1
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Hong P, Xu T, Xu J, Chen W, Hu H, Chen J, Li L, Zheng C, Li B, Liu J, Dai W, Li E, Zhang F, Xu W. CD24 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance by directly targeting Arf6-ERK pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216994. [PMID: 38801885 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the importance of CD24 in tumor progression, but its role and mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. The present study aims to explore the potential of CD24 as a novel predictive biomarker in ESCC, as well as its mechanism and therapeutic implications in metastasis and 5-FU chemoresistance. By using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we found that CD24 expression was higher in ESCC tumor tissues than paired non-tumor tissues, further indicating that CD24 was markedly associated with poor prognosis. CD24 significantly promoted metastasis and 5-FU chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CD24 competes with GIT2 to bind to Arf6, and stabilizes Arf6-GTP to activate the subsequent ERK pathway, thus promoting cancer progression. In addition, a significant positive correlation between CD24 and p-ERK was observed in clinical ESCC tissues. In summary, this study not only reveals CD24 as a regulatory factor for Arf6 activity, but also uncovers CD24-Arf6-ERK signaling axis as a novel mechanism of ESCC progression. Our findings suggest CD24 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoyang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyou Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cancan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Enmin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for the High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenwen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Sadlecki P, Walentowicz-Sadlecka M. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240976. [PMID: 38859878 PMCID: PMC11163159 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs) show intriguing characteristics distinguishing them from other ovarian tumours. The aim of the systematic review was to analyse the spectrum of molecular changes found in BOTs and discuss their significance in the context of the overall therapeutic approach. The systematic review included articles published between 2000 and 2023 in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. After a detailed analysis of the available publications, we qualified for the systematic review: 28 publications on proto-oncogenes: BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, ERBB2, and PIK3CA, 20 publications on tumour suppressor genes: BRCA1/2, ARID1A, CHEK2, PTEN, 4 on adhesion molecules: CADM1, 8 on proteins: B-catenin, claudin-1, and 5 on glycoproteins: E-Cadherin. In addition, in the further part of the systematic review, we included eight publications on microsatellite instability and three describing loss of heterozygosity in BOT. Molecular changes found in BOTs can vary on a case-by-case basis, identifying carcinogenic mutations through molecular analysis and developing targeted therapies represent significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignancies. Molecular studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of BOT pathogenesis, but substantial research is still required to elucidate the relationship between ovarian neoplasms and extraneous disease, identify accurate prognostic indicators, and develop targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sadlecki
- Medical Department, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Polyclinical Hospital, Grudziadz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Walentowicz-Sadlecka
- Medical Department, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Polyclinical Hospital, Grudziadz, Poland
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3
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Yu KH. Advances in Systemic Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:617-627. [PMID: 38575456 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made toward understanding biology and developing new therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this review, new insights from genomic profiling, as well as implications for treatment and prognosis, are discussed. New standards of care approaches with a focus on drug therapies are discussed for the treatment of resectable and advanced PDAC. The role of targeted and immune therapies remains limited; cohorts likely to benefit from these approaches are discussed. Promising, preliminary results regarding experimental therapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Yu
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Cell Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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4
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Rijmers J, Retmana IA, Bui V, Arguedas D, Lebre MC, Sparidans RW, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. ABCB1 attenuates brain exposure to the KRAS G12C inhibitor opnurasib whereas binding to mouse carboxylesterase 1c influences its plasma exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116720. [PMID: 38733773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Opnurasib (JDQ443) is a newly developed oral KRASG12C inhibitor, with a binding mechanism distinct from the registered KRASG12C inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib. Phase I and II clinical trials for opnurasib in NSCLC are ongoing. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic roles of the ABCB1 (P-gp/MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP) efflux and OATP1 influx transporters, and of the metabolizing enzymes CYP3A and CES1 in plasma and tissue disposition of oral opnurasib, using genetically modified cell lines and mouse models. In vitro, opnurasib was potently transported by human (h)ABCB1 and slightly by mouse (m)Abcg2. In Abcb1a/b- and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2-deficient mice, a significant ∼100-fold increase in brain-to-plasma ratios was observed. Brain penetration was unchanged in Abcg2-/- mice. ABCB1 activity in the blood-brain barrier may therefore potentially limit the efficacy of opnurasib against brain metastases. The Abcb1a/b transporter activity could be almost completely reversed by co-administration of elacridar, a dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor, increasing the brain penetration without any behavioral or postural signs of acute CNS-related toxicity. No significant pharmacokinetic roles of the OATP1 transporters were observed. Transgenic human CYP3A4 did not substantially affect the plasma exposure of opnurasib, indicating that opnurasib is likely not a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. Interestingly, Ces1-/- mice showed a 4-fold lower opnurasib plasma exposure compared to wild-type mice, whereas no strong effect was seen on the tissue distribution. Plasma Ces1c therefore likely binds opnurasib, increasing its retention in plasma. The obtained pharmacokinetic insights may be useful for further optimization of the clinical efficacy and safety of opnurasib, and might reveal potential drug-drug interaction risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Rijmers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene A Retmana
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viët Bui
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Davinia Arguedas
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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6
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Zheng D, Grandgenett PM, Zhang Q, Baine M, Shi Y, Du Q, Liang X, Wong J, Iqbal S, Preuss K, Kamal A, Yu H, Du H, Hollingsworth MA, Zhang C. radioGWAS links radiome to genome to discover driver genes with somatic mutations for heterogeneous tumor image phenotype in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12316. [PMID: 38811597 PMCID: PMC11137018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the significant level of variability exhibited by pancreatic cancer necessitates the adoption of a systems biology approach that integrates molecular data, biological properties of the tumors, medical images, and clinical features of the patients. In this study, a comprehensive multi-omics methodology was employed to examine a distinctive collection of patient dataset containing rapid autopsy tumor and normal tissue samples as well as longitudinal imaging with a focus on pancreatic cancer. By performing a whole exome sequencing analysis on tumor and normal tissues to identify somatic gene variants and a radiomic feature analysis to tumor CT images, the genome-wide association approach established a connection between pancreatic cancer driver genes and relevant radiomic features, enabling a thorough and quantitative assessment of the heterogeneity of pancreatic tumors. The significant association between sets of genes and radiomic features revealed the involvement of genes in shaping tumor morphological heterogeneity. Some results of the association established a connection between the molecular level mechanism and their outcomes at the level of tumor structural heterogeneity. Because tumor structure and tumor structural heterogeneity are related to the patients' overall survival, patients who had pancreatic cancer driver gene mutations with an association to a certain radiomic feature have been observed to experience worse survival rates than cases without these somatic mutations. Furthermore, the association analysis has revealed potential gene mutations and radiomic feature candidates that warrant further investigation in future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Michael Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Qian Du
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoying Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Subhan Iqbal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kiersten Preuss
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ahsan Kamal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Huijing Du
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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7
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Schulz B, Leitner E, Schreiber T, Lindner T, Schwarz R, Aboutara N, Ma Y, Escobar HM, Palme R, Hinz B, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Sex Matters-Insights from Testing Drug Efficacy in an Animal Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1901. [PMID: 38791980 PMCID: PMC11120498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies rarely test the efficacy of therapies in both sexes. The field of oncology is no exception in this regard. In a model of syngeneic, orthotopic, metastasized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma we evaluated the impact of sex on pathological features of this disease as well as on the efficacy and possible adverse side effects of a novel, small molecule-based therapy inhibiting KRAS:SOS1, MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Male mice had less tumor infiltration of CD8-positive cells, developed bigger tumors, had more lung metastasis and a lower probability of survival compared to female mice. These more severe pathological features in male animals were accompanied by higher distress at the end of the experiment. The evaluated inhibitors BI-3406, trametinib and BKM120 showed synergistic effects in vitro. This combinatorial therapy reduced tumor weight more efficiently in male animals, although the drug concentrations were similar in the tumors of both sexes. These results underline the importance of sex-specific preclinical research and at the same time provide a solid basis for future studies with the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schulz
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Emily Leitner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Tim Schreiber
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Aboutara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (B.S.)
