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Fogelholm M, Vepsäläinen H, Meinilä J, McRae C, Saarijärvi H, Erkkola M, Nevalainen J. The dynamics in food selection stemming from price awareness and perceived income adequacy: a cross-sectional study using 1-year loyalty card data. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1346-1353. [PMID: 38458401 PMCID: PMC11130695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher cost of healthy foods may explain unhealthy dietary patterns in lower-income households. Unfortunately, combining food selection and nutrient intake data to price and expenditure is challenging. Food retailer's customer loyalty card data, linked to nutrient composition database, is a novel method for simultaneous exploration of food purchases, price, and nutrition. OBJECTIVES We studied the associations between perceived income adequacy (PIA) as a grouping variable with price (per kilogram or megajoule) and the volume of purchases (percentage of expenditure or energy) simultaneously as outcome variables for 17 most purchased food groups. METHODS We used 1-year (2018) loyalty card data from the largest grocery chain in Finland. Participants were 28,783 loyalty cardholders who made ≥41% of food purchases from the retailer and answered an online questionnaire at the midpoint of data collection. The 5-level PIA described the perceived financial situation in the household. Energy and nutrient content of foods purchased were from the Finnish Food Composition Database Fineli. We calculated the Nutrient Rich Food Index per 100 g food using 11 nutrients. Trends in prices and expenditures between PIA levels were analyzed using 2-sided Jonckheere-Terpstra tests, with false discovery rate control (Benjamini-Hochberg method) and confounder adjustments (inverse probability weighting). RESULTS Lower PIA participants selected cheaper foods per kilogram and megajoule within most food groups. They also favored unhealthy food groups cheap in energy [<1 € (USD 1.18)/MJ]. Despite lower purchase price, the expenditure (%) among lower PIA was higher on alcohol, snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sweets and chocolates. CONCLUSIONS Participants with lower PIA showed stronger price awareness. It is crucial to consider the pricing of competing alternative food groups, when steering toward environmentally sustainable and healthier food purchases. Package labeling might also direct the selection of healthier choices among the less expensive items within a food group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jelena Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cameron McRae
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill Centre for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hannu Saarijärvi
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Vijewardane SC, Balasuriya A, Johnstone AM, Myint PK. Impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high body fat mass) in older people residing in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27064. [PMID: 38495202 PMCID: PMC10943336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To assess the impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high-fat mass) in older Sri Lankans. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, older people of 60 years or above were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique probability proportionate to the size. They were classified into 3 groups; 60-64, 65-69 and > 70-years. The poor-quality dietary variety was defined based on food variety, dietary diversity and dietary serving scores assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Body composition was measured using bio-electrical impedance. The impact of age on determinants of poor-quality dietary variety and being at risk of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were assessed by using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Eight hundred older participants with a mean (SD) 68.1(5.8) years were included. There were 28.4%(n = 227), 36.2%(n = 290) and 35.4%(n = 283) in the 60-64, 65-69 and ≥ 70-year age groups, respectively. The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similar across age groups. The urban living environment, and getting nutritional advice from the GP/hospital were found to have a significant negative association only in the 60-64 age group. A poor-quality dietary variety was significantly associated with no education or up to the primary level in the 65-69 age group and having diabetes or hypertension in the ≥70-year group. Odds of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were 2.43(1.46-4.03) and 2.17(1.30-3.63) respectively among the≥70-year age group compared to the 60-64-year group, after controlling for confounders. Conclusions The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similarly high in all age groups. Increasing age was associated with higher odds of low body muscle and high body fat mass despite similar dietary variety, indicating the need for special dietary attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Chandrika Vijewardane
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK and Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
| | - Aindralal Balasuriya
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri Lanka
| | - Alexandra M. Johnstone
