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Harada M, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Yonekura Y, Shimoda H, Ogawa A, Kobayashi S, Sakata K, Nishi N. Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Constipation Among Survivors After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A 9-year Follow-up Study. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:164-169. [PMID: 37635084 PMCID: PMC10918335 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster survivors experience deterioration in lifestyles and an increase in constipation. After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, some survivors were evacuated for a long term, even after moving to temporary housing and public reconstruction housing. However, annual changes in constipation and the association between lifestyles and constipation among the survivors are still unknown. METHODS Overall, 9,234 survivors aged 18 years or older participated in this 9-year follow-up survey after the disaster. Information about the prevalence of constipation and lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and mental health) was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Their dietary intake was categorized into the following two dietary patterns: prudent (fish and shellfish, soybean products, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products) and meat (meat and eggs). Odds ratios for constipation according to lifestyle factors were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS In women, the prevalence of constipation was the highest at baseline (8.7%) and remained around 5% afterward. In both men and women, older age, poor mental health, and poor physical activity were significantly associated with higher odds ratios of constipation. Moreover, a lower frequency of meals and a lower prudent dietary score were significantly associated with women's constipation. CONCLUSION The prevalence of constipation was the highest at baseline and remained around 5% in women. Lifestyle factors, such as poor mental health, physical inactivity, and low frequency of meals were associated with constipation. Our findings suggest continuous support for the survivors with constipation for medium- to long-term after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeka Harada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
- St. Luke's International University
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Sharman A, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, Silva CRDM, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina EV, Skoblina NA, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Solovieva YV, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stang A, Starc G, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Steinsbekk S, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suarez-Ortegón MF, Suebsamran P, Sugiyama M, Suka M, Sulo G, Sun CA, Sun L, Sund M, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Takuro F, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tessema M, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thrift AG, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Tomaszewski M, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Udoji N, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vatasescu R, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Viriyautsahakul N, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Vourli G, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Vuletić S, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang C, Wang H, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Wartha O, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wichstrøm L, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wirth JP, Wojtyniak B, Woldeyohannes M, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan L, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, Yépez García M, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Yotov Y, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zentai A, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmet P, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; 403:1027-1050. [PMID: 38432237 PMCID: PMC7615769 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. INTERPRETATION The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union.
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Nishi N, Kitaoka K, Tran Ngoc Hoang P, Okami Y, Kondo K, Sata M, Kadota A, Nakamura M, Yoshita K, Okamura T, Ojima T, Miura K. Mortality from major causes and lifestyles by proportions of public assistance recipients among 47 prefectures in Japan: Ecological panel data analysis from 1999 to 2016. Prev Med Rep 2024; 39:102635. [PMID: 38348218 PMCID: PMC10859267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Comprehensive investigations of correlations between subnational socioeconomic factors and trends in mortality and lifestyle are important for addressing public health problems. Methods Forty-seven prefectures in Japan were divided into quartiles based on the proportion of public assistance recipients (PPAR). Age-standardized mortality from all causes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke in each prefecture were averaged for these quartiles in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey were obtained for the following periods: 1999-2001, 2003-2005, 2007-2009, 2012, and 2016. Body mass index (BMI), intake of total energy, vegetable and salt, step count, and prevalence of current smoking and drinking for individuals aged 40-69 years age range were standardized for each prefecture and averaged by quartile. A two-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in mortality and lifestyle across different years or periods, and quartiles. Results Mortality rates decreased, with the first (lowest) quartile showing the lowest rates, across all causes, cancer and heart diseases in both sexes. BMI exhibited an increase in men, whereas, BMI in women and other lifestyle factors in both sexes, excluding smoking and drinking in women, exhibited a decrease. BMI, vegetable and salt intake, total energy intake in men, and smoking in women varied across quartiles. Lower quartiles exhibited lower BMI and smoking prevalence but higher energy, vegetables, and salt intake. Conclusions PPAR exhibited favorable trends and significant differences in mortality related to all causes, cancer and heart disease across both sexes, along with BMI among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishi