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9
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Puliga E, De Bellis C, Vietti Michelina S, Capeloa T, Migliore C, Orrù C, Baiocchi GL, De Manzoni G, Pietrantonio F, Reddavid R, Fumagalli Romario U, Ambrogio C, Corso S, Giordano S. Biological and targeting differences between the rare KRAS A146T and canonical KRAS mutants in gastric cancer models. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:473-483. [PMID: 38261067 PMCID: PMC11016506 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease. Since the oncogenic role of KRAS mutants has been poorly investigated in GC, this study aims to biochemically and biologically characterize different KRAS-mutated models and unravel differences among KRAS mutants in response to therapy. METHODS Taking advantage of a proprietary, molecularly annotated platform of more than 200 GC PDXs (patient-derived xenografts), we identified KRAS-mutated PDXs, from which primary cell lines were established. The different mutants were challenged with KRAS downstream inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS Cells expressing the rare KRAS A146T mutant showed lower RAS-GTP levels compared to those bearing the canonical G12/13D mutations. Nevertheless, all the KRAS-mutated cells displayed KRAS addiction. Surprisingly, even if the GEF SOS1 is considered critical for the activation of KRAS A146T mutants, its abrogation did not significantly affect cell viability. From the pharmacologic point of view, Trametinib monotherapy was more effective in A146T than in G12D-mutated models, suggesting a vulnerability to MEK inhibition. However, in the presence of mutations in the PI3K pathway, more frequently co-occurrent in A146T models, the association of Trametinib and the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 was required to optimize the response. CONCLUSION A deeper genomic and biological characterization of KRAS mutants might sustain the development of more efficient and long-lasting therapeutic options for patients harbouring KRAS-driven GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Puliga
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Chiara De Bellis
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sandra Vietti Michelina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tania Capeloa
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Cristina Migliore
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Claudia Orrù
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Baiocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Surgery "Santo Spirito Hospital", ASL-AL, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Manzoni
- Section of Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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10
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Ji X, Liu M, Zhang T, Zhang W, Xue F, Wan Q, Liu Y. KRAS/PI3K axis driven GTF3C6 expression and promotes LUAD via FAK pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00171-1. [PMID: 38685529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective targeting drugs for KRAS mutation-mediated Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are currently are limited. OBJECTIVES Investigating and intervening in the downstream key target genes of KRAS is crucial for clinically managing KRAS mutant-driven LUAD. GTF3C6, a newly identified member of the general transcription factor III (GTF3) family, plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III (pol III)-dependent genes. However, its involvement in cancer remains unexplored. METHODS This study examined the expression, roles, and potential molecular mechanisms of GTF3C6 in LUAD tissues, LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-p53-/- LUAD mouse models, and LUAD patients-derived organoid using Western blot, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and gene manipulation assays. RESULTS We present the first evidence that GTF3C6 is highly expressed in LUAD tissues, LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-p53-/- LUAD mouse models, and LUAD organoids, correlating with poor clinical prognosis. Furthermore, GTF3C6 was found to promote anchorage-independent proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, KRAS mutation drives GTF3C6 expression through the PI3K pathway, and GTF3C6 knockdown reverses the malignant phenotype of KRAS mutation-driven LUAD cells. Additionally, the FAK pathway emerged as a crucial downstream signaling pathway through which GTF3C6 mediates the malignant phenotype of LUAD. Finally, GTF3C6 knockdown suppresses LUAD organoid formation and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GTF3C6, driven by KRAS mutation, promotes LUAD development by regulating FAK phosphorylation, suggesting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in KRAS mutant-driven LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Pharmacy, Pingdu People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266799, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Fuyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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11
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STICKLER SANDRA, RATH BARBARA, HAMILTON GERHARD. Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Res 2024; 32:799-805. [PMID: 38686056 PMCID: PMC11055996 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.045356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis due to late detection and lack of efficient therapies. The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogene is mutated in up to 90% of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) and constitutes an attractive target for therapy. However, the most common KRAS mutations in PDAC are G12D (44%), G12V (34%) and G12R (20%) that are not amenable to treatment by KRAS G12C-directed cysteine-reactive KRAS inhibitors such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib that exhibit clinical efficacy in lung cancer. KRAS G12C mutant pancreatic cancer has been treated with Sotorasib but this mutation is detected only in 2%-3% of PDAC. Recently, the KRAS G12D-directed MRTX1133 inhibitor has entered clinical trials and more of such inhibitors are in development. The other KRAS mutations may be targeted indirectly via inhibition of the cognate guanosine exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless 1 that drives KRAS. These agents seem to provide the means to target the most frequent KRAS mutations in PDAC and to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SANDRA STICKLER
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - BARBARA RATH
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - GERHARD HAMILTON
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
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12
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Huang Y, Zheng D, Zhou Z, Wang H, Li Y, Zheng H, Tan J, Wu J, Yang Q, Tian H, Lin L, Li Z, Li T. The research advances in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-related cancer during 2013 to 2022: a scientometric analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1345737. [PMID: 38706597 PMCID: PMC11066287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1345737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer represents a significant global public health concern. In recent years, the incidence of cancer has been on the rise worldwide due to various factors, including diet, environment, and an aging population. Simultaneously, advancements in tumor molecular biology and genomics have led to a shift from systemic chemotherapy focused on disease sites and morphopathology towards precise targeted therapy for driver gene mutations. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive review aimed at exploring the research hotspots and directions in the field of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutant cancers over the past decade, providing valuable insights for cancer treatment strategies. Specifically, we aim to present an intellectual landscape using data obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) regarding KRAS mutation. Methods Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and HistCite were employed to conduct scientometric analyses on national publications, influential authors, highly cited articles, frequent keywords, etc. Results A total of 16,609 publications met the screening criteria and exhibited a consistent annual growth trend overall. Among 102 countries/regions, the United States occupied the vast majority share of the published volume. The journal Oncotarget had the highest circulation among all scientific publications. Moreover, the most seminal articles in this field primarily focus on biology and targeted therapies, with overcoming drug resistance being identified as a future research direction. Conclusion The findings of the thematic analysis indicate that KRAS mutation in lung cancer, the prognosis following B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) or rat sarcoma (RAS) mutations, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related lung cancer are the significant hotspots in the given field. Considering the significant advancements made in direct targeting drugs like sotorasib, it is anticipated that interest in cancers associated with KRAS mutations will remain steadfast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Kim SC, Seo HY, Lee JO, Maeng JE, Shin YK, Lee SH, Jang JY, Ku JL. Establishment, characterization, and biobanking of 36 pancreatic cancer organoids: prediction of metastasis in resectable pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00939-5. [PMID: 38619751 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Early dissemination of primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the main cause of dismal prognosis as it highly limits possible treatment options. A number of PDAC patients experience distant metastasis even after treatment due to the metastatic clones. We aimed to demonstrate the molecular architecture of borderline resectable PDAC manifests cancer dissemination of PDAC. METHODS Here, 36 organoids isolated from primary tumor masses of PDAC patients with diverse metastatic statues are presented. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed and drug responses to clinically relevant 18 compounds were assessed. RESULTS Our results revealed that borderline resectable PDAC organoids exhibited distinct patterns according to their metastatic potency highlighted by multiple genetic and transcriptional factors and strong variances in drug responses. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the presence of metastatic PDAC can be identified by integrating molecular compositions and drug responses of borderline resectable PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Chan Kim
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Seo
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ja-Oh Lee
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ju Eun Maeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Shin
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Park SY, Gowda Saralamma VV, Nale SD, Kim CJ, Jo YS, Baig MH, Cho J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of purine and pyrimidine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors: Towards potential anticancer therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28495. [PMID: 38617914 PMCID: PMC11015380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations, commonly observed in human tumors, affect approximately 30% of cancer cases and pose a significant challenge for effective cancer treatment. Current strategies to inhibit the KRAS G12D mutation have shown limited success, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized several purine and pyrimidine analogs as inhibitors for the KRAS G12D mutation. Our synthesized compounds demonstrated potent anticancer activity against cell lines with the KRAS G12D mutation, effectively impeding their growth. They also exhibited low toxicity in normal cells, indicating their selective action against cancer cells harboring the KRAS G12D mutation. Notably, the lead compound, PU1-1 induced the programmed cell death of KRAS G12D-mutated cells and reduced the levels of active KRAS and its downstream signaling proteins. Moreover, PU1-1 significantly shrunk the tumor size in a pancreatic xenograft model induced by the KRAS G12D mutation, further validating its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings highlight the potential of purine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors as candidates for targeted cancer therapy. However, further exploration and optimization of these compounds are essential to meet the unmet clinical needs of patients with KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Park
