson T, Kure C, Stough C. Assessing the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Pycnogenol ® on Cognitive Aging From In Vitro Animal and Human Studies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 31333448 PMCID: PMC6619435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex and multifactorial process broadly involving changes in the brain's structure, neuronal activity, and biochemical profile. These changes in brain function have also been linked to age-associated variations in cognitive function. Recent research has suggested a role of increased oxidative stress and reduced cognition in older people. Therefore, studies that examine the effects of antioxidants on cognitive performance are important, particularly in the context of an increase in elderly populations in most Western countries. One such antioxidant, Pycnogenol, is a standardized plant-based extract obtained from the bark of the French maritime pine and has a long historical use to treat inflammation and improve health. More recently, Pycnogenol has been subjected to more than 100 research trials. In vitro and animal studies using the standardized extract have indicated a multimodal action of Pycnogenol, and several human studies have shown improvements in cognitive function after chronic administration. In this paper, we review these studies in the context of understanding both biological and cognitive changes due to Pycnogenol and evaluate possibilities of Pycnogenol to improve neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Simpson
- Swinburne Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Johnstone AM, Donaldson AIC, Scott KP, Myint PK. The Ageing Gut–Brain study: Exploring the role of the gut microbiota in dementia. NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. I. C. Donaldson
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team Institute of Applied Health Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - K. P. Scott
- The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - P. K. Myint
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team Institute of Applied Health Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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24
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Peterson CT, Sharma V, Iablokov SN, Albayrak L, Khanipov K, Uchitel S, Chopra D, Mills PJ, Fofanov Y, Rodionov DA, Peterson SN. 16S rRNA gene profiling and genome reconstruction reveal community metabolic interactions and prebiotic potential of medicinal herbs used in neurodegenerative disease and as nootropics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213869. [PMID: 30889210 PMCID: PMC6424447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic potential of nervine herbal medicines has been scarcely studied. We therefore used anaerobic human fecal cultivation to investigate whether medicinal herbs commonly used as treatment in neurological health and disease in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine modulate gut microbiota. Profiling of fecal cultures supplemented with either Kapikacchu, Gotu Kola, Bacopa/Brahmi, Shankhapushpi, Boswellia/Frankincense, Jatamansi, Bhringaraj, Guduchi, Ashwagandha or Shatavari by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed profound changes in diverse taxa. Principal coordinate analysis highlights that each herb drives the formation of unique microbial communities predicted to display unique metabolic potential. The relative abundance of approximately one-third of the 243 enumerated species was altered by all herbs. Additional species were impacted in an herb-specific manner. In this study, we combine genome reconstruction of sugar utilization and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathways encoded in the genomes of 216 profiled taxa with monosaccharide composition analysis of each medicinal herb by quantitative mass spectrometry to enhance the interpretation of resulting microbial communities and discern potential drivers of microbiota restructuring. Collectively, our results indicate that gut microbiota engage in both protein and glycan catabolism, providing amino acid and sugar substrates that are consumed by fermentative species. We identified taxa that are efficient amino acid fermenters and those capable of both amino acid and sugar fermentation. Herb-induced microbial communities are predicted to alter the relative abundance of taxa encoding SCFA (butyrate and propionate) pathways. Co-occurrence network analyses identified a large number of taxa pairs in medicinal herb cultures. Some of these pairs displayed related culture growth relationships in replicate cultures highlighting potential functional interactions among medicinal herb-induced taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tara Peterson
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stanislav N. Iablokov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Levent Albayrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Washington University, Department of Biology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deepak Chopra
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Chopra Foundation, Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Mills
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Fofanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott N. Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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