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Phap Tran Ngoc Hoang
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okami
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Yamaguchi M, Araki M, Hamada K, Nojiri T, Nishi N. Development of a Machine Learning Model for Classifying Cooking Recipes According to Dietary Styles. Foods 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38472780 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To complement classical methods for identifying Japanese, Chinese, and Western dietary styles, this study aimed to develop a machine learning model. This study utilized 604 features from 8183 cooking recipes based on a Japanese recipe site. The data were randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets for each dietary style at a 60:20:20 ratio. Six machine learning models were developed in this study to effectively classify cooking recipes according to dietary styles. The evaluation indicators were above 0.8 for all models in each dietary style. The top ten features were extracted from each model, and the features common to three or more models were employed as the best predictive features. Five well-predicted features were indicated for the following seasonings: soy sauce, miso (fermented soy beans), and mirin (sweet cooking rice wine) in the Japanese diet; oyster sauce and doubanjiang (chili bean sauce) in the Chinese diet; and olive oil in the Western diet. Predictions by broth were indicated in each diet, such as dashi in the Japanese diet, chicken soup in the Chinese diet, and consommé in the Western diet. The prediction model suggested that seasonings and broths could be used to predict dietary styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
| | - Michihiro Araki
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Ikeda N, Nishi N. Spatiotemporal variations in mean height of 17-year-old students born in 1957-2002 across 47 Japanese prefectures: Evidence from School Health Surveys. Econ Hum Biol 2023; 51:101283. [PMID: 37531912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the secular trends and variations in mean height of 17-year-old students born in 1957-2002 across 47 prefectures in Japan. Mean height is consistently lower in southwest prefectures and greater in prefectures in the Greater Tokyo Area and from the south-central area to the north-western area facing Eurasia in the main island. Both the range and the coefficient of variation stay constant in the cohorts born during the 1970s or later, following rapid increases of mean height in the prefectures that initially have the lowest means. A comprehensive policy framework may be needed to address diverse factors affecting the physical growth of adolescents at the subnational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- International Centre for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Centre for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikeda N, Yamashita H, Hattori J, Kato H, Nishi N. Economic effects of dietary salt reduction policies for cardiovascular disease prevention in Japan: a simulation study of hypothetical scenarios. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227303. [PMID: 38024379 PMCID: PMC10665469 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Reducing dietary salt intake is an essential population strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but evidence on healthcare costs and outcomes is limited in Japan. We aimed to conduct a pilot economic evaluation under hypothetical scenarios of applying the salt reduction policies of England to Japan. Methods We examined salt reduction policies in England: media health promotion campaigns, front-of-pack labeling, and voluntary and mandatory reformulation with best-case and worst-case policy cost scenarios. We assumed that these policies were conducted in Japan for 10 years from 2019. We used published data on epidemiology and healthcare expenditures in Japan and the costs and effects of salt reduction policies in England, and defined the benefits as a decrease in national medical expenditures on CVD. We developed a Markov cohort simulation model of the Japanese population. To estimate the annual net benefits of each policy over 10 years, we subtracted monitoring and policy costs from the benefits. We adopted a health sector perspective and a 2% discount rate. Results The cumulative net benefit over 10 years was largest for mandatory reformulation (best case) at 2,015.1 million USD (with costs of USD 48.3 million and benefits of USD 2063.5 million), followed by voluntary reformulation (net benefit: USD 1,895.1 million, cost: USD 48.1 million, benefit: USD 1,943.2 million), mandatory reformulation (worst case, net benefit: USD 1,447.9 million, cost: USD 1,174.5 million, benefit: USD 2,622.3 million), labeling (net benefit: USD 159.5 million, cost: USD 91.6 million, benefit: USD 251.0 million), and a media campaign (net benefit: USD 140.5 million, cost: USD 110.5 million, benefit: USD 251.0 million). There was no change in the superiority or inferiority of policies when the uncertainty of model parameters was considered. Conclusion Mandatory reformulation with the best-case cost scenario might be economically preferable to the other alternatives in Japan. In future research, domestic data on costs and effects of salt reduction policies should be incorporated for model refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hattori