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagar Dattatraya Nale
- BNJBiopharma, 2nd Floor Memorial Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHwan Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
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15
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Aquino AF, Runa F, Shoma JF, Todd A, Wallace M, de Barros NR, Kelber JA. Multidimensional screening of pancreatic cancer spheroids reveals vulnerabilities in mitotic and cell-matrix adhesion signaling that associate with metastatic progression and decreased patient survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149575. [PMID: 38382357 PMCID: PMC10983059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, with a median survival of less than 12 months and a 5-year survival of less than 10 %. Here, we have established an image-based screening pipeline for quantifying single PDAC spheroid dynamics in genetically and phenotypically diverse PDAC cell models. Wild-type KRas PDAC cells formed tight/compact spheroids - compaction of these structures was completely blocked by cytoplasmic dynein and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors. In contrast, PDAC cells containing mutant KRas formed loosely aggregated spheroids that grew significantly slower following inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) or focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Independent of genetic background, multicellular PDAC-mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) spheroids self-organized into structures with an MSC-dominant core. The inclusion of MSCs into wild-type KRas PDAC spheroids modestly affected their compaction; however, MSCs significantly increased the compaction and growth of mutant KRas PDAC spheroids. Notably, exogenous collagen 1 potentiated PANC1 spheroid compaction while ITGA1 knockdown in PANC1 cells blocked MSC-induced PANC1 spheroid compaction. In agreement with a role for collagen-based integrin adhesion complexes in stromal cell-induced PDAC phenotypes, we also discovered that MSC-induced PANC1 spheroid growth was completely blocked by the ITGB1 immunoneutralizing antibody mAb13. Finally, multiplexed single-cell immunohistochemical analysis of a 25 patient PDAC tissue microarray revealed a relationship between decreased variance in Spearman r correlation for ITGA1 and PLK1 expression within the tumor cell compartment of PDAC in patients with advanced disease stage, and elevated expression of both ITGA1 and PLK1 in PDAC was found to be associated with decreased patient survival. Taken together, this work uncovers new therapeutic vulnerabilities in PDAC that are relevant to the progression of this stromal cell-rich malignancy and which may reveal strategies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert-Fred Aquino
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Farhana Runa
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | | | - Audrey Todd
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Wallace
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A Kelber
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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16
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Dong Y, Chang Y, Wang Y, Han Q, Wen X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Qiang Y, Wu K, Fan X, Ren X. MFSynDCP: multi-source feature collaborative interactive learning for drug combination synergy prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:140. [PMID: 38561679 PMCID: PMC10985899 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug combination therapy is generally more effective than monotherapy in the field of cancer treatment. However, screening for effective synergistic combinations from a wide range of drug combinations is particularly important given the increase in the number of available drug classes and potential drug-drug interactions. Existing methods for predicting the synergistic effects of drug combinations primarily focus on extracting structural features of drug molecules and cell lines, but neglect the interaction mechanisms between cell lines and drug combinations. Consequently, there is a deficiency in comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects of drug combinations. To address this issue, we propose a drug combination synergy prediction model based on multi-source feature interaction learning, named MFSynDCP, aiming to predict the synergistic effects of anti-tumor drug combinations. This model includes a graph aggregation module with an adaptive attention mechanism for learning drug interactions and a multi-source feature interaction learning controller for managing information transfer between different data sources, accommodating both drug and cell line features. Comparative studies with benchmark datasets demonstrate MFSynDCP's superiority over existing methods. Additionally, its adaptive attention mechanism graph aggregation module identifies drug chemical substructures crucial to the synergy mechanism. Overall, MFSynDCP is a robust tool for predicting synergistic drug combinations. The source code is available from GitHub at https://github.com/kkioplkg/MFSynDCP .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Dong
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yunqing Chang
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qixuan Han
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wen
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziting Yang
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Qiang
- College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Xiaole Fan
- Information Management Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ren
- Information Management Department, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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17
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Chee CW, Mohd Hashim N, Nor Rashid N. Morindone as a potential therapeutic compound targeting TP53 and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110928. [PMID: 38423379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for anticancer agent in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) with frequently mutated TP53 and KRAS genes. Phytochemical compounds are suitable as chemoprevention for CRC since dietary factor is a major risk factor. Anthraquinones from Morinda citrifolia L. were previously reported with various pharmacological properties. Various in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two anthraquinones: damnacanthal and morindone on the cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, gene expression and protein expression in two CRC cells: HCT116 and HT29. Real-time monitoring of CRC cells showed that both anthraquinones exerted significant anti-proliferative effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Next, cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in the percentage of CRC cells in the G1 phase under anthraquinones treatment. Fluorescence microscopy also showed an increment of apoptotic cells under anthraquinones' treatment. siRNA transfection was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of gene knockdown on mutated TP53 and KRAS in CRC cells. Before transfection, qRT-PCR analysis showed that only morindone downregulated the gene expression of mutated TP53 and KRAS and then further downregulated them after transfection. Both damnacanthal and morindone treatments further downregulated the expression of these two genes but upregulated at the protein expression level. Furthermore, gene knockdown also sensitised CRC cells to both damnacanthal and morindone treatments, resulting in lowered IC50 values. The accumulation of cells at the G1 phase was reduced after gene knockdown but increased after damnacanthal and morindone treatments. In addition, gene knockdown has increased the number of apoptotic cells in both cell lines and further increment was observed after anthraquinone treatment. In conclusion, morindone could be a competitive therapeutic agent in CRC by exhibiting multiple mechanism of anti-cancer actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheok Wui Chee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Drug Design and Development Research Group, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Drug Design and Development Research Group, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Veiga RN, de Azevedo ALK, de Oliveira JC, Gradia DF. Targeting EphA2: a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and drug resistance in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:479-493. [PMID: 38393661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a vital member of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family and has been associated with developmental processes. However, it is often overexpressed in tumors and correlates with cancer progression and worse prognosis due to the activation of its noncanonical signaling pathway. Throughout cancer treatment, the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells is relatively common. Since the early 2000s, researchers have focused on understanding the role of EphA2 in promoting drug resistance in different types of cancer, as well as finding efficient and secure EphA2 inhibitors. In this review, the current knowledge regarding induced resistance by EphA2 in cancer treatment is summarized, and the types of cancer that lead to the most cancer-related deaths are highlighted. Some EphA2 inhibitors were also investigated. Regardless of whether the cancer treatment has reached a drug-resistance stage in EphA2-overexpressing tumors, once EphA2 is involved in cancer progression and aggressiveness, targeting EphA2 is a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in combination with other target-drugs for synergistic effect. For that reason, monoclonal antibodies against EphA2 and inhibitors of this receptor should be investigated for efficacy and drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nasser Veiga
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Ali H, Shahwan M, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Circular RNAs in the KRAS pathway: Emerging players in cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155259. [PMID: 38503004 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as key components in the intricate regulatory network of the KRAS pathway across various cancers. The KRAS pathway, a central signalling cascade crucial in tumorigenesis, has gained substantial emphasis as a possible therapeutic target. CircRNAs, a subgroup of non-coding RNAs known for their closed circular arrangement, play diverse roles in gene regulation, contributing to the intricate landscape of cancer biology. This review consolidates existing knowledge on circRNAs within the framework of the KRAS pathway, emphasizing their multifaceted functions in cancer progression. Notable circRNAs, such as Circ_GLG1 and circITGA7, have been identified as pivotal regulators in colorectal cancer (CRC), influencing KRAS expression and the Ras signaling pathway. Aside from their significance in gene regulation, circRNAs contribute to immune evasion, apoptosis, and drug tolerance within KRAS-driven cancers, adding complexity to the intricate interplay. While our comprehension of circRNAs in the KRAS pathway is evolving, challenges such as the diverse landscape of KRAS mutant tumors and the necessity for synergistic combination therapies persist. Integrating cutting-edge technologies, including deep learning-based prediction methods, holds the potential for unveiling disease-associated circRNAs and identifying novel therapeutic targets. Sustained research efforts are crucial to comprehensively unravel the molecular mechanisms governing the intricate interplay between circRNAs and the KRAS pathway, offering insights that could potentially revolutionize cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India.
