1
|
Li M, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhao R, Loban K, Yang H, Mitchell R. Organizational culture and turnover intention among primary care providers: a multilevel study in four large cities in China. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2346203. [PMID: 38826145 PMCID: PMC11149567 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2346203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary health care plays an important role in providing populations with access to health care. However, it is currently facing unprecedented workforce shortages and high turnover worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between organizational culture and turnover intention among primary care providers in China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered in four large cities in China, Tianjin, Jinan, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, comprising 38 community health centers and 399 primary care providers. Organizational culture was measured using the Competing Value Framework model, which is divided into four culture types: group, development, hierarchy, and rational culture. Turnover intention was measured using one item assessing participants' intention to leave their current position in the following year. We compared the turnover intention among different organizational culture types using a Chi-square test, while the hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between organizational culture and turnover intention. RESULTS The study found that 32% of primary care providers indicated an intention to leave. Primary care providers working in a hierarchical culture reported higher turnover intention (43.18%) compared with those in other cultures (p < 0.05). Hierarchical culture was a predictor of turnover intention (OR = 3.453, p < 0.001), whereas rational culture had a negative effect on turnover intention (OR = 0.319, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings inform organizational management strategies to retain a healthy workforce in primary health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Katya Loban
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Huiyun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Health and Wellbeing Research Unit (HoWRU), Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Xu W, Chen Y, Xu C, Zheng J, Zou Y, Zhou B. Job satisfaction and turnover of the first group of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students in Guangxi, China: a mixed-method study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:237. [PMID: 38965480 PMCID: PMC11225299 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, China launched a rural-oriented tuition-waived medical education (RTME) programme to train more general practitioners (GPs) to meet the needs of the rural health workforce. Motivating and maintaining GPs is an important consideration for the shortage in the rural health workforce. This study aimed to investigate job satisfaction and turnover among the first group of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students (RTMSs) who had completed a three-year compulsory service in Guangxi, as well as the factors affecting RTMSs turnover. METHODS This study adopted a mixed-method approach. A quantitative survey of 129 RTMSs was analysed (81.6% response rate), and qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 stakeholders, including 18 RTMSs, six administrators of the County Health Bureau, and six administrators of township health centers (THCs). A t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS Among the 129 participants, the turnover rate was high, with 103 RTMSs reporting turnover (79.84%). Interpersonal relationships scored the highest in job satisfaction (3.63 ± 0.64) among RTMSs, while working conditions were rated the lowest (2.61 ± 0.85). Marital status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.236, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.059-0.953, P = 0.043), only child status (OR = 8.660, 95%CI = 1.714-43.762, P = 0.009), and job return satisfaction (OR = 0.290, 95%CI = 0.090-0.942, P = 0.039) were significantly associated with turnover. Univariate analyses showed that income had a significant influence on turnover, but the relationship gone by multivariable; however it was deemed important in the qualitative study. Qualitative analysis revealed that turnover was influenced by the working atmosphere, effort-reward imbalance, professional competence, and opportunities for training and promotion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights for the policymakers about the priority areas for retaining GPs in rural locations and provides reference values for the retention of GPs in other regions with a shortage of rural health workers. For RTMSs to continue providing services to rural areas, the government should improve their salaries, balance their income and workload, provide more opportunities for training and career promotion, and managers should recognise their efforts and create an optimistic working atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Chen
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wenjia Xu
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guang xi, 545000, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengying Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Xia P, Liu C, Ye C, Zeng Q, Liang B. A chain mediation model on organizational support and turnover intention among healthcare workers in Guangdong province, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1391036. [PMID: 38912267 PMCID: PMC11190159 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1391036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has presented significant difficulties for healthcare workers worldwide, resulting in a higher tendency to quit their jobs. This study aims to investigate the correlation between organizational support, work-family-self balance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of healthcare professionals in China's public hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 5,434 health workers recruited from 15 public hospitals in Foshan municipality in China's Guangdong province. The survey was measured by organizational support, work-family-self balance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention using a five-point Likert scale. The association between organizational support, work-family-self balance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention was investigated using Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis through the PROCESS macro (Model 6). Results Organizational support indirectly affected turnover intention through three pathways: the mediating role of work-family-self balance, job satisfaction, and the chain mediating role of both work-family-self balance and job satisfaction. Conclusion Health administrators and relevant government sectors should provide sufficient organizational support, enhance work-family-self balance and job satisfaction among healthcare workers, and consequently reduce their turnover intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xia
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Research on Health Economics and Health Promotion, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chumin Ye
- Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baofang Liang
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, He W, Jiang J, Luo X, Li G, Li Y, Ding M, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Cao Y, Zhou S, Han X. The Impact of high-performance work system perceived by medical staff on job satisfaction: the mediating role of self-efficacy. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:492-504. [PMID: 36916209 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2189271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As the mainstay of healthcare, the job satisfaction of medical staff deserves attention. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the perception of the high-performance work system (P-HPWS) and job satisfaction of medical staff in public hospitals and to further investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy. From November 2019 to January 2020, a cross-sectional survey on working doctors and nurses was conducted in five tertiary public hospitals in China. A total of 520 participants were surveyed. The P-HPWS, job satisfaction, and self-efficacy were assessed using the 25-item self-administered scale, six-item job satisfaction questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively. Linear regression and mediation effects models were used to identify the associations between primary variables. The results showed a significant positive correlation between P-HPWS and job satisfaction (P < 0.01), while self-efficacy played a mediating role between P-HPWS and job satisfaction. This finding reveals the benefits of improving employees' P-HPWS and self-efficacy on their job satisfaction, and that hospitals can improve their management systems by implementing and refining HPWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Luo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yilun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Ding
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Office of Legal Affairs, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Cao
- Finance Department, Gansu provincial maternity and child-care hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Radioimaging, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi K, Wang Y, Sun Z, Zhao J, Xiang F, Chen Z, Sun W, Zheng Y. Turnover behavior and intention among dentists and medical doctors: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38311735 PMCID: PMC10840253 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention of doctors is a global challenge and doctors working in different departments may face different problems. The study aimed to explore the turnover behavior and intention and correlated factors among Chinese dentists and medical doctors in other clinical fields. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted online in 5 regions of China from March 12th to April 12th, 2020. The questionnaire included 3 parts, socio-demographic characteristics, turnover behavior and intention, and concerns about work-related factors. Chi-square test and/or Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test were applied for comparison, and binary logistic regression was used for finding the factors. RESULTS A total of 2428 eligible questionnaire were received, comprising 1954 responses from dentists and 474 from medical doctors. Rates of turnover behavior among dentists and medical doctors were 2.87% and 6.96%, respectively. Similarly, rates of turnover intention were 51.79% among dentists and 71.20% among medical doctors. Educational level was negatively correlated with turnover behavior of both medical doctors and dentists, and concern about salary was a unique negatively correlated factor for dentists. Age was negatively correlated with turnover intention in both medical doctors and dentists. Conversely, concerns about workload and doctor-patient relationship were positively correlated with turnover intention in both groups. Concern about salary was the distinct correlated factor of medical doctors' turnover intention, while gender and annual household income were correlated with turnover intention among dentists. CONCLUSIONS Low turnover rate but high turnover intention rate was the current status of Chinese doctors' employment. Turnover behavior and intention were more optimistic among dentists than medical doctors. Factors related to turnover behavior and turnover intention were not identical among dentists and medical doctors. Therefore, personalized retention measures were necessary for dentists and medical doctors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keying Shi
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shangcheng District Jiubao Community Health Center of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyue Xiang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanna Zheng
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Dental Hospital/Ningbo Oral Health Research Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
BowenXue, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Luo H. Decent work, work engagement, and turnover intention among registered nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:31. [PMID: 38200595 PMCID: PMC10777638 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses face substantial career challenges arising from global pandemics, economic crises, and their roles in conflict-ridden areas. In this context, the rights of nurses pertaining to decent work, such as freedom, fairness, safety, and dignity, are not adequately safeguarded. This study examines decent work status among Chinese nurses and its links to demographics, work engagement, and turnover intention. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used following STROBE guidelines. Through a convenient sampling method, a total of 476 nurses were surveyed. These participants were drawn from three esteemed tertiary Grade A hospitals in Hangzhou, with data collection spanning from June to August in 2023. We used a comprehensive set of assessment instruments, encompassing an evaluation of demographic characteristics, the Decent Work Perceptions Scale (DWPS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UEWS), and turnover intention questionnaire. Bootstrapping procedures were used to ensure the robustness and reliability of the model. RESULTS The study revealed that nurses' perceptions of decent work significantly impacted work engagement (β = 0.603, p < 0.001) and turnover intention (β = -0.275, p < 0.001). Work engagement operated as a mediator between decent work and turnover intention, decreasing the likelihood of nurses leaving their positions (β = -0.062, p < 0.001). Factors such as age, years of working experience, professional title, job category, and attendance at professional conferences significantly influenced nurses' perceptions of decent work (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study examines factors affecting decent work among nurses and explores its connection with work engagement and the intention to leave. Despite limitations (sample, social desirability bias), the study offers valuable insights for nursing practice. This suggests managers improve decent work for young nurses through rational shift schedules and continuous education. Policymakers should consider adjusting nursing policies for better employment conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BowenXue
