1
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Zheng YB, Lu S, Chu TB, Pang GF, Yang LY, Zhang Q. Investigate the potential impact of Hemagglutinin from the H1N1 strain on severe pneumonia. Gene 2024; 926:148559. [PMID: 38740352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent glycoprotein on the influenza virus envelope is called hemagglutinin (HA), yet little is known about its involvement in the pathophysiology and etiology of severe influenza pneumonia. Here, after stimulating human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) and mice with HA of H1N1 for 12 h, we investigated the proliferation, migration, inflammatory cytokines expression, and apoptosis in 16-HBE and the pathological damage in mouse lung tissue. The expression of inflammatory cytokines plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1), urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) plasminogen activators, and apoptosis were all enhanced by HA, which also prevented the proliferation and migration of bronchial epithelial cells. HA enhanced up-regulated PAI-1, uPA, and tPA protein expression within mouse lung tissue and caused lung injury. In conclusion, HA alone, but not the whole H1N1 virus, induces lung tissue injury by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, while promoting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bi Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Song Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Tian-Bao Chu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Gui-Feng Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Lin-Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Huang Y, Lyu F, Wang Y, Wei P, Yuan Y, Fu Y, Gao Y. Microglial histone deacetylase 2 is dispensable for functional and histological outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:817-835. [PMID: 38069842 PMCID: PMC11197137 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231197173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The Class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate microglial inflammation and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether the individual Class-I HDACs play an indispensable role in TBI pathogenesis remains elusive. HDAC2 has been shown to upregulate pro-inflammatory genes in myeloid cells under brain injuries such as intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby worsening outcomes. Thus, we hypothesized that HDAC2 drives microglia toward a pro-inflammatory neurotoxic phenotype in a murine model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Our results revealed that HDAC2 expression was highly induced in CD16/CD32+ pro-inflammatory microglia 3 and 7d after TBI. Surprisingly, microglia-targeted HDAC2 knockout (HDAC2 miKO) mice failed to demonstrate a beneficial phenotype after CCI/TBI compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. HDAC2 miKO mice exhibited comparable levels of grey and white matter injury, efferocytosis, and sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after CCI/TBI as WT mice. RNA sequencing of isolated microglia 3d after CCI/TBI indicated the elevation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in HDAC2 miKO mice over WT mice, and flow cytometry showed further elevated brain infiltration of neutrophils and B cells in HDAC2 miKO mice. Together, this study does not support a detrimental role for HDAC2 in microglial responses after TBI and calls for investigation into alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Wang L, Xiao J, Zhang B, Hou A. Epigenetic modifications in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03167-7. [PMID: 38570557 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While perinatal medicine advancements have bolstered survival outcomes for premature infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to threaten their long-term health. Gene-environment interactions, mediated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, take center stage in BPD pathogenesis. Recent discoveries link methylation variations across biological pathways with BPD. Also, the potential reversibility of histone modifications fuels new treatment avenues. The review also highlights the promise of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes as BPD therapies, given their ability to modulate non-coding RNA, opening novel research and intervention possibilities. IMPACT: The complexity and universality of epigenetic modifications in the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were thoroughly discussed. Both molecular and cellular mechanisms contribute to the diverse nature of epigenetic changes, suggesting the need for deeper biochemical techniques to explore these molecular alterations. The utilization of innovative cell-specific drug delivery methods like exosomes and extracellular vesicles holds promise in achieving precise epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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4
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Yamazaki A, Nukui Y, Kameda T, Saito R, Koda Y, Ichimura N, Tohda S, Ohkawa R. Variation in presepsin and thrombomodulin levels for predicting COVID-19 mortality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21493. [PMID: 38057335 PMCID: PMC10700539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused extensive mortality globally; therefore, biomarkers predicting the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the application of presepsin (P-SEP) and thrombomodulin (TM), which are biomarkers of sepsis and endothelial dysfunction, respectively, in the prognosis of COVID-19. Serum P-SEP and TM levels from COVID-19 patients (n = 183) were measured. Disease severity was classified as mild, moderate I, moderate II, or severe based on hemoglobin oxygen saturation and the history of intensive care unit transfer or use of ventilation at admission. Patients in the severe group were further divided into survivors and non-survivors. P-SEP and TM levels were significantly higher in the severe group than those in the mild group, even after adjusting for creatinine values. In addition, TM levels were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Changes in the P-SEP levels at two time points with an interval of 4.1 ± 2.2 days were significantly different between the survivors and non-survivors. In conclusion, TM and continuous P-SEP measurements may be useful for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, our data indicate that P-SEP and TM values after creatinine adjustment could be independent predictive markers, apart from renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Nukui
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kameda
- Department of Clinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Koda
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Ichimura
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Department of Clinical Bioanalysis and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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5
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Dey A, Vaishak K, Deka D, Radhakrishnan AK, Paul S, Shanmugam P, Daniel AP, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK, Banerjee A. Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review. Infection 2023; 51:1603-1618. [PMID: 36906872 PMCID: PMC10008189 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put the world in a medical crisis for the past three years; nearly 6.3 million lives have been diminished due to the virus outbreak. This review aims to update the recent findings on COVID-19 infections from an epigenetic scenario and develop future perspectives of epi-drugs to treat the disease. METHODS Original research articles and review studies related to COVID-19 were searched and analyzed from the Google Scholar/PubMed/Medline databases mainly between 2019 and 2022 to brief the recent work. RESULTS Numerous in-depth studies of the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 have been going on to minimize the consequences of the viral outburst. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptors and Transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitate viral entry to the host cells. Upon internalization, it uses the host machinery to replicate viral copies and alter the downstream regulation of the normal cells, causing infection-related morbidities and mortalities. In addition, several epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications, microRNA, and other factors (age, sex, etc.) are responsible for the regulations of viral entry, its immune evasion, and cytokine responses also play a major modulatory role in COVID-19 severity, which has been discussed in detail in this review. CONCLUSION Findings of epigenetic regulation of viral pathogenicity open a new window for epi-drugs as a possible therapeutical approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - K Vaishak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No.500 Fracc., CP 76130, San Pablo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Priyadarshini Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Alice Peace Daniel
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India.