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Liu Y, Tong L, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Feng F, Li Y, Lai M, Tang H, Chen Y, Geng M, Duan W, Ding J, Xie H. A novel strategy for treating oncogene-mutated tumors by targeting tumor microenvironment and synergistically enhancing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:438-442. [PMID: 38335159 PMCID: PMC10958672 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiang Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Qiupei Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingboZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Fang Feng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Mengzhen Lai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Haotian Tang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandongP. R. China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandongP. R. China
- Small‐Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandongP. R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
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Ahn HM, Park I, Kim CG, Ko YK, Gim JA. Factors related to tumor response rate from TCGA three omics data-variants, expression, methylation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38409772 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2319010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and its patient-derived multi-omics datasets have been the backbone of cancer research, and with novel approaches, it continues to shed new insight into the disease. In this study, we delved into a method of multi-omics integration of patient datasets and the association of biological pathways related to the disease. First, across thirty-three types of cancer present in TCGA, we merged genomic mutations and drug response datasets and filtered for the viable variant-drug response combinations available in TCGA, containing more than three samples for each drug response label with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genomic methylation data available for each patient. We identified two distinct combinations in TCGA, one being pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with/without rs121913529 variant in KRAS gene treated with gemcitabine, and the other low-grade glioma with/without rs121913500 variant in IDH1 gene administered with temozolomide. In these two groups, different patterns of gene expression were observed in the pathways often associated with cancer progression, such as mTOR and PDGF between the patients with complete response and progressive disease. Our result will provide yet another example of the relevance of these biological pathways in cancer drug response and a way for multi-omics integration in cancer datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Min Ahn
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insu Park
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Geun Kim
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Ko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
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Ghosh C, Hu J. Importance of targeting various cell signaling pathways in solid cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:101-155. [PMID: 38663958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most adult human cancers are solid tumors prevailing in vital organs and lead to mortality all over the globe. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer genes or genes of associated signaling pathways impart the most common characteristic of malignancy, that is, uncontrolled proliferation. Unless the mechanism of action of these cells signaling pathways (involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and the maintenance of the stemness of cancer stem cells and cancer microenvironment) and their physiologic alteration are extensively studied, it is challenging to understand tumorigenesis as well as develop new treatments and precision medicines. Targeted therapy is one of the most promising strategies for treating various cancers. However, cancer is an evolving disease, and most patients develop resistance to these drugs by acquired mutations or mediation of microenvironmental factors or due to tumor heterogeneity. Researchers are striving to develop novel therapeutic options like combinatorial approaches targeting multiple responsible pathways effectively. Thus, in-depth knowledge of cell signaling and its components remains a critical topic of cancer research. This chapter summarized various extensively studied pathways in solid cancer and how they are targeted for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States.
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Unites States
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Kara G, Ozpolat B. SPIONs: Superparamagnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles for the delivery of microRNAi-therapeutics in cancer. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:16. [PMID: 38324228 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based therapeutics that induce RNA interference (RNAi), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have drawn considerable attention as a novel class of targeted cancer therapeutics because of their capacity to specifically target oncogenes/protooncogenes that regulate key signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, tumor growth and progression, metastasis, cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. However, clinical translation of miRNA-based therapeutics, in particular, has been challenging due to the ineffective delivery of ncRNA molecules into tumors and their uptake into cancer cells. Recently, superparamagnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as highly effective and efficient for the delivery of therapeutic RNAs to malignant tissues, as well as theranostic (therapy and diagnostic) applications, due to their excellent biocompatibility, magnetic responsiveness, broad functional surface modification, safety, and biodistribution profiles. This review highlights recent advances in the use of SPIONs for the delivery of ncRNA-based therapeutics with an emphasis on their synthesis and coating strategies. Moreover, the advantages and current limitations of SPIONs and their future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goknur Kara
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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He X, Sun J, Zhang J, Zhu B, Jin L, Wang J, Guan Q. circ_0039787 promotes cervical cancer cell tumorigenesis by regulation of the miR-877-5p-KRAS axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2736-2752. [PMID: 38309290 PMCID: PMC10911348 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel type of RNA that plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors. However, the potential regulatory role and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) are still not clear. Here, we explored circRNAs associated with CC from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE113696 and GSE102686. We initially identified circ_0039787, which is derived from exons 2 to 3 of the C16orf70 gene. We observed that circ_0039787 is mainly located in the cytoplasm and is more stable than its linear counterpart, C16orf70. circ_0039787 is significantly upregulated in CC tissues and cells. In addition, functional gain and loss experiments demonstrated that circ_0039787 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells in vitro and the growth of CC tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0039787 promotes CC tumor progression by competitively absorbing miR-877-5p to alleviate the inhibitory effect of miR-877-5p on Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) expression. Overall, our results suggest that circ_0039787 could serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchao He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lufei Jin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyan Guan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Xu M, Zhao X, Wen T, Qu X. Unveiling the role of KRAS in tumor immune microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116058. [PMID: 38171240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rats sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), the first discovered human oncogene, has long been recognized as "undruggable". KRAS mutations frequently occur in multiple human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), colorectal cancer(CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC), functioning as a "molecule switch" determining the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways. Except for its intrinsic pro-tumorigenic role, KRAS alteration also exhibits an unique immune signature characterized by elevated PD-L1 level and high tumor mutational burden(TMB). KRAS mutation shape an immune suppressive microenvironment by impeding effective T cells infiltration and recruiting suppressive immune cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs), regulatory T cells(Tregs), cancer associated fibroblasts(CAFs). In immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) era, NSCLC patients with mutated KRAS tend to be more responsive to ICI than patients with intact KRAS. The hallmark for KRAS mutation is the existence of multiple kinds of co-mutations. Different types of co-alterations have distinct tumor microenvironment(TME) signatures and responses to ICI. TP53 co-mutation possess a "hot" TME and achieve higher response to immunotherapy while other loss of function mutation correlated with a "colder" TME and a poor outcome to ICI-based therapy. The groundbreaking discovery of KRAS G12C inhibitors significantly improved outcomes for this KRAS subtype even though efficacy was limited to NSCLC patients. KRAS G12C inhibitors also restore the suppressive TME, creating an opportunity for combinations with ICI. However, an inevitable challenge to KRAS inhibitors is drug resistance. Promising combination strategies such as combination with SHP2 is an approach deserve further exploration because of their immune modulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Provinces, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Provinces, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Provinces, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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26
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Pei J, Ren Z, Deng Y, Yu K. Tissue factor overexpression promotes resistance to KRAS-G12C inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:668-681. [PMID: 38191673 PMCID: PMC10890931 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The recently approved KRASG12C mutation-specific inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib (KRASG12C-I) represent a promising therapy for KRASG12C-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many eligible patients do not benefit due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Tissue factor (TF) is overexpressed in KRAS-mutated (KRASmut) NSCLC and is the target of the FDA-approved ADC Tivdak. Here, we employed HuSC1-39, the parent antibody of a clinical stage TF-ADC (NCT04843709), to investigate the role of TF in KRASmut NSCLC. We found that patients with TF-overexpression had poor survival, elevated P-ERK/P-AKT activity levels and low immune effector cell infiltration in the tumor. In a panel of KRASG12C cell lines, KRASG12C-I response correlated with suppression of TF mRNA, which was not observed in resistant cells. In the drug resistant cells, TF-overexpression relied on an mTORC2-mediated and proteasome-dependent pathway. Combination treatment of HuSC1-39 or mTORC1/2 inhibitor MTI-31 with KRASG12C-I each produced synergistic antitumor efficacy in cell culture and in an orthotopic lung tumor model. TF-depletion in the resistant cells diminished epithelial mesenchymal transition, reduced tumor growth and greatly sensitized KRASG12C-I response. Moreover, employing immunohistochemistry and coculture studies, we demonstrated that HuSC1-39 or MTI-31 reset the tumor microenvironment and restore KRASG12C-I sensitivity by reshaping an M1-like macrophage profile with greatly enhanced phagocytic capacity toward tumor cell killing. Thus, we have identified the TF/mTORC2 axis as a critical new mechanism for triggering immunosuppression and KRASG12C-I resistance. We propose that targeting this axis with HuSC1-39 or MTI-31 will improve KRASG12C-I response in KRAS-driven NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Rekowska AK, Rola P, Kwiatkowska A, Wójcik-Superczyńska M, Gil M, Krawczyk P, Milanowski J. Abnormalities in the KRAS Gene and Treatment Options for NSCLC Patients with the G12C Mutation in This Gene-A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience. Biomedicines 2024; 12:325. [PMID: 38397927 PMCID: PMC10886466 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the KRAS gene are among the most common mutations observed in cancer cells, but they have only recently become an achievable goal for targeted therapies. Two KRAS inhibitors, sotorasib and adagrasib, have recently been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the KRAS G12C mutation, while studies on their efficacy are still ongoing. In this work, we comprehensively analyzed RAS gene mutations' molecular background, mutation testing, KRAS inhibitors' effectiveness with an emphasis on non-small cell lung cancer, the impact of KRAS mutations on immunotherapy outcomes, and drug resistance problems. We also summarized ongoing trials and analyzed emerging perspectives on targeting KRAS in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Rekowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland (M.W.-S.); (M.G.); (J.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland (M.W.-S.); (M.G.); (J.M.)
