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Caddeo A, Maurotti S, Kovooru L, Romeo S. 3D culture models to study pathophysiology of steatotic liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2024:117544. [PMID: 38677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) refers to a spectrum of diseases caused by hepatic lipid accumulation. SLD has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite this burden and many years, understanding the pathophysiology of this disease is challenging due to the inaccessibility to human liver specimens. Therefore, cell-based in vitro systems are widely used as models to investigate the pathophysiology of SLD. Culturing hepatic cells in monolayers causes the loss of their hepatocyte-specific phenotype and, consequently, tissue-specific function and architecture. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) culture models allow cells to mimic the in vivo microenvironment and spatial organization of the liver unit. The utilization of 3D in vitro models minimizes the drawbacks of two-dimensional (2D) cultures and aligns with the 3Rs principles to alleviate the number of in vivo experiments. This article provides an overview of liver 3D models highlighting advantages and limitations, and culminates by discussing their applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lohitesh Kovooru
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Kowalik MA, Taguchi K, Serra M, Caddeo A, Puliga E, Bacci M, Koshiba S, Inoue J, Hishinuma E, Morandi A, Giordano S, Perra A, Yamamoto M, Columbano A. Metabolic reprogramming in Nrf2-driven proliferation of normal rat hepatocytes. Hepatology 2024; 79:829-843. [PMID: 37603610 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to support bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs and to maintain their redox balance. In several human tumors, the Keap1-Nrf2 system controls proliferation and metabolic reprogramming by regulating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, whether this metabolic reprogramming also occurs in normal proliferating cells is unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS To define the metabolic phenotype in normal proliferating hepatocytes, we induced cell proliferation in the liver by 3 distinct stimuli: liver regeneration by partial hepatectomy and hepatic hyperplasia induced by 2 direct mitogens: lead nitrate (LN) or triiodothyronine. Following LN treatment, well-established features of cancer metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glycolysis, oxidative PPP, nucleic acid synthesis, NAD + /NADH synthesis, and altered amino acid content, as well as downregulated oxidative phosphorylation, occurred in normal proliferating hepatocytes displaying Nrf2 activation. Genetic deletion of Nrf2 blunted LN-induced PPP activation and suppressed hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, Nrf2 activation and following metabolic reprogramming did not occur when hepatocyte proliferation was induced by partial hepatectomy or triiodothyronine. CONCLUSIONS Many metabolic changes in cancer cells are shared by proliferating normal hepatocytes in response to a hostile environment. Nrf2 activation is essential for bridging metabolic changes with crucial components of cancer metabolic reprogramming, including the activation of oxidative PPP. Our study demonstrates that matured hepatocytes exposed to LN undergo cancer-like metabolic reprogramming and offers a rapid and useful in vivo model to study the molecular alterations underpinning the differences/similarities of metabolic changes in normal and neoplastic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Puliga
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jin Inoue
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Sasidharan K, Caddeo A, Jamialahmadi O, Noto FR, Tomasi M, Malvestiti F, Ciociola E, Tavaglione F, Mancina RM, Cherubini A, Bianco C, Mirarchi A, Männistö V, Pihlajamäki J, Kärjä V, Grimaudo S, Luukkonen PK, Qadri S, Yki-Järvinen H, Petta S, Manfrini S, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Bruni V, Valenti L, Romeo S. IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101352. [PMID: 38232700 PMCID: PMC10829727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) prevails as the most common chronic liver disease yet lack approved treatments due to incomplete understanding of pathogenesis. Recently, elevated hepatic and circulating interleukin 32 (IL-32) levels were found in individuals with severe SLD. However, the mechanistic link between IL-32 and intracellular triglyceride metabolism remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate in vitro that incubation with IL-32β protein leads to an increase in intracellular triglyceride synthesis, while downregulation of IL32 by small interfering RNA leads to lower triglyceride synthesis and secretion in organoids from human primary hepatocytes. This reduction requires the upregulation of Phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A). Furthermore, downregulation of IL32 results in lower intracellular type I collagen levels in di-lineage human primary hepatic organoids. Finally, we identify a genetic variant of IL32 (rs76580947) associated with lower circulating IL-32 and protection against SLD measured by non-invasive tests. These data suggest that IL32 downregulation may be beneficial against SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesca Rita Noto
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Melissa Tomasi