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihui Zhao
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong Luo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo N, Bai R, Sun Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu X, Liu L. Job preferences of master of public health students in China: a discrete choice experiment. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38178052 PMCID: PMC10768294 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of public health personnel and the uneven distribution between urban and rural areas are thorny issues in China. Master of public health (MPH) is an integral part of public health human resources in the future, and it is of far-reaching significance to discuss their work preferences. The present study wants to investigate the job preference of MPH, understand the relative importance of different job attributes, and then put forward targeted incentive measures. METHODS Discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to evaluate the job preference of MPHs in two medical colleges in Liaoning Province. Attributes include employment location, bianzhi, working environment, career development prospects, work value and monthly income. Thirty-six choice sets were developed using a fractional factorial design. Mixed logit models were used to analysis the DCE data. RESULTS The final sample comprised 327 MPHs. All the attributes and levels included in the study are statistically significant. Monthly income is the most important factor for MPHs. For non-economic factors, they value career development prospects most, followed by the employment location. Respondents' preferences are heterogeneous and influenced by individual characteristics. Subgroup analysis showed that respondents from different family backgrounds have different job preferences. Policy simulation suggested that respondents were most sensitive to a salary increase, and the combination of several non-economic factors can also achieve the same effect. CONCLUSIONS Economic factors and non-economic factors significantly affect the job preference of MPHs. To alleviate the shortage and uneven distribution of public health personnel, more effective policy intervention should comprehensively consider the incentive measures of the work itself and pay attention to the individual characteristics and family backgrounds of the target object.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nansheng Luo
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan H, Han Z, Nie H, Yang W, Nicholas S, Maitland E, Zhao W, Yang Y, Shi X. Continuing medical education in China: evidence from primary health workers' preferences for continuing traditional Chinese medicine education. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1200. [PMID: 37924090 PMCID: PMC10623727 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuing Medical Education (CME) is an important part of the training process for health workers worldwide. In China, training in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) not only improves the expertise of medical workers, but also supports the Chinese Government's policy of promoting TCM as an equal treatment to western medicine. CME, including learning Traditional Chinese Medicine Technologies (TCMTs), perform poorly and research into the motivation of health workers to engage in CME is urgently required. Using a discrete choice experiment, this study assessed the CME learning preferences of primary health workers, using TCMT as a case study of CME programs. METHODS We conducted a discrete choice experiment among health workers in Shandong Province, Guizhou Province, and Henan provinces from July 1, 2021 to October 1, 2022 on the TCMT learning preferences of primary health workers. The mixed logit model and latent class analysis model were used to analyze primary health workers' TCMT learning preferences. RESULTS A total of 1,063 respondents participated in this study, of which 1,001 (94.2%) passed the consistency test and formed the final sample. Our key finding was that there were three distinct classes of TCMT learners. Overall, the relative importance of the seven attributes impacting the learning of TCMTs were: learning expenses, expected TCMT efficacy, TCMT learning difficulty, TCMT mode of learning, TCMT type, time required to learn, and expected frequency of TCMT use. However, these attributes differed significantly across the three distinct classes of TCMT learners. Infrequent users (class 1) were concerned with learning expenses and learning difficulty; workaholics (class 2) focused on the mode of learning; and pragmatists (class 3) paid more attention to the expected TCMT efficacy and the expected frequency of TCMT use. We recommend targeted strategies to motivate TCMT learning suited to the requirements of each class of TCMT learners. CONCLUSION Rather than a single TCMT medical education program for primary health workers, CME programs should be targeted at different classes of TCMT learners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoran Han
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Nie
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjin Yang
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Guangdong Institute for International Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- School of Economics and School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Maitland
- University of Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Weihan Zhao
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Strategy and Development, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia G, Zhang Y, Dong L, Huang F, Pu Y, Luo J, Chen YP, Lei Z. The mediating role of organizational commitment between workplace bullying and turnover intention among clinical nurses in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:360. [PMID: 37803355 PMCID: PMC10559583 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace bullying experienced by clinical nurses is a critical and pervasive issue that not only detrimentally impacts nurses but also poses a significant threat to the overall quality of nursing services and patient care. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention among clinical nurses in China. METHODS Participants were recruited from 40 hospitals in various provinces of China from December 2, 2021 to February 25, 2023, using convenience sampling. After obtaining hospital ethical approval and participants' informed consent, clinical nurses (n = 585) from different nursing departments in different hospitals completed the questionnaire. The Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Negative Acts Qestionnaire, Chinese Workers' Organizational Commitment Scale and Turnover Intention Questionnaire were used to collect general demographic data of nurses and assess workplace bullying they experienced, their level of organizational commitment and turnover intention. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses and structural equation model were adopted to analyze the data. RESULTS Pearson's correlation analysis showed that that workplace bullying was significantly negatively correlated with organizational commitment (r = - 0.512, P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with turnover intention (r = 0.558, P<0.01), organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention (r = - 0.539, P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated organizational commitment partially mediated the association between workplace bullying and turnover intention. The total effect (β = 0.69) of workplace bullying on turnover intention consisted of its direct effect (β = 0.41) and the indirect effect mediated through organizational commitment (β = 0.280), with the mediating effect accounting for 40.58% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Organizational commitment mediated the associations of workplace bullying and turnover intention. Therefore, healthcare organizations and nursing managers should develop appropriate strategies to enhance nurses' organizational commitment in order to reduce their turnover intention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guili Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengtao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhengxia Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ning L, Jia H, Gao S, Liu M, Xu J, Ge S, Li M, Yu X. The mediating role of job satisfaction and presenteeism on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention among primary health care workers. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37582742 PMCID: PMC10428580 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turnover problems among primary health care workers are a significant contributor to the shortage of health human resources. This study aims to determine the relationship between job stress and turnover intention among primary health care workers, as well as to examine the mediating effects of job satisfaction and presenteeism on this relationship. METHODS Stratified random sampling and quota sampling were used to select 703 primary health care workers in Jilin Province, China in January 2020. Validated scales were used to measure turnover intention, job stress, job satisfaction, and presenteeism among primary health care workers. The study utilized a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS The turnover intention score of primary health care workers in Jilin Province was 2.15 ± 1.03, and 19.5% of respondents reported a higher turnover intention. Significant sex and occupation differences were found, with a higher rate of turnover intention for male and doctor groups among primary health care workers. This study also revealed a positive correlation between job stress and turnover intention (β = 0.235, P < 0.001), a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention (β= -0.347, P < 0.001), and a significant positive correlation between presenteeism and turnover intention (β = 0.153, P < 0.001). Moreover, the study revealed a significant indirect effect of job stress on turnover intention which was mediated by job satisfaction (β = 0.183, P < 0.001) and presenteeism (β = 0.078, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We confirmed the positive association between job stress and presenteeism with turnover intention, as well as the negative association between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Moreover, our study confirmed the mediating role of job satisfaction and presenteeism in the relationship between job stress and turnover intention. This study provides scientific evidence to address the turnover problem among primary health care workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangwen Ning
- School of Public Administration, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Sangyangji Ge
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xihe Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang A, Tang C, Zhou L, Lv H, Song J, Chen Z, Yin W. How surface acting affects turnover intention among family doctors in rural China: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of occupational commitment. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:3. [PMID: 36703192 PMCID: PMC9878490 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family doctors in rural China are the main force for primary health care, but the workforce has not been well stabilized in recent years. Surface acting is an emotional labor strategy with a disparity between inner feelings and emotional displays, provoking negative effects such as emotional exhaustion, occupational commitment reduction, and, consequently, increasing turnover rate. With the Conservation of Resources theory, this study explores how the surface acting of rural family doctors affects turnover intention through emotional exhaustion and investigates what role occupational commitment plays in this relationship. METHODS With a valid response rate of 93.89%, 953 valid data were collected by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey in December 2021 in Shandong Province, China. Cronbach's Alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to estimate reliability and construct validity, respectively. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was performed to analyze the mediating and moderated mediation effects of surface acting, emotional exhaustion, occupational commitment, and turnover intention. RESULTS Reliability and validity indicated that the measurement instruments were acceptable. Surface acting had a direct positive effect on turnover intention (β = 0.481, 95% CI [0.420, 0.543]). Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effect of surface acting on turnover intention (indirect effect: 0.214, 95% CI [0.175, 0.256]). Occupational commitment moderated the effect of emotional exhaustion on turnover intention (β = - 0.065, 95% CI [- 0.111, - 0.019]), and moderated the indirect effect of surface acting on turnover intention via emotional exhaustion (index of moderated mediation: - 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention among family doctors in rural China, and occupational commitment moderates the direct effect of emotional exhaustion on turnover intention and further moderates the mediating effect. Policymakers should pay more attention to the effects of emotional labor and emotional resource depletion on the stability of rural health human resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changhai Tang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Business, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haiyuan Lv
