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Wu X, Zhang C, Liang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Qiu J. Exercise Combined with a Low-Calorie Diet Improves Body Composition, Attenuates Muscle Mass Loss, and Regulates Appetite in Adult Women with High Body Fat Percentage but Normal BMI. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38668559 PMCID: PMC11054427 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine the effects of a 500 kcal reduction in daily energy intake alone and in combination with 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise per week on body weight, body composition, and appetite sensations in young women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage. METHODS sixty-six young women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage (21.33 ± 1.20 kg/m2 and 34.32 ± 2.94%) were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) caloric restriction (CR; n = 22), (2) caloric restriction with exercise (CR-EX; n = 22), and (3) control (C; n = 22). Data on anthropometry, blood samples, and subjective appetite sensations pre- and post-intervention were collected. RESULTS After 4 weeks of intervention, CR and CR-EX groups both reduced body weight, fat percentage, and waist and hip circumferences compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Muscle mass of the CR group was significantly lower than that of the C group (-1.21 ± 0.86 kg vs. -0.27 ± 0.82 kg, p < 0.05), and no significant difference between CR-EX and C groups was observed. For appetite sensations, the subjects of the CR group showed significant increases in change of scores in desire to eat and prospective consumption than that of the C group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference between CR-EX and C groups was observed. CONCLUSION A 500 kcal reduction in daily energy intake alone and in combination with 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise per week could both reduce weight and improve body composition in young adult women with normal BMI and abnormal body fat percentage. More importantly, calorie restriction combined with exercise intervention was superior to calorie restriction alone in improving muscle mass loss and regulating appetite sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuoying Liang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiheng Liang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
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Dahleh MMM, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Torres SP, Machado FR, Meichtry LB, Musachio EAS, Guerra GP, Prigol M. The implications of exercise in Drosophila melanogaster: insights into Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway associated with Hsp70 regulation in redox balance maintenance. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:479-493. [PMID: 37500966 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of exercise on the responses of energy metabolism, redox balance maintenance, and apoptosis regulation in Drosophila melanogaster to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the increased performance that this emerging exercise model provides. Three groups were evaluated for seven days: the control (no exercise or locomotor limitations), movement-limited flies (MLF) (no exercise, with locomotor limitations), and EXE (with exercise, no locomotor limitations). The EXE flies demonstrated greater endurance-like tolerance in the swimming test, associated with increased citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels, and metabolic markers in exercise. Notably, the EXE protocol regulated the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, which was associated with decreased Hsp70 activation, culminating in glutathione turnover regulation. Moreover, reducing the locomotion environment in the MLF group decreased endurance-like tolerance and did not alter citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or lactate levels. The MLF treatment promoted a pro-oxidant effect, altering the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Hsp70 levels, leading to a poorly-regulated glutathione system. Lastly, we demonstrated that exercise could modulate major metabolic responses in Drosophila melanogaster aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, associated with apoptosis and cellular redox balance maintenance in an emergent exercise model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory Human and Animal Bio Health, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, PR, CEP 85770-000, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphanie Perreira Torres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Franciéle Romero Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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Huang Z, Li J, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Effects of different exercise modalities and intensities on body composition in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1193223. [PMID: 37497435 PMCID: PMC10366610 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1193223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are global public health issues. Previous studies on exercise and overweight and obese children have produced inconsistent findings and lacked comparisons between different exercise modalities and intensities. Therefore, a network meta-analysis is necessary to provide evidence-based intervention programs. This study aims to identify the effects of different exercise modalities and intensities on changes in body composition in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods: A search for randomized controlled trials was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase involving exercise interventions aimed at improving body composition (body fat percentage, BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, body weight) in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A random effects network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 software within a frequentist framework. The literature quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Results: Thirty-two papers involving 1,452 participants were included. There were six types of intervention involved in the study, including moderate intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate intensity resistance exercise, high-intensity resistance exercise, moderate intensity combined exercise, and high-intensity combined exercise. The network meta-analysis results revealed that high-intensity combined exercise was the best exercise mode for improving BMI [mean difference in kg/m2 = -1.65, 95% CI (-3.27, -0.02)] and reducing fat mass [mean difference in kg = -2.87, 95% CI (-4.84, -0.91)]. Moderate intensity combined exercise was the best mode for weight loss [mean difference in kg = -4.58, 95% CI (-5.94, -3.22)] and improvement in body fat percentage [mean difference in% = -2.52, 95% CI (-3.83, -1.20)]. High-intensity resistance exercise had the optimal effect in increasing fat-free mass [mean difference in kg = 1.10, 95% CI (0.22, 1.99)]. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that combined exercise, whether moderate or high intensity, was more effective than any other exercise modality in improving body fat percentage and BMI, reducing fat mass and weight. Resistance exercise was the most effective in increasing fat-free mass.
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París-Pineda OM, Alvarez-Rey NE, Cárdenas-Sandoval LK. [Structure of a physical exercise program directed at schoolchildren]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:95-103. [PMID: 36753147 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n1.84216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a thematic review of physical exercise programs for children in the global context. METHODS The search for information was carried out in databases Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Scopus, using descriptors in health such as motor activity, children, adolescents, warm-up exercise, muscle stretching exercises and cooling exercise. Full-length articles in Spanish and English were selected and published between 2008 and 2019. In addition, pages were consulted from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, the Administrative Department of Sports, recreation, physical activity and the use of free time, among others. The information was organized in an Excel database according to the year of publication, title, authors, methodology, phases and dimensions of the program. RESULTS The information was analyzed and the structure of the activity program for schoolchildren was designed, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO and the legislation in force in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of physical exercise programs from childhood and adolescence, promote healthy habits that positively impact health by decreasing risk factors of chronic non transmissible diseases. Their structure includes methodological characteristics such as duration, frequency, intensity, type of exercise and the warm-up, stretching, active or central phase, and cooling down or returning to calm phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M París-Pineda
- OP: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Planeación, Desarrollo y Administración de la Investigación. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
| | - Nohora E Alvarez-Rey
- NA: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Gerencia Y Auditoría de la Calidad de la Atención en Salud. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
| | - Lisette K Cárdenas-Sandoval
- LC: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Administración de la Salud. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Huang Y, Dong X, Xu L, Cao X, Sun S. Additional health education and nutrition management cause more weight loss than concurrent training in overweight young females. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101721. [PMID: 36669325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effect of concurrent training and the addition of health education and nutrition management on body composition and health-related outcomes. METHODS Twenty-four healthy overweight females (20.42 ± 1.02 years, body mass index [BMI] 25.83 ± 3.63 kg∙m-2) were assigned to a concurrent training group (Exe, n = 12) or a concurrent training and health education group (Exe + Edu, n = 12). Both groups completed 8 weeks of concurrent training (6 days/week), whereas the Exe + Edu participants received additional health education and controlled daily energy intake within the basal metabolic rate. Body composition, serum glucose, lipids and related hormones were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS After intervention, the Exe group lost 2.47 kg (±2.46) of body mass, 2.44 kg (±1.71) of total fat mass (FM), corresponding to a body fat percentage (BF%) of 2.25%. Losses of body mass, total FM and BF% in the Exe + Edu group were -5.19 ± 1.87 kg, -4.42 ± 1.83 kg and -4.33 ± 2.39%, respectively. The Exe + Edu participants had significantly greater reductions of body mass, total FM, and trunk and leg FM relative to the Exe participants (p < 0.05). Serum glucose, lipids, insulin and progesterone levels were improved in both groups without group difference. CONCLUSION Concurrent training is an effective short-term training strategy for reducing FM and improving fasting glucose, blood lipids and related hormones. Furthermore, the combination of additional health education can achieve greater effects on weight loss and the reduction of total and regional FM, which may be a better obesity treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Huang
- Department of Physical and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Dong
- Central Primary School, Liyuan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101121, China.