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Healthcare Information Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nishi N, Kitaoka K, Tran Ngoc Hoang P, Okami Y, Kondo K, Sata M, Kadota A, Nakamura M, Yoshita K, Okamura T, Ojima T, Miura K. Trends in mortality from major causes and lifestyle factors by per capita prefectural income: Ecological panel data analysis from 1995 to 2016 in Japan. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102348. [PMID: 37576843 PMCID: PMC10415755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, trends in mortality and lifestyle have not been fully investigated according to subnational socioeconomic factors. Forty-seven prefectures (subnational units) were divided into quartiles by annual per capita prefectural income. Age-standardized mortality from all causes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke was averaged by quartile in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey were obtained for periods 1 (1995-1997), 2 (1999-2001), 3 (2003-2005), 4 (2007-2009), 5 (2012), and 6 (2016). Body mass index (BMI), the intake of vegetables and salt, the number of steps, and the prevalence of current smoking and drinking for the 40-69-year age range were standardized by 10-year age groups in the 2010 Japanese population and were averaged by quartile. Differences in mortality and lifestyle by year and period, and quartile were tested using a two-way analysis of variance. Mortality decreased in both sexes and mortality in men from all causes, cancer, and stroke differed by quartile, with mortality highest in the first (lowest) quartile. BMI in men and smoking prevalence in women increased, whereas remaining lifestyle factors except for the prevalence of drinking decreased in women. BMI and the number of steps in both sexes and current smoking prevalence in women differed by quartile, with lower quartiles showing a higher BMI and fewer step counts. In conclusion, favorable trends and significant differences in mortality from all causes, cancer, and stroke in men and BMI in women were observed by per capita prefectural income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishi
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Phap Tran Ngoc Hoang
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okami
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Nishi N, Takimoto H. Current Findings from the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:2213. [PMID: 37432346 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Special Issue, six articles using the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) were published [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishi
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
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Nomura M, Yamaguchi M, Inada Y, Nishi N. Current dietary intake of the Japanese population in reference to the planetary health diet-preliminary assessment. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1116105. [PMID: 37077901 PMCID: PMC10106588 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We sought to assess the Japanese diet by examining the current dietary intake in Japan using the global reference diet from the EAT-Lancet Commission (Planetary Health Diet; PHD), from the perspective of protein intake in different age groups. Methods Average dietary intake by food group in the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey 2019 (NHNS 2019) was converted to the PHD food groups, and the diet gap (DG) (%) of the global reference of the PHD was calculated by age group. Results Although the DG of the intake was excessive compared with the global reference of the PHD in most food groups in all age groups (7.1-416%), the intake exceeded the upper limit of the range only for red meat (640%). Red meat had the highest DG among subjects in their 40s, although the DG decreased with increasing age. Protein intake was within the possible range and did not greatly exceed the recommended dietary intake in the Japanese standard. Discussion The current Japanese diet contains an excessive intake of red meat in terms of the global reference of the PHD. This trend is similar to that previously reported in various western regions and countries. However, the Japanese diet does not significantly exceed the recommended protein intake for Japanese people, suggesting that the PHD is an environmentally friendly and healthy choice for younger and older age groups in an aging Japanese society. Policy makers need to develop sustainable and healthy food-based dietary guidelines in addition to providing food and nutrition education and developing a food environment that encourages sustainable and healthy choices to support dietary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Nomura
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Human Development Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Inada
- The African Union Development Agency, New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Midland, South Africa
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Delgermaa D, Yamaguchi M, Nomura M, Nishi N. Assessment of Mongolian dietary intake for planetary and human health. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001229. [PMID: 36962970 PMCID: PMC10021422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy diets that consider environmental pressures are required to meet sustainable development goals in Mongolia. This study aimed to clarify the extent of planetary and human health on Mongolian dietary intake. METHODS The intake of eight food groups (g/day) was investigated using the national database of the Household socio-economic survey (HSES) 2019 in Mongolia. The boundary intake of the Planetary health diet (PHD) proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission was considered 100% adequate. The adequacy (%) of food groups in the HSES were calculated in two areas (urban and rural), during the two seasons (cold and warm), and the total by each boundary of the PHD. The differences between the recommended dietary intake (RDI) in Mongolia and the PHD were also investigated in the same manner. RESULTS The adequacy of red meat (i.e., beef, mutton, and horsemeat) in whole areas of Mongolia indicated more than 17 times