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Melamed DM, Botting J, Lofthouse K, Pass L, Meiser-Stedman R. The Relationship Between Negative Self-Concept, Trauma, and Maltreatment in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:220-234. [PMID: 38386241 PMCID: PMC10920440 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Experiencing trauma in childhood is a global public health issue linked to worse physical and mental health outcomes, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Self-concept is a transdiagnostic concept linked to various psychopathologies and understanding its unique relationship to trauma is important. This meta-analysis aimed to understand the size of the effect between trauma and maltreatment and self-concept in children and adolescents. The current meta-analysis searched PubMed, PILOTS, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria involved studies with defined trauma exposure, valid measures of self-concept, and participants' mean age under 18 years old. One-hundred-and-thirty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis (N = 255,334). A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. A small negative relationship was observed between trauma exposure and self-concept (r = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.22, - 0.18). This relationship was significantly moderated by some variables (type and nature of trauma exposure) but not others (participant gender, type of self-concept measure, quality of studies, country economic status). A small relationship between trauma exposure and negative self-concept in children and adolescents was detected, with repeated trauma exposure and type of trauma exposure moderating this relationship. This provides important directions for clinical practice around providing support for those exposed or most vulnerable to experiencing trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Melamed
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jessica Botting
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Katie Lofthouse
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Laura Pass
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Ortega-Barón J, Machimbarrena JM, Caba-Machado V, Díaz-López A, Tejero-Claver B, González-Cabrera J. Solicitation and Sexualized Interactions of Minors with Adults: Prevalence, Overlap with Other Forms of Cybervictimization, and Relationship with Quality of Life. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION 2023; 32:155-163. [PMID: 37691716 PMCID: PMC10484019 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with minors by adults constitute one of the most pernicious risks of the Internet. Little is known about the age range in which this phenomenon is most prevalent or the relationship and overlap of this problem with other risks, such as peer-to-peer cybervictimization and cyber dating abuse. Additionally, little empirical evidence exists on whether the overlap between these types of online victimization affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to: 1) analyze the prevalence of sexual solicitation and interaction according to sex and stage of adolescence; 2) relate this problem to other forms of online victimization (cybervictimization and cyber dating abuse); 3) analyze the overlap between these forms of online victimization and differences in HRQoL scores. A cross-sectional and analytical study with 3,578 adolescents (52.7% girls) aged between 10-15 years was carried out. Of the adolescents in the study sample, 12.6% (n = 448) had received sexual requests and 6.4% (n = 230) had interacted sexually with adults. Sexual solicitation was most common among girls in middle adolescence. Of the participants, 33.9% (n = 1,216) had been involved in some form of online victimization. Peer cybervictimization and cyber dating abuse were positively and significantly correlated with sexualized solicitation/interactions with adults. Victims with the overlapping of all three types of online victimization (2.7%, n = 98) presented the lowest HQRoL scores (p < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- University of the Basque CountryDonostiaSpainUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain;
| | - Vanessa Caba-Machado
- Universidad Internacional de La RiojaFaculty of EducationSpainFaculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Spain;
| | - Adoración Díaz-López
- Universidad Internacional de La RiojaFaculty of EducationSpainFaculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Spain;
| | - Blanca Tejero-Claver
- Universidad Internacional de La RiojaFaculty of EducationSpainFaculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Spain;
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Universidad Internacional de La RiojaCentro de Investigación, Transferencia e InnovaciónSpainCentro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación (CITEI), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Spain
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Mathews B, Meinck F, Erskine HE, Tran N, Lee H, Kellard K, Pacella R, Scott JG, Finkelhor D, Higgins DJ, Thomas HJ, Haslam DM. Adaptation and validation of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire-R2 for a national study of child maltreatment in Australia. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106093. [PMID: 36805615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish national prevalence of child maltreatment, reliable, valid and contextually appropriate measurement is needed. This paper outlines the refinement, adaptation and testing of child maltreatment sections of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ)-R2 for use in the Australian context. METHODS Three phases were undertaken: 1) Conceptual analysis of the five forms of child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, neglect, and experience of domestic violence), item mapping and review, item development, and independent expert review; 2) Cognitive testing with members of the general population, and individuals who have experienced maltreatment; and 3) Pilot testing and quantitative psychometric assessment with a random sample of Australians aged 16-65+ years. RESULTS The final measure included a total of 17 child maltreatment screener items, assessing Physical Abuse (2 items), Sexual abuse (5 items (including 2 non-contact items and 3 contact items), Emotional Abuse (3 items), Neglect (3 items), and Experience of Domestic Violence (4 items). Screener items were also included on corporal punishment (1 item), and internet sexual victimization (2 items). The final 17-item revised JVQ had high face and conceptual validity and good internal reliability (α = 0.86 and Ω = 0.87). Test re-test reliability was moderate to high for individual screeners ranging from k = 0.45 to 0.89. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire-R2: Adapted Version (Australian Child Maltreatment Study) is a suitable instrument for assessing population-wide prevalence of maltreatment. It is congruent with conceptual models of maltreatment and shows good reliability and validity in this Australian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mathews