| | - Liqian Xu
- Beijing Foreign Languages School, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Xiaona Cao
- Beijing Sport University Hospital, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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Xu R, Huang QT, Chen YT, Wang PY. Effects and dose-response relationships of exercise intervention on weight loss in overweight and obese children: a meta-regression and system review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1117-1131. [PMID: 35933324 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different exercise doses on weight loss in obese/overweight children. PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to November 2020 for randomized controlled trials. Fourty six trials involving 2,599 obese/overweight children were finally included. Different exercise dose interventions had different impacts. Exercise intervention reduce body weight (BW) by 1.46 kg (95% CI, -2.35 to -0.56, p=0.001), body fat percentage (BF%) by 2.24 (95% CI, -2.63 to -1.84, p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) by 1.09 kg/m2 (95% CI, -1.45 to -0.73, p<0.001). Each MET-h/week was association with 0.147 kg (95% CI, -0.287 to -0.007, p=0.039) decrease in BW, 0.060 (95% CI, -0.118 to -0.002, p=0.042) decrease in BF%, and 0.069 kg/m2 (95% CI, -0.125 to -0.014, p=0.015) decrease in BMI. The findings suggest that there is a positive liner between exercise dose and weight loss, each MET-h/week associated with 0.147 kg, 0.060 and 0.069 kg/m2 decrease in body weight, BF%, BMI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Kinesiology, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Ting Huang
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Yin Wang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Wang R, Zhang X, Ren H, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Chai Y, Hou X. Effects of different exercise types on visceral fat in young individuals with obesity aged 6-24 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:987804. [PMID: 36246116 PMCID: PMC9562999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.987804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of pediatric obesity remains high all over the world. Various exercise interventions have been applied to decrease the visceral fat in young individuals with obesity. But the evidence remains controversial on the effect of the exercise on visceral fat. Moreover, it is unclear which type of the exercise is the most effective for young individuals with overweight or obesity to reduce visceral fat. Objective: The objective of this review and meta-analysis is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions on visceral fat in young individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods: Four databases consisting of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library were searched prior to May 2022. Fifteen studies with a total of 30 data points involving 1,134 participants were included in this meta-analysis. And the interventions were limited to 4 exercise types [i.e., aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise (CE), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)]. Data Synthesis: The results showed that AE (Standardized Mean Difference = -0.32; 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.13; p = 0.0007; I2 = 37%) and HIIT (SMD = -0.59; 95% CI = -0.87 to -0.31; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) had a significant reduction effect on visceral fat. And the effect of HIIT seemed better than AE. However, RE (SMD = -0.58; 95% CI = -1.34 to 0.17; p = 0.13; I2 = 76%) and CE (SMD = -0.21; 95% CI = -0.81 to 0.38; p = 0.48; I2 = 63%) had a non-significant effect on visceral fat decline. Additionally, compared with the control group, exercise interventions had a significant effect on reducing visceral fat in adolescents (SMD = -0.54; 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.26; p = 0.0001; I2 = 64%) and young adults (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.69 to -0.15; p = 0.003; I2 = 0%) rather than children (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.32 to 0.02; p = 0.08; I2 = 0%). And the gender-based subgroup analysis indicated that the effectiveness of the exercise on the reduction of visceral fat was more significant in males (SMD = -1.27; 95% CI = -1.67 to -0.87; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) than that in females (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI = -0.48 to -0.14; p = 0.0004; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: This review and meta-analysis demonstrates that exercise interventions are efficient to decrease visceral fat in adolescents (12-18 years old) and young adults (18-24 years old). Among different exercise types, AE and HIIT are helpful for young individuals with overweight or obesity to reduce visceral fat and HIIT appears to be the most effective exercise intervention. In addition, the effect of exercise interventions on the consumption of visceral fat is more significant in males than that in females. Systematic Review Registration: [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42022310878].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Yuan
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlong Chai
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiao Hou,
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Effects of Strength Training on Body Fat in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070995. [PMID: 35883978 PMCID: PMC9319224 DOI: 10.3390/children9070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood overweight and obesity represent a growing public health problem worldwide. Since the 1980s, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased by 47%. The promotion of exercise is an important intervention to reduce the physical damage of obesity. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the general guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched from August to December 2021. The search yielded 722 titles published between 2000 and 2021. After screening the titles and abstracts, 64 duplicate articles were detected, and 27 articles were ultimately included in the systematic review, including 26 articles published in English and one published in Spanish. There was a statistically significant effect of the strength training interventions on the percentage of body fat, Test of 0 i = (p = 0.00, z = 6.92), Test of 0 = (p = 0.00, Q (9) = 42.63). The findings reveal that strength training has a positive impact on the treatment of body fat in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.