higher intake (1,738%) than the PHD. The adequacy of vegetables (20%) and fruits (8%) in Mongolia indicated an intake shortage compared to the PHD. These discrepancies in dietary adequacy were greater in rural areas and during the cold seasons than in urban areas and during the warm seasons, respectively. The animal-based protein sources, especially red meat (1,091%), in the RDI of Mongolia were higher than those in the PHD. CONCLUSION This study found a highly excessive intake of red meat and a low intake of vegetables and fruits compared with the PHD among Mongolian people, especially in rural areas and during the cold seasons. The limited diversity of food in severe geographic conditions, poor accessibility of food retailers, and insufficient nutrition education may have led to these results. Therefore, improvements in the food environment and nutritional education are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Delgermaa
- Department of Public Health Policy Implementation Coordination, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marika Nomura
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Development Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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A, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito AI, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Roa RG, Robinson L, Robitaille C, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Rohner F, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rouzier V, Roy JGR, Ruano MH, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Moreno ER, Rusakova IA, Jonsson KR, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Saamel M, Sabanayagam C, Sabbaghi H, Sacchini E, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Saleva C, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Samoutian M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Rodríguez IS, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina LS, Santacruz E, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos O, Santos R, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schneider A, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schulze MB, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera G, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševčíková Ľ, Shalnova S, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, de Moura Silva CR, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina NA, Skodje G, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Jérome CS, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun CA, Sun L, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thuesen BH, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao YH, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojciech R, Wojtyniak B, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, García MY, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ezzati M. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development. Nature 2023; 615:874-883. [PMID: 36991188 PMCID: PMC10060164 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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Abe M, Arima H, Satoh A, Okuda N, Taniguchi H, Nishi N, Higashiyama A, Suzuki H, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Ueshima H, Miura K, Okayama A. Marital status, household size, and lifestyle changes during the first COVID-19 pandemic: NIPPON DATA2010. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283430. [PMID: 36972241 PMCID: PMC10042380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stay-at-home strategies taken during the COVID-19 pandemic changed our lifestyle drastically. Although marital status and household size are important social determinants of health that affect lifestyle, their impacts on lifestyle during the pandemic are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between marital status, household size, and lifestyle changes during the first pandemic in Japan. Questionnaire surveys on lifestyle changes from before to during the first COVID-19 pandemic were conducted on October 2020 in Japan. Classified into age groups, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the combined association of marital status and household size on lifestyle, adjusted for potential confounders including socioeconomic factors. In our prospective cohort study, 1928 participants were included. Among older participants, the singles living alone were likely to perceive more unhealthy lifestyle changes (45.8%), compared with the married (33.2%), and significantly associated with at least one unhealthy change [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1,18-2.78], mainly due to decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, the younger participants showed no significant association between marital status, household size, and unhealthy changes, while those living alone had 2.87 times higher odds of weight gain (≥ 3 kg) than the married (adjusted OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 0.96-8.54) during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that older singles living alone are potentially vulnerable subgroups to drastic social changes which warrant special attention to prevent adverse health outcomes and additional burden on health systems in the following future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Higashiyama
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Harumitsu Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