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Operative Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Mirarchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sami Qadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
- Operative Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruni
- Operative Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
MBOAT7 is a protein anchored to endomembranes by several transmembrane domains. It has a catalytic dyad involved in remodelling of phosphatidylinositol with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genetic variants in the MBOAT7 gene have been associated with the entire spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and, lately, steatotic liver disease (SLD), and to an increasing number of extrahepatic conditions. In this review, we will (a) elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which MBOAT7 loss-of-function predisposes to MAFLD and neurodevelopmental disorders and (b) discuss the growing number of genetic studies linking MBOAT7 to hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. MBOAT7 complete loss of function causes severe changes in brain development resulting in several neurological manifestations. Lower MBOAT7 hepatic expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, due to missense nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the locus containing the MBOAT7 gene, affects specifically metabolic and viral diseases in the liver from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and potentially COVID-19 disease. This body of evidence shows that phosphatidylinositol remodelling is a key factor for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Caddeo A, Serra M, Sedda F, Bacci A, Manera C, Rapposelli S, Columbano A, Perra A, Kowalik MA. Potential use of TG68 - A novel thyromimetic - for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD)-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1127517. [PMID: 36910628 PMCID: PMC9996294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several lines of evidence suggest that the thyroid hormone signaling pathway is altered in patients with NAFLD and that pharmacological strategies to target the thyroid hormone/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor axis (TH/THR) in the liver may exert beneficial effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of TG68, a novel THRβ agonist, on rat hepatic fat accumulation and NAFLD-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods Male rats given a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and fed a high fat diet (HFD) were co-treated with different doses of TG68. Systemic and hepatic metabolic parameters, immunohistochemistry and hepatic gene expression were determined to assess the effect of TG68 on THRβ activation. Results Irrespectively of the dose, treatment with TG68 led to a significant reduction in liver weight, hepatic steatosis, circulating triglycerides, cholesterol and blood glucose. Importantly, a short exposure to TG68 caused regression of DEN-induced preneoplastic lesions associated with a differentiation program, as evidenced by a loss of neoplastic markers and reacquisition of markers of differentiated hepatocytes. Finally, while an equimolar dose of the THRβ agonist Resmetirom reduced hepatic fat accumulation, it did not exert any antitumorigenic effect. Discussion The use of this novel thyromimetic represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Caddeo A, Hedfalk K, Romeo S, Pingitore P. LPIAT1/MBOAT7 contains a catalytic dyad transferring polyunsaturated fatty acids to lysophosphatidylinositol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158891. [PMID: 33513444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7), also known as lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1), is an enzyme involved in the acyl-chain remodeling of phospholipids via the Lands' cycle. The MBOAT7 rs641738 variant has been associated with the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease (FLD) and neurodevelopmental disorders, but the exact enzymatic activity and the catalytic site of the protein are still unestablished. Human wild type MBOAT7 and three MBOAT7 mutants missing in the putative catalytic residues (N321A, H356A, N321A + H356A) were produced into Pichia pastoris, and purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The enzymatic activity of MBOAT7 wild type and mutants was assessed measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled fatty acids into lipid acceptors. MBOAT7 preferentially transferred 20:4 and 20:5 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). On the contrary, MBOAT7 showed weak enzymatic activity for transferring saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, regardless the lipid substrate. Missense mutations in the putative catalytic residues (N321A, H356A, N321A + H356A) result in a loss of O-acyltransferase activity. Thus, MBOAT7 catalyzes the transfer of PUFAs to lipid acceptors. MBOAT7 shows the highest affinity for LPI, and missense mutations at the MBOAT7 putative catalytic dyad inhibit the O-acyltransferase activity of the protein. Our findings support the hypothesis that the association between the MBOAT7 rs641738 variant and the increased risk of NAFLD is mediated by changes in the hepatic phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling. Taken together, the increased knowledge of the enzymatic activity of MBOAT7 gives insights into the understanding on the basis of FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hedfalk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Tanaka