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Sánchez Chapul L, Pérez de la Cruz G, Ramos Chávez LA, Valencia León JF, Torres Beltrán J, Estrada Camarena E, Carillo Mora P, Ramírez Ortega D, Baños Vázquez JU, Martínez Nava G, Luna Angulo A, Martínez Canseco C, Wences Chirino TY, Ríos Martínez J, Pérez de la Cruz V. Characterization of Redox Environment and Tryptophan Catabolism through Kynurenine Pathway in Military Divers’ and Swimmers’ Serum Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071223. [PMID: 35883715 PMCID: PMC9312203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance and resistance exercises, alone or in combination, induce metabolic changes that affect tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main route of Trp degradation, and it is modulated by the inflammatory and redox environments. Previous studies have shown that KP metabolites work as myokines that mediate the positive systemic effects related to exercise. However, it is poorly understood how different exercise modalities and intensities impact the KP. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of two different exercise modalities, military diving and swimming, on the KP and the redox environment. A total of 34 healthy men from the Mexican Navy were included in the study, 20 divers and 14 swimmers, who started and stayed in military training consistently during the six months of the study; 12 Mexican men without fitness training were used as the control group. Physical fitness was determined at the beginning and after 6 months of training; criteria included body composition; serum levels of Trp, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK); the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG); and malondialdehyde (MDA).. Results showed a significant loss of body fat in both the diver and swimmer groups. Compared with the control group, divers showed a decrease in Trp and 3-HK levels, but no changes were observed in the KYN/Trp, KYNA/Trp or 3-HK/Trp ratios, while swimmers showed a decrease in KYN levels and an increase in the KYNA and 3-HK levels. Additionally, divers showed a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio and an increase in MDA levels, in contrast to the swimmers, who showed a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in GSH/GSSG levels. Our findings suggest a differential shift in the KP and redox environment induced by diving and swimming. Swimming promotes an antioxidant environment and a peripheral overactivation of the KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
- Dirección General Adjunta de Sanidad Naval, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (L.S.C.); (V.P.d.l.C.); Tel.: +52-55-5999-1000 (ext. 19204) (L.S.C.); +52-55-5606-3822 (ext. 2006) (V.P.d.l.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Pérez de la Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Lucio Antonio Ramos Chávez
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Jesús F. Valencia León
- Dirección General Adjunta de Sanidad Naval, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
| | - Joel Torres Beltrán
- Subdirección de Medicina del Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Erika Estrada Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Paul Carillo Mora
- División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Daniela Ramírez Ortega
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - José U. Baños Vázquez
- Escuela de Búsqueda y Rescate y Buceo, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Martínez Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Alexandra Luna Angulo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
| | - Carlos Martínez Canseco
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Tiffany Y. Wences Chirino
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
| | - Juan Ríos Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud de la Secretaria de Marina, Mexico City 04849, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.S.C.); (V.P.d.l.C.); Tel.: +52-55-5999-1000 (ext. 19204) (L.S.C.); +52-55-5606-3822 (ext. 2006) (V.P.d.l.C.)
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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Bouamra M, Zouhal H, Ratel S, Makhlouf I, Bezrati I, Chtara M, Behm DG, Granacher U, Chaouachi A. Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:869063. [PMID: 35669575 PMCID: PMC9164296 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.869063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50% resistance (RT) and 50% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80–110% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3–4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bouamra
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) EA 1274, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Urs Granacher, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- AME2P, EA 3533, Clermont-Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Issam Makhlouf
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Bezrati
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Urs Granacher, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Salse‐Batán J, Sanchez‐Lastra MA, Suárez‐Iglesias D, Pérez CA. Effects of exercise training on obesity-related parameters in people with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2022; 66:413-441. [PMID: 35297122 PMCID: PMC9314046 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to synthesise existing knowledge concerning the effects of exercise interventions on obesity (i.e. changes in body weight and composition) have been made, but scientific evidence in this matter is still limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify and critically analyse the best available evidence regarding the use of physical exercise as a strategy to attenuate obesity through its effects on adiposity-related anthropometric parameters in people with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library through specific keywords up to July 2020. The search adhered to the population, intervention, comparison and outcome strategy. Randomised controlled trials addressing the effects of the exercise intervention on adiposity-related anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage or body weight) in children, adolescents and adults with ID were included. The methodological quality of the studies found was evaluated through the PEDro scale. RESULTS A total of nine investigations with children and/or adolescents (10-19 years) and 10 investigations with adults (18-70 years) were selected, mostly experiencing mild and moderate ID. Methodological quality was fair in 13 of these publications, good in five and excellent in one. Seventeen trials reported comparable baseline and post-intervention data for the intervention and control groups and were included in the meta-analysis. In nine studies, the intervention group performed a cardiovascular training programme. Five papers described a combined training programme. Two trials executed whole-body vibration training programmes, and one publication proposed balance training as the primary intervention. According to the meta-analysis results, the reviewed studies proposed exercise modalities that, in comparison with the activities performed by the participants' in the respective control groups, did not have a greater impact on the variables assessed. CONCLUSIONS While physical exercise can contribute to adiposity-related anthropometric parameters in people with mild and moderate ID, these findings show that exercise alone is not sufficient to manage obesity in this population. Multicomponent interventions appear to be the best choice when they incorporate dietary deficit, physical activity increase and behaviour change strategies. Finding the most effective modality of physical exercise can only aid weight loss interventions. Future research would benefit from comparing the effects of different exercise modalities within the framework of a multicomponent weight management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Salse‐Batán
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - M. A. Sanchez‐Lastra
- Grupo de Investigación Wellness and Movement, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do DeporteUniversidade de VigoPontevedraSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur)Sergas‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | - D. Suárez‐Iglesias
- VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports SciencesUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - C. Ayán Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Wellness and Movement, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do DeporteUniversidade de VigoPontevedraSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur)Sergas‐UVIGOVigoSpain
