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Tanaka H, Nusselder WJ, Kobayashi Y, Mackenbach JP. Socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 32 European countries and the United States: an international comparative study. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1161-1172. [PMID: 35538617 PMCID: PMC10642222 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221092285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Japan is known as a country with low self-rated health despite high life expectancy. We compared socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan with those in 32 European countries and the US using nationally representative samples. METHODS We analysed individual data from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (Japan), the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (US) in 2016. We used ordered logistic regression models with four ordinal categories of self-rated health as an outcome, and educational level or occupational class as independent variables, controlling for age. RESULTS In Japan, about half the population perceived their health as 'fair', which was much higher than in Europe (≈20-40%). The odds ratios of lower self-rated health among less educated men compared with more educated were 1.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-1.85) in Japan, and ranged from 1.67 to 4.74 in Europe (pooled; 2.10 (95% CI 2.01-2.20)), and 6.65 (95% CI 6.22-7.12) in the US. The odds ratios of lower self-rated health among less educated women were 1.79 (95% CI 1.65-1.95) in Japan, and ranged from 1.89 to 5.30 in Europe (pooled; 2.43 (95% CI 2.33-2.54)), and 8.82 (95% CI 8.29-9.38) in the US. Socioeconomic inequalities were large when self-rated health was low for European countries, but Japan and the US did not follow the pattern. CONCLUSIONS Japan has similar socioeconomic gradient patterns to European countries for self-rated health, and our findings revealed smaller socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan compared with those in western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wilma J. Nusselder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan P. Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Honda Y, Nakamura M, Aoki T, Ojima T. Multimorbidity patterns and the relation to self-rated health among older Japanese people: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063729. [PMID: 36538382 PMCID: PMC9438194 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Classifying individuals into multimorbidity patterns can be useful to identify the target population with poorer clinical outcomes. Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the core outcomes in multimorbidity patients. Although studies have reported that multimorbidity is associated with poor SRH, whether certain patterns have stronger associations remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity and investigate the association between multimorbidity patterns and SRH in an older Japanese population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were obtained from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, a nationally representative survey of the general Japanese population. PARTICIPANTS This study mainly examined 23 730 participants aged ≥65 years who were not hospitalised or institutionalised. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Poor SRH was defined as choosing 'not very good' or 'bad' from five options: 'excellent', 'fairly good', 'average', 'not very good' and 'bad'. RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity was 40.9% and that of poor SRH was 23.8%. Three multimorbidity patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis: (1) degenerative/mental health, (3) malignant/digestive/urological/haematological and (3) cardiovascular/metabolic. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that high malignant/digestive/urological/haematological, degenerative/mental health and cardiovascular/metabolic pattern scores, corresponding to the number of affected body systems in each pattern, were significantly associated with poor SRH (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.68, 95% CI: 1.60 to 1.76; aRR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.58 to 1.69; and aRR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.36, respectively). When including the Kessler 6 score, a screening scale for psychological distress, in the analysis, the association between each multimorbidity pattern score and poor SRH decreased. CONCLUSIONS Malignant/digestive/urological/haematological and degenerative/mental health patterns may be associated with a high risk for poor SRH. Further research should focus on interventions to improve SRH in multimorbidity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takuya Aoki
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Morita Y, Kandabashi K, Kajiki S, Saito H, Muto G, Tabuchi T. Relationship between occupational injury and gig work experience in Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2022; 60:360-370. [PMID: 35545553 PMCID: PMC9453566 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between occupational injury risk and gig work, which included the exchange of labor for money between individuals or companies via digital platforms. As Japan has experienced a severe economic decline during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an increasing number of individuals have engaged in gig work. While few studies have evaluated occupational risks in gig work, several traffic accidents associated with food delivery gig work have been reported in the mass media. In this study, 18,317 individuals completed an internet survey that collected information pertaining to their involvement in gig work and experience of related occupational injuries; data regarding several confounding factors were also recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that workers involved in gig work had a greater risk of any minor occupational injuries (odds ratio, 3.68; 95% confidence interval, 3.02-4.49) and activity-limiting injuries (odds ratio, 9.11; 95% confidence interval, 7.03-11.8) than those not involved in gig work, after adjusting for age, sex, household income, lifestyle factors, and work-related factors. The results of this study indicate that gig workers are exposed to greater occupational hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the causal mechanism for this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Morita
