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Herrera-Marcos LV, Arbones-Mainar JM, Osada J. Lipoprotein Lipidomics as a Frontier in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8285. [PMID: 39125855 PMCID: PMC11311740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease characterized by the build-up of fat in the liver of individuals in the absence of alcohol consumption. This condition has become a burden in modern societies aggravated by the lack of appropriate predictive biomarkers (other than liver biopsy). To better understand this disease and to find appropriate biomarkers, a new technology has emerged in the last two decades with the ability to explore the unmapped role of lipids in this disease: lipidomics. This technology, based on the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry, has been extensively used to explore the lipid metabolism of NAFLD. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge gained through lipidomics assays exploring tissues, plasma, and lipoproteins from individuals with NAFLD. Our goal is to identify common features and active pathways that could facilitate the finding of a reliable biomarker from this field. The most frequent observation was a variable decrease (1-9%) in polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and non-esterified fatty acids in NAFLD patients, both in plasma and liver. Additionally, a reduction in phosphatidylcholines is a common feature in the liver. Due to the scarcity of studies, further research is needed to properly detect lipoprotein, plasma, and tissue lipid signatures of NAFLD etiologies, and NAFLD subtypes, and to define the relevance of this technology in disease management strategies in the push toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Matilainen J, Berg V, Vaittinen M, Impola U, Mustonen AM, Männistö V, Malinen M, Luukkonen V, Rosso N, Turunen T, Käkelä P, Palmisano S, Arasu UT, Sihvo SP, Aaltonen N, Härkönen K, Caddeo A, Kaminska D, Pajukanta P, Kaikkonen MU, Tiribelli C, Käkelä R, Laitinen S, Pihlajamäki J, Nieminen P, Rilla K. Increased secretion of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles is associated with adipose tissue inflammation and the mobilization of excess lipid in human obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:623. [PMID: 38965596 PMCID: PMC11225216 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide epidemic characterized by adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. AT is also a source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have recently been implicated in disorders related to metabolic syndrome. However, our understanding of mechanistic aspect of obesity's impact on EV secretion from human AT remains limited. METHODS We investigated EVs from human Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes, and from AT as well as plasma of subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. SGBS cells were treated with TNFα, palmitic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Various analyses, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, high-resolution confocal microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were utilized to study EVs. Plasma EVs were analyzed with imaging flow cytometry. RESULTS EVs from mature SGBS cells differed significantly in size and quantity compared to preadipocytes, disagreeing with previous findings in mouse adipocytes and indicating that adipogenesis promotes EV secretion in human adipocytes. Inflammatory stimuli also induced EV secretion, and altered EV fatty acid (FA) profiles more than those of cells, suggesting the role of EVs as rapid responders to metabolic shifts. Visceral AT (VAT) exhibited higher EV secretion compared to subcutaneous AT (SAT), with VAT EV counts positively correlating with plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Notably, the plasma EVs of subjects with obesity contained a higher number of adiponectin-positive EVs than those of lean subjects, further demonstrating higher AT EV secretion in obesity. Moreover, plasma EV counts of people with obesity positively correlated with body mass index and TNF expression in SAT, connecting increased EV secretion with AT expansion and inflammation. Finally, EVs from SGBS adipocytes and AT contained TAGs, and EV secretion increased despite signs of less active lipolytic pathways, indicating that AT EVs could be involved in the mobilization of excess lipids into circulation. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to provide detailed FA profiles of human AT EVs. We report that AT EV secretion increases in human obesity, implicating their role in TAG transport and association with adverse metabolic parameters, thereby emphasizing their role in metabolic disorders. These findings promote our understanding of the roles that EVs play in human AT biology and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Viivi Berg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Impola
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Malinen
- Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Engineering, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kouvola, Finland
| | - Veera Luukkonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, SS14 Km 163.5 Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tanja Turunen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Surgical Clinic Division, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna P Sihvo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Aaltonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Härkönen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, SS14 Km 163.5 Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Guo Z, Huo X, Li X, Jiang C, Xue L. Advances in regulation and function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in cancer, from bench to bed. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2773-2785. [PMID: 37450239 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The expression of SCD1 is increased in many cancers, and the altered expression contributes to the proliferation, invasion, sternness and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Recently, more evidence has been reported to further support the important role of SCD1 in cancer, and the regulation mechanism of SCD1 has also been focused. Multiple factors are involved in the regulation of SCD1, including metabolism, diet, tumor microenvironment, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and epigenetics modification. Moreover, SCD1 is found to be involved in regulating ferroptosis resistance. Based on these findings, SCD1 has been considered as a potential target for cancer treatment. However, the resistance of SCD1 inhibition may occur in certain tumors due to tumor heterogeneity and metabolic plasticity. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation and function of SCD1 in tumors and discusses the potential clinical application of targeting SCD1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Park KY, Hong S, Kim KS, Han K, Park CY. Prolonged Use of Carnitine-Orotate Complex (Godex ®) Is Associated with Improved Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121970. [PMID: 36556191 PMCID: PMC9787718 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its hepatoprotective effects and favorable metabolic effects, the association between carnitine-orotate complex (Godex®) intake and mortality has never been investigated. We enrolled 13,413 adults who underwent national health examination and were prescribed the carnitine-orotate complex. Subjects were classified into three groups based on duration of using carnitine-orotate complex: <30, 30−180, and ≥180 days and were followed-up until 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. During the follow-up period, 708 deaths were documented. Adjusted HR of mortality was 0.69 (95% CI 0.51−0.92) in those who used carnitine-orotate complex for ≥180 days compared to those who used it for <30 days. Use of carnitine-orotate complex for ≥180 days was associated with significantly reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver than the shorter period of use. A significant interaction was observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29−0.63, p-value 0.001). In this nationwide study, longer use of carnitine-orotate complex was associated with improved mortality compared to a shorter period of use, and the risk reductions were prominent in individuals with metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Yeung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13497, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2001-1869; Fax: +82-2001-1588
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Sun J, Zhang D, Li Y. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909518. [PMID: 35770186 PMCID: PMC9234305 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide due to the sedentary and overeating lifestyle. Yet, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unclear and no drug has been approved for MAFLD treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound particles released from almost all types of cells. These nano-sized particles mediate intercellular communication through their bioactive cargos including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The EVs modulate metabolic homeostasis via communication between adipose tissue and liver. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism leads to inflammation in liver and the number and compounds of EVs are changed during MAFLD. The injured hepatocytes secrete EVs to induce the migration of bone marrow-derived monocytes and the activation of macrophages in liver. The EVs secreted by different cells regulate the alteration of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotypes and HSC activation gives rise to liver fibrosis. Based on the participation of EVs in MAFLD progression, we discuss the prospects of EVs as a therapeutic target and their application in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Dianbao Zhang,
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Dianbao Zhang,
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Yadav J, El Hassani M, Sodhi J, Lauschke VM, Hartman JH, Russell LE. Recent developments in in vitro and in vivo models for improved translation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:207-233. [PMID: 33989099 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1922435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Improved pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) prediction in the early stages of drug development is essential to inform lead optimization strategies and reduce attrition rates. Recently, there have been significant advancements in the development of new in vitro and in vivo strategies to better characterize pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy of drug leads. Herein, we review advances in experimental and mathematical models for clearance predictions, advancements in developing novel tools to capture slowly metabolized drugs, in vivo model developments to capture human etiology for supporting drug development, limitations and gaps in these efforts, and a perspective on the future in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Yadav
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jasleen Sodhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica H Hartman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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