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lv H, Zhou L, Yu Z, Shao J, Yu Y, Yin W, Chen Z. How does the turnover intention of village clinic doctors change after China's new health care system reform? A comparison based on three surveys in a province in eastern China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1092386. [PMID: 36684887 PMCID: PMC9850237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1092386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to analyze the changes in village clinic doctors' turnover intention following the new health care system reform (NHCSR). Methods All the data were obtained from three surveys conducted in 2012, 2015, and 2018 in a province in eastern China. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the changes in village clinic doctors' turnover intention. Results The mean scores of village clinic doctors' turnover intention were 2.87 ± 1.07, 2.76 ± 1.12, and 2.99 ± 1.14 in 2012, 2015, and 2018, respectively, with a significant difference (F = 3.60, P = 0.03). During the 3 years, the turnover intention scores of village clinic doctors who were male, aged 40 years and below, secondary technical school graduates, had the qualifications to practice as village clinic doctors, and were under village-township integrated management first decreased and then increased. The turnover intention scores of village clinic doctors with medical practitioner qualifications increased; however, the scores, decreased for those without village-township integrated management. Conclusion The turnover intention of village clinic doctors has increased, and the possible reasons for this phenomenon include changes in the demographic characteristics of village clinic doctors and policy factors. The government should pay more attention to the problems that village clinic doctors consider of urgent concern, such as the treatment of income and pension insurance, and provide greater career development and training opportunities for village clinic doctors to maintain their motivation and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Lv
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaofeng Yu
- Human Resources Office, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxian Shao
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuncong Yu
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Yin
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China,Wenqiang Yin ✉
| | - Zhongming Chen
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhongming Chen ✉
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Surimi K, Almuhayshir A, Ghailan KY, Shaheen NA. Impact of Patient Safety Culture on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave Among Healthcare Workers: Evidence from Middle East Context. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:2435-2451. [PMID: 36620517 PMCID: PMC9811957 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s390021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between patient safety culture and staff outcomes remains unclear to date. This study aimed to identify the relationship between patient safety culture/job satisfaction and intention to leave among healthcare workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the safety culture dimensions and the outcomes in terms of job satisfaction and intention to leave. Results Majority were females (77.2%); age between (20-30) years were (66.1%). 1-5 years work experience was reported by (98.2%); nurses accounted for (75.7%). (62.1%) reported very good patient safety grade. (78.3%) of respondents had no intention to leave; (84.3%) reported they like their job, (70.5%) stated that working in this hospital is like being part of a large family. However, (38%) said the hospital is not a good place to work, and morale in their clinical area is low. The overall composite scores were highest for "teamwork within hospital units (81.4)", and "organizational learning (79.4)", while lowest for "communication openness (37)",staffing (26.5)", and "non-punitive response to error (22.1)". Females were two times more likely to leave their jobs compared to males (AOR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.24-3.46); intention to leave was 3.35 (95% CI = 2.19-5.09). As for job satisfaction, ages between 31-40 years tend to like their job two times more than other age groups (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI = 1.02-3.55). The safety culture domains "staffing" and "hospital management support for patient safety" were linked to a higher odds ratio for job satisfaction. Conclusion Aside from gender and age, the dimensions of safety culture, including staffing, hospital management support, hospital handover, and transition, may have a signification impact on job satisfaction and intention to leave among healthcare workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Surimi
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates,Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirah Almuhayshir
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Y Ghailan
- Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naila A Shaheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Naila A Shaheen, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Mail Code 1515, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-11-4294472, Fax +966-11-4294466, Email
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Doshmangir L, Gharaee H, Babaie J, Aghdam NM, Zahmatkesh M. Retaining clinicians in suburban areas: An experience from Iran's primary health care system reform. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Doshmangir
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management & Medical Informatics Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management & Safety Promotion Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hojatolah Gharaee
- Department of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamedan Iran
| | - Javad Babaie
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management & Medical Informatics Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Nasrin M. Aghdam
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management & Medical Informatics Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organisation Studies Royal Holloway University of London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang H, Zhao S, Liu Q, Wang J, Yuan B. The Association Between Financial Incentives and Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Six Provinces of China. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:2323-2334. [DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s384114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
16
|
Zou Q, He X, Zhang L. Community health workers' mobility in China: Evidence from 2008 to 2017. Front Public Health 2022; 10:947984. [PMID: 36081472 PMCID: PMC9446455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.947984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community health workers (CHWs) are essential to improve the responsiveness of the national health system and the capacity of community health services. Since the implementation of the new program for health system reform in 2009, China has adopted an unprecedented policy to attract and retain CHWs to increase the quantity and quality of CHWs equitably. The policy's effects need to be further determined. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the temporal and spatial dynamics of CHWs' mobility in China from 2008 to 2017. Methods This study used a multistage stratified sampling method to collect 14,094 CHW mobility records from 24 counties and 12 districts in six provinces in China for analysis. The data cover the period from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were adopted to analyse the distribution of mobile CHWs across different years and different subgroups from 2008 to 2017. Results This study found that China's CHWs were in a state of net inflow from 2008 to 2017. The number of net inflows continued to increase from 2008 to 2011 and had a slight downward trend afterwards. CHW turnover occurred more in rural areas and amongst males, physicians, management and support staff, intermediate and senior professional titles, ≥30 years old group and contractual temporary employees. By contrast, the attraction and retention of CHWs are remarkable amongst nurses, pharmacists, imaging and laboratory technicians, junior title, junior college degree and above and <30 years old group. Conclusions China has made great achievements with the policy targeting the attraction and retention of CHWs since the implementation of the new program for health system reform in 2009. However, CHWs in China are faced with the dilemma of an extremely high total mobility, the attraction of CHWs in rural areas is still insufficient, the professional structure of CHWs is unreasonable, and the attrition of high-quality health workers exists. China must pay attention to the fair allocation of urban and rural areas, dynamically adjust the recruitment structure of health technicians, improve the mechanism for attracting and retaining technicians with higher titles and guarantee the benefits of temporary employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqun He
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Liang Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Y, You Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dai T. Systematic and meta-based evaluation on job satisfaction of village doctors: An urgent need for solution issue. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:856379. [PMID: 36059843 PMCID: PMC9433829 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.856379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundVillage doctors are the health “gatekeepers” of rural residents in most developing countries. They undertake a series of strenuous but pivotal missions, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of complicated diseases, sanitation services and management, and preventive healthcare and education tasks. Hence, it is of great importance to evaluate the village doctors’ job satisfaction status, which is one of the most important indicators that can reflect the current working state, to provide guidelines for the healthcare policies.MethodsLiterature search was conducted in 7 authoritative databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Experts in the field of social medicine were consulted to achieve supplement and obtain relevant literature. China was selected as a representative of the village doctor system for the in-depth analysis. Building on the previous literature, we modified and proposed a novel strategy that can transform and integrate the outcome indicators to conduct a meta-based and quantitative assessment on job satisfaction.ResultsA total of 37 publications and 23,595 village doctors were included in this research. The meta-analysis showed that the overall job satisfaction score of village doctors was 3.1858 (total score: 5.00), 95% CI: 2.9675–3.404, which represented the level of “neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.” However, in the subsequent adjustment of publication bias, this score reduced to 2.7579, 95% CI: 2.5254–2.9904, which indicated a direct “dissatisfied” level. To discover the underlying causes, a holistic analysis of each dimension and influencing factors of job satisfaction was conducted, and the results demonstrated that “Financial Rewards” (2.49) was the most important factor causing dissatisfaction among village doctors, followed by “Job Security (2.52)” and “Work Stress (3.05).” Several important themes were also identified and assessed to explore the factors related to this topic.ConclusionThis study indicated that there is an urgent need to improve the working status of health workers in rural and remote areas, especially in the middle- and low-income countries. Health policy makers should not only improve the current remuneration and subsidies of village doctors but also guide the professional development and give them more job security to enhance the work stability of this group. More specifically, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, further surveys on job satisfaction of village doctors should be carried out to take targeted measures.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42021289139].