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28
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Jain M, Atayan D, Rakhmatullin T, Dakhtler T, Popov P, Kim P, Viborniy M, Gontareva I, Samokhodskaya L, Egorov V. Cell-Free Tumor DNA Detection-Based Liquid Biopsy of Plasma and Bile in Patients with Various Pancreatic Neoplasms. Biomedicines 2024; 12:220. [PMID: 38255325 PMCID: PMC10813046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The key challenge of cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) analysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is overcoming its low detection rate, which is mainly explained by the overall scarcity of this biomarker in plasma. Obstructive jaundice is a frequent event in PDAC, which enables bile collection as a part of routine treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of KRAS-mutated cftDNA detection-based liquid biopsy of plasma and bile in patients with pancreatic neoplasms using digital droplet PCR. The study included healthy volunteers (n = 38), patients with PDAC (n = 95, of which 20 had obstructive jaundice) and other pancreatic neoplasms (OPN) (n = 18). The sensitivity and specificity compared to the control group were 61% and 100% (AUC-ROC-0.805), and compared to the OPN group, they were 61% and 94% (AUC-ROC-0.794), respectively. Bile exhibited higher cftDNA levels than plasma (248.6 [6.743; 1068] vs. 3.26 [0; 19.225] copies/mL) and a two-fold higher detection rate (p < 0.01). Plasma cftDNA levels were associated with distant metastases, tumor size, and CA 19-9 (p < 0.05). The probability of survival was worse in patients with higher levels of cftDNA in plasma (hazard ratio-2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6; p = 0.005) but not in bile (p > 0.05). Bile is a promising alternative to plasma in patients with obstructive jaundice, at least for the diagnostic purposes of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jain
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - David Atayan
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Tagir Rakhmatullin
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Dakhtler
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Pavel Popov
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Pavel Kim
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Mikhail Viborniy
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Iuliia Gontareva
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Larisa Samokhodskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Egorov
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
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29
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Guan X, Li Y, Guan X, Fan L, Ying J. XYA-2: a marine-derived compound targeting apoptosis and multiple signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16805. [PMID: 38250721 PMCID: PMC10798151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and fatal disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis for patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of XYA-2 {N-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2-aza-2-deoxychaetoviridin A}, a nitrogenated azaphilon previously reported from a deep-sea-derived fungus on the progression of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The inhibitory effects of XYA-2 on cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed using various assays. The CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. Moreover, we employed RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses to uncover the underlying mechanism by which XYA-2 influences pancreatic cancer cells. The revealed mechanism was subsequently validated through qRT-PCR. Results Our results demonstrated that XYA-2 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, XYA-2 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, XYA-2 was found to regulate the expression of genes involved in multiple cancer-related pathways based on our RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of XYA-2 as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Guan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linfei Fan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
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Lei P, Shen W, Tang H, You L, Chen G, Tang Y, Lu W. Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Tissue Distribution of the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Inhibitor Adagrasib in Rats Using UPLC-MS/MS. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1-12. [PMID: 38205395 PMCID: PMC10775801 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s437293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adagrasib is a selective and reversible inhibitor of KRAS G12C, which significantly delays the progression of solid tumors. However, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of adagrasib in vivo are unclear. This study explores the absorption and distribution of adagrasib in vivo. Methods An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of adagrasib in the rat plasma and tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenous administrated (5 mg/kg) and oral administrated (30 mg/kg) with adagrasib, and the plasma concentration of adagrasib was determined. After single oral administration of adagrasib (30 mg/kg), the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, and pancreas were excised. The organs were homogenized with saline solution, and the concentration of adagrasib in tissues was determined. Results The intra- and inter-day accuracy were from 84.90% to 113.47%, and the precision was within ±15%. The matrix effect and recovery were within ±15%. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of adagrasib was 677.45 ± 58.72 ng/mL. The elimination half-life time (t1/2) was 3.50 ± 0.21 h after oral administration and 2.08 ± 0.54 h after intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was 50.72%. The highest concentrations of adagrasib in liver was 5047.80 ± 676.48 ng/g at 2 h after administration, and it was still detectable at 24 hours after administration. Conclusion Adagrasib was slowly absorbed and cleared rapidly, and it was also widely distributed in vivo. This study provides a potential reference for adagrasib in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanying Shen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Tang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li You
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyi Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
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Yang W, Wang S, Tong S, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. Expanding the ubiquitin code in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166884. [PMID: 37704111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in cells, vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis, compiling signaling transduction, and determining cell fates. These biological processes require the coordinated signal cascades of UPS members, including ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, deubiquitinases, and proteasomes, to ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination on substrates. Recent studies indicate that ubiquitination code rewriting is particularly prominent in pancreatic cancer. High frequency mutation or aberrant hyperexpression of UPS members dysregulates ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, and metabolic rewiring processes and contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and acquired drug resistance. We conduct an in-depth overview of ubiquitination process in pancreatic cancer, highlighting the role of ubiquitin code in tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressor pathways. Furthermore, we review current UPS modulators and analyze the potential of UPS modulators as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shiqun Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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Tripathi PK, Mittal KR, Jain N, Sharma N, Jain CK. KRAS Pathways: A Potential Gateway for Cancer Therapeutics and Diagnostics. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:268-279. [PMID: 37038676 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230406085120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the major disturbing pathways within cancer is "The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) pathway", and it has recently been demonstrated to be the most crucial in therapies and diagnostics. KRAS pathway includes numerous genes. This multi-component signaling system promotes cell growth, division, survival, and death by transferring signals from outside the cell to its interior. KRAS regulates the activation of a variety of signaling molecules. The KRAS oncogene is a key player in advancing a wide range of malignancies, and the mutation rank of this gene is a key feature of several tumors. For some malignancies, the mutation type of the gene may offer information about prognostic, clinical, and predictive. KRAS belongs to the RAS oncogene family, which consists of a compilation of minor GTP-binding proteins that assimilate environmental inputs and trigger internal signaling pathways that control survival, cell differentiation, and proliferation. This review aims to examine the recent and fascinating breakthroughs in the identification of new therapies that target KRAS, including the ever-expanding experimental approaches for reducing KRAS activity and signaling as well as direct targeting of KRAS. A literature survey was performed. All the relevant articles and patents related to the KRAS pathway, the mutation in the KRAS gene, cancer treatment, and diagnostics were found on PubMed and Google Patents. One of the most prevalent causes of cancer in humans is a mutation in the K-RAS protein. It is extremely difficult to decipher KRAS-mediated signaling. It allows transducing signals to go from the cell's outer surface to its nucleus, having an influence on a variety of crucial cellular functions including cell chemotaxis, division, dissemination, and cell death. Other involved signaling pathways are RAF, and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase also known as AKT. The EGFR pathway is incomplete without KRAS. The activation of PI3K significantly contributes to acquiring resistance to a mixture of MEK inhibitors and anti-EGFR in colorectal cancer cell lines which are mutated by KRAS. A series of recent patent studies towards cancer diagnostics and therapeutics reveals the paramount importance of mutated protein KRAS as an extensive driver in human tumors. For the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer, KRAS plays a critical role. This review concludes the latest and vowing developments in the discovery of novel techniques for diagnosis and drugs that target KRAS, the advancements in experimental techniques for signaling and inhibiting KRAS function, and the direct targeting of KRAS for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62 Noida, 201307, India
| | - Khushi R Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62 Noida, 201307, India
| | - Nandini Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62 Noida, 201307, India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Divion of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62 Noida, 201307, India