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Sinha MK, Maiya GA, Moga AM, K N S, Shankar N R, K V. Exercise dose-response relationship with heart rate variability in individuals with overweight and obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e047821. [PMID: 35470179 PMCID: PMC9039408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease process and serious public health concern that can lead to chronic diseases, medical complications and a higher risk of disability. Another significant feature of obesity is dysfunction in cardiac autonomic function, which leads to changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation, which can be measured using heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this review is to estimate the extent to which exercise doses impacts on HRV among individuals living with overweight and obesity class I and II. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic literature search will be performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for articles dating from 1965 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria include studies designed as parallel-arm randomised trials, enrolling adolescent and adult individuals with overweight (body mass index, BMI≥25 to ≤29.9) and obesity (class I BMI: 30-34.9 and class II BMI: 35-39.9) undergoing aerobic or resistance training or concurrent exercise training. For data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment, Stata V.13.0 software will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required. This systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019104154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ana Maria Moga
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shivashankar K N
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical college, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Shankar N
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali K
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Jackson S, Creo A, Kumar S. Are Clinicians Aggressive Enough in Treating Diabetes-Related Hyperlipidemia in Youth? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:471-481. [PMID: 35404039 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subclinical atherosclerotic changes are noted in youth with diabetes; therefore, timely identification and management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors including hyperlipidemia is crucial. We review the current guidelines for hyperlipidemia screening and treatment in youth with T1D and T2D. We discuss the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies including dietary modifications, exercise, and glycemic control and pharmacological therapy. We summarize reported rates of treatment of diabetes-related hyperlipidemia in youth. RECENT FINDINGS Hyperlipidemia is prevalent among youth with T1D and T2D. Vast majority of youth with diabetes-related hyperlipidemia do not receive lipid-lowering treatments. There are several factors that contribute to suboptimal management of hyperlipidemia in youth with diabetes including limited data on efficacy and safety of statins in youth with diabetes. We propose strategies to improve hyperlipidemia management including education of providers and patients, quality improvement methods, and electronic health record alerts. Additionally, further studies are warranted to examine the safety of statins in youth with diabetes, cost-benefit analysis to aggressive screening and treatment, and long-term effect for improving cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana Creo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Melo RSB, Carmo CDSD, Ribeiro CCC, Soeiro VMDS, Caldas ADJM. Associação do comportamento ativo, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial e citocinas inflamatórias em adolescentes. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35129.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução A inatividade física está associada à obesidade, inflamação crônica e ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo Investigar a associação do comportamento ativo, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) com os níveis séricos de interleucinas inflamatórias em adolescentes. Métodos Estudo transversal de base populacional de adolescentes da rede pública de São Luís, Maranhão. Construiu-se um modelo teórico, baseado na Modelagem com Equações Estruturais, para explorar os efeitos da variável latente “comportamento ativo” ajustada para a situação socioeconômica e sexo com efeitos no IMC, PAD e carga inflamatória. Resultados O comportamento ativo foi associado aos menores valores de PAD (coeficiente padronizado (CP) = -0,146; p = 0,029), enquanto o maior IMC foi associado a maiores valores de PAD (CP = 0,177; p < 0,001). Para os maiores valores do comportamento ativo houve maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,442; p < 0,001) e o maior IMC foi associado à maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,145;p = 0,025). Sexo feminino teve maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,282; p < 0,001). Houve um efeito indireto para o sexo feminino nos menores valores de carga inflamatória via redução do comportamento ativo (CP = -0,155; p < 0,001). Conclusão O comportamento ativo reduz os níveis pressóricos em adolescentes, enquanto o aumento das citocinas inflamatórias induzidas pelo comportamento ativo pode estar envolvido na sua resposta anti-inflamatória para a prevenção de doenças.
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16
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Melo RSB, Carmo CDSD, Ribeiro CCC, Soeiro VMDS, Caldas ADJM. Association of active behavior, body mass index, blood pressure and inflammatory cytokine in adolescents. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Physical inactivity is associated with obesity, chronic inflammation and the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To investigate the association of active behavior, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with serum levels of inflammatory interleukins in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional population-based study of adolescents from public schools in São Luís, Maranhão. A theoretical model was built, based on Structural Equation Modeling, to explore the effects of the latent variable “active behavior” adjusted for socioeconomic status and gender, with effects on BMI, DBP and inflammatory load. Results Active behavior was associated with lower DBP values (standardized coefficient (SC) = -0.146; p = 0.029), while higher BMI was associated with higher DBP values (SC = 0.177; p < 0.001). For the highest values of active behavior there was a higher inflammatory load (SC = 0.442; p < 0.001); and a higher BMI was associated with a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.145; p = 0.025). Female gender had a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.282; p < 0.001). There was an indirect effect for females on lower inflammatory load values via reduction in active behavior (SC = -0.155; p < 0.001). Conclusion Active behavior reduces blood pressure levels in adolescents; while the increase in inflammatory cytokines induced by active behavior may be involved in their anti-inflammatory response for disease prevention.
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The Effects of Different Exercise Modalities in the Treatment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents with Sedentary Behavior-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8111062. [PMID: 34828775 PMCID: PMC8623410 DOI: 10.3390/children8111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has become increasingly prevalent in adolescents due to unhealthy diet habits, sedentary behavior and a lack of physical activities. This study aims to assess the effects of different exercise modalities in the treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in obese adolescents with sedentary behavior. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI and VIP database) from the earliest available date to August 2021. Nineteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 704 participants were included. The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality by the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and a statistical analysis was performed by the Review Manage 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software. RESULTS The results of the meta-analysis showed that exercise could significantly improve obese adolescents' body mass index (BMI) (MD = -1.99, 95% CI: -2.81 to -1.17, p < 0.00001), low density liptein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.37, p = 0.002), triglyceride (TG) (SMD = -0.93, 95% CI: -1.72 to -0.14, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = -1.00, 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.26, p = 0.008), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (MD = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.52 to 5.02, p = 0.0003) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = -2.07, 95% CI: -3.3 to -0.84, p = 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in high-density liptein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: -0.28 to 1.08, p = 0.25). CONCLUSION Exercise can effectively improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescents with sedentary behavior. For obese adolescents who want to lose weight and improve cardiorespiratory fitness, combined aerobic and resistance training and high-intensity interval training are optimal choices. For obese adolescents with high blood lipids, aerobic training can be regarded as a primary exercise modality to reduce the high risk of cardiovascular diseases; For obese adolescents with insulin resistance, combined aerobic and resistance training can be considered to reduce the high risk of diabetes. It is hoped that more high-quality studies will further expand the meta-analysis results and demonstrate the optimal exercise frequency and treatment intensity of cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescents with sedentary behavior in the future.