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6
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Han R, Ling C, Wang Y, Lu L. Enhancing HCC Treatment: innovatively combining HDAC2 inhibitor with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37716965 PMCID: PMC10504701 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatments thus far. Although the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years has shed light on the treatment of HCC, a considerable number of patients are still unable to achieve durable and ideal clinical benefits. Therefore, refining the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to enhance the therapeutic effect has become a global research hotspot. Several histone deacetylase 2 inhibitors have shown advantages in ICIs in many solid cancers, except for HCC. Additionally, the latest evidence has shown that histone deacetylase 2 inhibition can regulate PD-L1 acetylation, thereby blocking the nuclear translocation of PD-L1 and consequently enhancing the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and improving anti-cancer immunity. Moreover, our team has recently discovered a novel HDAC2 inhibitor (HDAC2i), valetric acid (VA), that possesses great potential in HCC treatment as a monotherapy. Thus, a new combination strategy, combining HDAC2 inhibitors with ICIs, has emerged with significant development value. This perspective aims to ignite enthusiasm for exploring the application of ideal HDAC2 inhibitors with solid anti-tumor efficacy in combination with immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P. R. China.
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Changquan Ling
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
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7
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Elgazar AA, El-Domany RA, Eldehna WM, Badria FA. Theophylline-based hybrids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors endowed with anti-inflammatory activity: synthesis, bioevaluation, in silico and preliminary kinetic studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25616-25634. [PMID: 37649576 PMCID: PMC10463010 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the conjugation of theophylline with different compounds of natural origin hoping to construct new hybrids with dual activity against cholinergic and inflammatory pathways as potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Out of 28 tested hybrids, two hybrids, acefylline-eugenol 6d and acefylline-isatin 19, were able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at low micromolar concentration displaying IC50 values of 1.8 and 3.3 μM, respectively, when compared to the galantamine standard AChE inhibitor. Moreover, the prepared hybrids exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 and reduced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in a dose dependent manner. These hybrids demonstrated significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings of this study were further explained in light of network pharmacology analysis which suggested that AChE and nitric oxide synthase were the main targets of the most active compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed their ability to bind to the heme binding site of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS-3) and effectively occupy the active site of AChE, interacting with both the peripheral aromatic subsite and catalytic triad. Finally, the compounds demonstrated stability in simulated gastric and intestinal environments, suggesting potential absorption into the bloodstream without significant hydrolysis. These findings highlight the possible therapeutic potential of acefylline-eugenol 6d and acefylline-isatin 19 hybrids in targeting multiple pathological mechanisms involved in AD, offering promising avenues for further development as potential treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University P.O. Box 33516 Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University P.O. Box 33516 Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University P.O. Box 33516 Kafrelsheikh Egypt
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt +20-1001762927
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Jasim SA, Mahdi RS, Bokov DO, Najm MAA, Sobirova GN, Bafoyeva ZO, Taifi A, Alkadir OKA, Mustafa YF, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S. The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5128-5148. [PMID: 35835586 PMCID: PMC9350195 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in-depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roaa Salih Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of BabylonHillaIraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation,Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Mazin A. A. Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of PharmacyAl‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Guzal N. Sobirova
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Zarnigor O. Bafoyeva
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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9
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Shanaki M, Omidifar A, Shabani P, Toolabi K. Association between HDACs and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:880-886. [PMID: 32238064 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1734843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important players in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Few studies have addressed HDAC expressions in human adipose tissue in obese individuals, and their association with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we compared 20 non-obese and 20 obese women to investigate possible changes in gene expressions of HDAC2, 4, 5, and 6 in the subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of these individuals. Our findings showed decreased HDAC5 expression in SAT and elevated HDAC4 expression in VAT from the obese group compared with the non-obese group. Our analyses showed negative correlations between HDAC2, 5, and 6 and the obesity indices and positive correlations between HDAC4 and obesity indices. HDAC2 showed a positive correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas HDAC4, 5, and 6 were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide new evidence that implicates the important roles of HDACs in obesity and obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Omidifar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ma F, Huang J, Li W, Li P, Liu M, Xue H. MicroRNA-455-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting HDAC2 to regulate cell cycle in hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1675-1685. [PMID: 35286011 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers. MicroRNA has been studied more and more deeply and may become a new target for the treatment of HCC. Here, we investigated the role of miR-455-3p in HCC progression. Compared with non-tumor tissues and normal human hepatic cells, miR-455-3p expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. And overexpression of miR-455-3p inhibited cell proliferation and migration but promoted cell apoptosis in HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7. Mechanism studies displayed that miR-455-3p targeted HDAC2 and negatively regulated HDAC2 expression. Moreover, HDAC2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of HDAC2 