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Jenneson V, Greenwood DC, Clarke GP, Rains T, Tempest B, Shute B, Morris MA. Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation: the STRIDE study: validation against self-reported dietary intake. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2663-2676. [PMID: 37671553 PMCID: PMC10755395 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scalable methods are required for population dietary monitoring. The Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation (STRIDE) study compares dietary estimates from supermarket transactions with an online FFQ. DESIGN Participants were recruited in four waves, accounting for seasonal dietary variation. Purchases were collected for 1 year during and 1 year prior to the study. Bland-Altman agreement and limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated for energy, sugar, fat, saturated fat, protein and sodium (absolute and relative). SETTING This study was partnered with a large UK retailer. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 1788 participants from four UK regions were recruited from the retailer's loyalty card customer database, according to breadth and frequency of purchases. Six hundred and eighty-six participants were included for analysis. RESULTS The analysis sample were mostly female (72 %), with a mean age of 56 years (sd 13). The ratio of purchases to intakes varied depending on amounts purchased and consumed; purchases under-estimated intakes for smaller amounts on average, but over-estimated for larger amounts. For absolute measures, the LoA across households were wide, for example, for energy intake of 2000 kcal, purchases could under- or over-estimate intake by a factor of 5; values could be between 400 kcal and 10000 kcal. LoA for relative (energy-adjusted) estimates were smaller, for example, for 14 % of total energy from saturated fat, purchase estimates may be between 7 % and 27 %. CONCLUSIONS Agreement between purchases and intake was highly variable, strongest for smaller loyal households and for relative values. For some customers, relative nutrient purchases are a reasonable proxy for dietary composition indicating utility in population-level dietary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jenneson
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Level 11 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
- School of Geography, Seminary St, Woodhouse, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Level 11 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham P Clarke
- School of Geography, Seminary St, Woodhouse, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tim Rains
- Sainsbury’s Plc, 33 Holborn, LondonEC1n 2HT, UK
| | | | - Becky Shute
- Sainsbury’s Plc, 33 Holborn, LondonEC1n 2HT, UK
| | - Michelle A Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Level 11 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Beckett St, Harehills, LeedsLS9 7TF, UK
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Sandall A, Smith L, Svensen E, Whelan K. Emulsifiers in ultra-processed foods in the UK food supply. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2256-2270. [PMID: 37732384 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultra-processed foods (UPF), including those containing food additive emulsifiers, have received research attention due to evidence implicating them in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. The aims of this research were to develop a large-scale, brand-level database of UPF in the UK food supply and to characterise the occurrence and co-occurrence of food additive emulsifiers. DESIGN A database was compiled sampling all products from the food categories contributing to energy intake from UPF in the UK from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2014). Every food in these categories were identified from online supermarket provision from the 'big four' supermarkets that dominate the market share in the UK, comprising Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda and Morrisons. SETTING Major supermarkets in the UK. RESULTS A total of 32 719 food products in the UK supermarket food supply were returned in searches. Of these, 12 844 products were eligible and manually reviewed for the presence of emulsifiers. Emulsifiers were present in 6642 (51·7 %) food products. Emulsifiers were contained in 95·0 % of 'Pastries, buns and cakes', 81·9 % of 'Milk-based drinks', 81·0 % of 'Industrial desserts' and 77·5 % of 'Confectionary'. Fifty-one per cent of all emulsifier-containing foods contained multiple emulsifiers. Across emulsifier-containing foods, there were a median of two emulsifiers (IQR 2) per product. The five most common emulsifiers were lecithin (23·4 % of all products), mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (14·5 %), diphosphates (11·6 %), and xanthan gum and pectin (8·0 %). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study are the first to demonstrate the widespread occurrence and co-occurrence of emulsifiers in UPF in the UK food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Sandall
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Leanne Smith
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Erika Svensen