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Mavragani A, Yamaguchi M, Nishi N, Araki M, Wee LH. Predicting Overweight and Obesity Status Among Malaysian Working Adults With Machine Learning or Logistic Regression: Retrospective Comparison Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40404. [PMID: 36476813 PMCID: PMC9773027 DOI: 10.2196/40404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight or obesity is a primary health concern that leads to a significant burden of noncommunicable disease and threatens national productivity and economic growth. Given the complexity of the etiology of overweight or obesity, machine learning (ML) algorithms offer a promising alternative approach in disentangling interdependent factors for predicting overweight or obesity status. OBJECTIVE This study examined the performance of 3 ML algorithms in comparison with logistic regression (LR) to predict overweight or obesity status among working adults in Malaysia. METHODS Using data from 16,860 participants (mean age 34.2, SD 9.0 years; n=6904, 41% male; n=7048, 41.8% with overweight or obesity) in the Malaysia's Healthiest Workplace by AIA Vitality 2019 survey, predictor variables, including sociodemographic characteristics, job characteristics, health and weight perceptions, and lifestyle-related factors, were modeled using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, as well as LR, to predict overweight or obesity status based on a BMI cutoff of 25 kg/m2. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.82), 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81), 0.80 (95% CI 0.78-0.81), and 0.78 (95% CI 0.77-0.80) for the XGBoost, RF, SVM, and LR models, respectively. Weight satisfaction was the top predictor, and ethnicity, age, and gender were also consistent predictor variables of overweight or obesity status in all models. CONCLUSIONS Based on multi-domain online workplace survey data, this study produced predictive models that identified overweight or obesity status with moderate to high accuracy. The performance of both ML-based and logistic regression models were comparable when predicting obesity among working adults in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Araki
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Hum Wee
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nakagata T, Yoshida T, Watanabe D, Arishima-Hashii Y, Yamada Y, Sawada N, Shimada H, Nishi N, Miyachi M. Weight over-reporting is associated with low muscle mass among community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 40 years and older: a cross sectional study. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:19. [PMID: 35513887 PMCID: PMC9069821 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Weight misperception adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQol); however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between weight misperception and muscle mass. This study aimed to examine the relationship of weight misperception with low muscle mass using skeletal muscle index (SMI) estimated by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) among community-dwelling Japanese.
Methods
Participants were 525 Japanese individuals aged 40–91 years old (male 89, female 436). Misperception was calculated by subtracting measured value from self-reported weight, presented as a percentage and categorized into tertiles based on sex (under-reporters, acceptable reporters, and over-reporters). Appendicular lean mass was estimated using MF-BIA, and low muscle mass was defined using SMI values of 7.0 and 5.7 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively, based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. We evaluated the association between prevalence of low muscle mass and weight misperception (under-reporters and over-reporters) using multivariate logistic regression including covariate.
Results
In total, 9.3% (49/525) of participants had low muscle mass. After adjusting for covariates, prevalence of low muscle mass was higher among over-reporters than acceptable-reporters (odds ratio [OR]; 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.03–5.44). Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed on females, which confirmed that the prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in over-reporters than in acceptable-reporters (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.18–9.12).
Conclusion
Weight misperception was significantly correlated with low muscle mass, especially in over-reporters.
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Taniguchi H, Okuda N, Arima H, Satoh A, Abe M, Nishi N, Higashiyama A, Suzuki H, Ohkubo T, Kadota A, Miura K, Ueshima H, Okayama A. Body weight and lifestyle changes under the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study from NIPPON DATA2010. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063213. [PMID: 36450420 PMCID: PMC9716411 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people's lifestyles such as causing body weight changes. This study examined associations among lifestyle changes and body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Japanese population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING A nationwide survey of the general Japanese population. PARTICIPANTS Total participants were 2244 men and women, of which 911 young/middle-aged (30-69 years old) and 899 older adults (70 years and older) were analysed separately. OUTCOME Changes in lifestyle (physical activity, dietary habits and alcohol intake) and body weight during the first wave of COVID-19 in spring 2020. RESULTS Under the COVID-19 pandemic, 24.1% and 10.1% of Japanese respondents reported weight gain and reduction, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted stepwise logistic regression analyses revealed that the young/middle-aged respondents in the group increased body weight, weight gain was significantly associated with decrease in physical activity (OR 4.01, 95% CI 2.83 to 5.69) and both increase (OR 5.82, 95% CI 3.85 to 8.80) and decrease (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.93) in eating between meals. In the group that decreased body weight, body weight reduction was significantly associated with increase in physical activity (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.94 to 6.90), decrease in eating between meals (OR 5.97, 95% CI 3.11 to 11.48) and both increase and decrease in alcohol intake in the young/middle age. For the older adults, body weight gain was higher in women than in men, and significantly associated with higher quartile of regional COVID-19 infection, decrease in physical activity (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.98 to 4.49), increase in home-cooked meals and increase in eating between meals (OR 4.22, 95% CI 2.55 to 6.99). On the other hand, body weight reduction was significantly associated with decreases in physical activity (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.62 to 4.27), home-cooked meals and eating between meals (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.61) in the older adults. CONCLUSION Changes in physical activity and eating between meals were associated with body weight change under the COVID-19 pandemic among Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Higashiyama