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-455-3p on cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle protein (CDK6 and cyclin D1) expression, and neutralized the promotion effects of miR-455-3p on cell apoptosis and the activation of p53 pathway. Furthermore, a p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) effectively abolished the effects of miR-455-3p on HCC cell behaviors. Additionally, the role of miR-455-3p in tumorigenesis was evaluated by using a mouse xenograft model, and the data showed that miR-455-3p suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In summary, our results suggested that miR-455-3p targeted HDAC2 to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and promote cell apoptosis via the activation of p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weizhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Farzi R, Aghbash PS, Eslami N, Azadi A, Shamekh A, Hemmat N, Entezari-Maleki T, Baghi HB. The role of antigen-presenting cells in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153848. [PMID: 35338971 PMCID: PMC8941975 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the three lethal coronavirus outbreaks in the recent two decades and a serious threat to global health all over the world. The principal feature of the COVID-19 infection is the so-called "cytokine storm" exaggerated molecular response to virus distribution, which plays massive tissue and organ injury roles. Immunological treatments, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, have been suggested as the main approaches in treating and preventing this disease. Therefore, a proper investigation of the roles of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the aforementioned immunological responses appears essential. The present review will provide detailed information about APCs' role in the infection and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the effect of monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Farzi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Azadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Xia Y, Huang X, Mo L, Wang C, Fan W, Huang H. TMT-based proteomics analysis of the cerebral cortex of TauT knockout rats. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:6. [PMID: 35468821 PMCID: PMC9040245 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taurine serves a variety of nutritional and physiological roles, and it is mostly transported in cells via taurine transporter (TauT). The effect of taurine transporter in cerebral cortex is still unknown. We employed TMT label-based proteomics to find differences in proteins in the cerebral cortex of TauT knockout rats in this investigation. The goal of this research was to see how TauT deletion affected protein alterations in brain tissue and to see if there was a new research area for TauT. Methods The cerebral cortex of TauT knockout rats and wild-type control rats were analyzed using TMT-based proteomics, and differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis means such as GO and KEGG, the association between the proteins was found by PPI, and biologically significant and interesting proteins were selected for verification by WB and immunohistochemistry. Results There were total of 8275 proteins found, but only 35 differentially expressed proteins were identified (27 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the biological pathways and functional classification of the proteins. The results show that these differentially expressed proteins are mainly enriched in lysine degradation, cell cycle, chronic myeloid leukemia, and longevity regulating pathways-multiple species, renal cell carcinoma, pathways in cancer, etc. To verify the proteomic data, we analyzed the expression of Annexin6 and Pik3r2 by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results are consistent with proteomics, which proves the reliability of our proteomics data. Conclusion Through TMT-based proteomics, we have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of TauT knockout on the changes of other proteins in the cerebral cortex, providing new evidence for further understanding the function of TauT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xia
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lidong Mo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weijia Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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13
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Chang YC, Fang YT, Chen HC, Lin CY, Chang YP, Tsai YH, Chen YM, Huang KT, Chang HC, Wang CC, Lin MC, Fang WF. The Survival of Septic Patients with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Is Not Inferior to That of Septic Patients without Liver Cirrhosis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061629. [PMID: 35329955 PMCID: PMC8951259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine whether septic patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) had worse survival than septic patients without liver cirrhosis (WLC). We also investigated the survival of septic patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC) and decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). Methods: This study enrolled 776 consecutive adult patients with sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care units of a tertiary referral hospital. Clinical factors and laboratory data were collected for analysis. Propensity scoring was also used for the control of selection bias. The variables included in the propensity model were age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, APCHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, hemoglobin, and platelet data on the day when sepsis was confirmed. Seven-day, ICU, and hospital mortality were analyzed after correcting for these confounding factors. Results: Of the 776 septic patients, 64 (8.2%) septic patients presented with LC. Patients were divided into two groups—LC (n = 64) and WLC (n = 712)—which presented different rates of hospital mortality (LC: 62.5% vs. WLC: 41.0%, p = 0.001). We further separated septic patients with LC into two groups: patients with CLC (n = 24) and those with DLC (n = 40). After propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC (63.6%) was not inferior to patients WLC (54.5%) (p = 0.411). Patients with DLC had more hospital mortality, even after matching (p < 0.05). The Quick SOFA (qSOFA) score, SOFA score, and sub-SOFA score were also comparable between groups. SOFA scores were not significantly different between the CLC and WLC groups after matching. Poor SOFA scores were observed in the DLC group on days 3 and 7 after matching (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Septic patients with LC had higher mortality compared to patients WLC before matching. However, after propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC was non-inferior to patients WLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tang Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Chiung-Yu Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Mu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Huang-Chih Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.F.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.); (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-M.C.); (K.-T.H.); (H.-C.C.); (C.-C.W.); (M.-C.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8199)