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Hirst Y, Stoffel ST, Brewer HR, Timotijevic L, Raats MM, Flanagan JM. Understanding Public Attitudes and Willingness to Share Commercial Data for Health Research: Survey Study in the United Kingdom. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e40814. [PMID: 36951929 PMCID: PMC10131900 DOI: 10.2196/40814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health research using commercial data is increasing. The evidence on public acceptability and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals willing to share commercial data for health research is scarce. OBJECTIVE This survey study investigates the willingness to share commercial data for health research in the United Kingdom with 3 different organizations (government, private, and academic institutions), 5 different data types (internet, shopping, wearable devices, smartphones, and social media), and 10 different invitation methods to recruit participants for research studies with a focus on sociodemographic characteristics and psychological predictors. METHODS We conducted a web-based survey using quota sampling based on age distribution in the United Kingdom in July 2020 (N=1534). Chi-squared tests tested differences by sociodemographic characteristics, and adjusted ordered logistic regressions tested associations with trust, perceived importance of privacy, worry about data misuse and perceived risks, and perceived benefits of data sharing. The results are shown as percentages, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% CIs. RESULTS Overall, 61.1% (937/1534) of participants were willing to share their data with the government and 61% (936/1534) of participants were willing to share their data with academic research institutions compared with 43.1% (661/1534) who were willing to share their data with private organizations. The willingness to share varied between specific types of data-51.8% (794/1534) for loyalty cards, 35.2% (540/1534) for internet search history, 32% (491/1534) for smartphone data, 31.8% (488/1534) for wearable device data, and 30.4% (467/1534) for social media data. Increasing age was consistently and negatively associated with all the outcomes. Trust was positively associated with willingness to share commercial data, whereas worry about data misuse and the perceived importance of privacy were negatively associated with willingness to share commercial data. The perceived risk of sharing data was positively associated with willingness to share when the participants considered all the specific data types but not with the organizations. The participants favored postal research invitations over digital research invitations. CONCLUSIONS This UK-based survey study shows that willingness to share commercial data for health research varies; however, researchers should focus on effectively communicating their data practices to minimize concerns about data misuse and improve public trust in data science. The results of this study can be further used as a guide to consider methods to improve recruitment strategies in health-related research and to improve response rates and participant retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Hirst
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandro T Stoffel
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah R Brewer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lada Timotijevic
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Institute for People-Centred Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique M Raats
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Institute for People-Centred Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - James M Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Clegg ME, Methven L, Lanham-New SA, Green MA, Duggal NA, Hetherington MM. The Food4Years Ageing Network: Improving foods and diets as a strategy for supporting quality of life, independence and healthspan in older adults. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:124-133. [PMID: 36718711 PMCID: PMC10946951 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
By 2050, it is predicted that one in four people in the United Kingdom will be aged 65 years and over. Increases in lifespan are not always translated into years spent in good health. Incidence rates for chronic diseases are increasing, with treatments allowing people to live longer with their disease. There is good evidence to support changes to lifestyle to maintain or improve body composition, cognitive health, musculoskeletal health, immune function and vascular health in older adults. Much research has been done in this area, which has produced significant support for foods and nutrients that contribute to improved healthspan. Yet two major barriers remain: firstly, older adult consumers are not meeting current UK recommendations for macro- and micronutrients that could benefit health and quality of life and secondly, the UK-specific recommendations may not be sufficient to support the ageing population, particularly for nutrients with key physiological roles. More work is needed to improve intakes of specific foods, diets and nutrients by older adults, through a variety of mechanisms including (i) development of specific food products; (ii) improved clarity of information and (iii) appropriate marketing, and policy changes to enable incentives. The Food4Years Ageing Network aims to build a wide-reaching and multidisciplinary community that is committed to the development, integration and communication of healthy, affordable foods and specific diets for all older adults across the UK food landscape. The Network will identify evidence-based strategies for improving food intake and nutrition in older adults, paving the way to "living well while living longer."