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Ding M, Yi X, Yan P, McDonough DJ, Gao Z, Dong X. Application of an Online Combination Exercise Intervention to Improve Physical and Mental Health in Obese Children: A Single Arm Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:638618. [PMID: 34594257 PMCID: PMC8478076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a global public health concern in the past decade. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an online combination exercise intervention in improving the physical and mental health of obese children. Methods: This study adopted a one-group pre-test and post-test research design. A total of 28 obese children from 6 elementary schools in Heze City, Shandong Province, China, were recruited. All participants received an 8-week online combination exercise intervention and were tested at a three-month follow-up. Participants were tested and surveyed regarding their demographic, feasibility, and obesity indicators using mental health and quality of life questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: A total of 26 obese children (Meanage = 10.15 years) completed the study. The retention rate was 92.9% for the entire trial (two obese children withdrew due to their inability to exercise) and no adverse events were reported. In addition, the obese children completed 25/32 (78.1%) of the online courses. After 8 weeks of the intervention, the changes in the body fat percentage of the obese children [mean difference (MD) = –3.126, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = –1.777], thinking dimension score (MD = 1.654, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.603), total quality of life score (MD = 6.385, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.610), and work attitude dimension score (MD = 1.346, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.744) showed significant differences compared to the baseline. However, no significant differences were identified between the post-intervention and three-month follow-up measurements (p > 0.05), and we assumed that the intervention effect was maintained three months after the intervention. Conclusion: An online combination exercise intervention is a safe and feasible option to improve the mental health and quality of life of obese children and may have long-term health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangren Yi
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peisai Yan
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Daniel J McDonough
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zan Gao
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Xiaosheng Dong
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Cao Y, Zhu L, Liu J. Effects of aerobic exercise on obese children with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1069-1079. [PMID: 34293838 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is systemic metabolic disease that results from insulin resistance or obesity. Numerous meta-analyses have investigated the effect of exercise on different populations, but none were aimed at the effect of aerobic exercise alone on obese children. This review systematically assessed and performed a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise on obese children with MetS. CONTENT MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library were searched and screened from inception to 20 October 2020 for randomized controlled trials. The inclusion criteria were obese children who met the criteria for MetS and aged 5-19 years old in an aerobic exercise group. The meta-analysis included eight trials with a total of 197 participants. Aerobic exercise significantly improved the waist circumference (mean difference [MD]=-3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-6.12 to -1.83; p<0.01), body mass index (standardized MD [SMD]=-0.5; 95% CI=-0.70 to -0.29; p<0.01), triglyceride (SMD=-24.6; 95% CI=-33.85 to -15.35; p<0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD=2.36; 95% CI=0.44 to 4.27; p<0.01), and systolic blood pressure (SMD=-6.90; 95% CI=-10.46 to -3.35; p<0.01). SUMMARY Based on the results of this meta-analysis, during the intervention period of the included studies, aerobic exercise alone mainly affected the lipoprotein, blood pressure, and body dimensions but cannot completely cure the MetS of obese children. OUTLOOK The effects of different types of aerobic exercise on obese children with MetS and exercise dose to cure the MetS of obese children needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Lambertucci AC, Lofrano-Prado MC, Lambertucci RH, Botero JP, Dâmaso AR, do Prado WL. Effect of behavioral counseling therapy with or without physical activity on inflammatory markers in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Ferrari Silva B, Barletta F, Pedro RE, Batista ML, Hernandes L, Franzói de Moraes SM, Barnabé Peres S. Concurrent training remodels the subcutaneous adipose tissue extracellular matrix of people living with HIV: a non-randomized clinical trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1476-1486. [PMID: 34293264 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluate the effect of 12wks of concurrent training (CT) in extracellular matrix (ECM) of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in people living with HIV/aids (PLWHA). To the non-randomized clinical trial 19 participants, 11 healthy (HIV-) and 18 PLWHA under the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 1 year (HIV+). All participants engaged in a moderate-intensity CT program for 12 weeks, three times a week. Before and after CT, aerobic and strength performance were assessed, as well as anthropometry and biochemical blood profile. Also, SAT biopsies were carried out for histologic and morphometric analysis. The statistical analysis was carried out with R Studio, using descriptive and inferential analysis, ANOVA test and mixed-effect model were utilized (P<0.05). HIV+ showed higher levels of VLDL, TGL, and lower levels of HDL in baseline than HIV- (P<0.05). All groups improved aerobic and strength performance (P<0.05). Both groups presented reduced adipocyte sizes after CT (P<0,05). Lastly, HIV+ presented smaller adipocytes and higher elastic fiber deposition in baseline and decreased after training only in HIV+, matching similarly to HIV- group. Thus, CT in PLWHA promoted a decrease in size heterogeneity of adipocytes and elastic fiber deposition, remodeling ECM and improving SAT fibrosis profile. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (UTN: U1111-1214-3022) Novelty • Adipose tissue fibrosis is improved by training in people living with HIV. • Concurrent training remodels adipose tissue extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ferrari Silva
- State University of Maringá Maringá, Department of Physiological Sciences, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - F Barletta
- State University of Maringá Maringá, Department of Biostatistics, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - R E Pedro
- State University of Londrina, 37894, Department of Physical Education, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Miguel L Batista
- University of Mogi das Cruzes, 133647, Department of Integrated Biotechnology, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil;
| | - L Hernandes
- State University of Maringá Maringá, Department of Morphological Sciences, Paraná, Brazil;
| | | | - Sidney Barnabé Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Maringa, 42487, Physiological Sciences, Maringa, PR, Brazil;
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22
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Truong K, Park S, Tsiros MD, Milne N. Physiotherapy and related management for childhood obesity: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252572. [PMID: 34125850 PMCID: PMC8202913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite targeted efforts globally to address childhood overweight/obesity, it remains poorly understood and challenging to manage. Physiotherapists have the potential to manage children with obesity as they are experts in movement and physical activity. However, their role remains unclear due to a lack of physiotherapy-specific guidelines. This scoping review aims to explore existing literature, critically appraising and synthesising findings to guide physiotherapists in the evidence-based management of childhood overweight/obesity. METHOD A scoping review was conducted, including literature up to May 2020. A review protocol exists on Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/fap8g/. Four databases were accessed including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline via OVID, with grey literature searched through google via "file:pdf". A descriptive synthesis was undertaken to explore the impact of existing interventions and their efficacy. RESULTS From the initial capture of 1871 articles, 263 intervention-based articles were included. Interventions included qualitative focused physical activity, quantitative focused physical activity and multicomponent interventions. Various outcome measures were utilised including health-, performance- and behaviour-related outcomes. The general trend for physiotherapy involvement with children who are obese appears to favour: 1) multicomponent interventions, implementing more than one component with environmental modification and parental involvement and 2) quantitative physical activity interventions, focusing on the quantity of bodily movement. These approaches most consistently demonstrated desirable changes across behavioural and health-related outcome measures for multicomponent and quantitative physical activity interventions respectively. CONCLUSION When managing children with obesity, physiotherapists should consider multicomponent approaches and increasing the quantity of physical activity, given consistent improvements in various obesity-related outcomes. Such approaches are well suited to the scope of physiotherapists and their expertise in physical activity prescription for the management of childhood obesity. Future research should examine the effect of motor skill interventions and consider the role of environmental modification/parental involvement as factors contributing to intervention success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Truong
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Park
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margarita D. Tsiros
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nikki Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
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24
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Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and aerobic exercise improve functioning, morphology, and redox balance in prostate obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6282. [PMID: 33737530 PMCID: PMC7973565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