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Harumitsu Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Sugiyama T, Ikeda N, Minowa K, Nishi N. Estimation of the Effect of Salt-Intake Reduction on Cardiovascular Mortality Decline between 1950 and 2017 in Japan: A Retrospective Simulation Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183747. [PMID: 36145122 PMCID: PMC9506165 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, a decrease in cardiovascular mortality has coincided with reduced population salt intake since the 1950s. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of reduced population salt intake on the long-term trends of cardiovascular mortality. Using government statistics and epidemiological study results in people of 20–69 years old from 1950 to 2017, including the National Health and Nutrition Survey, we developed a system dynamics model of age-specific cardiovascular mortality and salt intake. We estimated the period and cohort effects on mortality and calibrated the model for the historical mortality rate. We then simulated the counterfactual scenario of no decrease in salt intake to estimate the reduction in cardiovascular deaths associated with decreased mean salt intake. Compared with the base run and calibrated to the actual data, approximately 298,000 and 118,000 excess deaths were observed in men and women, respectively, assuming no change in salt intake over the entire period. The model suggests that the decline in salt intake since the 1950s has contributed to a non-negligible reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kazuko Minowa
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Ikeda N, Yamashita H, Hattori J, Kato H, Yoshita K, Nishi N. Reduction of Cardiovascular Events and Related Healthcare Expenditures through Achieving Population-Level Targets of Dietary Salt Intake in Japan: A Simulation Model Based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173606. [PMID: 36079865 PMCID: PMC9460310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing population dietary salt intake is expected to help prevent cardiovascular disease and thus constrain increasing national healthcare expenditures in Japan’s super-aged society. We aimed to estimate the impact of achieving global and national salt-reduction targets (8, <6, and <5 grams/day) on cardiovascular events and national healthcare spending in Japan. Using published data including mean salt intake and systolic blood pressure from the 2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey, we developed a Markov model of a closed cohort of adults aged 40−79 years in 2019 (n = 66,955,000) transitioning among six health states based on the disease course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. If mean salt intake were to remain at 2019 levels over 10 years, cumulative incident cases in the cohort would be approximately 2.0 million for IHD and 2.6 million for stroke, costing USD 61.6 billion for IHD and USD 104.6 billion for stroke. Compared with the status quo, reducing mean salt intake towards the targets over 10 years would avert 1−3% of IHD and stroke events and save up to 2% of related national healthcare costs. Attaining dietary salt-reduction goals among adults would yield moderate health economic benefits in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Jun Hattori
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Healthcare Information Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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18
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Yamaguchi M, Nishi N, Yamaguchi Y, Kumagai H. IUNS Workshop on Capacity and Leadership Development in Nutritional Sciences Held Online. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:240-242. [PMID: 35768256 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | - Hitomi Kumagai
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University.,IUNS Committee of the Science Council of Japan
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19
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Miyagawa N, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Nishi N, Shimoda H, Sakata K, Ogawa A, Kobayashi S. Seven-year incidence of new-onset hypertension by frequency of dairy intake among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1459-1467. [PMID: 35595984 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of natural disasters are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Behavioral risk factors, including modifiable diet, need to be identified. Thus far, the association between dairy intake and new-onset hypertension among these survivors is unknown. Therefore, we investigated this relationship. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 4475 survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 who participated in a 7-year follow-up survey. New-onset hypertension was assessed using annual health checkup data. Information on the frequency of dairy intake was obtained using a self-report questionnaire. The hazard ratio for developing hypertension according to the frequency of dairy intake was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The total number of person-years observed was 20,042, with a median follow-up of 5.4 years. During the observation period, 1554 individuals developed hypertension. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of new-onset hypertension were significantly lower in those who consumed dairy products once per day (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.94) and twice or more times per day (0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.99) than in nonconsumers; the inverse linear trend was marginally significant (P = 0.083). This association was not affected by lipid metabolism and was consistent across subgroups by sex, age, behavioral factors, cardiometabolic factors, and housing type due to the disaster. A higher frequency of dairy intake was associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension in community-dwelling survivors of earthquakes and tsunamis. Dietary guidance involving dairy intake could reduce the risk of developing hypertension among these survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