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information and Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Medical Information and Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Institute of Medical Information and Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Institute of Medical Information and Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Dai,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Yuan B, Yu Y, Li J, Meng Q. Work Motivation of Primary Health Workers in China: The Translation of a Measurement Scale and Its Correlation with Turnover Intention. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1369-1381. [PMID: 35873113 PMCID: PMC9304633 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s366389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High turnover intention, as a manifestation of low work motivation, is a crucial barrier to strengthening primary health systems worldwide, including in China. Targeting those being less motivated will be a realistic choice to retain primary health workers. This study translate, adapt, and validate the Work Motivation Scale for Health Workers (WMSHW) scale to directly measure and rate health workers' motivation composition based on Self-Determination Theory, and assessed how health workers with different levels of motivation being associated with the turnover intention. Methods The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed the recommendations of international guidelines. Participants include 1341 health workers within 75 primary health institutions from 6 provinces in China. The reliability and validity of the scale was analyzed. Cluster analysis in a person-centered approach and logistic regression analysis was used to understand how different combinations of motivations related to intention to leave. Results Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the modified five-factor model had a better fit than the other models in accordance with the original English version. The factor loads were high and ranged from 0.70 to 0.9. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for five dimensions of the Chinese WMSHW ranged from 0.81 to 0.94, indicating the scale's high internal consistency. Four distinct clusters of work motivation were found in this study, representing low motivated, highly controlled, highly autonomous and highly motivated primary health workers. Compared with low motivation group, both controlled and autonomous motivation groups were more likely to have lower turnover intention. The negative relationship between motivation and intention to leave became stronger with the level of motivation increasing: highly controlled cluster (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.35-0.63), highly autonomous (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18-0.41) and highly motivated (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.27). Conclusion The Chinese version of WMSHW showed satisfactory reliability and validity and can be used as an instrument for measuring and rating the work motivation of Chinese health workers. The primary health workers were grouped into four motivation levels based on this scale. Both controlled and autonomous motivation could work in reduce the turnover intention, and the influence of autonomous motivation on retaining was stronger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Li
- China Population and Development Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Yuan
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahang Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyue Meng
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia H, Gao S, Shang P, Cao P, Yu J, Yu X. The relationship between public service motivation and turnover intention: the mediating role of work stress and task performance. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:31. [PMID: 35831138 PMCID: PMC9283907 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of health care workforce is a common problem all over the world and one of the main reasons for the shortage is the high turnover rate. Based on the characteristics of medical work, this study explored the relationship among public service motivation (PSM), work stress, task performance and turnover intention. METHODS Medical personnel in public hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling in Jilin province of China and validated scales from previous studies were applied to measure the variables. Besides, a structural equation model of turnover intention was constructed to demonstrate the relationship. RESULTS A total of 3191 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the score of turnover intention was 2.02 ± 1.13. There are significant differences in turnover intention among medical staff of different genders and departments. At the same time, PSM had direct and negative effects on the turnover intention (β = -0.292, P < 0.001), work stress had direct and positive effects on the turnover intention (β = 0.479, P < 0.001), whereas task performance had no significant effect on turnover intention (β = 0.044, P < 0.142). The results showed an acceptable fit model. CONCLUSION The greater the PSM, the lower the turnover intention, and the higher the work stress, the higher the turnover intention. In addition, work stress and task performance play a mediating role between PSM and turnover intention. This paper provides theoretical support for the measures to reduce the turnover intention of medical staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University
| | | | - Peng Cao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University
| | | | - Xihe Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mekonnen T, Abera T, Tilahun A, Tadese A, Yadesa T. Self-reported turnover intention and associated factors among health professionals in Kafa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221088097. [PMID: 35371478 PMCID: PMC8968988 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221088097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess turnover intention and its associated factors among health professionals in Kafa Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods Cross-sectional study design relied on institution that was employed from 1-30 May 2019. Questionnaires were distributed to 427 participants who were selected by simple random sampling technique from selected health facilities. Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 for data entry and Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0 for data analysis were used. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with turnover intention. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to examine associations, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result Overall, 427 questionnaires were distributed, and 389 were returned making 91.1% response rate. Majority of the respondents were between the age of 21 and 30 years and more than half were male. More than half, 219 (56.3%), of the participants reported that they intended to leave their institution. Being female (adjusted odds ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval (1.62-4.33)), married (adjusted odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval (0.34-0.96)), degree holders (adjusted odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval (0.34-0.89)), autonomous (adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval (0.31-0.84) and not satisfied with living place condition (adjusted odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval (1.0-2.83)) were found to have statistically significant association with intention to leave among health professionals in Kafa Zone. Conclusion Turnover intention of health professionals was high in study area. Sex, educational status, marital status, autonomous, and living place condition were the identified predictors of turnover intention among health professionals. The health managers and stakeholders at different levels should have a discussion session with staff to cut the intention to leave the organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Mekonnen
- Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Abera
- Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Tilahun
- Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Tadese
- Department of Nursing, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Yadesa
- Department of Midwifery, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Q, Adhikari SP, Wu Y, Sunil TS, Mao Y, Ye R, Sun C, Shi Y, Zhou C, Sylvia S, Rozelle S, Zhou H. Consultation length, process quality and diagnosis quality of primary care in rural China: A cross-sectional standardized patient study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:902-908. [PMID: 34391601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consultation length, the time spent between patient and health care provider during a visit, is an essential element in measuring quality of health care patients receive from a primary care facility. However, the linkage between consultation length and process quality and diagnosis quality of primary care is still uncertain. This study aims to examine the role consultation length plays in delivering process quality and diagnosis quality, two central components of overall primary care quality, in rural China. METHODS We recruited unannounced standardized patients (SPs) to present classic symptoms of angina and tuberculosis in selected healthcare facilities in three provinces of China. The consultation length and primary care quality of SPs were measured and compared with both international and national standards of care. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions for process quality (continuous dependent variable) and Logistic regressions for diagnosis quality (binary dependent variable) were performed to investigate the relationship between consultation length and primary care quality. RESULTS The average consultation lengths among patients with classic symptoms of angina and those with symptoms of tuberculosis were approximately 4.33 min and 6.28 min, respectively. Providers who spent more time with patients were significantly more likely to complete higher percentage of recommended checklist items of both questions and examinations for angina (β = 1.39, 95%CI 1.01-1.78) and tuberculosis (β = 0.89, 95%CI 0.69-1.08). Further, providers who spent more time with patients were more likely to make correct diagnosis for angina (marginal effect = 0.014, 95%CI 0.002-0.026) and for tuberculosis (marginal effect = 0.013, 95%CI 0.005-0.021). CONCLUSIONS The average consultation length is extremely short among primary care providers in rural China. The longer consultation leads to both better process and diagnosis quality of primary care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We recommend primary care providers to increase the length of their communication with patients. To do so, government should implement healthcare reforms to clarify the requirements of affordable and reliable consultation length in medical care services. Moreover, such an experience can also be extended to other developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sasmita Poudel Adhikari
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuju Wu
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Thankam S Sunil
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, TN, USA
| | - Yuping Mao
- Department of Communication Studies, California State University, California, USA
| | - Ruixue Ye
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaojiang Shi
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anxiety, Burnout and Depression, Psychological Well-Being as Predictor of Healthcare Professionals' Turnover during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study in a Pandemic Hospital. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030525. [PMID: 35327003 PMCID: PMC9105297 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Turnover of healthcare professionals’ is a rapidly growing human resource issue that affects healthcare systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals have faced stressful situations that have negatively impacted their psychological health. In this study, we explored impacts of the emotional wellbeing of healthcare professionals on their intention to quit their jobs. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. The respondents were selected based on simple random sampling. In total, 345 questionaries were returned and used for the analysis. Respondents were healthcare professionals (nurses, doctors, midwives, technicians, etc.) working in a pandemic hospital in Turkey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to predict the emotions that encouraged the respondents to intend to quit their jobs. Emotions including anxiety, burnout, and depression were measured using validated scales. We found that the COVID-19 situation increased the turnover intention, especially among doctors and nurses (ORnurse/midwife = 22.28 (2.78–41.25), p = 0.01; ORdoctors = 18.13 (2.22–2.27), p = 0.01) mediating the emotional pressure it was putting them under. Anxiety related to work-pressure and burnout especially were the main emotional predictors of turnover intention. The more severe the anxiety was, the more the professional considered quitting (ORmoderate = 18.96 (6.75–137.69), p = 0.005; ORsevere = 37.94 (2.46–107.40), p = 0.016). Only severe burnout, however, engendered such an intention among them (ORsevere = 13.05 (1.10–33.48), p = 0.000).