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Pan S, Fan R, Han B, Tong A, Guo G. The potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer nanomedicine and immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:20-31. [PMID: 38142147 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their outstanding performance against COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have brought great hope for combating various incurable diseases, including cancer. Differences in the encoded proteins result in different molecular and cellular mechanisms of mRNA vaccines. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and molecular medicine, personalized antigen-encoding mRNA vaccines that enhance antigen presentation can trigger effective immune responses and prevent off-target toxicities. Herein, we review new insights into the influence of encoded antigens, cytokines, and other functional proteins on the mechanisms of mRNA vaccines. We also highlight the importance of delivery systems and chemical modifications for mRNA translation efficiency, stability, and targeting, and we discuss the potential problems and application prospects of mRNA vaccines as versatile tools for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Di Giorgio E, Choudhary H, Ferino A, Cortolezzis Y, Dalla E, D’Este F, Comelli M, Rapozzi V, Xodo LE. Suppression of the KRAS- NRF2 axis shifts arginine into the phosphocreatine energy system in pancreatic cancer cells. iScience 2023; 26:108566. [PMID: 38144458 PMCID: PMC10746371 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), the KRASG12D-NRF2 axis controls cellular functions such as redox homeostasis and metabolism. Disruption of this axis through suppression of NRF2 leads to profound reprogramming of metabolism. Unbiased transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that PDAC cells with disrupted KRASG12D-NRF2 signaling (NRF2-/- cells) shift from aerobic glycolysis to metabolic pathways fed by amino acids. Metabolome, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed a blockade of the urea cycle, making NRF2-/- cells dependent on exogenous arginine for survival. Arginine is channeled into anabolic pathways, including the synthesis of phosphocreatine, which generates an energy buffer essential for cell growth. A similar switch was observed in tumor clones that had survived FOLFIRINOX therapy or blockade of KRAS signaling. Inhibition of the creatine pathway with cyclocreatine reduced both ATP and invasion rate in 3D spheroids from NRF2-deficient PDAC cells. Our study provides basis for the rational development of combination therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Himanshi Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ferino
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ylenia Cortolezzis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Este
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi E. Xodo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Zheng D, Grandgenett PM, Zhang Q, Baine M, Shi Y, Du Q, Liang X, Wong J, Iqbal S, Preuss K, Kamal A, Yu H, Du H, Hollingsworth MA, Zhang C. radioGWAS: link radiome to genome to discover driver genes with somatic mutations for heterogeneous tumor image phenotype in pancreatic cancer. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.02.23297995. [PMID: 37961101 PMCID: PMC10635263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.23297995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the significant level of variability exhibited by pancreatic cancer necessitates the adoption of a systems biology approach that integrates molecular data, biological properties of the tumors, and clinical features of the patients. In this study, a comprehensive multi-omics methodology was employed to examine a distinctive collection patient dataset containing rapid autopsy tumor and normal tissue samples as well as longitudinal imaging with a focus on pancreatic cancer. By performing a whole exome sequencing analysis on tumor and normal tissues to identify somatic gene variants and a radiomics feature analysis to tumor CT images, the genome-wide association approach established a connection between pancreatic cancer driver genes and relevant radiomics features, enabling a thorough and quantitative assessment of the heterogeneity of pancreatic tumors. The significant association between sets of genes and radiomics features revealed the involvement of genes in shaping tumor morphological heterogeneity. Some results of the association established a connection between the molecular level mechanism and their outcomes at the level of tumor structural heterogeneity. Because tumor structure and tumor structural heterogeneity are related to the patients' overall survival, patients who had pancreatic cancer driver gene mutations with an association to a certain radiomics feature have been observed to experience worse survival rates than cases without these somatic mutations. Furthermore, the outcome of the association analysis has revealed potential gene mutations and radiomics feature candidates that warrant further investigation in future research endeavors.
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Ramalingam PS, Arumugam S. Computational design and validation of effective siRNAs to silence oncogenic KRAS. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:350. [PMID: 37780803 PMCID: PMC10541393 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations drive cancer progression in lung, colon, breast, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Apart from the current strategies, such as KRAS upstream inhibitors, downstream effector inhibitors, interaction inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, and direct KRAS inhibitors, against KRAS-mutated cancers, the therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represent a promising alternative strategy that directly binds with the target mRNA and inhibits protein translation via mRNA degradation. Here, in the present study, we utilized various in silico approaches to design potential siRNA candidates against KRAS mRNA. We have predicted nearly 17 siRNAs against the KRAS mRNA, and further through various criteria, such as U, R, and A rules, GC%, secondary structure formation, mRNA-siRNA duplex stability, Tm (Cp), Tm (Conc), and inhibition efficiency, they have been filtered into 4 potential siRNAs namely siRNA8, siRNA11, siRNA12, and siRNA17. Further, the molecular docking analysis revealed that the siRNA8, siRNA11, siRNA12, and siRNA17 showed higher negative binding energies, such as - 379.13 kcal/mol, - 360.19 kcal/mol, - 288.47 kcal/mol, and - 329.76 kcal/mol, toward the human Argonaute2 protein (hAgo2) respectively. In addition, the normal mode analysis of the hAgo2-siRNAs complexes indicates the structural changes and deformation of the hAgo2 protein upon the binding of siRNA molecules in the dynamic environment which suggests that these siRNAs could be effective. Finally, we conclude that these 4 siRNAs have therapeutic potential against KRAS mRNA and also have to be studied in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their specificity toward mutant KRAS (not degrading wild-type KRAS). Also, the current challenges in the use of siRNA therapeutics could be overcome by the emerging siRNA delivery methods, such as Antibody-siRNA conjugates (ARCs) and Gelatin-Antibody Delivery System (GADS), in the near future and these siRNAs could be employed as potential therapeutic agents against KRAS-mutated cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03767-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Protein Engineering Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Zhang J, Darman L, Hassan MS, Von Holzen U, Awasthi N. Targeting KRAS for the potential treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Recent advancements provide hope (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:206. [PMID: 37800636 PMCID: PMC10570661 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in solid tumors. More than 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are driven by mutations in the KRAS gene, suggesting the importance of targeting this oncogene in PDAC. Initial efforts to target KRAS have been unsuccessful due to its small size, high affinity for guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate, and lack of distinct drug‑binding pockets. Therefore, much of the focus has been directed at inhibiting the activation of major signaling pathways downstream of KRAS, most notably the PI3K/AKT and RAF/MAPK pathways, using tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. While preclinical studies showed promising results, clinical data using the inhibitors alone and in combination with other standard therapies have shown limited practicality, largely due to the lack of efficacy and dose‑limiting toxicities. Recent therapeutic approaches for KRAS‑driven tumors focus on mutation‑specific drugs such as selective KRASG12C inhibitors and son of sevenless 1 pan‑KRAS inhibitors. While KRASG12C inhibitors showed great promise against patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring KRASG12C mutations, they were not efficacious in PDAC largely because the major KRAS mutant isoforms in PDAC are G12D, G12V, and G12R. As a result, KRASG12D and pan‑KRAS inhibitors are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic options for PDAC. The present review summarized the importance of KRAS oncogenic signaling, challenges in its targeting, and preclinical and clinical targeted agents including recent direct KRAS inhibitors for blocking KRAS signaling in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Lily Darman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Md Sazzad Hassan
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Urs Von Holzen
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN 46526, USA
- University of Basel School of Medicine, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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Cheng X, Zhao F, Ke B, Chen D, Liu F. Harnessing Ferroptosis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Promising Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5209. [PMID: 37958383 PMCID: PMC10649072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, the emerging field of ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has offered new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for overcoming drug resistance in CRC. This review examines the role of ferroptosis in CRC and its impact on drug resistance. It highlights the distinctive features and advantages of ferroptosis compared to other cell death pathways, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, the review discusses current research advances in the field, including novel treatment approaches that target ferroptosis. These approaches involve the use of ferroptosis inducers, interventions in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis. The review also explores the potential of immunotherapy in modulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy. Additionally, it evaluates the strengths and limitations of targeting ferroptosis, such as its selectivity, low side effects, and potential to overcome resistance, as well as challenges related to treatment specificity and drug development. Looking to the future, this review discusses the prospects of ferroptosis-based therapies in CRC, emphasizing the importance of further research to elucidate the interaction between ferroptosis and drug resistance. It proposes future directions for more effective treatment strategies, including the development of new therapeutic approaches, combination therapies, and integration with emerging fields such as precision medicine. In conclusion, harnessing ferroptosis represents a promising avenue for overcoming drug resistance in CRC. Continued research efforts in this field are crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and providing hope for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China;
| | - Bingxin Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; (B.K.); (D.C.)