Y, Shimanaka Y, Caddeo A, Kubo T, Mao Y, Kubota T, Kubota N, Yamauchi T, Mancina RM, Baselli G, Luukkonen P, Pihlajamäki J, Yki-Järvinen H, Valenti L, Arai H, Romeo S, Kono N. LPIAT1/MBOAT7 depletion increases triglyceride synthesis fueled by high phosphatidylinositol turnover. Gut 2021; 70:180-193. [PMID: 32253259 PMCID: PMC7788230 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common prelude to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The genetic rs641738 C>T variant in the lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1)/membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7, which incorporates arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol (PI), is associated with the entire spectrum of NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying this association in mice and cultured human hepatocytes. DESIGN We generated the hepatocyte-specific Lpiat1 knockout mice to investigate the function of Lpiat1 in vivo. We also depleted LPIAT1 in cultured human hepatic cells using CRISPR-Cas9 systems or siRNA. The effect of LPIAT1-depletion on liver fibrosis was examined in mice fed high fat diet and in liver spheroids. Lipid species were measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Lipid metabolism was analysed using radiolabeled glycerol or fatty acids. RESULTS The hepatocyte-specific Lpiat1 knockout mice developed hepatic steatosis spontaneously, and hepatic fibrosis on high fat diet feeding. Depletion of LPIAT1 in cultured hepatic cells and in spheroids caused triglyceride accumulation and collagen deposition. The increase in hepatocyte fat content was due to a higher triglyceride synthesis fueled by a non-canonical pathway. Indeed, reduction in the PI acyl chain remodelling caused a high PI turnover, by stimulating at the same time PI synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of PI was mediated by a phospholipase C, which produces diacylglycerol, a precursor of triglyceride. CONCLUSION We found a novel pathway fueling triglyceride synthesis in hepatocytes, by a direct metabolic flow of PI into triglycerides. Our findings provide an insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutics of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanli Mao
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rosellina Margherita Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guido Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy,Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Panu Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy,Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan,Present address: Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden .,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Heidari E, Caddeo A, Zarabadi K, Masoudi M, Tavasoli AR, Romeo S, Garshasbi M. Identification of novel loss of function variants in MBOAT7 resulting in intellectual disability. Genomics 2020; 112:4072-4077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Prill S, Caddeo A, Baselli G, Jamialahmadi O, Dongiovanni P, Rametta R, Kanebratt KP, Pujia A, Pingitore P, Mancina RM, Lindén D, Whatling C, Janefeldt A, Kozyra M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Valenti L, Andersson TB, Romeo S. The TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant induces lipid biosynthesis and reduces apolipoprotein B secretion in human hepatic 3D spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11585. [PMID: 31406127 PMCID: PMC6690969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a high unmet need for developing treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which there are no approved drugs today. Here, we used a human in vitro disease model to understand mechanisms linked to genetic risk variants associated with NAFLD. The model is based on 3D spheroids from primary human hepatocytes from five different donors. Across these donors, we observed highly reproducible differences in the extent of steatosis induction, demonstrating that inter-donor variability is reflected in the in vitro model. Importantly, our data indicates that the genetic variant TM6SF2 E167K, previously associated with increased risk for NAFLD, induces increased hepatocyte fat content by reducing APOB particle secretion. Finally, differences in gene expression pathways involved in cholesterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolism between wild type and TM6SF2 E167K mutation carriers (N = 125) were confirmed in the in vitro model. Our data suggest that the 3D in vitro spheroids can be used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the association of human genetic variants associated with NAFLD. This model may also be suitable to discover new treatments against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Prill
- DMPK, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guido Baselli
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaela Rametta
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kajsa P Kanebratt
- DMPK, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Diabetes, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Whatling
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Janefeldt
- DMPK, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kozyra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Valenti
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommy B Andersson