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Tao F, Zhou Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhu W, Han Z, Sun N, Wang D. Metformin alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cigarette smoke extract-induced glucocorticoid resistance by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:95-111. [PMID: 35203060 PMCID: PMC8890943 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important healthcare problem worldwide. Often, glucocorticoid (GC) resistance develops during COPD treatment. As a classic hypoglycemic drug, metformin (MET) can be used as a treatment strategy for COPD due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its specific mechanism of action is not known. We aimed to clarify the role of MET on COPD and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced GC resistance. Through establishment of a COPD model in rats, we found that MET could improve lung function, reduce pathological injury, as well as reduce the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, and upregulate expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). By establishing a model of GC resistance in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by CSE, we found that MET reduced secretion of interleukin-8, and could upregulate expression of Nrf2, HO-1, MRP1, and HDAC2. MET could also increase the inhibition of MRP1 efflux by MK571 significantly, and increase expression of HDAC2 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, MET may upregulate MRP1 expression by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and then regulate expression of HDAC2 protein to reduce GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Mengwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Zhili Han
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Nianxia Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Dianlei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
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15
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Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology-Based Approaches to Explore the Potential Mechanism of the Antidepressant Effect of Cyperi Rhizoma through Soothing the Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:8614963. [PMID: 35126596 PMCID: PMC8816580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second most common disease worldwide, making it a threat to human health. Cyperi Rhizoma (CR) is a traditional herbal medicine with antidepressant properties. Traditional Chinese medicine theory states that CR relieves MDD by dispersing stagnated liver qi to soothe the liver, but the material basis and underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified the active compounds and potential anti-MDD targets of CR by network pharmacology-based approaches. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we hypothesized that the anti-MDD effect of CR may be mediated by an altered response of the liver to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose metabolism. Through bioinformatics analysis, comparing normal and MDD liver tissue in rats with spontaneous diabetes, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and selected PAI-1 (SERPINE1) as a target of CR in combating MDD. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis also verified the binding of the active compound quercetin to PAI-1. It can be concluded that quercetin is the active compound of CR that acts against MDD by targeting PAI-1 to enhance the liver response to LPS and glucose metabolism. This study not only reveals the material basis and underlying mechanism of CR against MDD through soothing the liver but also provides evidence for PAI-1 as a potential target and quercetin as a potential agent for MDD treatment.
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16
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Naler LB, Hsieh YP, Geng S, Zhou Z, Li L, Lu C. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:102. [PMID: 35091696 PMCID: PMC8799722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yuan-Pang Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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17
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Lu J, He X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li W. Acetylation in Tumor Immune Evasion Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771588. [PMID: 34880761 PMCID: PMC8645962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is considered as one of the most common types of epigenetic modifications, and aberrant histone acetylation modifications are associated with the pathological process of cancer through the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that immune system function and tumor immunity can also be affected by acetylation modifications. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acetylation function in cancer is essential, which may help to develop new therapies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we mainly discussed the functions of acetylase and deacetylase in tumor, immune system and tumor immunity, and listed the information of drugs targeting these enzymes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Warner J, Hardesty J, Song Y, Sun R, Deng Z, Xu R, Yin X, Zhang X, McClain C, Warner D, Kirpich I. Fat-1 Transgenic Mice With Augmented n3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Protected From Liver Injury Caused by Acute-On-Chronic Ethanol Administration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711590. [PMID: 34531743 PMCID: PMC8438569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide, and alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a severe form of ALD, is a major contributor to the mortality and morbidity due to ALD. Many factors modulate susceptibility to ALD development and progression, including nutritional factors such as dietary fatty acids. Recent work from our group and others showed that modulation of dietary or endogenous levels of n6-and n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can exacerbate or attenuate experimental ALD, respectively. In the current study, we interrogated the effects of endogenous n3-PUFA enrichment in a mouse model which recapitulates features of early human AH using transgenic fat-1 mice which endogenously convert n6-PUFAs to n3-PUFAs. Male wild type (WT) and fat-1 littermates were provided an ethanol (EtOH, 5% v/v)-containing liquid diet for 10 days, then administered a binge of EtOH (5 g/kg) by oral gavage on the 11th day, 9 h prior to sacrifice. In WT mice, EtOH treatment resulted in liver injury as determined by significantly elevated plasma ALT levels, whereas in fat-1 mice, EtOH caused no increase in this biomarker. Compared to their pair-fed controls, a significant EtOH-mediated increase in liver neutrophil infiltration was observed also in WT, but not fat-1 mice. The hepatic expression of several cytokines and chemokines, including Pai-1, was significantly lower in fat-1 vs WT EtOH-challenged mice. Cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from fat-1 mice expressed less Pai-1 and Cxcl2 (a canonical neutrophil chemoattractant) mRNA compared to WT when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Further, we observed decreased pro-inflammatory M1 liver tissue-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs), as well as increased liver T regulatory cells in fat-1 vs WT EtOH-fed mice. Taken together, our data demonstrated protective effects of endogenous n3-PUFA enrichment on liver injury caused by an acute-on-chronic EtOH exposure, a paradigm which recapitulates human AH, suggesting that n3-PUFAs may be a viable nutritional adjuvant therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Josiah Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ying Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Raobo Xu