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25
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Effects of Four Weeks of High-Intensity Intermittent Training and Continuous Walking on Atherogenic Indices of Obese Middle-Aged Men. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/mlj.15.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Seral-Cortes M, De Miguel-Etayo P, Zapata P, Miguel-Berges ML, Moreno LA. Effectiveness and process evaluation in obesity and type 2 diabetes prevention programs in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:348. [PMID: 33579237 PMCID: PMC7881469 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children is one of the most severe public health challenges of the current century and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) frequency is also escalating. More so, the importance of process evaluation (PE) in complex interventions is increasingly recognized. The present review, aims to identify the effectiveness in terms of body composition parameters in a generation of articles to prevent obesity and T2DM in children. We hypothesise that those studies reporting PE applying the latest implementation guidelines suggested by the researchers would potentially show positive changes in body composition compared to those not reporting it. Additionally, we will evaluate the implementation degree of PE in those articles considering it and describe the PE subcomponents. Lastly, we aim to assess the intervention target used and its results. METHODS A literature review was performed in parallel by 2 independent reviewers. A final number of 41 studies were selected for inclusion criteria. RESULTS Meta-analysis of BMI and zBMI found non-significant effects of the proposed interventions. Sub-group analysis revealed only a significant effect in studies which performed PE. Moreover, PE was reported in 42% effective studies and 57% non-effective studies. Fidelity and satisfaction were the most implemented PE subcomponents, although there was a generally low grade of PE use (7/41). The highest proportion of effectiveness (83%) was shown in interventions of physical activity alone while the intervention most used was 3-arm target (diet, PA and BS). CONCLUSIONS Overall, obesity and T2DM prevention studies included in this review are not effective in terms of BMI and zBMI. Those studies performing PE reported to be effective in terms of BMI, while studies not reporting PE did not have positive results in terms of BMI and zBMI. In addition, none of the intervention studies included all PE indicators and most studies, which included PE in their interventions, did not provide full report of the PE components, according to the guidelines used for the present review. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018093667.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seral-Cortes
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Zapata
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de nutrición y dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Lee J. Influences of exercise interventions on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:502-516. [PMID: 33569831 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conflicting findings of the effects of exercise on body fat, free fat mass, insulin, insulin resistance, and physical fitness for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of exercise interventions in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity depending on exercise type and to build effective exercise interventions to reduce risks of metabolic disorders. METHODS Databases were used to find eligible studies regarding the effects of exercise interventions on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in randomized controlled trails. Effect size was calculated using the standardized mean difference statistic and heterogeneity across studies was estimated using the Q statistic. RESULTS A total of 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Children and adolescents with overweight and obesity who participated in aerobic exercise had reduced body mass index, % body fat, fasting insulin, free fat mass, TNF-α, and IL-6, and increased physical fitness compared with control groups. Reduced free fat mass in resistance exercise was not found. Glucose, insulin resistance, blood pressure, C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood markers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, LDL, and HDL did not have significant change. Average exercise interventions were aerobic exercise, 3 times/week, 60 min, and 36 weeks of exercise period. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise may be beneficial to reduce body fat, fasting insulin, and inflammatory markers, and increased physical fitness for overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence, but resistance exercise may be added, which can help avoid muscle loss in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junga Lee
- Sports Medicine and Science, KyungHee University, Global Campus, Republic of Korea
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28
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, Ponce-González JG, Corral-Pérez J, Velázquez-Díaz D, Lavie CJ, Jiménez-Pavón D. Effect of a 12-Week Concurrent Training Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Men: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:630831. [PMID: 33643072 PMCID: PMC7905165 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.630831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention on cardiometabolic health in obese men. Twelve obese men (42.5 ± 5.3 years old) participated in the current 12−week randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design. The participants were randomly assigned to a concurrent training group or to a no-exercise control group. Anthropometry and body composition assessment were determined by electrical bio-impedance. Blood samples were obtained and a cardiometabolic risk Z-Score was calculated. Energy metabolism-related parameters [i.e., resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation in both resting conditions and during exercise] were determined by indirect calorimetry. Echocardiographic studies were performed using an ultrasound system equipped with a transducer to measure cardiac function. A significant decrease of weight (Δ = −4.21 kg; i.e., primary outcome), body mass index (Δ = −1.32 kg/m2), fat mass (FM; Δ = −3.27 kg), blood pressure (BP; Δ = −10.81 mmHg), and cardiometabolic risk Z-Score (Δ = −0.39) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05), while no significant changes were noted in waist circumference (WC), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content, glycemic and lipid profiles, liver function, nor in energy metabolism-related parameters (all P > 0.1). Moreover, a significant increment of left ventricular (LV) end diastolic diameter (Δ = −4.35 mm) was observed in the exercise group compared with the control group (P = 0.02). A 12-week concurrent training intervention is an effective strategy to induce weight and fat loss with simultaneous reductions of BP and cardiometabolic risk, and improving cardiac function in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús G Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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29
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Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
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30
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Calleja M, Caetano Feitoza N, Falk B, Klentrou P, Ward WE, Sullivan PJ, Josse AR. Increased dairy product consumption as part of a diet and exercise weight management program improves body composition in adolescent females with overweight and obesity-A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12690. [PMID: 32602233 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise can improve body composition in adolescents and adults with overweight/obesity. Consumption of dairy foods, as part of a healthy lifestyle program, can also promote favourable body composition changes in adults with overweight/obesity. However, the few studies examining these combined effects on body composition in adolescents are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To determine whether increased dairy product consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification program featuring exercise training and dietary guidance promotes favourable body composition changes in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. METHODS Fifty-four participants (age: 14.8 ± 2.2y; BMI percentile: 95th ± 6) assigned to three groups completed the study. There were two experimental groups: recommended dairy (RDa; n = 24) and low dairy (LDa; n = 22), and a no-intervention control group (Con; n = 8). RDa and LDa participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention consisting of mixed-mode exercise (3x/week), and nutritional counselling. RDa was provided 4 servings/day of dairy foods, while LDa and Con maintained habitually low intakes (0-2 servings/day). Body weight/composition, waist/hip circumference, cardiovascular fitness and food intake were assessed at weeks 0 and 12. RESULTS Weight did not significantly change in any group. RDa significantly decreased fat mass (FM) and increased lean mass (LM) more than LDa and Con (FM: -1.3 ± 2.1 kg, -1.1 ± 2.0 kg, 0.8 ± 1.8 kg; LM: 1.5 ± 1.9 kg, 0.7 ± 1.6 kg, 0.5 ± 1.4 kg, respectively). LDa also significantly decreased FM and increased LM more than Con (P < .005; all interactions). CONCLUSION The inclusion of dairy foods in the diet of adolescent females with overweight/obesity, as part of a diet and exercise intervention, favourably improves body composition in the absence of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Calleja
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Natalie Caetano Feitoza
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Philip J Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Andrea R Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Differences in Aerobic Fitness between an Obese Adolescent with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Obese Adolescents and Exercise Training Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051496. [PMID: 32110903 PMCID: PMC7084444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by specific physical and behavioral abnormalities and considered the most commonly known genetic cause of morbid obesity in children. Recent studies indicate that patients suffering from this syndrome have significant problems in skill acquisition, muscle force, cardiovascular fitness, and activity level. In this study, we report an obese adolescent PWS patient of poor aerobic fitness compared with 13 obesity adolescents, and great improvement in cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) outcomes of the PWS patient measured after two weeks of physical exercise training programs.