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong L, Qin F, Zhou A, Ding S, Qu H. Relationship Between Self-Acceptance and Intention to Stay at Work Among Clinical Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897157. [PMID: 35903629 PMCID: PMC9314741 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the pandemic and with the growing shortage of nurses, the problem of how to retain existing nurses was of paramount importance. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between nurses' self-acceptance and intention to stay. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing nurses' intention to stay at work, and explore the relationship between self-acceptance and their intention to stay. METHODS Convenience sampling was conducted to select nurses who worked in a clinical environment during June 2020, in hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Self-designed basic information and two questionnaires, namely, the "self-acceptance questionnaire" and "intention to stay" were adopted. Mean, median, related analysis, and regression analysis were adopted to describe the relationship of self-acceptance and intention to stay on part of Chinese nurses. RESULTS A total of 1,015 clinical nurses participated in the survey. The mean score of intention to stay among participants was 22.00. The multiple regression analysis revealed various factors, such as age, family support the work, interest in work, job suitability, type of employment, professional level, weekly working hours, working department and self-acceptance influenced the nurse's intention to stay (β range from -1.506 to 2.249). CONCLUSION Our findings identified several factors that are significantly related to and impact the level of intention to stay among clinical nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Kong
- Department of Psychology, Medical Humanities Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | | | | | - Shanju Ding
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gu M, Kim YS, Sok S. Factors Influencing Turnover Intention Among Operating Room Nurses in South Korea. J Nurs Res 2021; 30:e192. [PMID: 34897201 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operating room nurses experience verbal abuse, high levels of job stress, and burnout that may increase turnover intention. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate and identify factors influencing turnover intention among operating room nurses in South Korea. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample included 193 nurses, all of whom had over 3 months of work experience at operating rooms in hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Measures used included the Verbal Abuse Experience Scale, Job Stress Scale, Burnout Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale. RESULTS Burnout was found to have the greatest influence on turnover intention (β = .34, p < .001), followed by verbal abuse (β = -.23, p = .004), job stress (β = .22, p = .001), age (β = -20, p = .032), and job satisfaction (β = -.14, p = .020). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings support burnout and verbal abuse, respectively, as the most significant and second most significant predictors of turnover intention among operating room nurses in South Korea. These factors should be proactively and effectively addressed to reduce turnover intention in this important group of healthcare professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Gu
- PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Science and Technology, Daejin University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seung Kim
- MSN, RN, Graduate Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyune Sok
- PhD, RN, Professor, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei W, Gan M, Liu Y, Yang M, Liu J. Mediating effects of nurses 'personal and organizational values between organizational commitment and turnover: Cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258387. [PMID: 34648546 PMCID: PMC8516302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The values of individuals and organizations are the core factors driving and guiding nurses’ decision-making and actions. Previous studies mainly focused on the impact of organizational commitment and other influencing factors on turnover intention. Aim To explore the mediating effect of personal and organizational values matching the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention of nursing staff. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 490 subjects in four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin was conducted by convenient sampling. Multivariate regression analysis and structural equation models were used to test each hypothesis. Results The results showed that there is a negative correlation between personal and organizational values, organizational commitment and turnover intention, and personal and organizational values played an indirect intermediary role between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Conclusions Organizational commitment reduces nurses’ turnover intention indirect through personal and organizational values paths. Leaders can improve nurses’ values as members of the organization, so as to participate in their own work more actively. Implications for nursing management Managers should effectively reduce the turnover rate and stabilize the nursing team by improving the organizational commitment and personal and organizational values of clinical nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Wei
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxin Gan
- Nursing Department, Tianjin Union Medical Center Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JL)
| | - Mengyu Yang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JL)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahamed F, Kaur A, Sengupta P, Ghosh T. Perception of safety from workplace violence affects job satisfaction among doctors practicing modern medicine in India: A nationwide survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2252-2258. [PMID: 34322421 PMCID: PMC8284222 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2416_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doctors are often been judged negatively as a consequence of high expectation and demand from their job and face violence at workplace. Continuous worry of facing aggression at workplace may seriously affect job satisfaction and intention to job turnover. However, the association between workplace safety and job satisfaction had not been studied earlier in India. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among doctors from November 2019 to April 2020 using a pre-tested, semi-structured, anonymous "Google forms" based questionnaire among doctors working in private and/or public healthcare settings across India. Perception of safety was assessed by scoring in a scale. Cronbach's coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.88. Job satisfaction was assessed using the 5-item Brayfield and Rothe measure of job satisfaction. Cronbach's coefficient of the scale was 0.76. The data was coded and analyzed with the help of STATA-12. RESULTS 617 doctors practicing modern medicine participated in this study from all over India. 262 (42.5%) doctors were found to be satisfied at their job. Perception of safety at workplace was found to have 2.5 times greater influence on job satisfaction of doctors. 23.2% of the doctors expressed job turnover intention which was positively correlated with job satisfaction and perception of safety. CONCLUSION Perception of safety from workplace violence was found to have significant effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention than actual violence. Appropriate strategy may be undertaken to address this apprehension at workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ahamed
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Sengupta
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Tandra Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Tandra Ghosh, Room No: 110/C, Department of Physiology, First Floor, Medical College Building, AIIMS Kalyani, NH-34 Connector, Basantapur, Saguna, Nadia, West Bengal – 741 245, India. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen X, Yao H, Ran L, Tan X. Job satisfaction and associated factors among health care staff in township health centers--a cross-sectional survey in rural Central China. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1739-1747. [PMID: 34039130 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1930072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Township health centers play a cornerstone role in the primary healthcare in China while it's development is largely limited by the brain drain. Job satisfaction is closely related to brain drain, investigating the relevant factors of job satisfaction can provide strategies to reduce brain drain. This research was conducted in Huangpi, China. Convenience sampling methods and self-administereded questionnaires were used. We collected 1370 valid samples, with an effective rate of 97.72%. Descriptive statistics are used to describe sociodemographic information. The Pearson Chi-square statistical was used to test the binary association between job satisfaction and another categorical variable. All the sociodemographic information was applied to the binary logistic regression model using the stepwise selection method. The mean age was 36.98 (SD = 9.84), factors that affect job satisfaction include educational background (x2 = 7.99, p< 0.05), marital status (x2 = 8.96, p< 0.05, monthly income (x2 = 51.43, p< 0.01), hire form (x2 = 7.64, p< 0.05), hours worked per week (x2 = 33.48, p< 0.01), parent had a stable job (x2 = 10.65, p< 0.01). Government and management should consider the impact of current policies on job satisfaction. Increasing the welfare of healthcare staff and promoting equity are potential strategies for improving low levels of job satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Yao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ran
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Demirović Bajrami D, Terzić A, Petrović MD, Radovanović M, Tretiakova TN, Hadoud A. Will we have the same employees in hospitality after all? The impact of COVID-19 on employees' work attitudes and turnover intentions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2021; 94:102754. [PMID: 34785836 PMCID: PMC8586792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic affected the whole world leaving long-lasting effects on almost every aspect of human lives. The aim of this study was to test how different effects of COVID-19, expressed through job insecurity, employees' health complaints occurred during isolation, risk-taking behavior at workplace and changes in the organization, may impact work-related attitudes (job motivation and job satisfaction) and turnover intentions of the employees in hospitality industry. Based on the data collected from 624 hospitality workers from Serbia, the results indicated that job insecurity and changes in the organization were predictors of all outcomes, in a negative direction, while risk-taking behavior acted as a predictor of job satisfaction only, also in a negative direction. The significance of demographic characteristics, as control variables, showed that age and marital status had significant impact on job motivation and turnover intentions. The theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Demirović Bajrami
- Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić", Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jaksica 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- The South Ural State University, Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, Sony Krivoy Street No. 60, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra Terzić
- Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić", Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jaksica 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko D Petrović
- Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić", Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jaksica 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- The South Ural State University, Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, Sony Krivoy Street No. 60, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Milan Radovanović
- Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić", Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jaksica 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- The South Ural State University, Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, Sony Krivoy Street No. 60, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N Tretiakova