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
- Japan Society for Occupational Health, The Scientific Committee of Remote Occupational Health, Japan
| | - Koji Kandabashi
- Japan Society for Occupational Health, The Scientific Committee of Remote Occupational Health, Japan
- DB-SeeD Limited Liability Company, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kajiki
- Japan Society for Occupational Health, The Scientific Committee of Remote Occupational Health, Japan
- Advanced Occupational Health Research and Consulting, Inc., Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Japan Society for Occupational Health, The Scientific Committee of Remote Occupational Health, Japan
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | - Go Muto
- Japan Society for Occupational Health, The Scientific Committee of Remote Occupational Health, Japan
- Department of Hygiene, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, and Design Research Institute, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Japan
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Sugisawa H, Harada K, Sugihara Y, Yanagisawa S, Shinmei M. Mediators of Life-Course and Late-Life Financial Strain on Late-Life Health in Japan: Based on a Cross-Sectional Survey. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:883-896. [PMID: 35502154 PMCID: PMC9056103 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s356760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Sugisawa
- International Graduate School for Advanced Studies, J. F. Oberlin University, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Hidehiro Sugisawa, International Graduate School for Advanced Studies, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0294, Japan, Tel/Fax +81(0)02-797-9847, Email
| | - Ken Harada
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jissen Women’s University, Shibuya-ku, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugihara
- Department of Urban Science and Policy, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Japan
| | - Shizuko Yanagisawa
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Japan
| | - Masaya Shinmei
- Faculty of Human Welfare, Den-En Chofu University, Kawasaki Shi, Japan
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Tanaka H, Mackenbach JP, Kobayashi Y. Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 1986-2016. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1811. [PMID: 34625032 PMCID: PMC8501722 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite having very high life expectancy, Japan has relatively poor self-rated health, compared to other high-income countries. We studied trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan using nationally representative data. METHODS The Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions was analyzed, every 3 years (n ≈ 0.6-0.8 million/year) from 1986 to 2016. Whereas previous studies dichotomized self-rated health as an outcome, we used four categories: very good, good, fair, and bad/very bad. Proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models are used, with ordinal scale self-rated health as an outcome, and age category, survey year and occupational class or educational level as independent variables. RESULTS In 2016, the age-adjusted percentages for self-rated health categorized as very good, good, fair, and bad/very bad, were 24.0, 17.1, 48.7, and 10.2% among working-age men, and 21.6, 17.5, 49.4, and 11.5% among working-age women, respectively. With 1986 as the reference year, the odds ratios (ORs) of less good self-rated health were lowest in 1995 (0.69; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.66-0.71 of working-age men), and highest in 2010 (1.23 [95% CI: 1.19-1.27]). The ORs of male, lower non-manual workers (compared to upper non-manual) increased from 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) in 2010 to 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15-1.26) in 2016. Between 2010 and 2016, the ORs of working-age men with middle and low levels of education (compared to a high level of education) increased from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.18-1.27) to 1.34 (95% CI: 1.29-1.38), and from 1.47 (95% CI: 1.39-1.56) to 1.75 (95% CI: 1.63-1.88), respectively. The ORs of working-age women with middle and low levels of education also increased from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.17-1.28) to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.26-1.37), and from 1.74 (95% CI: 1.61-1.88) to 2.03 (95% CI: 1.87-2.21) during the same period. CONCLUSION Japan has the unique feature that approximately 50% of the survey respondents rated their self-rated health as fair, but with important variations over time and between socioeconomic groups. In-depth studies of the role of socioeconomic conditions may shed light on the reasons for the high prevalence of poor self-rated health in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Johan P Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Marcolina A, Vu K, Annaswamy TM. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Potential Management With Prostaglandin E1 Analogs. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:297-302. [PMID: 33065578 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most commonly diagnosed spinal disorders worldwide and remains a major cause for surgery in older adults. Lumbar spinal stenosis is clinically defined as a progressive degenerative disorder with low back pain and associated neurogenic intermittent claudication. Conservative and surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis has been shown to be minimally effective on its symptoms. A treatment option that has not been investigated in the United States is the utilization of prostaglandin E1 analogs, which have been used primarily in Japan for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis since the 1980s. The vasodilatory and antiplatelet aggregation effects of prostaglandin E1 presumably improve symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis by increasing blood flow to the spinal nerve roots. This brief report examines the potential vascular pathology of lumbar spinal stenosis, reviews evidence on the use of prostaglandin E1 analog limaprost in Japan for lumbar spinal stenosis, and briefly discusses misoprostol as a possible alternative in the United States. The studies summarized in this report suggest that prostaglandin E1 analogs may provide benefit as a conservative treatment option for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. However, higher-quality studies conducted in the United States and comparison with other currently used conservative treatments are required before it can be recommended for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Marcolina
- From the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (AM, TMA); UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (KV); and VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (TMA)
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An analysis of predictors for heavy alcohol drinking using nationally representative survey data in Japan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 33593302 PMCID: PMC7885596 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predictors of heavy or moderate alcohol drinking behavior have not been investigated using recent nationally representative survey data in Japan. This study investigated the effects of the predictors of heavy and moderate alcohol drinking in Japan using nationally representative survey data. Methods Anonymous data from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan were used to compare the predictors of heavy and moderate drinkers with those who abstain. Anonymized data that are resampled from all the survey data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare were obtained. Age group, marital status, living arrangements, educational level, household income, smoking status, and employment type were used as the explanatory variables. In addition, the drinking status (i.e., heavy drinker, moderate drinker, or abstainer) was used as the outcome variable. A multinomial logistic regression model was used, and an analysis comparing heavy drinkers and abstainers, as well as moderate drinkers and abstainers, was conducted. Results Moderate drinking was positively associated with high educational level or high household income for men and women, as well as married status for men. In addition, unemployment was found to be negatively associated with heavy drinking for men and women, and an unmarried status was also found to be negatively associated with heavy drinking for men. Moreover, lower educational levels and smoking prevalence were found to be associated with heavy drinking for men and women. Furthermore, living alone for men and working in a large-scale company for women were also found to be predictors of heavy drinking. Conclusions The preventive measures for heavy drinking were suggested to be particularly needed for those with lower educational levels and smokers. A call for attention among men living alone and among female employees in large-scale workplaces is also needed.
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Barker KM, Dunn EC, Richmond TK, Ahmed S, Hawrilenko M, Evans CR. Cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in health research: A systematic review of published empirical studies and recommendations for best practices. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100661. [PMID: 32964097 PMCID: PMC7490849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that health outcomes are influenced by and occur within multiple social and physical contexts, researchers have used multilevel modeling techniques for decades to analyze hierarchical or nested data. Cross-Classified Multilevel Models (CCMM) are a statistical technique proposed in the 1990s that extend standard multilevel modeling and enable the simultaneous analysis of non-nested multilevel data. Though use of CCMM in empirical health studies has become increasingly popular, there has not yet been a review summarizing how CCMM are used in the health literature. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review of empirical health studies using CCMM to: (a) evaluate the extent to which this statistical approach has been adopted; (b) assess the rationale and procedures for using CCMM; and (c) provide concrete recommendations for the future use of CCMM. We identified 118 CCMM papers published in English-language literature between 1994 and 2018. Our results reveal a steady growth in empirical health studies using CCMM to address a wide variety of health outcomes in clustered non-hierarchical data. Health researchers use CCMM primarily for five reasons: (1) to statistically account for non-independence in clustered data structures; out of substantive interest in the variance explained by (2) concurrent contexts, (3) contexts over time, and (4) age-period-cohort effects; and (5) to apply CCMM alongside other techniques within a joint model. We conclude by proposing a set of recommendations for use of CCMM with the aim of improved clarity and standardization of reporting in future research using this statistical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tracy K. Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Matthew Hawrilenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clare R. Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Sousa JLD, Alencar GP, Antunes JLF, Silva ZPD. [Markers of inequality in self-rated health in Brazilian adults according to sex]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00230318. [PMID: 32490914 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00230318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze self-rated health in Brazil's adult population according to markers of health inequality (color or race, region of residence, schooling, per capita household income, and social class), stratified by sex. We studied 59,758 individuals 18 years or older who participated in the 2013 National Health Survey, a population-based household survey. Data collection used face-to-face interviews and key physical measurements. Self-rated health was classified as positive, fair, or negative. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Percentage agreement and kappa values were calculated to compare the results obtained by regression models and the expected values. Prevalence of positive self-rated health in the overall population was 66.2% (70% in men and 62.6% in women). In the adjusted analysis, the odds of worse self-rated health were significantly higher in individuals with lower per capita household income, less schooling, from the lowest social classes, residents of the North and Northeast regions, and those with brown and black color/race. Public policies for health promotion and recovery in these more vulnerable social groups can help reduce the persistent health inequalities in Brazil.
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Lahelma E, Pietiläinen O, Pentala-Nikulainen O, Helakorpi S, Rahkonen O. 36-year trends in educational inequalities in self-rated health among Finnish adults. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100504. [PMID: 31720362 PMCID: PMC6838467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Health inequalities exist across countries and populations, but little is known about their long-term trends and even less about factors shaping the trends. We examined the magnitude of absolute and relative educational inequalities in self-rated health over 36 years among Finnish adults, considering individual covariates and macro-economic fluctuations. Our data were derived from representative annual cross-sectional surveys in 1979-2014 conducted among adult men and women. Participants aged 25-64 were included and nine periods used (n = 8870-14235). Our health outcome was less-than-good self-rated health (SRH) and our socioeconomic indicator was completed years of education as a continuous variable. Educational inequalities in self-rated health were analysed using the relative index of inequality (RII) and the slope index of inequality (SII). Nine time-variant sociodemographic and health-related covariates were included in the analyses. Linear trends suggested stable or slightly curvilinear overall trends in both absolute and relative health equalities over 36 years. Among men, absolute and relative inequalities narrowed immediately after economic recession in Finland in 1993-1994. Among women, inequalities narrowed during financial crisis in 2008-2009. Adjusting for most covariates reduced the magnitude of inequalities throughout the nine periods, but affected little the temporal patterning of health inequalities. Educational inequalities in self-rated health remained during 36 years in Finland. While among men and women health inequalities narrowed during and after recessions, they widened soon back to the pre-recession level. The perseverance of the trends calls for novel and powerful measures to tackle health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, P.O.Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 2B), 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, P.O.Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 2B), 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Helakorpi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, P.O.Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 2B), 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Health, psychological, social and environmental mediators between socio-economic inequalities and participation in exercise among elderly Japanese. AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x1900014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study examined which of the identified health, psychological, social and environmental mediators could most effectively explain the socio-economic status (SES)-based differences in participation in exercise among elderly Japanese. The candidates for mediators were composed based on the socio-ecological model. A representative sample of people 65 years and older living in two areas with different residential SES in Tokyo, Japan produced 739 effective participants. The intensity of exercise was evaluated based on whether the participants exercise for 30 minutes or longer twice a week, or for 20 minutes or longer three times a week. SES was evaluated by education and income. Mediators were assessed through four dimensions: (a) health, (b) psychological status, (c) social relations and (d) environmental context. As a result, SES's indirect effect through the mediators was evaluated using a multiple mediator model. The influence of both education and income on exercise was mediated by self-efficacy for exercise and social support for exercise. Self-efficacy for exercise had the strongest effect, while social support for exercise explained more of the income differences affecting participation in exercise than it did regarding educational differences. Self-efficacy for exercise may have the strongest effect as a mediator, which would explain the differences in participation in exercise among elderly Japanese based on education and income.