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32
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Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Pate RR. Exercise and adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031220. [PMID: 31719081 PMCID: PMC6858189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine both the effects and hierarchy of effectiveness for exercise interventions (aerobic, strength training or both) on selected measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat) in overweight and obese children and adolescents. DESIGN Network meta-analysis of randomised exercise intervention trials. SETTING Any setting where a randomised trial could be conducted. PARTICIPANTS Overweight and obese male and/or female children and adolescents 2-18 years of age. INTERVENTIONS Randomised exercise intervention trials>4 weeks, published between 1 January 1973 and 22 August 2018, and which included direct and/or indirect evidence for aerobic, strength training or combined aerobic and strength training. PRIMARY OUTCOMES Changes in BMI in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies representing 127 groups (73 exercise, 54 control) and 2792 participants (1667 exercise, 1125 control) met the criteria for inclusion. Length of training ([Formula: see text] ± SD) averaged 14.1±6.2 weeks, frequency, 3.3±1.1 days per week and duration 42.0±21.0 min per session. Significant and clinically important reductions in BMI, fat mass and per cent body fat were observed in aerobic versus control comparisons (BMI, mean, 95% CI -1.0, 1.4 to -0.6; fat mass -2.1, -3.3 to -1.0 kg; per cent fat -1.5, -2.2 to -0.9%) and combined aerobic and strength versus control comparisons (BMI -0.7, -1.4 to -0.1; fat mass -2.5, -4.1 to -1.0 kg; per cent fat, -2.2, -3.2 to -1.2%). A significant reduction in per cent fat was also found for strength vs control comparisons (-1.3,-2.5 to -0.1%). Combined aerobic and strength training was ranked first for improving both fat mass (kg) and per cent body fat while aerobic exercise was ranked first for improving BMI. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic and combined aerobic and strength training are associated with improvements in adiposity outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017073103.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Kelley
- Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristi S Kelley
- Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Lee S, Kim Y, Kuk JL. What Is the Role of Resistance Exercise in Improving the Cardiometabolic Health of Adolescents with Obesity? J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:76-91. [PMID: 31294340 PMCID: PMC6604849 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, individuals with obesity have been encouraged to participate in aerobic exercise for long-term weight management and improved obesity-related health outcomes. Recently, resistance exercise has become a popular mode of exercise among youth with obesity. However, to date, the literature is mixed as to whether resistance exercise training alone improves body weight, fat free mass, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, or atherogenic lipoprotein profiles. The limited research in this area suggests potential sex differences in response to resistance training in youth. The literature is more consistent in demonstrating improvements in muscular fitness and insulin resistance independent of caloric restriction and weight loss. Although major health organizations recommend combining aerobic and resistance training, little research has examined the effects of their combination versus their individual effects, thus it is unclear whether their combination is associated with benefits that extend beyond those of either exercise modality alone. The purpose of this review is to examine the effects of resistance exercise on body composition and the health risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in youth with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoJung Lee
- Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - YoonMyung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jennifer L Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Álvarez C, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ramírez-Campillo R, Lucia A, Alonso-Martinez AM, Faúndez H, Cadore EL, Izquierdo M. Improvements cardiometabolic risk factors in Latin American Amerindians (the Mapuche) with concurrent training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:886-896. [PMID: 30770586 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of CT (ie, high-intensity interval and resistance training) in Mapuche adults from Chile and in their peers of European descent. In total, 96 hyperglycemic adult women (mean age 46 years [95% confidence interval; 38, 53]) were divided in four groups: Mapuche CT (Map-CT, n = 14) or control group (Map-CG, n = 44), and European CT (Eur-CT, n = 14) or control group (Eur-CG, n = 23). The following endpoints were analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks: anthropometric (body mass, body mass index, waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiovascular (systolic [SBP]/diastolic [DBP] blood pressure), metabolic (blood fasting glucose and total cholesterol), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant/non-dominant arm). There were significant positive changes in body mass, body fat, and muscle mass (P < 0.0001) in both Map-CT and Eur-CT groups, whereas waist circumference was decreased significantly only in the Eur-CT group (P < 0.0001). Both Map-CT and Eur-CT groups showed decreased levels of fasting glucose (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Also, both Map-CT (P < 0.05) and Eur-CT (P = 0.01) groups showed a lowered SBP. Finally, significant increases were observed after training in handgrip strength (dominant arm) in Map-CT and Eur-CT groups (both P < 0.0001). CT led to similar improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic syndrome development in Mapuche and European participants, with additional improvements in other anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle strength parameters related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome. These results suggest future more complex studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (Faculty of Sport Sciences) and Research Institute 'i+12', Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martinez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Harry Faúndez
- Education department of La Unión city, La Unión, Chile
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Sirico F, Bianco A, D'Alicandro G, Castaldo C, Montagnani S, Spera R, Di Meglio F, Nurzynska D. Effects of Physical Exercise on Adiponectin, Leptin, and Inflammatory Markers in Childhood Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Child Obes 2018; 14:207-217. [PMID: 29762052 PMCID: PMC5994661 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New findings on adipose tissue physiology and obesity-associated inflammation status suggest that modification of the adipokine level can be relevant for the long-term prevention of obesity-associated chronic disease. OBJECTIVES The scope of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of physical exercise in reducing the systemic inflammation related to obesity in children. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled randomized trials, identified through electronic database search, which investigated the effect of physical exercise, without concomitant dietary intervention, on adiponectin, leptin, and/or other inflammatory markers in children up to age 18 years with a body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex. RESULTS Seven trials were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 250 participants. Compared with the control group without any lifestyle modification, the physical exercise resulted in a reduction in leptin [standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.13; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.89 to -0.37; I2 = 79.9%] and interleukin-6 (SMD -0.84; 95%CI: -1.45 to -0.23, I2 = 0.9%) and an increase in adiponectin plasma concentration (SMD 0.69; 95%CI: 0.02-1.35; I2 = 74.3%). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that physical exercise improved the inflammatory state in children with obesity. It is unclear whether this effect can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood. Clinical trials with a uniform intervention protocol and outcome measurements are required to put our knowledge on adipose tissue biology into a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Sirico
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianco
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Centre for Sports Medicine and Disability, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Spera
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, Human Anatomy, and Sports Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the most common chronic liver disease. As a consequence, NAFLD and especially its inflammatory form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the fastest increasing etiology of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Physical inactivity is related to the severity of fatty liver disease irrespective of body weight, supporting the hypothesis that increasing physical activity through exercise can improve fatty liver disease. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of physical exercise on NAFLD and NASH. Several clinical trials have shown that both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce the hepatic fat content. From clinical and basic scientific studies, it is evident that exercise affects fatty liver disease through various pathways. Improved peripheral insulin resistance reduces the excess delivery of free fatty acids and glucose for free fatty acid synthesis to the liver. In the liver, exercise increases fatty acid oxidation, decreases fatty acid synthesis, and prevents mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage through a reduction of the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. In conclusion, physical exercise is a proven therapeutic strategy to improve fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J. van der Windt