- DMPK, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Caddeo A, Jamialahmadi O, Solinas G, Pujia A, Mancina RM, Pingitore P, Romeo S. MBOAT7 is anchored to endomembranes by six transmembrane domains. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:349-360. [PMID: 30959108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain- containing 7 (MBOAT7, also known as LPIAT1) is a protein involved in the acyl chain remodeling of phospholipids via the Lands' cycle. The MBOAT7 is a susceptibility risk genetic locus for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental retardation. Although it has been shown that MBOAT7 is associated to membranes, the MBOAT7 topology remains unknown. To solve the topological organization of MBOAT7, we performed: A) solubilization of the total membrane fraction of cells overexpressing the recombinant MBOAT7-V5, which revealed MBOAT7 is an integral protein strongly attached to endomembranes; B) in silico analysis by using 22 computational methods, which predicted the number and localization of transmembrane domains of MBOAT7 with a range between 5 and 12; C) in vitro analysis of living cells transfected with GFP-tagged MBOAT7 full length and truncated forms, using a combination of Western Blotting, co-immunofluorescence and Fluorescence Protease Protection (FPP) assay; D) in vitro analysis of living cells transfected with FLAG-tagged MBOAT7 full length forms, using a combination of Western Blotting, selective membrane permeabilization followed by indirect immunofluorescence. All together, these data revealed that MBOAT7 is a multispanning transmembrane protein with six transmembrane domains. Based on our model, the predicted catalytic dyad of the protein, composed of the conserved asparagine in position 321 (Asn-321) and the preserved histidine in position 356 (His-356), has a lumenal localization. These data are compatible with the role of MBOAT7 in remodeling the acyl chain composition of endomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden; Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Caddeo A, Mancina RM, Pirazzi C, Russo C, Sasidharan K, Sandstedt J, Maurotti S, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Leren TP, Romeo S, Pingitore P. Molecular analysis of three known and one novel LPL variants in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:158-164. [PMID: 29288010 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type I hyperlipoproteinemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 or GPIHBP1 genes. The aim of this study was to identify novel variants in the LPL gene causing lipoprotein lipase deficiency and to understand the molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 3 individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis were selected from the Lipid Clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and LPL was sequenced. In vitro experiments were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T/17 (HEK293T/17) cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant LPL plasmids. Cell lysates and media were used to analyze LPL synthesis and secretion. Media were used to measure LPL activity. Patient 1 was compound heterozygous for three known variants: c.337T > C (W113R), c.644G > A (G215E) and c.1211T > G (M404R); patient 2 was heterozygous for the known variant c.658A > C (S220R) while patient 3 was homozygous for a novel variant in the exon 5 c.679G > T (V227F). All the LPL variants identified were loss-of-function variants and resulted in a substantial reduction in the secretion of LPL protein. CONCLUSION We characterized at the molecular level three known and one novel LPL variants causing type I hyperlipoproteinemia showing that all these variants are pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Pirazzi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Russo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - K Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Sandstedt
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Maurotti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - T Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - T P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - P Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Pingitore P, Dongiovanni P, Motta BM, Meroni M, Lepore SM, Mancina RM, Pelusi S, Russo C, Caddeo A, Rossi G, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Wiklund O, Valenti L, Romeo S. PNPLA3 overexpression results in reduction of proteins predisposing to fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 25:5212-5222. [PMID: 27742777 PMCID: PMC5886043 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological scarring response to chronic hepatocellular injury and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key players in this process. PNPLA3 I148M is a common variant robustly associated with liver fibrosis but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. We aimed to examine a) the effect of fibrogenic and proliferative stimuli on PNPLA3 levels in HSCs and b) the role of wild type and mutant PNPLA3 overexpression on markers of HSC activation and fibrosis. Here, we show that PNPLA3 is upregulated by the fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), but not by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and is involved in the TGF-β-induced reduction in lipid droplets in primary human HSCs. Furthermore, we show that retinol release from human HSCs ex vivo is lower in cells with the loss-of-function PNPLA3 148M compared with 148I wild type protein. Stable overexpression of PNPLA3 148I wild type, but not 148M mutant, in human HSCs (LX-2 cells) induces a reduction in the secretion of matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 (TIMP1 and TIMP2), which is mediated by retinoid metabolism. In conclusion, we show a role for PNPLA3 in HSC activation in response to fibrogenic stimuli. Moreover, we provide evidence to indicate that PNPLA3-mediated retinol release may protect against liver fibrosis by inducing a specific signature of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marica Meroni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Massimo Lepore