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xinmin Yin
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Craig McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dennis Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Irina Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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19
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Dynamic monitoring of kidney injury status over 3 days in the intensive care unit as a sepsis phenotype associated with hospital mortality and hyperinflammation. Biomed J 2021; 45:665-674. [PMID: 34482015 PMCID: PMC9486242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) often worsens with the deterioration of a patient's condition. Therefore, we hypothesized that monitoring AKI dynamically from day 1 to day 3 was potential to predict hospital mortality. Specifically, we explored whether monitoring AKI dynamically in the intensive care unit (ICU) could be a sepsis phenotype predictive of mortality. A new classification was established based on the change in the AKI stage from admission day 1 and day 3. We compared the hospital mortality, cytokines, and immune response pattern between each group. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 523 patients with sepsis, and we calculated the AKI stages on day 1 and day 3 admission to ICUs. Among these 523 people, 388 of them were assigned to normal, improved, and deteriorated groups according to the changes in the AKI stages. 263 of which did not develop AKI on day 1 and day 3 (normal group). The AKI stage improved in 68 patients (improved group) and worsened in 57 (deteriorated group). We compared the mortality rates between the groups, and identified the relationship between the dynamic AKI status, immune response patterns, and cytokine levels. Results The hospital mortality rate in the deteriorated group was higher than that in the non-deteriorated group (combination of normal and improved group) (p = 0.004). Additionally, according to the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the non-deteriorated group had a distinct hospital survival curve (p = 0.004). Furthermore, both the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased monocyte expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR were present in the deteriorated group. Conclusions The deteriorated group was associated with a higher hospital mortality rate, potentially resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response. Worsening AKI in the first 3 days of ICU admission may be a sepsis phenotype predictive of hospital mortality.
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20
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Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Santos-Mena AO, Rivas-Santiago B. Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases. Peptides 2021; 140:170527. [PMID: 33744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an important growing public health problem, which perspective has worsened due to the increasing number of drug-resistant strains in the last few years. Although diverse solutions have been proposed, one viable solution could be the use of immune system modulators. The induction of the immune response can be increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC), which in turn modulate the chromatin and increase the activation of different cellular pathways and nuclear factors such as STAT3, HIF-1α NF-kB, C/EBPα and, AP-1. These pathways are capable to promote several immune response-related molecules including those with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that lead to the elimination of pathogens including multi drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alan O Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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21
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Lauro R, Irrera N, Eid AH, Bitto A. Could Antigen Presenting Cells Represent a Protective Element during SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children? Pathogens 2021; 10:476. [PMID: 33920011 PMCID: PMC8071032 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) are immune cells that recognize, process, and present antigens to lymphocytes. APCs are among the earliest immune responders against an antigen. Thus, in patients with COVID-19, a disease caused by the newly reported SARS-CoV-2 virus, the role of APCs becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we dissect the role of these cells in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, this virus appears to cause a higher mortality among adults than children. This may suggest that the immune system, particularly APCs, of children may be different from that of adults, which may then explain differences in immune responses between these two populations, evident as different pathological outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that differentiate juvenile from other APCs are not well understood. Whether juvenile APCs are one reason why children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 requires much attention. The goal of this review is to examine the role of APCs, both in adults and children. The molecular mechanisms governing APCs, especially against SARS-CoV-2, may explain the differential immune responsiveness in the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (N.I.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (N.I.)
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (N.I.)
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22
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DNA or Protein Methylation-Dependent Regulation of Activator Protein-1 Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020461. [PMID: 33670008 PMCID: PMC7926996 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation and modification govern the transcriptional mechanisms that promote disease initiation and progression, but can also control the oncogenic processes, cell signaling networks, immunogenicity, and immune cells involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. The study of epigenetic mechanisms could have important implications for the development of potential anti-inflammatory treatments and anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we have described the key role of epigenetic progression: DNA methylation, histone methylation or modification, and protein methylation, with an emphasis on the activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Transcription factor AP-1 regulates multiple genes and is involved in diverse cellular processes, including survival, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. Here, the AP-1 regulatory mechanism by DNA, histone, or protein methylation was also reviewed. Various methyltransferases activate or suppress AP-1 activities in diverse ways. We summarize the current studies on epigenetic alterations, which regulate AP-1 signaling during inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of AP-1 signaling.