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Clegg
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Mark A Green
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Brewer HR, Hirst Y, Chadeau-Hyam M, Johnson E, Sundar S, Flanagan JM. Association Between Purchase of Over-the-Counter Medications and Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis in the Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS): Observational Case-Control Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e41762. [PMID: 36701184 PMCID: PMC9912145 DOI: 10.2196/41762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are frequently used to self-care for nonspecific ovarian cancer symptoms prior to diagnosis. Monitoring such purchases may provide an opportunity for earlier diagnosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS) was to investigate purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis in women with and without ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom using loyalty card data. METHODS An observational case-control study was performed comparing purchases of OTC pain and indigestion medications prior to diagnosis in women with (n=153) and without (n=120) ovarian cancer using loyalty card data from two UK-based high street retailers. Monthly purchases of pain and indigestion medications for cases and controls were compared using the Fisher exact test, conditional logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Pain and indigestion medication purchases were increased among cases 8 months before diagnosis, with maximum discrimination between cases and controls 8 months before diagnosis (Fisher exact odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 2.1-4.1). An increase in indigestion medication purchases was detected up to 9 months before diagnosis (adjusted conditional logistic regression OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04-1.83). The ROC analysis for indigestion medication purchases showed a maximum area under the curve (AUC) at 13 months before diagnosis (AUC=0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.73), which further improved when stratified to late-stage ovarian cancer (AUC=0.68, 95% CI 0.59-0.78). CONCLUSIONS There is a difference in purchases of pain and indigestion medications among women with and without ovarian cancer up to 8 months before diagnosis. Facilitating earlier presentation among those who self-care for symptoms using this novel data source could improve ovarian cancer patients' options for treatment and improve survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994653; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03994653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Brewer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasemin Hirst
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Johnson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sudha Sundar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James M Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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de la Iglesia R, García-González Á, Achón M, Varela-Moreiras G, Alonso Aperte E. Fish, Seafood, and Fish Products Purchasing Habits in the Spanish Population during COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11624. [PMID: 36141898 PMCID: PMC9517324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern in which fish consumption is an important key element. In Spain, fish intake is the second highest in Europe. Dietary guidelines recommend an intake of 1-3 portions a week of fish. However, Spanish fish sales have been decreasing since 2008. The unexpected pandemic spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 led the Spanish Government to take restrictive measures that had an impact on people's behavior, including food purchases and consumption. The aim of the study was to analyze purchase data of fish, seafood, and fish products during the lockdown in Spain, using data from loyalty card holders (>5,000,000 participants) from a hypermarket chain in Spain. The results show a 45% increase in the purchase of all types of fish, seafood, and fish products, with the highest increment observed in the retiree (+65 years) as compared to the younger populations. Moreover, the retiree, in spite of the digital divide, were also the ones that most increased online shopping. These data should be considered since events like COVID-19 confinement can have a permanent impact on people's dietary habits, a possibility that should be monitored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío de la Iglesia
- Research Group “Alimentación y Nutrición en la Promoción de la Salud (Food and Nutrition in Health Promotion (CEU-NutriFOOD))”, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ángela García-González
- Research Group “Alimentación y Nutrición en la Promoción de la Salud (Food and Nutrition in Health Promotion (CEU-NutriFOOD))”, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María Achón
- Research Group “Alimentación y Nutrición en la Promoción de la Salud (Food and Nutrition in Health Promotion (CEU-NutriFOOD))”, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Research Group “Nutrición para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Elena Alonso Aperte
- Research Group “Alimentación y Nutrición en la Promoción de la Salud (Food and Nutrition in Health Promotion (CEU-NutriFOOD))”, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Dolan EH, Shiells K, Goulding J, Skatova A. Public attitudes towards sharing loyalty card data for academic health research: a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:58. [PMID: 35672737 PMCID: PMC9171733 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies show the potential of loyalty card data for use in health research. However, research into public perceptions of using this data is limited. This study aimed to investigate public attitudes towards donating loyalty card data for academic health research, and the safeguards the public would want to see implemented. The way in which participant attitudes varied according to whether loyalty card data would be used for either cancer or COVID-19 research was also examined. METHODS Participants (N = 40) were recruited via Prolific Academic to take part in semi-structured telephone interviews, with questions focused on data sharing related to either COVID-19 or ovarian/bowel cancer as the proposed health condition to be researched. Content analysis was used to identify sub-themes corresponding to the two a priori themes, attitudes and safeguards. RESULTS Participant attitudes were found to fall into two categories, either rational or emotional. Under rational, most participants were in favour of sharing loyalty card data. Support of health research was seen as an important reason to donate such data, with loyalty card logs being considered as already within the public domain. With increased understanding of research purpose, participants expressed higher willingness to donate data. Within the emotional category, participants shared fears about revealing location information and of third parties obtaining their data. With regards to safeguards, participants described the importance of anonymisation and the level of data detail; the control, convenience and choice they desired in sharing data; and the need for transparency and data security. The change in hypothetical purpose of the data sharing, from Covid-19 to cancer research, had no impact on participants' decision to donate, although did affect their understanding of how loyalty card data could be used. CONCLUSIONS Based on interviews with the public, this study contributes recommendations for those researchers and the wider policy community seeking to obtain loyalty card data for health research. Whilst participants were largely in favour of donating loyalty card data for academic health research, information, choice and appropriate safeguards are all exposed as prerequisites upon which decisions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Dolan
- N/LAB, Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Si Yuan Building, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK.