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Serena Pelusi
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Rossi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Liver Surgery and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luca Valenti
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Donati B, Pietrelli A, Pingitore P, Dongiovanni P, Caddeo A, Walker L, Baselli G, Pelusi S, Rosso C, Vanni E, Daly A, Mancina RM, Grieco A, Miele L, Grimaudo S, Craxi A, Petta S, De Luca L, Maier S, Soardo G, Bugianesi E, Colli F, Romagnoli R, Anstee QM, Reeves HL, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S, Romeo S, Valenti L. Telomerase reverse transcriptase germline mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1930-1940. [PMID: 28677271 PMCID: PMC5548883 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In an increasing proportion of cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are associated with familial liver diseases. The aim of this study was to examine telomere length and germline hTERT mutations as associated with NAFLD‐HCC. In 40 patients with NAFLD‐HCC, 45 with NAFLD‐cirrhosis and 64 healthy controls, peripheral blood telomere length was evaluated by qRT‐PCR and hTERT coding regions and intron–exon boundaries sequenced. We further analyzed 78 patients affected by primary liver cancer (NAFLD‐PLC, 76 with HCC). Enrichment of rare coding mutations (allelic frequency <0.001) was evaluated by Burden test. Functional consequences were estimated in silico and by over‐expressing protein variants in HEK‐293 cells. We found that telomere length was reduced in individuals with NAFLD‐HCC versus those with cirrhosis (P = 0.048) and healthy controls (P = 0.0006), independently of age and sex. We detected an enrichment of hTERT mutations in NAFLD‐HCC, that was confirmed when we further considered a larger cohort of NAFLD‐PLC, and was more marked in female patients (P = 0.03). No mutations were found in cirrhosis and local controls, and only one in 503 healthy Europeans from the 1000 Genomes Project (allelic frequency = 0.025 vs. <0.001; P = 0.0005). Mutations with predicted functional impact, including the frameshift Glu113Argfs*79 and missense Glu668Asp, cosegregated with liver disease in two families. Three patients carried missense mutations (Ala67Val in homozygosity, Pro193Leu and His296Pro in heterozygosity) in the N‐terminal template‐binding domain (P = 0.037 for specific enrichment). Besides Glu668Asp, the Ala67Val variant resulted in reduced intracellular protein levels. In conclusion, we detected an association between shorter telomeres in peripheral blood and rare germline hTERT mutations and NAFLD‐HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Donati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pietrelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Bioinformatics Group, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Piero Pingitore
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Andrea Caddeo
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Lucy Walker
- The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Ester Vanni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Ann Daly
- The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Rosellina Margherita Mancina
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxi
- Section of Gastroenterology, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Clinic of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Silvia Maier
- Clinic of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soardo
- Clinic of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Fabio Colli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Center, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Center, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.,Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Reeves
- The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
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14
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Caddeo A, Delogu G, Cadeddu M, Demontis V, Meloni M, Naccarato S, Marchi SM. [Spontaneous dissection of the left main coronary artery: a case report and review of the literature]. Ital Heart J Suppl 2001; 2:413-417. [PMID: 19397017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary spontaneous coronary artery dissection occurs rarely. Compared to usual acute coronary syndromes, it occurs in relatively young people, particularly in women in the peripartum or early post-partum period. The etiology of spontaneous coronary artery dissection remains unclear; there have been less than 150 cases reported in the literature, and only 28 cases documented in the left main coronary artery. This article reports the clinical course of a patient with primary spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection who was treated with coronary artery bypass grafting after clinical steadiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caddeo
- Unità Coronarica, Ospedale San Martino, Oristano.
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