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Lu D, Chen Y, Jiang M, Wang J, Li Y, Ma K, Sun W, Zheng X, Qi J, Jin W, Chen Y, Chai Y, Zhang CWH, Liang H, Tan S, Gao GF. KRAS G12V neoantigen specific T cell receptor for adoptive T cell therapy against tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6389. [PMID: 37828002 PMCID: PMC10570350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are broadly recognized as promising targets for tumor therapy. T cell receptors (TCRs) can specifically recognize KRAS mutant neoantigens presented by human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) and mediate T cell responses to eliminate tumor cells. In the present study, we identify two TCRs specific for the 9-mer KRAS-G12V mutant neoantigen in the context of HLA-A*11:01. The TCR-T cells are constructed and display cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity upon co-culturing with varied tumor cells expressing the KRAS-G12V mutation. Moreover, 1-2C TCR-T cells show anti-tumor activity in preclinical models in female mice. The 9-mer KRAS-G12V mutant peptide exhibits a distinct conformation from the 9-mer wildtype peptide and its 10-mer counterparts. Specific recognition of the G12V mutant by TCR depends both on distinct conformation from wildtype peptide and on direct interaction with residues from TCRs. Our study reveals the mechanisms of presentation and TCR recognition of KRAS-G12V mutant peptide and describes TCRs with therapeutic potency for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- YKimmu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- YKimmu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hao Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
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Li Y, Xu R, Wu Y, Guo J, Quan F, Pei Y, Huang D, Zhao X, Gao H, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shi J, Zhang K. Genotype-specific precision tumor therapy using mitochondrial DNA mutation-induced drug release system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1965. [PMID: 37756407 PMCID: PMC10530102 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Precise killing of tumor cells without affecting surrounding normal cells is a challenge. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, a common genetic variant in cancer, can directly affect metabolic homeostasis, serving as an ideal regulatory switch for precise tumor therapy. Here, we designed a mutation-induced drug release system (MIDRS), using the single-nucleotide variation (SNV) recognition ability and trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a to convert tumor-specific mtDNA mutations into a regulatory switch for intracellular drug release, realizing precise tumor cell killing. Using Ce6 as a model drug, MIDRS enabled organelle-level photodynamic therapy, triggering innate and adaptive immunity simultaneously. In vivo evaluation showed that MIDRSMT could identify tumor tissue carrying SNVs in mtDNA in unilateral, bilateral, and heterogeneous tumor models, producing an excellent antitumor effect (~82.6%) without affecting normal cells and thus resulting in a stronger systemic antitumor immune response. Additionally, MIDRS was suitable for genotype-specific precision drug release of chemotherapeutic drugs. This strategy holds promise for mutation-specific personalized tumor treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fenglei Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Huang CC, Tsai YF, Liu CY, Lien PJ, Lin YS, Chao TC, Feng CJ, Chen YJ, Lai JI, Cheng HF, Chen BF, Hsu CY, Chiu JH, Tseng LM. Concordance of Targeted Sequencing from Circulating Tumor DNA and Paired Tumor Tissue for Early Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4475. [PMID: 37760445 PMCID: PMC10526508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the concordance of targeted sequencing between paired ctDNA and matched tumor samples from early breast cancers treated with curative intention. Molecular profiling was performed using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 and the Oncomine Breast cfDNA Assay v2. The liquid biopsy detection rate was 39% (all-stage breast cancers, n = 612). Among 246 early-stage patients assayed for both ctDNA and matched tumor, the cfDNA assay detected 73 (29.6%) and the comprehensive assay detected 201 (81.7%) breast cancers with at least one alteration (χ2 test, p = 0.001). In total, 67 (25.6%) cases tested positive on both platforms, while the cfDNA and comprehensive assays detected an additional 10 (4%) and 138 (56%) cases, respectively. The most prevalent mutant genes were TP53 (68.3%) and KRAS (53.5%), while the PIK3CA (39.4%), AKT1 (45.9%), and ERBB2 (17.1%) mutations constituted biomarkers for FDA-approved therapeutics. Our study showed that tumor tissue should be the source of actionable mutation detection for early breast cancers, considering that the concordance rate between tumor and liquid biopsy was only one-quarter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lien
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shu Lin
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Division of Chemotherapy, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Feng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-I Lai
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Cheng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Fang Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-F.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (P.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (T.-C.C.); (C.-J.F.); (Y.-J.C.); (J.-I.L.); (H.-F.C.); (B.-F.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Ramalingam PS, Arumugam S. Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches to design multi-epitope based vaccine against oncogenic KRAS. Med Oncol 2023; 40:283. [PMID: 37644143 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutant KRAS-induced tumorigenesis is highly involved in the progression of pancreatic, lung, and breast cancer. Comparatively, KRAS G12D and KRAS G12C are the most frequent mutations that promote cancer progression and aggressiveness. Although KRAS mutant inhibitors exhibit significant therapeutic potential, day by day, they are becoming resistant among patients. Multi-epitope based cancer vaccines are a promising alternative strategy that induces an immune response against tumor antigens. In the present study, we have designed, constructed, and validated a novel multi-epitope vaccine construct against KRAS G12D and G12C mutants using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches. In addition, the vaccine construct was structurally refined and showed significant physiochemical properties, and could induce an immune response. Furthermore, the optimized vaccine construct was cloned into a pET‑28a (+) expression vector through in silico cloning. Conclusively, the multi-epitope vaccine construct is structurally stable, soluble, antigenic, non‑allergic, and non‑toxic. Further, it has to be studied in in vitro and in vivo to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy against KRAS-mutated cancers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Protein Engineering Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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Chmielewska I, Krawczyk P, Grenda A, Wójcik-Superczyńska M, Krzyżanowska N, Gil M, Milanowski J. Breaking the 'Undruggable' Barrier: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with KRAS Mutations-A Comprehensive Review and Description of Single Site Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3732. [PMID: 37509393 PMCID: PMC10378665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene mutations are among the most commonly found oncogenic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Unfortunately, KRAS mutations have been considered "undruggable" for many years, making treatment options very limited. Immunotherapy targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for NSCLC patients. However, some studies have suggested a lower response rate to immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients with the coexistence of mutations in the STK11 (Serine/Threonine Kinase 11) gene. However, recent clinical trials have shown promising results with the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy or immunotherapy and KRAS inhibitors (sotorasib, adagrasib) in such patients. In other studies, the high efficacy of immunotherapy has been demonstrated in NSCLC patients with mutations in the KRAS gene that do not coexist with other mutations or coexist with the TP53 gene mutations. In this paper, we review the available literature on the efficacy of immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients. In addition, we presented single-site experience on the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients with KRAS mutations. The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy or immunotherapy as well as KRAS inhibitors extends the overall survival of advanced NSCLC patients with the G12C mutation in the KRAS gene to 2-3 years. This type of management has become the new standard in the treatment of NSCLC patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential benefits of immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients and to identify potential biomarkers that may help predict response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Chmielewska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Gil