| | - Kate Shiells
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - James Goulding
- N/LAB, Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Si Yuan Building, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Anya Skatova
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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Couch SC, Helsley RN, Siegel FU, Saelens BE, Magazine M, Eckman MH, Summer S, Fenchel M, King EC, Bhatt DL, Steen DL. Design and rationale for the supermarket and web-based intervention targeting nutrition (SuperWIN) for cardiovascular risk reduction trial. Am Heart J 2022; 248:21-34. [PMID: 35218725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing largely due to suboptimal dietary habits. It is not known whether individualized, supermarket-based, nutrition education delivered by registered dietitians, utilizing the advantages of the in-store and online environments, and electronically collected purchasing data, can increase dietary quality. METHODS AND RESULTS The supermarket and web-based intervention targeting nutrition (SuperWIN) for cardiovascular risk reduction trial is a randomized, controlled dietary intervention study. Adults identified from a primary care network with 1 or more risk factors were randomized at their preferred store to: (1) standard of care plus individualized, point- of-purchase nutrition education; (2) standard of care plus individualized, point- of-purchase nutrition education enhanced with online shopping technologies and training; or (3) standard of care alone. Educational sessions within each store's clinic and aisles, emphasized the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. The primary assessment was an intention-to-treat comparison on the effects of the dietary interventions on mean change in DASH score (90-point range) from baseline to 3 months (post-intervention). Additional outcomes included blood pressure, lipids, weight, purchasing behavior, food literacy, and intervention feedback. Between April 2019 to February 2021, 267 participants were randomized (20 excluded due to coronavirus disease pandemic). Median age was 58 years, 69% were female, 64% had a college degree, 53% worked full-time, 64% were obese, 73% were treated with blood pressure and 42% with cholesterol medications, and most had low-to-moderate diet quality. CONCLUSION The SuperWIN trial was designed to provide a rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of 2 novel, comprehensive, supermarket-based dietary intervention programs.
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11
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Piernas C, Harmer G, Jebb SA. Removing seasonal confectionery from prominent store locations and purchasing behaviour within a major UK supermarket: Evaluation of a nonrandomised controlled intervention study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003951. [PMID: 35324903 PMCID: PMC8946674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of energy from free sugars and saturated fat currently exceeds the UK-recommended intake across all age groups. Recognising the limits of reformulation programmes, the government in England has announced their intention to introduce legislation to restrict the promotion of foods high in free sugars, salt, and saturated fats in prominent store locations. Here, we evaluated a grocery store intervention to remove seasonal confectionery from prominent locations within a major UK supermarket. METHODS AND FINDINGS A nonrandomised controlled intervention study with interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used. Data were analysed from 34 intervention stores located in 2 London boroughs and 151 matched control stores located elsewhere in the UK owned by the same retailer. Stores were matched based on store size and overall sales during the previous year. Between 15 February 2019 and 3 April 2019 (before Easter), stores removed free-standing promotional display units of seasonal confectionery from prominent areas, although these products were available for purchase elsewhere in the store. Store-level weekly sales (units, weight (g), and value (£)) of seasonal chocolate confectionery products were used in primary analyses, with data from 1 January 2018 to 24 November 2019. Secondary outcomes included total energy, fat, saturated fat, and sugars from all in-store purchases. Multivariable hierarchical models were used to investigate pre/post differences in weekly sales of confectionery in intervention versus control stores. ITS analyses were used to evaluate differences in level and trends after intervention implementation. Over a preintervention baseline period (15 February 2018 to 3 April 2018), there were no significant differences in sales (units, weight, and value) of all chocolate confectionery between intervention versus control stores. After intervention implementation, there was an attenuation in the seasonal increase of confectionery sales (units) in intervention stores compared to control (+5% versus +18%; P < 0.001), with similar effects on weight (g) (+12% versus +31%; P < 0.001) and value (£) (-3% versus +10%; P < 0.001). ITS analyses generally showed statistically significant differences in the level at the point of intervention (P ranges 0.010 to 0.067) but also in the trend afterwards (P ranges 0.024 to 0.053), indicating that the initial difference between intervention and control stores reduced over time. There was a significant difference in level change in total energy sold, adjusted for the total weight of food and drink (kcal/g, P = 0.002), and total fat (fat/g) (P = 0.023), but no significant changes in saturated fat or sugars from total sales in ITS models. There was no evidence that the main results varied across store deprivation index. The limitations of this study include the lack of randomisation, residual confounding from unmeasured variables, absolute differences in trends and sales between