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23
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Spiers JG, Steiger N, Khadka A, Juliani J, Hill AF, Lavidis NA, Anderson ST, Cortina Chen HJ. Repeated acute stress modulates hepatic inflammation and markers of macrophage polarisation in the rat. Biochimie 2021; 180:30-42. [PMID: 33122103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine stress and immune systems permits classically anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids to exert pro-inflammatory effects in specific cells and tissues. Liver macrophages/Kupffer cells play a crucial role in initiating inflammatory cascades mediated by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following tissue injury. However, the effects of repeated acute psychological stress on hepatic inflammatory phenotype and macrophage activation state remains poorly understood. We have utilised a model of repeated acute stress in rodents to observe the changes in hepatic inflammatory phenotype, including anti-inflammatory vitamin D status, in addition to examining markers of classically and alternatively-activated macrophages. Male Wistar rats were subjected to control conditions or 6 h of restraint stress applied for 1 or 3 days (n = 8 per group) after which plasma concentrations of stress hormone, enzymes associated with liver damage, and vitamin D status were examined, in addition to hepatic expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Stress increased glucocorticoids and active vitamin D levels in addition to expression of glucocorticoid alpha/beta receptor, whilst changes in circulating hepatic enzymes indicated sustained liver damage. A pro-inflammatory response was observed in liver tissues following stress, and inducible nitric oxide synthase being observed within hepatic macrophage/Kupffer cells. Together, this suggests that stress preferentially induces a pro-inflammatory response in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Natasha Steiger
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Arun Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Juliani Juliani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Nickolas A Lavidis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen T Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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24
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Sawada Y, Gallo RL. Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Immune Functions of the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1157-1166. [PMID: 33256976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to illuminate the emerging understanding of epigenetic modifications that regulate both adaptive and innate immunity in the skin. Host defense of the epidermis and dermis involves the interplay of many cell types to enable homeostasis; tolerance to the external environment; and appropriate response to transient microbial, chemical, and physical insults. To understand this process, the study of cutaneous immunology has focused on immune responses that reflect both adaptive learned and genetically programmed innate defense systems. However, recent advances have begun to reveal that epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure also have a major influence on the skin immune system. This deeper understanding of how enzymatic changes in chromatin structure can modify the skin immune system and may explain how environmental exposures during life, and the microbiome, lead to both short-term and long-term changes in cutaneous allergic and other inflammatory processes. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for alterations in gene and chromatin structure within skin immunocytes could provide key insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases that have thus far evaded understanding by dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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25
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Taefehshokr N, Taefehshokr S, Hemmat N, Heit B. Covid-19: Perspectives on Innate Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580641. [PMID: 33101306 PMCID: PMC7554241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection achieved pandemic status on March 11, 2020. As of September 8, 2020 it has caused over 890,000 mortalities world-wide. Coronaviral infections are enabled by potent immunoevasory mechanisms that target multiple aspects of innate immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) able to induce a cytokine storm, impair interferon responses, and suppress antigen presentation on both MHC class I and class II. Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its immunoevasion approaches will improve our understanding of pathogenesis, virus clearance, and contribute toward vaccine and immunotherepeutic design and evaluation. This review discusses the known host innate immune response and immune evasion mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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26
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Risk factors and associated outcomes of ventilator-associated events developed in 28 days among sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12702. [PMID: 32728165 PMCID: PMC7391677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that Ventilator-Associated Event (VAE) within 28 days upon admission to medical intensive care units (ICUs) can be a predictor for poor outcomes in sepsis patients. We aimed to determine the risk factors and associated outcomes of VAE. A total of 453 consecutive mechanically ventilated (MV) sepsis patients were enrolled. Of them, 136 patients had immune profile study. Early VAE (< 7-day MV, n = 33) was associated with a higher mortality (90 days: 81.8% vs. 23.0% [non-VAE], P < 0.01), while late VAE (developed between 7 and 28 days, n = 85) was associated with longer MV day (43.8 days vs. 23.3 days [non-VAE], P < 0.05). The 90-day Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed three lines that separate the groups (non-VAE, early VAE, and late VAE). Cox regression models with time-varying coefficient covariates (adjusted for the number of days from intubation to VAE development) confirmed that VAE which occurred within 28 days upon admission to the medical ICUs can be associated with higher 90-day mortality. The risk factors for VAE development include impaired immune response (lower human leukocyte antigen D-related expression, higher interleukin-10 expression) and sepsis progression with elevated SOFA score (especially in coagulation sub-score).
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27
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Moreira JD, Koch BEV, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Vrieling F, Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC, Heemskerk MT. Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32117228 PMCID: PMC7008710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and persistent increase of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections poses increasing global problems in combatting tuberculosis (TB), prompting for the development of alternative strategies including host-directed therapy (HDT). Since Mtb is an intracellular pathogen with a remarkable ability to manipulate host intracellular signaling pathways to escape from host defense, pharmacological reprogramming of the immune system represents a novel, potentially powerful therapeutic strategy that should be effective also against drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we found that host-pathogen interactions in Mtb-infected primary human macrophages affected host epigenetic features by modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptomic levels. In addition, broad spectrum inhibition of HDACs enhanced the antimicrobial response of both pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ2), while selective inhibition of class IIa HDACs mainly decreased bacterial outgrowth in Mϕ2. Moreover, chemical inhibition of HDAC activity during differentiation polarized macrophages into a more bactericidal phenotype with a concomitant decrease in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in vivo chemical inhibition of HDAC activity in Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish embryos, a well-characterized animal model for tuberculosis, significantly reduced mycobacterial burden, validating our in vitro findings in primary human macrophages. Collectively, these data identify HDACs as druggable host targets for HDT against intracellular Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar D Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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28
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Incorporation of dynamic segmented neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio with leukocyte count for sepsis risk stratification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19756. [PMID: 31875017 PMCID: PMC6930327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between sepsis and segmented neutrophil-to-monocyte (SeMo) ratio is unclear. We postulated that an increase in dynamic SeMo ratio measurement can be applied in risk stratification. This retrospective study included 727 consecutive sepsis patients in medical intensive care units (ICUs), including a subpopulation of 153 patients. According to the leukocyte (white blood cell, WBC) count on day 3 (normal range, between 4,000/µL and 12,000/µL) and delta SeMo (value of SeMo ratio on day 3 minus value of SeMo ratio on day 1; normal delta SeMo, <7), patients were grouped into 3 (delta SeMo & WBC tool). The survival lines separated significantly with hazard ratios of 1.854 (1.342–2.560) for the delta SeMo or WBC abnormal group and 2.860 (1.849–4.439) for the delta SeMo and WBC abnormal group compared to the delta SeMo and WBC normal group. Delta SeMo & WBC tool and delta sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) tool performed better than the other tools (delta SeMo, delta WBC, day 3 WBC, and day 1 WBC). Severity in delta SeMo & WBC tool and delta SeMo tool reflected the immune dysfunction score, cytokine expression, and human leukocyte antigen D-related monocyte expression on day 1 and day 3. There was correspondence between delta SOFA and delta WBC and between delta SeMo and delta cytokine expression. Incorporation of dynamic SeMo ratio with WBC count provides risk stratification for sepsis patients admitted in the ICU.