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20
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Ikeda N, Nakaya T, Bennett J, Ezzati M, Nishi N. Trends and Disparities in Adult Body Mass Index Across the 47 Prefectures of Japan, 1975-2018: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis of National Household Surveys. Front Public Health 2022; 10:830578. [PMID: 35669745 PMCID: PMC9163402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.830578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among high-income countries, Japan has a low prevalence of obesity, but little is understood about subnational trends and variations in body mass index (BMI), largely owing to the lack of data from representative samples of prefectures. We aimed to examine long-term trends and distributions of adult BMI at the prefecture level in Japan from the late 1970s using a spatiotemporal model. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data for 233,988 men and 261,086 women aged 20-79 years from the 44 annual National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHNS) conducted during 1975-2018. We applied a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to estimate the annual time series of age-standardized and age-specific mean BMI by 20-year age group and sex for each of the 47 prefectures. We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in BMI across prefectures using the concentration index, according to population density. Results In men, the age-standardized prefectural mean BMI ranged from 21.7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval, 21.6-21.9) to 23.1 kg/m2 (22.9-23.4) in 1975 and from 23.5 kg/m2 (23.3-23.7) to 24.8 kg/m2 (24.6-25.1) in 2018. In women, the age-standardized prefectural mean BMI ranged from 22.0 kg/m2 (21.9-22.2) to 23.4 kg/m2 (23.2-23.6) in 1975 and from 21.7 kg/m2 (21.6-22.0) to 23.5 kg/m2 (23.2-23.8) in 2018. Mean BMI was highest in the southernmost prefecture for most of the study period, followed by northeast prefectures. The increase in mean BMI was largest in southwest prefectures, which caught up with northeast prefectures over time. The concentration index was negative, indicating higher BMI in less-populated prefectures. Absolute values of the concentration index were greater in women than in men and increased over time. Conclusions There were variations in adult mean BMI across prefectures, and geographic distributions changed over time. Further national and local efforts are needed to address the rising trend in mean BMI, particularly among men in rural prefectures, and socioeconomic inequalities among women. Bayesian hierarchical modeling is useful for reconstructing long-term spatiotemporal trends of mean BMI by integrating small-sized survey samples at the prefecture level in the NHNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- Section of Population Health Metrics, International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Nayu Ikeda
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - James Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Yamaguchi M, Praditsorn P, Purnamasari SD, Sranacharoenpong K, Arai Y, Sundermeir SM, Gittelsohn J, Hadi H, Nishi N. Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Food Environments and Dietary Habits: A Systematic Review of Methods and Associations. Nutrients 2022; 14:1788. [PMID: 35565756 PMCID: PMC9099956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to healthy food is a necessity for all people. However, there is still a lack of reviews on the assessment of respondent-based measures of neighborhood food environments (perceived food environments). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the measurement tools for perceived food environments by five dimensions of food access and to obtain the overview of their associations with dietary habits among people aged 18 years and older in middle- and high-income countries. Observational studies using perceived food environment measures were identified through a systematic review based on two databases for original studies published from 2010 to 2020. A total of 19 final studies were extracted from totally 2926 studies. Pertaining to the five dimensions of food access, 12 studies dealt with accessibility, 13 with availability, 6 with affordability, 10 with acceptability, 2 with accommodation, and 8 with a combination of two or more dimensions. Perceived healthy food environments were positively associated with healthy dietary habits in 17 studies, but 8 of them indicated statistically insignificant associations. In conclusion, this review found accessibility and availability to be major dimensions of perceived food environments. The relationship between healthy food environments and healthy diets is presumably positive and weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan;
| | - Panrawee Praditsorn
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Sintha Dewi Purnamasari
- Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, University of Alma Ata, Jl. Brawijaya 99, Tamantirto, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia; (S.D.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Kitti Sranacharoenpong
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 2-10-1 Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi 261-0014, Japan;