intervention versus control stores, and no independent measures of intervention fidelity. CONCLUSIONS Removal of chocolate confectionery from prominent locations was associated with reduced purchases of these products, of sufficient magnitude to observe a reduction in the energy content of total food purchases. These results from a "real-world" intervention provide promising evidence that the proposed legislation in England to restrict promotions of less healthy items in prominent locations may help reduce overconsumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://osf.io/br96f/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgina Harmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Piernas C, Harmer G, Jebb SA. Testing availability, positioning, promotions, and signage of healthier food options and purchasing behaviour within major UK supermarkets: Evaluation of 6 nonrandomised controlled intervention studies. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003952. [PMID: 35324919 PMCID: PMC8946731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Governments are increasingly looking for policies to change supermarket environments to support healthier food purchasing. We evaluated 6 interventions within major United Kingdom grocery stores, including availability, positioning, promotions, and signage strategies to encourage selection of healthier products. METHODS AND FINDINGS Nonrandomised controlled study designs were used, except for one intervention that was rolled out nationwide using a pre/post within-store design. Store-level weekly sales (units, weight (g), and value (£)) of products targeted in the interventions were used in primary analyses using multivariable hierarchical models and interrupted time series (ITS) analyses. Stocking low fat chips next to regular chips was associated with decreases in sales of regular chips (units) in intervention versus control stores (-23% versus -4%; P = 0.001) with a significant level change in ITS models (P = 0.001). Increasing availability of lower energy packs of biscuits was associated with increased sales but reduced sales of regular biscuits in intervention versus control stores (lower energy biscuits +18% versus -2%; P = 0.245; regular biscuits -4% versus +7%; P = 0.386), although not significantly, though there was a significant level change in ITS models (P = 0.004 for regular biscuits). There was no evidence that a positioning intervention, placing higher fibre breakfast cereals at eye level was associated with increased sales of healthier cereal or reduced sales of regular cereal. A price promotion on seasonal fruits and vegetables showed no evidence of any greater increases in sales of items on promotion in intervention versus control stores (+10% versus +8%; P = 0.101) but a significant level change in ITS models (P < 0.001). A nationwide promotion using Disney characters was associated with increased sales of nonsugar baked beans (+54%) and selected fruits (+305%), with a significant level change in ITS models (P < 0.001 for both). Shelf labels to highlight lower sugar beverages showed no evidence of changes in purchasing of lower or higher sugar drinks. These were all retailer-led interventions that present limitations regarding the lack of randomisation, residual confounding from unmeasured variables, absolute differences in trends and sales between intervention versus control stores, and no independent measures of intervention fidelity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing availability and promotions of healthier alternatives in grocery stores may be promising interventions to encourage purchasing of healthier products instead of less healthy ones. There was no evidence that altering positioning within an aisle or adding shelf edge labelling is associated with changes in purchasing behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://osf.io/br96f/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgina Harmer
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Jenneson V, Clarke GP, Greenwood DC, Shute B, Tempest B, Rains T, Morris MA. Exploring the Geographic Variation in Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Behaviour Using Supermarket Transaction Data. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010177. [PMID: 35011053 PMCID: PMC8747042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of dietary inequalities is well-known. Dietary behaviours are impacted by the food environment and are thus likely to follow a spatial pattern. Using 12 months of transaction records for around 50,000 ‘primary’ supermarket loyalty card holders, this study explores fruit and vegetable purchasing at the neighbourhood level across the city of Leeds, England. Determinants of small-area-level fruit and vegetable purchasing were identified using multiple linear regression. Results show that fruit and vegetable purchasing is spatially clustered. Areas purchasing fewer fruit and vegetable portions typically had younger residents, were less affluent, and spent less per month with the retailer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jenneson
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.G.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.G.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Becky Shute
- Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd., Holborn, London EC1N 2HT, UK; (B.S.); (B.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Bethan Tempest
- Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd., Holborn, London EC1N 2HT, UK; (B.S.); (B.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Tim Rains
- Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd., Holborn, London EC1N 2HT, UK; (B.S.); (B.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Michelle A. Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.C.G.); (M.A.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Jenneson VL, Pontin F, Greenwood DC, Clarke GP, Morris MA. A systematic review of supermarket automated electronic sales data for population dietary surveillance. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1711-1722. [PMID: 34757399 PMCID: PMC9086796 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Most dietary assessment methods are limited by self-report biases, how long they take for participants to complete, and cost of time for dietitians to extract content. Electronically recorded, supermarket-obtained transactions are an objective measure of food purchases, with reduced bias and improved timeliness and scale. Objective The use, breadth, context, and utility of electronic purchase records for dietary research is assessed and discussed in this systematic review. Data sources Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health) were searched. Included studies used electronically recorded supermarket transactions to investigate the diet of healthy, free-living adults. Data extraction Searches identified 3422 articles, of which 145 full texts were retrieved and 72 met inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data analysis Purchase records were used in observational studies, policy evaluations, and experimental designs. Nutrition outcomes included dietary patterns, nutrients, and food category sales. Transactions were linked to nutrient data from retailers, commercial data sources, and national food composition databases. Conclusion Electronic sales data have the potential to transform dietary assessment and worldwide understanding of dietary behavior. Validation studies are warranted to understand limits to agreement and extrapolation to individual-level diets. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018103470
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Jenneson
- V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, D.C. Greenwood, and M.A. Morris are with the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, and G.P. Clarke are with the School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. D.C. Greenwood and M.A. Morris are with the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pontin
- V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, D.C. Greenwood, and M.A. Morris are with the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, and G.P. Clarke are with the School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. D.C. Greenwood and M.A. Morris are with the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, D.C. Greenwood, and M.A. Morris are with the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, and G.P. Clarke are with the School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. D.C. Greenwood and M.A. Morris are with the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P Clarke
- V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, D.C. Greenwood, and M.A. Morris are with the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, and G.P. Clarke are with the School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. D.C. Greenwood and M.A. Morris are with the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Morris
- V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, D.C. Greenwood, and M.A. Morris are with the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. V.L. Jenneson, F. Pontin, and G.P. Clarke are with the School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. D.C. Greenwood and M.A. Morris are with the School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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Clarke H, Clark S, Birkin M, Iles-Smith H, Glaser A, Morris MA. Understanding Barriers to Novel Data Linkages: Topic Modeling of the Results of the LifeInfo Survey. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24236. [PMID: 33998998 PMCID: PMC8167605 DOI: 10.2196/24236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel consumer and lifestyle data, such as those collected by supermarket loyalty cards or mobile phone exercise tracking apps, offer numerous benefits for researchers seeking to understand diet- and exercise-related risk factors for diseases. However, limited research has addressed public attitudes toward linking these data with individual health records for research purposes. Data linkage, combining data from multiple sources, provides the opportunity to enhance preexisting data sets to gain new insights. Objective The aim of this study is to identify key barriers to data linkage and recommend safeguards and procedures that would encourage individuals to share such data for potential future research. Methods The LifeInfo Survey consulted the public on their attitudes toward sharing consumer and lifestyle data for research purposes. Where barriers to data sharing existed, participants provided unstructured survey responses detailing what would make them more likely to share data for linkage with their health records in the future. The topic modeling technique latent Dirichlet allocation was used to analyze these textual responses to uncover common thematic topics within the texts. Results Participants provided responses related to sharing their store loyalty card data (n=2338) and health and fitness app data (n=1531). Key barriers to data sharing identified through topic modeling included data safety and security, personal privacy, requirements of further information, fear of data being accessed by others, problems with data accuracy, not understanding the reason for data linkage, and not using services that produce these data. We provide recommendations for addressing these issues to establish the best practice for future researchers interested in using these data. Conclusions This study formulates a large-scale consultation of public attitudes toward this kind of data linkage, which is an important first step in understanding and addressing barriers to participation in research using novel consumer and lifestyle data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Clarke