- School of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; OPTENTIA, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Holly E Erskine
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Nam Tran
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Family over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Ha Lee
- School of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen Kellard
- Qualitative Research Unit. Social Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosana Pacella
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, Australia; QIMR Berghofer, Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Finkelhor
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Daryl J Higgins
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Parenting and Family Support Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, Australia; QIMR Berghofer, Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Divna M Haslam
- School of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Parenting and Family Support Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Meyer SR, Stöckl H, Vorfeld C, Kamenov K, García-Moreno C. A scoping review of measurement of violence against women and disability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263020. [PMID: 35100320 PMCID: PMC8803172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing evidence indicates that prevalence of violence against women with disability is elevated compared to women without disability. We conducted a scoping review with a focus on measurement to assess the forms of measurement and study design utilized to explore the intersection of violence against women with disabilities, and to identify strengths and limitations in current approaches to measuring violence against women with disabilities. This scoping review is designed to inform current debates and discussions regarding how to generate evidence concerning violence against women with disabilities. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted systematic searches of the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, PILOTS, ERIC, Social Work Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Social Services Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice, and Dissertations & Theses Global, and conducted structured searches of national statistics and surveys and grey literature available on-line. We identified 174 manuscripts or reports for inclusion. n = 113 manuscripts or reports utilized acts-specific measurement of violence. In terms of measurement of disability, we found that amongst the included manuscripts and reports, n = 75 utilized measures of functioning limitations (n = 20 of these were Washington Group questions), n = 15 utilized a single question approach and n = 67 defined participants in the research as having a disability based on a diagnosis or self-report of a health condition or impairment. DISCUSSION This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of measurement of violence against women with disabilities and measurement of violence within disability-focused research. We identified several important gaps in the evidence, including lack of sex and disability disaggregation, limited evidence concerning adaptation of data collection methods to ensure accessibility of research activities for women with disabilities, and limited evidence concerning differential relationships between types of disability and violence exposure. This scoping review provides directions for sub-analyses of the included studies and further research to address gaps in evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Meyer
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- The Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilia Vorfeld
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaloyan Kamenov
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia García-Moreno
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Martín-Pérez ÁDL, Gascón-Cánovas JJ. The Impact of the Magnitude of the Group of Bullies on Health-Related Quality of Life and Academic Performance Among Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 54:796-805. [PMID: 34853994 PMCID: PMC10140123 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the consequences that physical and verbal/social victimization by peers and the magnitude of the groups of bullies have on academic performance and the psychological and social domains of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). 1428 secondary school students in the south-east Spain completed the Spanish version of the "Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bullying" and "KIDSCREEN-52" questionnaires in order to analyse, respectively, peer victimization and the psychological and social domains of HRQoL. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and academic achievement was also collected. Findings emphasise the potential of peer victimization in all its forms as risk factors explaining poor HRQoL in psychological, social and emotional domains. The number of bullies was an imponent and significant risk factor that explains a worse HRQoL in the five socio-psychological dimensions studied (Odds Ratio 4.08, Odds Ratio 9.25, Odds Ratio 4.69, Odds Ratio 2.91, Odds Ratio 11.92). Nevertheless, peer victimization rarely seems to affect academic achievement. Results suggest that much of prevention and intervention are still needed to reduce peer victimization, focusing on large bullies' groups and their harmful impact on adolescent's HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan José Gascón-Cánovas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30110, Murcia, Spain.