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Zhang Y, Zeng F, Peng S, Chen Y, Jiang W, Wang Z, Deng L, Huang Z, Qin H, Yan H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang N, Gong Q, Zeng L, Zhang Y. Stratification of patients with KRAS-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: improving prognostics. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:743-751. [PMID: 37776047 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2265810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer and encodes a key signaling protein in tumors. Due to its high affinity for GTP and the lack of a large binding pocket that allosteric inhibitors can occupy, KRAS has long been considered 'non-druggable.' Finding effective treatment measures for patients with KRAS mutations is our top priority. AREAS COVERED In this article, we will provide an overview of the KRAS pathway and review the current state of therapeutic strategies for targeting oncogenic KRAS, as well as their potential to improve outcomes in patients with KRAS-mutant malignancies. We will also discuss the development of these strategies and gave an outlook on prospects. EXPERT OPINION KRAS mutations have posed a significant challenge in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past few decades. However, the emergence of immunotherapy and KRAS inhibitors, such as Sotorasib (AMG 510) and Adagrasib (MRTX849), has marked a new era in cancer therapy. As more research and clinical trials continue, we anticipate the development of more effective treatment strategies and better options for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanxu Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixuan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yangqian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyue Qin
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Early Clinical Trial Center, Office of National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Early Clinical Trial Center, Office of National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ramalingam PS, Priyadharshini A, Emerson IA, Arumugam S. Potential biomarkers uncovered by bioinformatics analysis in sotorasib resistant-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1107128. [PMID: 37396909 PMCID: PMC10310804 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutant KRAS-induced tumorigenesis is prevalent in lung, colon, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. For the past 3 decades, KRAS mutants seem undruggable due to their high-affinity GTP-binding pocket and smooth surface. Structure-based drug design helped in the design and development of first-in-class KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib (AMG 510) which was then approved by the FDA. Recent reports state that AMG 510 is becoming resistant in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and lung adenocarcinoma patients, and the crucial drivers involved in this resistance mechanism are unknown. Methods In recent years, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis has become a functional tool for profiling gene expression. The present study was designed to find the crucial biomarkers involved in the sotorasib (AMG 510) resistance in KRAS G12C-mutant MIA-PaCa2 cell pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Initially, the GSE dataset was retrieved from NCBI GEO, pre-processed, and then subjected to differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis using the limma package. Then the identified DEGs were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) using the STRING database, followed by cluster analysis and hub gene analysis, which resulted in the identification of probable markers. Results Furthermore, the enrichment and survival analysis revealed that the small unit ribosomal protein (RP) RPS3 is the crucial biomarker of the AMG 510 resistance in KRAS G12C-mutant MIA-PaCa2 cell pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion Finally, we conclude that RPS3 is a crucial biomarker in sotorasib resistance which evades apoptosis by MDM2/4 interaction. We also suggest that the combinatorial treatment of sotorasib and RNA polymerase I machinery inhibitors could be a possible strategy to overcome resistance and should be studied in in vitro and in vivo settings in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annadurai Priyadharshini
- Bioinformatics Programming Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Isaac Arnold Emerson
- Bioinformatics Programming Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Protein Engineering Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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47
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Bortoletto AS, Parchem RJ. KRAS Hijacks the miRNA Regulatory Pathway in Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1563-1572. [PMID: 36946612 PMCID: PMC10183808 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have focused on the misregulation of individual miRNAs in cancer. More recently, mutations in the miRNA biogenesis and processing machinery have been implicated in several malignancies. Such mutations can lead to global miRNA misregulation, which may promote many of the well-known hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, recent evidence also suggests that oncogenic Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations act in part by modulating the activity of members of the miRNA regulatory pathway. Here, we highlight the vital role mutations in the miRNA core machinery play in promoting malignant transformation. Furthermore, we discuss how mutant KRAS can simultaneously impact multiple steps of miRNA processing and function to promote tumorigenesis. Although the ability of KRAS to hijack the miRNA regulatory pathway adds a layer of complexity to its oncogenic nature, it also provides a potential therapeutic avenue that has yet to be exploited in the clinic. Moreover, concurrent targeting of mutant KRAS and members of the miRNA core machinery represents a potential strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina S. Bortoletto
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronald J. Parchem
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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48
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Zhou X, Ji Y, Zhou J. Multiple Strategies to Develop Small Molecular KRAS Directly Bound Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083615. [PMID: 37110848 PMCID: PMC10146153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS gene mutation is widespread in tumors and plays an important role in various malignancies. Targeting KRAS mutations is regarded as the "holy grail" of targeted cancer therapies. Recently, multiple strategies, including covalent binding strategy, targeted protein degradation strategy, targeting protein and protein interaction strategy, salt bridge strategy, and multivalent strategy, have been adopted to develop KRAS direct inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy. Various KRAS-directed inhibitors have been developed, including the FDA-approved drugs sotorasib and adagrasib, KRAS-G12D inhibitor MRTX1133, and KRAS-G12V inhibitor JAB-23000, etc. The different strategies greatly promote the development of KRAS inhibitors. Herein, the strategies are summarized, which would shed light on the drug discovery for both KRAS and other "undruggable" targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xile Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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Guo X, Gao C, Yang DH, Li S. Exosomal circular RNAs: A chief culprit in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100937. [PMID: 36753923 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for malignant tumors. However, the acquired drug resistance hinders clinical efficacy and leads to treatment failure in most patients. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm carrying and delivering substances such as DNAs, RNAs, lipids, and proteins for cellular communication in tumor development. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) present covalently closed-loop RNA structures, which regulate tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis by controlling different genes and signaling pathways. CircRNAs are abundant and stably expressed in exosomes. Recent studies have shown that they play critical roles in chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. In this review, we summarized the origin of exosomes and discussed the regulation mechanism of exosomal circRNAs in cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110042, China
| | - Congying Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang Liaoning Province 110042, China.
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50
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Yang H, Qi G, Dong H, Liu Z, Ma M, Liu P. Identification of Potential Serum Protein Biomarkers in Thymoma with Myasthenia Gravis After Docetaxel Treatment. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:559-570. [PMID: 36786935 PMCID: PMC10043105 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a devastating acquired autoimmune disease that can seriously affect the patient's quality of life. It is also a common complication of thymoma. Previous studies have shown that docetaxel alleviates myasthenic symptoms in thymoma with MG (TMG). However, little is known about the protein expression profiles and biomarkers for efficacy after docetaxel treatment. METHODS We recruited 9 healthy controls and 30 patients with TMG for the serum proteomics study with data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology. We further recruited additional 30 patients for the key protein validation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We identified 43 proteins by trend analysis and analyzed the interaction between these proteins and MG pathogenic proteins from the DisGNET database and the correlation analysis with clinical data of patients with TMG. Among these, KRAS and SELP were screened out and validated. KRAS and SELP increased in patients with TMG and decreased significantly after docetaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the serum proteins were differentially expressed after docetaxel treatment, suggesting their important role in patients with TMG, as well as the critical role of KRAS and SELP as biomarkers in evaluating the efficacy of docetaxel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yang
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoyan Qi
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China. .,Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huimin Dong
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, 365 Jianhua Nan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
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