- The South Ural State University, Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, Sony Krivoy Street No. 60, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Abosa Hadoud
- Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg No. 3/3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yan H, Sang L, Liu H, Li C, Wang Z, Chen R, Ding H, Hu Z, Chen G. Mediation role of perceived social support and burnout on financial satisfaction and turnover intention in primary care providers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:252. [PMID: 33740964 PMCID: PMC7980677 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Turnover intention is a major cause of reduced team morale and low work efficiency. It hinders work performance and reduces the quality of medical services. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between financial satisfaction and turnover intention and its mediators among primary care providers. Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 1241 participants from four counties and three districts in Anhui province, China. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Turnover intention was assessed with a turnover intention assessment scale. Perceived social support and burnout were measured with the 12-item Perceived Social Support Scale and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Results The findings showed high turnover intention among primary care providers (mean score 14.16 ± 4.337), and most providers reported low financial satisfaction (mean score 2.49 ± 0.990). The mean perceived social support score was 64.93 ± 13.229, and only 6.1% of primary care providers reported no burnout. Compared with participants with high financial satisfaction, those with low financial satisfaction were more likely to report higher turnover intention (β = − 0.216, p < 0.001), less perceived social support (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), and more severe burnout (β = − 0.123, p < 0.05). Turnover intention may be related to perceived social support (β = − 0.147, p < 0.001) and burnout (β = 0.239, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the effect of financial satisfaction on turnover intention was significantly mediated by perceived social support (β = − 0.027, p < 0.001) and burnout (β = − 0.029, p < 0.05). Conclusions Turnover intention is associated with financial satisfaction, with this association mediated by perceived social support and burnout. A reasonable mechanism needs to be established to improve financial satisfaction and perceived social support and reduce burnout among primary care providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huosheng Yan
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingzhi Sang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hongzhang Liu
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cancan Li
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ren Chen
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hong Ding
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Silva RMD, Brasil CCP, Bezerra IC, Figueiredo MDLF, Santos MCL, Gonçalves JL, Jardim MHDAG. Challenges and possibilities of health professionals in the care of dependent older adults. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:89-98. [PMID: 33533866 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020261.31972020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the challenges and possibilities of health professionals in managing care for dependent older adults in PHC. We employed a qualitative approach based on dialectical hermeneutic fusion. Interviews were carried out with 38 health professionals, from June to December 2019, in eight cities in the five Brazilian regions, which resulted in themes about the challenges of professionals in the management of care for older adults, the strategies used, and their suggestions for improving the quality of care for dependent older adults. Management failures, structural factors, access barriers, scarce supplies, disrupted network, and lack of security, were pointed out as hardships in directing health protection, prevention, and promotion actions. The applied strategies are diverse and conflicting and aim to articulate the multiprofessional teams, which involve the Family Health Strategy and specialists to implement care. Strengthening reception, encouraging home consultation, mobilizing support groups, and carrying out health education were among the participants' integrative practices. Due to the complex study object, it was evidenced that professionals recognize the shortcomings in the health services and face undesirable situations due to the lack of qualified personnel in the teams and the defective materials and transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Magalhães da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade de Fortaleza. Av. Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz. 60811-905 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Christina César Praça Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade de Fortaleza. Av. Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz. 60811-905 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | | | | - Míria Conceição Lavinas Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade de Fortaleza. Av. Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz. 60811-905 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Jonas Loiola Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade de Fortaleza. Av. Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz. 60811-905 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng W, Feng Z, Yao X, Yang T, Jiang J, Wang B, Lin L, Zhong W, Xia O. Occupational identity, job satisfaction and their effects on turnover intention among Chinese Paediatricians: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:6. [PMID: 33397391 PMCID: PMC7780641 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study contributes to research on the paediatrician shortage by examining occupational identity, job satisfaction and their effects on turnover intention among paediatricians in China. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey. Of the 4906 survey recipients, valid data were collected from 4198 of the respondents (85.6%). The participants were from seven geographic regions of China (south, central, north, east, northwest, southwest, and northeast). Paediatricians who volunteered and provided written informed consent participated. All variables including basic socio-demographics and work-related characteristics, occupational identity, job satisfaction and turnover intention were based on available literature, and measured on a 5- point Likert scale. Statistical methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), descriptive analysis, common method bias, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis were used. Results Significant differences were observed among the respondents in terms of turnover intention based on age, education level, marital status, region, the type and grade of practice setting, professional title, years in practise, workload, rest days, and monthly income. Occupational identity and job satisfaction were both negatively related to turnover intention, and occupational identity was positively correlated with job satisfaction (r1 = − 0.601, p < 0.01; r2 = − 0.605, p < 0.01). The results also showed that job satisfaction played a mediating role in the association between occupational identity and turnover intention among Chinese paediatricians. Conclusions Work conditions, workload and salary are crucial factors of turnover intention among paediatricians in China. Therefore, we suggest that healthcare managers should increase investment in paediatrics, implement salary reforms and dedicate more attention to female and young paediatricians, thus reducing turnover intention among Chinese paediatricians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Deng
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- BaYi Children's Hospital, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xinying Yao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Wenhao Zhong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Oudong Xia
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang A, Nikoloski Z, Albala SA, Yip W, Xu J, Mossialos E. Patient Choice of Health Care Providers in China: Primary Care Facilities versus Hospitals. Health Syst Reform 2020; 6:e1846844. [PMID: 33314985 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2020.1846844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As China's health system is faced with challenges of overcrowded hospitals, there is a great need to better understand the recent patterns and determinants of people's choice between primary care facilities and hospitals for outpatient care. Based on recent individual-level data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) and official province-level data from China health statistical yearbooks, we examine the patterns of outpatient visits to primary care facilities versus hospitals among middle-aged and older individuals and explore both supply- and demand-side correlates that explain these patterns. We find that 53% of outpatient visits were paid to primary care facilities as opposed to hospitals in 2015, compared to 60% in 2011. Both supply and demand factors were associated with this decline. On the supply side, we find that the density of primary care facilities did not account for this decline, but higher densities of hospitals and licensed doctors were associated with lower use of primary care facilities. On the demand side, we find that individuals with higher socioeconomic status and greater health care needs were less likely to use primary health care facilities. Our findings suggest that a high concentration of health care professionals in hospitals diverts patients away from primary care facilities. Staffing the primary care facilities with a well-trained health care workforce is the key to a well-functioning primary care system. The findings also suggest a need to address demand-side inequality issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Zhang
- Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, UK
| | - Zlatko Nikoloski
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science , London, UK
| | - Sarah Averi Albala
- UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, University College London , London, UK
| | - Winnie Yip
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Elias Mossialos
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science , London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Z, Shi G, Li L, Bian Y. Job satisfaction among primary care physicians in western China. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:219. [PMID: 33100222 PMCID: PMC7586689 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background There has been great shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs) in China, especially in western areas. Job satisfaction plays a great role in retaining people. The aim of this study is to investigate the job satisfaction of PCPs and associated factors in 11 provinces of western China, thus providing necessary reference values for stabilizing the primary care workforce and improving the quality of primary care services. Method A sample of 2103 PCPs working in western China were surveyed using a stratified, multistage and random sampling method in 2011. The characteristics of participants were recorded by a structured questionnaire. A multilevel model (MLM) and quantile regression (QR) were applied to assess the association between job satisfaction and possible risk factors. Results Of the 2103 doctors surveyed, the overall satisfaction score was 3.26 ± 0.68 (from 1 to 5). MLM indicated that age group, income satisfaction, unit policy approval, personal planning, career attitude, work value and patient recognition were positively correlated with job satisfaction, while turnover intention was negatively correlated with job satisfaction. QR were not completely consistent with MLM and further explored the differences in different job satisfaction score percentiles on each domains. Conclusion This study showed that the job satisfaction of PCPs in western China was not high. The MLM and QR discussed were not entirely consistent, the latter one provided more information and robust results. Measures should be taken in streamlining administration and institute decentralization, creating more opportunities for additional training, raising PCPs’ income, improving the social status of doctors and improving the relationship between doctors and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China.,School of Health Services Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoshuai Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingui Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China. .,School of Health Services Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mohammadiaghdam N, Doshmangir L, Babaie J, Khabiri R, Ponnet K. Determining factors in the retention of physicians in rural and underdeveloped areas: a systematic review. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:216. [PMID: 33097002 PMCID: PMC7585284 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Imbalance in distribution of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in a country is a global challenge. Almost all of the rural and underdeveloped areas are struggling with the shortage of HCWs, especially physicians. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors governing the retention of physicians in rural and underdeveloped areas. Methods International databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Proquest, and Embase were searched using Mesh terms in order to find peer-reviewed journal articles addressing physicians’ retention factors in rural and underdeveloped areas. The records were screened, and any duplicate results were removed. The quality of the studies was assessed according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program developed for different types of studies. Then, through content analysis, the related factors were identified from finally selected papers, coded, and categorized. Results The initial search resulted in 2312 relevant articles. On the basis of specific selection criteria, 35 full-text articles were finally reviewed.. The major affecting factors in physicians’ retention in rural and underdeveloped regions were classified into the following six categories: 1) financial; 2) career and professional; 3) working conditions; 4) personal; 5) cultural; and 6) living conditions factors. Conclusion There is a complex interplay of factors governing physicians’ retention in rural and underdeveloped areas. If health organizations are concerned with physicians’ retention in deprived areas, they should take into account these main factors. Moreover, they should develop policies and strategies to attract and retain physicians in rural and underdeveloped areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mohammadiaghdam
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Doshmangir
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Services Research, Health Management and safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javad Babaie
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Khabiri
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Faculty of Social Sciences, imec-mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
He R, Liu J, Zhang WH, Zhu B, Zhang N, Mao Y. Turnover intention among primary health workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037117. [PMID: 33067275 PMCID: PMC7569945 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the prevalence and determinants of turnover intention (TI) among primary health workers (PHWs) in China to provide evidence for improving retention measures. DESIGN Systemic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Four English-language databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CSPD, CBM) were searched up to October 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible studies were observational or descriptive studies conducted in mainland China. The prevalence of TI among health workers and related factors had to be explicitly reported in each included study. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by one author and reviewed independently by two other authors. For each factor analysed by a meta-analysis, the factor was required to be the same across different studies, and at least three studies had to include it. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. RESULTS We identified 16 cross-sectional studies investigating a total of 37 672 PHWs. The prevalence of TI was 30.4%. Subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence was observed in the community primary healthcare institutions and the eastern provinces of China. Meta-analyses indicated that 21 factors were significantly associated with TI, including demographic factors (gender, age, education, marital status), job characteristic factors (title, work seniority, remuneration, social status, organisational affiliation, work stress) and job satisfaction factors (learning and training opportunity, interpersonal relationship, work condition and environment, and so on). CONCLUSION This study highlights the problem of TI among PHWs in China. Efforts should be made to improve conditions in both work-related areas and areas outside of work. Policymakers should continue to improve reward systems, the construction of infrastructure and promotion systems, and pay more attention to PHWs' lives outside of work and meet their living needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin He
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Social Security, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Influence of Primary Health Care Physicians' Perceived Overqualification on Turnover Intention in China. Qual Manag Health Care 2020; 29:158-163. [PMID: 32590491 DOI: 10.1097/qmh.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging population and increasing prevalence of chronic disease, the number of primary health care physicians in China is inadequate and physicians' turnover intention is too high. OBJECTIVE To analyze the status of primary health care physicians' turnover intention in China and the relationship between physicians' perceived overqualification and their turnover intention. METHODS With multistage stratified sampling, we randomly selected 1456 primary health care physicians as study subjects. Information on personal characteristics, job satisfaction, working pressure, turnover intention, and perceived overqualification was collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS We found that primary health care physicians in China have high turnover intention and perceived overqualification is positively related to turnover intention. CONCLUSION Government and primary health care may address perceived overqualification to reduce physicians' turnover intention.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lennon MJ, McGrail MR, O'Sullivan B, Tan A, Mok C, Suttie JJ, Preddy J. Understanding the professional satisfaction of hospital trainees in Australia. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 54:419-426. [PMID: 31793665 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ensuring that specialty trainees are professionally satisfied is not only important from the point of view of trainee well-being, but is also critical if health systems are to retain doctors. Despite this, little systematic research in specialist trainees has identified policy-amenable factors correlated with professional satisfaction. This study examined factors associated with trainee professional satisfaction in a national Australian cohort. METHODS This study used 2008-2015 data from the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) survey, a national study of doctor demographics, characteristics and professional and personal satisfaction. Our study examined specialist trainees using a repeat cross-sectional method pooling first responses across all waves. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess correlates with professional satisfaction. RESULTS The three factors most strongly correlated with professional satisfaction were feeling well supported and supervised by consultants (odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.42-2.77), having sufficient study time (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.40-1.70) and self-rated health status (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53-1.80). Those working >56 hours per week were significantly less professionally satisfied (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.84) compared with those working the median work hours (45-50 hours per week). Those earning in the lower quintiles, those earlier in their training and those who had studied at overseas universities were also significantly less likely to be satisfied. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that good clinical supervision and support, appropriate working hours and supported study time directly impact trainee satisfaction, potentially affecting the quality of clinical care delivered by trainees. Furthermore, the needs of junior trainees, overseas graduates and those working >56 hours per week should be given particular consideration when developing well-being and training programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lennon
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Health, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew R McGrail
- Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Belinda O'Sullivan
- Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- Monash University School of Rural Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia Tan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Health, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Mok
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Health, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph J Suttie
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Health, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- Wagga Wagga Clinical School, Notre Dame University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Preddy
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Health, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
- Wagga Wagga Clinical School, Notre Dame University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang T, Wei Q, Ma SY, Li HP. The relationship between optimism and job satisfaction for Chinese specialist nurses: A serial-multiple mediation model. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2020; 17:e12334. [PMID: 32157806 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine the relationship between optimism, core self-evaluations, positive coping strategies, and job satisfaction for Chinese specialist nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. Two hundred and seventy-eight Chinese specialist nurses answered the Chinese Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Chinese Revised Life Orientation Test, the Chinese Core Self-Evaluations Scale, and the Chinese Simplified Coping Style Scale. Descriptive analysis, independent-sample T-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analyses, and bootstrap method were conducted to analyze data. RESULTS Total effect (c = 0.860, SE = 0.143, 95% CI 0.579-1.142) of optimism on job satisfaction was significant. The path through single mediation of core self-evaluations (point estimate = 0.165; 95% CI 0.041-0.318), the path through the single mediation of positive coping (point estimate = 0.124; 95% CI 0.042-0.254), and the path through both mediators (point estimate = 0.033; 95% CI 0.005-0.085) were all statistically significant. The total indirect effect was also statistically significant (point estimate = 0.322; 95% CI 0.151-0.535). CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that optimism was first sequentially associated with core self-evaluations and then associated with positive coping strategies, which was in turn related to job satisfaction of Chinese specialist nurses. Clinical nursing administrators should take measures that focus on improving specialist nurse job satisfaction to further improve their retention rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shao-Yong Ma