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Natukunda HPM, Mubiri P, Cluver LD, Ddumba-Nyanzi I, Bukenya B, Walakira EJ. Which Factors Are Associated With Adolescent Reports of Experiencing Various Forms of Abuse at the Family Level in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP12067-NP12096. [PMID: 31789094 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research assessing familial violence against adolescents, using caregiver-adolescent dyads, is limited in post-conflict settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with adolescent-reported familial abuse in post-conflict northern Uganda. It also assessed the relationship between abuse subtypes and (a) beliefs supporting aggression and (b) adolescent well-being and life satisfaction. A randomly selected community-based sample of 10- to 17-year-old adolescents (54% girls) and their caregivers (N = 427 dyads) in two northern Uganda districts was used. Abuse outcomes were adolescent reported. All measures used standardized tools that have been adapted for research in resource-limited settings. Analyses used multivariable linear regressions in Stata 14/IC. Overall, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse rates were 70% (confidence interval [CI] = [65.7, 74.4]), 72% (CI = [67.4, 76.0]), and 18.0% (CI = [14.0, 21.2]), respectively. Polyvictimization was 61% (CI = [55.4, 64.7]). There were no gender differences regarding adolescent reports of physical and emotional abuse, but adolescent girls were more likely to report sexual abuse and polyvictimization than adolescent boys. All forms of adolescent-reported abuse (except sexual abuse) were associated with caregiver reports of harsh disciplinary practices. In addition, emotional abuse was associated with physical and sexual abuse. Physical abuse was associated with being an orphan and emotional abuse. Sexual abuse was associated with being a girl, older adolescent age, living in a larger household, and emotional abuse. Polyvictimization was positively associated with being an orphan, younger caregiver age, caregiver-reported poor monitoring and supervision, and higher household socioeconomic status, but negatively associated with lower parental role satisfaction. Physical and emotional (but not sexual) abuse and polyvictimization were associated with beliefs supporting aggression among adolescents. All abuse subtypes were associated with lower levels of perceived well-being and life satisfaction among adolescents in this study. Child abuse prevention programs have the potential to improve adolescent-caregiver interaction and interrupt the violence transmission cycle in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P M Natukunda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- MRC Harwell Institute, UK Research and Innovation, Oxfordshire, UK
- University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucie D Cluver
- University of Oxford, UK
- University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Mental Health, Quality of Life and Violence Exposure in Low-Socioeconomic Status Children and Adolescents of Guatemala. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207620. [PMID: 33086701 PMCID: PMC7589969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing up in vulnerable conditions has an impact on children and adolescents’ mental health and well-being outcomes. However, this evidence has rarely been obtained in middle and low-income countries like Guatemala, where food insecurity and exposure to violence frequently threaten childhood development. The aim of this study was to analyse the relations that sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors have with psychological adjustment of low-socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalan children and adolescents, and how these relations were mediated by food insecurity and exposure to violence. A total of 185 participants (50.8% girls; aged between 6 to 17, M = 11.82, SD = 3.7) from three vulnerable schools located in rural and urban areas of Guatemala were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly moderates the effect of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in measures of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life. Adolescents more exposed to violence reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, as well as lower levels of health-related quality of life. In contrast, food insecurity did not seem to influence psychological adjustment outcomes in this low-SES sample. These findings highlight the relevance of exposure to violence for mental health and well-being, and is a factor that should be considered when designing public health policies to promote children and adolescents’ welfare.
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Tran T, Nguyen HT, Shochet I, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen N, La N, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Nguyen T, Le M, Fisher J. School-based, two-arm, parallel, controlled trial of a culturally adapted resilience intervention to improve adolescent mental health in Vietnam: study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039343. [PMID: 33067293 PMCID: PMC7574926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP) is an evidence-based resilience intervention for adolescents. Operating in a strength-focused paradigm, the programme uses an integration of cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy to improve coping skills and build resilience. This study aims to establish whether a culturally and linguistically adapted intervention informed by RAP principles is effective in increasing resilience, enhancing coping skills and preventing symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will translate, back-translate and culturally adapt the RAP for adolescents and training materials for facilitators, and the adapted intervention will be called Happy House. A two-arm parallel controlled trial will be conducted in eight high schools in the north of Vietnam. In each of the selected schools, all students from four randomly selected grade 10 classes (an estimation of about 1204 students) will be invited to participate. The control group will receive the usual curriculum. The intervention group will receive six weekly 90 min school-based group sessions of Happy House in addition to the usual curriculum. The primary outcome, depressive symptoms, will be measured using a locally validated version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised. Secondary outcomes are mental well-being, coping self-efficacy, school connectedness, anger management and health risk behaviours. Data will be collected at recruitment, and at two weeks and six months post intervention. Mixed-effect logistic regression for the main outcome and mixed-effect linear and logistic regression models for the secondary outcomes will be conducted to estimate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has been approved by Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 21455) and the Institutional Review Board of the Hanoi School of Public Health (488/2019/YTCC-HD3). Dissemination of findings will include peer-reviewed publications, international and national conferences, seminar and media presentations, national policy briefings in Vietnam, local language reports and lay language summaries for participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, registration number: ACTRN12620000088943 (3/2/2020).WHO Universal Trial Number: U1111-1246-4079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Tran