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29
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Sun XY, Zheng T, Yang X, Liu L, Gao SS, Xu HB, Song YT, Tong K, Yang L, Gao Y, Wu T, Hao JR, Lu C, Ma T, Gao C. HDAC2 hyperexpression alters hippocampal neuronal transcription and microglial activity in neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:249. [PMID: 31796106 PMCID: PMC6889553 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation can induce cognitive dysfunction in patients who undergo surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that both acute peripheral inflammation and anaesthetic insults, especially isoflurane (ISO), are risk factors for memory impairment. Few studies are currently investigating the role of ISO under acute peri-inflammatory conditions, and it is difficult to predict whether ISO can aggravate inflammation-induced cognitive deficits. HDACs, which are essential for learning, participate in the deacetylation of lysine residues and the regulation of gene transcription. However, the cell-specific mechanism of HDACs in inflammation-induced cognitive impairment remains unknown. Methods Three-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with single versus combined exposure to LPS injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to simulate acute abdominal inflammation and isoflurane to investigate the role of anaesthesia and acute peripheral inflammation in cognitive impairment. Behavioural tests, Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and ChIP assays were performed to detect memory, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, HDAC2, BDNF, c-Fos, acetyl-H3, microglial activity, Bdnf mRNA, c-fos mRNA, and Bdnf and c-fos transcription in the hippocampus. Results LPS, but not isoflurane, induced neuroinflammation-induced memory impairment and reduced histone acetylation by upregulating histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in dorsal hippocampal CaMKII+ neurons. The hyperexpression of HDAC2 in neurons was mediated by the activation of microglia. The decreased level of histone acetylation suppressed the transcription of Bdnf and c-fos and the expressions of BDNF and c-Fos, which subsequently impaired memory. The adeno-associated virus ShHdac2, which suppresses Hdac2 after injection into the dorsal hippocampus, reversed microglial activation, hippocampal glutamatergic BDNF and c-Fos expressions, and memory deficits. Conclusions Reversing HDAC2 in hippocampal CaMKII+ neurons exert a neuroprotective effect against neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen-Shen Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Bing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Tong Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Tong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Ru Hao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Sun P, Zhang SJ, Maksim S, Yao YF, Liu HM, Du J. Epigenetic Modification in Macrophages: A Promising Target for Tumor and Inflammation-associated Disease Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1350-1362. [PMID: 31215380 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619143706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for supporting tissue homeostasis, regulating immune response, and promoting tumor progression. Due to its heterogeneity, macrophages have different phenotypes and functions in various tissues and diseases. It is becoming clear that epigenetic modification playing an essential role in determining the biological behavior of cells. In particular, changes of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation regulated by the corresponding epigenetic enzymes, can directly control macrophages differentiation and change their functions under different conditions. In addition, epigenetic enzymes also have become anti-tumor targets, such as HDAC, LSD1, DNMT, and so on. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest progress in the study of macrophages phenotype and function regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to better understand how epigenetic modification controls macrophages phenotype and function in inflammation-associated diseases, and the application prospect in anti-tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Semenov Maksim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6-Bromoindirubin-3′-Oxime Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation via Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB and TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2019; 42:2192-2204. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chang YC, Fang YT, Chen HC, Lin CY, Chang YP, Chen YM, Huang CH, Huang KT, Chang HC, Su MC, Wang YH, Wang CC, Lin MC, Fang WF. Effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on patients with sepsis in the medical intensive care unit: a retrospective, observational and propensity score-matched study in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029041. [PMID: 31209094 PMCID: PMC6589004 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders affect outcomes in patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN This is a retrospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS We enrolled 796 consecutive adult intensive care patients at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, a 2700-bed tertiary teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. A total of 717 patients were included. MAIN MEASURES Clinical factors such as age, gender and other clinical factors possibly related to DNR orders and hospital mortality were recorded. KEY RESULTS There were 455 patients in the group without DNR orders and 262 patients in the group with DNR orders. Within the DNR group, patients were further grouped into early (orders signed on intensive care day 1, n=126) and late (signed after day 1, n=136). Patients in the DNR group were older and more likely to have malignancy than the group without DNR orders. Mortality at days 7, 14 and 28, as well as intensive care and hospital mortality, were all worse in these patients even after propensity-score matching. There were higher Charlson Comorbidity Index in the emergency room, but better outcomes in those with early-DNR orders compared with late-DNR orders. CONCLUSIONS DNR orders may predict worse outcomes for patients with sepsis admitted to medical ICUs. The survival rate in the early-DNR order group was not inferior to the late-DNR order group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tang Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chih Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Fang