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Kim HN, Jang YE, Kim CB, Kim NH. Socioeconomic status and self-reported periodontal symptoms in community-dwelling individuals: data from the Korea Community Health Surveys of 2011 and 2013. Int Dent J 2018; 68:411-419. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Ota A, Yatsuya H, Nishi N, Okuda N, Ohkubo T, Hayakawa T, Kadota A, Okayama A, Miura K. Relationships among Socioeconomic Factors and Self-rated Health in Japanese Adults: NIPPON DATA2010. J Epidemiol 2018; 28 Suppl 3:S66-S72. [PMID: 29503389 PMCID: PMC5825690 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distributions of socioeconomic status (SES) factors have been changing in Japan. We examined the relationships among SES and self-rated health (SRH) in Japanese adults. METHODS We analyzed 1,178 men and 1,555 women. We showed the distribution of SRH by sex and age and examined cross-sectional relationships among educational attainment, marital/living statuses, working status, household income and expenditure, and fine SRH (defined as excellent, very good, or good). We adjusted for age, subjective symptoms, visiting doctors, monthly equivalent household expenditure (EHE), and living in their own house. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of fine SRH was 79% and 73% among men and women, respectively. Among men, graduating from high school (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.19, relative to graduating from elementary or junior high school) and university or junior college (aOR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15-2.62) was associated with fine SRH. Among women, graduating from university or junior college was associated with fine SRH (aOR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.12-2.46). Neither marital/living status nor working status was associated with SRH after adjustments for age in either sex. Among women, high EHE and income were associated with fine SRH (the highest expenditure group: aOR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.22-2.65; the highest income group: aOR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.34-3.46, relative to the corresponding lowest group). These simple relationships were not observed for men. CONCLUSIONS High educational attainment was associated with fine SRH. Relationships among household income, EHE, and fine SRH differed by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehito Hayakawa
- Research Center for Social Studies of Health and Community, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Sugisawa H, Harada K, Sugihara Y, Yanagisawa S, Shinmei M. Socioeconomic status disparities in late-life disability based on age, period, and cohort in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 75:6-15. [PMID: 29161682 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effects of disparities in socioeconomic status (SES) on late-life disabilities have been reported around the world. However, there are only a few studies that have examined age, period, and cohort dependent influences of SES disparities on late-life disabilities. We investigated associations between SES disparities and late-life disability based on the Age-Period-Cohort. We also investigated how macro-economic conditions unique to a period, or a cohort might explain the period or the cohort trends. METHODS Data were obtained from people aged 65 and over that responded to the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, which had been conducted every three years from 1989 to 2013. SES was assessed via household income. Disability was assessed as disabilities in performing Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL). Income disparities were evaluated by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII). Each Age-Period-Cohort dimension was simultaneously controlled using a model for cross-classification of random effects. RESULTS Differences in BADL disabilities due to income disparities decreased with age and reversed after approximately 80 years of age. Income disparities in BADL disability changed across periods, by increasing in periods with a high unemployment rate, which started two to four years before the period. Moreover, results of using SII and RII were nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS Higher mortality in elderly with lower income might be related to a reduction of income disparities in BADL disability in Japan. Furthermore, exposure to harsh economic conditions might contribute to increased disparities in BADL disability a few years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Sugisawa
- J.F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0294, Japan.
| | - Ken Harada
- Jissen Women's University, 1-1-49 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8538, Japan.
| | - Yoko Sugihara
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Shizuko Yanagisawa
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Masaya Shinmei
- J.F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0294, Japan.
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15
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Kanchanachitra C, Tangcharoensathien V. Health inequality across prefectures in Japan. Lancet 2017; 390:1471-1473. [PMID: 28734671 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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