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Clark
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birkin
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Iles-Smith
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Glaser
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Johnstone AM, Brown A. MRC Hot Topic workshop report: Reshaping the food environment – applying interdisciplinary perspectives in appetite research. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Brown
- Centre for Obesity Research Department of Medicine University College London London UK
- National Institute of Health Research UCLH Biomedical Research Centre London UK
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17
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Clark SD, Shute B, Jenneson V, Rains T, Birkin M, Morris MA. Dietary Patterns Derived from UK Supermarket Transaction Data with Nutrient and Socioeconomic Profiles. Nutrients 2021; 13:1481. [PMID: 33925712 PMCID: PMC8147024 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor diet is a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom (UK) and around the world. Methods to collect quality dietary information at scale for population research are time consuming, expensive and biased. Novel data sources offer potential to overcome these challenges and better understand population dietary patterns. In this research we will use 12 months of supermarket sales transaction data, from 2016, for primary shoppers residing in the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK (n = 299,260), to identify dietary patterns and profile these according to their nutrient composition and the sociodemographic characteristics of the consumer purchasing with these patterns. Results identified seven dietary purchase patterns that we named: Fruity; Meat alternatives; Carnivores; Hydrators; Afternoon tea; Beer and wine lovers; and Sweet tooth. On average the daily energy intake of loyalty card holders -who may buy as an individual or for a household- is less than the adult reference intake, but this varies according to dietary purchase pattern. In general loyalty card holders meet the recommended salt intake, do not purchase enough carbohydrates, and purchase too much fat and protein, but not enough fibre. The dietary purchase pattern containing the highest amount of fibre (as an indicator of healthiness) is bought by the least deprived customers and the pattern with lowest fibre by the most deprived. In conclusion, supermarket sales data offer significant potential for understanding population dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Clark
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.D.C.); (V.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Becky Shute
- Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd., Holborn, London EC1N 2HT, UK; (B.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Victoria Jenneson
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.D.C.); (V.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Tim Rains
- Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd., Holborn, London EC1N 2HT, UK; (B.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Mark Birkin
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.D.C.); (V.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Michelle A. Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Lee CL, Aveyard PN, Jebb SA, Piernas C. Using Supermarket Loyalty Card Data to Provide Personalised Advice to Help Reduce Saturated Fat Intake among Patients with Hypercholesterolemia: A Qualitative Study of Participants' Experiences. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041146. [PMID: 33807150 PMCID: PMC8066863 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ‘Primary Care SHOPping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention’ (PCSHOP) trial tested the effectiveness and feasibility of a behavioural intervention to reduce saturated fat in food purchases. The intervention offered feedback from data collected through a supermarket loyalty card to supplement brief advice from a nurse. This qualitative study aimed to describe participants’ experiences of receiving this intervention. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, one-to-one, telephone interviews with participants from the PCSHOP trial. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We employed the one sheet of paper technique and a thematic analysis to develop high-level themes in NVivo software. Results: Twenty-four participants were interviewed (mean age: 63 years (SD 12)). They reported that the brief advice did not provide any new information but they welcomed the sense of accountability the nurse provided. The personalised shopping feedback and healthier swap suggestions provided novel information that challenged previously held beliefs about the saturated fat content of food purchases and encouraged some positive dietary changes. However, the taste preferences of the participant or other household members were a barrier to changing food shopping behaviours. Conclusion: Harnessing loyalty card data is a novel and acceptable method to offering personalised dietary feedback. Yet, issues on the suitability of the healthier swap suggestions limited the extent of dietary change. Trial registration: ISRCTN14279335. Registered 1 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Lee
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; (C.L.L.); (P.N.A.); (S.A.J.)
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul N. Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; (C.L.L.); (P.N.A.); (S.A.J.)
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; (C.L.L.); (P.N.A.); (S.A.J.)
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; (C.L.L.); (P.N.A.); (S.A.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-18-6528-9284
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