WF, Huang CH, Chen YM, Hung KY, Chang YC, Lin CY, Fang YT, Chang YT, Chen HC, Huang KT, Chang HC, Chen YC, Wang YH, Wang CC, Lin MC. Application of dynamic pulse pressure and vasopressor tools for predicting outcomes in patients with sepsis in intensive care units. J Crit Care 2019; 52:156-162. [PMID: 31078024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine whether the combination of dynamic pulse pressure and vasopressor (DPV) use is applicable for mortality risk stratification in patients with severe sepsis. We proposed the use of the DPV tool and compared it with traditional sepsis severity indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS All adult patients who met the sepsis criteria of the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) between August 2013 and January 2017 were eligible for the study. Patients who expired within 3 days of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were excluded. The primary outcomes were 7-day and 28-day mortality. RESULTS The study participants included 757 consecutive adult patients. A subpopulation of 155 patients underwent immune profiling assays on days 1, 3, and 7 of ICU admission. The DPV tool had a better performance for predicting 7-day mortality (area under curve, AUC: 0.70), followed by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (AUC: 0.64), the plus pulse pressure (AUC: 0.64). For predicting 28-day mortality, the DPV tool was not inferior to the SOFA (AUC: 0.61), DPV tool (AUC: 0.59). CONCLUSIONS The DPV tool can be applied for 7-day and 28-day mortality risk prediction in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Han Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Hung
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tang Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chih Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Che Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
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The Impact of Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124007. [PMID: 30545086 PMCID: PMC6321219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Although the exact cause of SLE has not been identified, it is clear that both genetics and environmental factors trigger the disease. Identical twins have a 24% chance of getting lupus disease if the other one is affected. Internal factors such as female gender and sex hormones, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and other genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect SLE, as well as external, environmental influences such as sunlight exposure, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections. Several studies have reported and proposed multiple associations between the alteration of the epigenome and the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Epigenetic factors contributing to SLE include microRNAs, DNA methylation status, and the acetylation/deacetylation of histone proteins. Additionally, the acetylation of non-histone proteins can also influence cellular function. A better understanding of non-genomic factors that regulate SLE will provide insight into the mechanisms that initiate and facilitate disease and also contribute to the development of novel therapeutics that can specifically target pathogenic molecular pathways.
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Wu C, Li A, Hu J, Kang J. Histone deacetylase 2 is essential for LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:72-84. [PMID: 30207412 PMCID: PMC7379312 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins in regulating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, HDAC2, a class I HDAC family protein, is essential for the LPS‐triggered inflammatory response in macrophages. LPS stimulation increases HDAC2 expression in macrophages. Knockdown of HDAC2 decreases the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as IL‐12, TNF‐α and iNOS following stimulation with LPS. The adoptive transfer of HDAC2 knockdown macrophages attenuates the LPS‐triggered innate inflammatory response in vivo, and these mice are less sensitive to endotoxin shock and Escherichia coli‐induced sepsis. Mechanistically, the c‐Jun protein is the main target of HDAC2‐mediated LPS‐induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, HDAC2 knockdown increases the expression of c‐Jun, which directly binds the promoters of proinflammatory genes and forms nuclear receptor corepressor complexes to inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory genes in macrophages. These effects are rescued by c‐Jun expression. According to the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, HDAC2 also selectively suppresses c‐Jun expression by directly binding to its promoter and modifying histone acetylation after LPS stimulation. Our findings define a new function and mechanism of the HDAC2/c‐Jun signaling network that regulates the LPS‐induced immune response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ang Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Ventilator Dependence Risk Score for the Prediction of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Who Survive Sepsis/Septic Shock with Respiratory Failure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5650. [PMID: 29618837 PMCID: PMC5884833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We intended to develop a scoring system to predict mechanical ventilator dependence in patients who survive sepsis/septic shock with respiratory failure. This study evaluated 251 adult patients in medical intensive care units (ICUs) between August 2013 to October 2015, who had survived for over 21 days and received aggressive treatment. The risk factors for ventilator dependence were determined. We then constructed a ventilator dependence (VD) risk score using the identified risk factors. The ventilator dependence risk score was calculated as the sum of the following four variables after being adjusted by proportion to the beta coefficient. We assigned a history of previous stroke, a score of one point, platelet count less than 150,000/μL a score of one point, pH value less than 7.35 a score of two points, and the fraction of inspired oxygen on admission day 7 over 39% as two points. The area under the curve in the derivation group was 0.725 (p < 0.001). We then applied the VD risk score for validation on 175 patients. The area under the curve in the validation group was 0.658 (p = 0.001). VD risk score could be applied to predict prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients who survive sepsis/septic shock.
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