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vikas Sud
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Allan Tsung
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- *Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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González-Ruiz K, Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Peterson MD, García-Hermoso A. The Effects of Exercise on Abdominal Fat and Liver Enzymes in Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Child Obes 2017; 13:272-282. [PMID: 28322576 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of obesity and the multiple position stands promoting exercise for the treatment of obesity and hepatic function, a meta-analytic approach has not previously been used to examine the effects in the pediatric population. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on abdominal fat, liver enzymes, and intrahepatic fat in overweight and obese youth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of supervised exercise interventions on abdominal fat (visceral and subcutaneous fat), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and intrahepatic fat. Fourteen clinical trials (1231 youths) were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference [SMD] and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Exercise was associated with a significant reduction in visceral (SMD = -0.661; 95% CI, -0.976 to -0.346; p < 0.001), subcutaneous (SMD = -0.352; 95% CI, -0.517 to -0.186; p < 0.001) and intrahepatic fat (SMD = -0.802; 95% CI, -1.124 to -0.480; p < 0.001), as well as gamma-glutamyl transferase (SMD = -0.726; 95% CI, -1.203 to -0.249; p < 0.001), but did not alter any other liver enzyme. Subgroup analysis recommends exercise programs that involve aerobic exercise longer than three sessions per week. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports current recommendation for physical exercise, mainly aerobic, as an effective intervention for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression by targeting hepatic lipid composition, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42016042163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine González-Ruiz
- 1 Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá DC, Colombia .,2 Grupo de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Deporte, Vicerrectoría de investigación, Universidad Manuela Beltrán , Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- 1 Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- 1 Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Mark D Peterson
- 3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI.,4 Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- 5 Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) , Santiago, Chile
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Metabolic effects of resistance or high-intensity interval training among glycemic control-nonresponsive children with insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:79-87. [PMID: 28757639 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little evidence exists on which variables of body composition or muscular strength mediates more glucose control improvements taking into account inter-individual metabolic variability to different modes of exercise training. OBJECTIVE We examined 'mediators' to the effects of 6-weeks of resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIT) on glucose control parameters in physically inactive schoolchildren with insulin resistance (IR). Second, we also determined both training-induce changes and the prevalence of responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to decrease the IR level. METHODS Fifty-six physically inactive children diagnosed with IR followed a RT or supervised HIT program for 6 weeks. Participants were classified based on ΔHOMA-IR into glycemic control R (decrease in homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) <3.0 after intervention) and NRs (no changes or values HOMA-IR⩾3.0 after intervention). The primary outcome was HOMA-IR associated with their mediators; second, the training-induced changes to glucose control parameters; and third the report of R and NR to improve body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic and performance variables. RESULTS Mediation analysis revealed that improvements (decreases) in abdominal fat by the waist circumference can explain more the effects (decreases) of HOMA-IR in physically inactive schoolchildren under RT or HIT regimes. The same analysis showed that increased one-maximum repetition leg-extension was correlated with the change in HOMA-IR (β=-0.058; P=0.049). Furthermore, a change in the waist circumference fully mediated the dose-response relationship between changes in the leg-extension strength and HOMA-IR (β'=-0.004; P=0.178). RT or HIT were associated with significant improvements in body composition, muscular strength, blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters irrespective of improvement in glycemic control response. Both glucose control RT-R and HIT-R (respectively), had significant improvements in mean HOMA-IR, mean muscular strength leg-extension and mean measures of adiposity. CONCLUSIONS The improvements in the lower body strength and the decreases in waist circumference can explain more the effects of the improvements in glucose control of IR schoolchildren in R group after 6 weeks of RT or HIT, showing both regimes similar effects on body composition or muscular strength independent of interindividual metabolic response variability.
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Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040405. [PMID: 28425939 PMCID: PMC5409744 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has been growing exponentially and, concomitant with this, the increase in the incidence of obesity and associated complications has followed the same behavior. Studies indicate that fructose may be a carbohydrate with greater obesogenic potential than other sugars. In this context, the liver seems to be a key organ for understanding the deleterious health effects promoted by fructose consumption. Fructose promotes complications in glucose metabolism, accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes, and alterations in the lipid profile, which, associated with an inflammatory response and alterations in the redox state, will imply a systemic picture of insulin resistance. However, physical exercise has been indicated for the treatment of several chronic diseases. In this review, we show how each exercise protocol (aerobic, strength, or a combination of both) promote improvements in the obesogenic state created by fructose consumption as an improvement in the serum and liver lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increase and decrease triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels) and a reduction of markers of inflammation caused by an excess of fructose. Therefore, it is concluded that the practice of aerobic physical exercise, strength training, or a combination of both is essential for attenuating the complications developed by the consumption of fructose.
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García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ramírez-Campillo R, Peterson MD, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:161-166. [PMID: 27986760 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to aerobic exercise alone for the health of obese children and adolescents. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Computerised search of 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that compared the effect of supervised concurrent exercise versus aerobic exercise interventions, with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in paediatric obesity (6-18 years old). The mean differences (MD) of the parameters from preintervention to postintervention between groups were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS 12 trials with 555 youths were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, concurrent exercise resulted in greater reductions in body mass (MD=-2.28 kg), fat mass (MD=-3.49%; and MD=-4.34 kg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=-10.20 mg/dL); as well as greater increases in lean body mass (MD=2.20 kg) and adiponectin level (MD=2.59 μg/mL). Differences were larger for longer term programmes (>24 weeks). SUMMARY Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise improves body composition, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory state in the obese paediatric population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016039807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte; Laboratorio de Medición y Evaluación Deportiva, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Laboratorio del Ciencias del Ejercicio, Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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