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gan Y, Jiang H, Li L, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu J, Yang T, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Sampson O, Xu H, Yu F, Chen Y, Herath C, Zhong Y, Liu Q, Yu M, Liu L, Gao C, Lu Z. A national survey of turnover intention among general practitioners in China. Int J Health Plann Manage 2019; 35:482-493. [PMID: 31775176 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on turnover intention among Chinese general practitioners (GPs) at the national level are limited. This study aimed to assess intention to leave and its associated factors among a nationally representative sample of GPs. The participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 3236 GPs in China between October 2017 and February 2018. A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with turnover intention. Over 70.0% GPs had a moderate or high turnover intention. GPs who were male, were younger, had a higher education level, had a lower professional title, had a lower income level, and had a temporal work contract had higher turnover intention. In addition, GPs who worked night shifts, had low job satisfaction, and had few opportunities for professional development reported higher turnover intention. Substantial gender and regional differences in predictors of turnover intention among GPs were observed. The study showed that turnover intention in Chinese GPs is high, and the factors influencing turnover intention were low professional title and income level, high education level, having a temporary work contract, working night shifts, and limited opportunities for professional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liqing Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University. Nanchang, China
| | - Yudi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jianxin Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Department of general practice medicine, Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Opoku Sampson
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of general practice medicine, Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of general practice medicine, Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan, China
| | - Chulani Herath
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka
| | - Yanyan Zhong
- Department of general practice medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minyi Yu
- Department of general practice medicine, Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of general practice medicine, Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center of Wuchang District, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang C, Hu L, Ma J, Wu S, Guo J, Liu Y. Factors determining intention to leave among physicians in tertiary hospitals in China: a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023756. [PMID: 30872540 PMCID: PMC6429748 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reasons that physicians leave the institutions have not been extensively studied. We aimed to evaluate these reasons, which include the desire to work at another hospital or the intention to make a career change, among physicians in tertiary hospitals in China and explore the associations between the individual-level and organizational-level factors related to these two reasons for leaving. METHODS We conducted a national survey of 136 tertiary hospitals across all 31 provinces in China between December 2017 and January 2018. A total of 20 785 physicians were selected to self-report on the two evaluated reasons related to physicians' intent to leave. A univariate analysis and multilevel regression model were applied to evaluate the factors associated with intention to leave. RESULT In all, 10.4% of the participating physicians had thought about working at another hospital, and 20.5% intended to leave to make a career change. At the hospital level, the government subsidy per bed (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.98 and OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.99), personnel funding per capita (OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.96 and OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.88) and the number of physicians per bed (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.86 and OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.92) were negatively associated, while the number of hospital-level medical disputes (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.05 and OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.11) was positively associated with both reasons for leaving. At the individual level, income (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.79 and OR=0.88, 95% CI:0.83 to 0.92) and job satisfaction (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.20 and OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.18) acted as preventive factors against both reasons for leaving, while work hours per week (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.17 and OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.28) and medical dispute (OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.35 to 1.65 and OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.64 to 1.91) acted as promotive factors. CONCLUSIONS Although the intention to leave is not prevalent among physicians in tertiary hospitals in China, providing more organisational support and a better occupational environment may promote retention among physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shichao Wu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gu J, Zhen T, Song Y, Xu L. Job satisfaction of certified primary care physicians in rural Shandong Province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30691474 PMCID: PMC6350299 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-3893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to measure the level of job satisfaction of certified physicians in rural primary health care facilities (PHCFs) in Shandong Province in order to ascertain the key factors affecting their satisfaction and to provide effective information for policy decisions. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among certified physicians in PHCFs in rural Shandong from June to August 2016. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 495 participants (valid response rate: 91.6%). Data were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression. Results The participants consisted of 310 (62.6%) males and 185 (37.4%) females. The overall mean score for job satisfaction among respondents was 3.41 (standard deviation (SD) 0.68), which indicated that certified physicians were partially satisfied with their jobs. Results also indicated that factors for the highest level of satisfaction among certified physicians were the internal environment and job description. Moreover, physicians were more satisfied with competency behaviours and organizational management than with working conditions and job rewards. In contrast, physicians were dissatisfied with the external environment to an extent. Overall job satisfaction decreased with more years of service. Older physicians were less satisfied with their jobs than younger ones. Physicians with a higher level of education or senior professional title were less satisfied with their jobs than those with a lower level of education or junior professional tilte. Organizational management and the external environment were the most important factors influencing job satisfaction. Conclusion Certified physicians working in PHCFs in rural Shandong had a slightly higher level of overall job satisfaciton than usual. After recent healthcare reforms, the job satisfaction of primary health care physicians in Shandong has changed little in comparison to that of physicians in other provinces in China. More attention should be paid to the impacts of these variables (age, educational background, technical title, monthly salary, form of employment, and years of service) on job satisfaction. Numerous recommendations may be considered to enhance organizational management and the external environment. The Government should enhace the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies to ensure that physicians continue to enjoy working in PHCFs. In short, the Government should pay more attention to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of primary care physicians when devising medical reforms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-3893-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Gu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Zhen
- Shandong Institute of Medicine and Health Information, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Shandong Institute of Medicine and Health Information, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu X, Zheng M, Cheng X, Xu B, Tao Z, Ding J, Zhang K, Jin H, Xie B. Job Satisfaction Among Doctors from Jiangsu Province in China. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7162-7169. [PMID: 30293982 PMCID: PMC6190724 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doctors' job satisfaction has an important effect on medical and health services. This study assessed the level of job satisfaction in Chinese doctors and explored how influencing factors differ between general practitioners and specialists. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) on job satisfaction was distributed to 1883 doctors in Jiangsu province, including 850 general practitioners and 1033 specialists. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze doctors' job satisfaction and logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Correlation analysis was done on the 5 dimensions of satisfaction. RESULTS The average MSQ score of all surveyed doctors was 3.11±0.87, with general practitioners (GPs) and specialists scores of 2.81±0.84 and 3.35±0.82, respectively. Analysis of doctor satisfaction indicated that gender, age, marital status, educational attainment, professional title, and seniority were statistically significant (P<0.05). Overall satisfaction was most closely related to the job itself (r=0.96); work, work environment, and interpersonal relationship were closely related with lead management. CONCLUSIONS The level of job satisfaction of Chinese doctors, especially general practitioners, needs to be improved. Measures such as improving education levels, work environment, and relationships should to be taken soon to improve doctors' job satisfaction in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Medical Consortium Office, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiehui Ding
- Medical Consortium Office, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kaijin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xie
- Educational Department, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Although the number of medical workers has increased rapidly, its scarcity in rural areas remains a serious problem in China. This study aimed to investigate medical students' stated preferences when choosing a job, so as to assist policy makers with designing alternative interventions to address the unbalanced distribution of the health workforce in China.A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to elicit the job preferences of final year medical students. Attributes include work location, hospital type, monthly income, bianzhi (which can be loosely regarded as state administrative staffing), work environment, Training and career development opportunity. This study was carried out during April to June 2017 in 4 medical universities in Shandong Province, China. Mixed logit models were used to analyze the relative importance of job attributes.A total of 519 medical students participated in the survey. All 6 attributes were statistically significant with the expected sign and demonstrated the existence of preference heterogeneity. In the main effects mixed logit model, working in the city and a superior working environment were most strongly associated with job preference. A relatively unexpected finding was the relatively lower utility of offering bianzhi in job preferences. Subgroup analysis showed that females and those who have an urban background were significantly willing to pay more for working in the city. The most preferred scenario for medical students was to select a better work environment job in a tertiary hospital in the city, which could offer 9000 CNY monthly, with sufficient training and career development opportunities and bianzhi.Both monetary and nonmonetary intervention could be considered by policy makers to attract medical students to work in rural areas in China. There exists preference heterogeneity on medical students' job preferences, which should also be taken into account in developing more effective policy incentive packages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Liu
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University)
| | - Shunping Li
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University)
| | - Renyong Yang
- Department of Finance, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University)
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|