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Science, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ian Shochet
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Astrid Wurfl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayne Orr
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Science, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga La
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Science, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hau Nguyen
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruby Stocker
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Le
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Brown RC, Plener PL, Braehler E, Fegert JM, Huber-Lang M. Associations of adverse childhood experiences and bullying on physical pain in the general population of Germany. J Pain Res 2018; 11:3099-3108. [PMID: 30584352 PMCID: PMC6287510 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s169135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a frequent burden in the general population. Child maltreatment and bullying are risk factors for the development of chronic pain. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of child maltreatment and bullying and pain experiences in a representative sample of the general population. Materials and methods A total of N=2,491 people from the general population of Germany participated in the study (Mage=48.3 years [SD=18.2], 53.2 % female). Child maltreatment was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), pain was rated with the Polytrauma Outcome (POLO)-physical state domain, depression scores were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, and anxiety scores via the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. Regression analyses were calculated to investigate the effect of bullying and child maltreatment, as well as depression, anxiety, and gender on pain experiences. Results A significant correlation between increasing pain levels and number of adverse childhood experiences was found. With regard to specific types of maltreatment, largest effect sizes were found for emotional abuse. Bullying was significantly, but overall rather moderately, related to pain suffering. In women, all forms of maltreatment were associated with pain, while in men only sexual and physical abuse revealed significant effects. Although depression and anxiety scores were significantly associated with the experience of current pain, they did not change the effect of child maltreatment on pain significantly. Conclusion In this sample of the general population, adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with pain and showed cumulative effects, over and above depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Brown
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Braehler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joerg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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González-Cabrera J, León-Mejía A, Beranuy M, Gutiérrez-Ortega M, Alvarez-Bardón A, Machimbarrena JM. Relationship between cyberbullying and health-related quality of life in a sample of children and adolescents. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:2609-2618. [PMID: 29881894 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a well-known construct that refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Its relationship with multiple forms of violence, including bullying, has been widely explored, but this is not the case for cyberbullying. The main objective is to analyze how HRQoL varies depending on the role played in cyberbullying, its temporal stability, and gender and age differences. METHOD An analytical and longitudinal study was conducted at two temporal moments. At Time 1 (December 2015), 920 Spanish students aged between 11 and 18 years participated (Mage = 13.36, SD = 1.83: 48.9% boys and 51.1% girls). At Time 2 (April 2016), there were 313 participants (Mage 12.81 years, SD = 1.59: 53.4% boys and 46.6% girls). We used the Cyberbullying Test (technological scale) and the Spanish version of the KIDSCREEN-52. RESULTS Cybervictims and cyberbully-victims present worse scores in all dimensions of the KIDSCREEN-52 (p < .001), compared to cyberbystanders or uninvolved individuals. There are gender differences only in cyberaggression and cyberbystanding. There are significant inverse correlations between all the dimensions of the KIDSCREEN-52 and cybervictimization, with Bullying (r = - .603, p < .001), Mood (r = - .329, p < .001), and School environment (r = - .327, p < .001) being particularly relevant. There were statistically significant differences between T1 and T2 for cyberbystanding (lower scores at T2). CONCLUSION Cybervictims and cyberbully-victims have worse quality of life in all the dimensions than uninvolved individuals, especially in Psychological well-being, School environment, and Bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A León-Mejía
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain.,Open University, London, UK
| | - M Beranuy
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
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"I feel that life is meaningless": Vietnamese adolescents' experiences of and reflections about interpersonal violence. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e12. [PMID: 29868232 PMCID: PMC5981651 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experiences of and reflections on interpersonal violence and victimisation among adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries are poorly understood. The aim was to describe Vietnamese adolescents' reflections on their experiences of victimisation. METHOD A self-completed, cross-sectional survey investigating exposure to violence among high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam was conducted during 2013-2014. The last section invited participants to write about any of the matters covered in the questionnaire. Thematic analysis was conducted on these free-text comments. RESULTS A total of 73/76 eligible students participated in the pilot and 1616/1745 in the main survey. Of these, a total of 239 records with free-text comments were analysed. Students described experiences of violence occurring at home, at school and in the community. Experiences of violence led to sadness, loneliness, having extremely negative thoughts about the value of life, and suicidal ideas. Adolescents' experiences occurred in the context of poor parent-adolescent and teacher-student relationships, particularly concerning dissatisfaction with academic performance. Adolescents wanted to be trusted, to be given more autonomy, and to improve their relationships with parents and teachers. CONCLUSIONS Vietnamese adolescents experience various forms of victimisation, which are detrimental to their health and wellbeing. Understanding of their experiences of and perceptions of violence and its impact on their health and wellbeing is important in the prevention of violence against young people in Vietnam.
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