| | - Samantha M. Sundermeir
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Hamam Hadi
- Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, University of Alma Ata, Jl. Brawijaya 99, Tamantirto, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia; (S.D.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan;
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22
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Sata M, Okamura T, Nishi N, Kadota A, Nakamura M, Kondo K, Okami Y, Kitaoka K, Ojima T, Yoshita K, Miura K. Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension According to 40-Year-Old Life Expectancy at Prefectures in Japan from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061219. [PMID: 35334876 PMCID: PMC8950354 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension has been decreasing in Japan due to improved medical treatment and a decrease in dietary salt intake. However, disparities in the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension are expected to occur in different regions. This study aimed to investigate the trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension at the prefectural level of life expectancy among Japanese population. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and analysed the individual survey information of individuals aged 40–69 years by dividing it into six terms, i.e., 1995–1997, 1999–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2009, 2012, and 2016. Prefectures were classified into four groups according to their 40-year-old life expectancy in 2000. Outcome values were standardised to the population by 10-year age groups in 2010, and they were tested by two-way analysis of variance according to six terms and life expectancies. The prevalence of hypertension tended to decrease, especially among women, whereas the treatment and control tended to improve from the first to the sixth period in both men and women. The prevalence and treatment of hypertension in men with longer life expectancy tended to be lower than that in other groups, and there was no obvious difference in the control. In women, there were no obvious differences in the prevalence, treatment, or control. Reducing the prevalence of hypertension by improving lifestyle factors, such as high salt intake in each prefecture with a relatively short life expectancy, may be important to resolve the disparity in life expectancy among prefectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3758
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku 162-8636, Japan;
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2192, Japan; (A.K.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 431-3192, Japan; (M.N.); (T.O.)
| | - Keiko Kondo
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2192, Japan; (A.K.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Yukiko Okami
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2192, Japan; (A.K.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2192, Japan; (A.K.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 431-3192, Japan; (M.N.); (T.O.)
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Japan;
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi 520-2192, Japan; (A.K.); (K.K.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
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23
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Ikeda N, Nakaya T, Bennett J, Ezzati M, Nishi N. 1249Trends and disparities in adult body mass index across 47 prefectures in Japan, 1975–2018. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Consistent and comparable health information across prefectures is necessary for monitoring progress in improving population health and reducing geographic health disparities in Japan. We aimed to examine long-term trends and variations in adult body mass index (BMI) by prefecture.
Methods
We obtained a total sample of 233,988 males and 261,086 females aged 20–79 years with anthropometric measurements from National Health and Nutrition Surveys conducted annually during 1975–2018. We applied a spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the annual time series of prefectural mean BMI by 20-year age group and sex.
Results
Prefectural mean BMI consistently increased in males regardless of age but decreased in younger females. It increased in older females until starting to decrease in the early 2000s. Mean BMI was noticeably higher in Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture, than in other prefectures from 1975 in males and from the 1990s in females. The interquartile range of mean BMI across prefectures was consistently higher in females than in males. It decreased over time to plateau during the 2000s in both sexes.
Conclusions
Mean BMI increased in males across prefectures and there is a need for stimulating a further reduction in geographic disparities particularly for females. Okinawa once ranked first in longevity but has shown relatively poor performance in recent years, which may be partly attributable to the distinctive trends in adult BMI.
Key messages
Bayesian hierarchical modelling is useful for reconstructing long-term spatio-temporal trends of mean BMI by integrating small-size survey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes Of Biomedical Innovation, Health And Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - James Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes Of Biomedical Innovation, Health And Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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Nishi N, Kato H, Ikeda N. 1333Economic impact of salt-reduction policies in Japan, 2019–2028: a Markov model simulation analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The economic impact of nutritional policies has been rarely evaluated in Japan. We aimed to assess costs and benefits of salt-reduction policies for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Methods
We conducted a cost-benefit analysis using a Markov cohort simulation model over the period 2019 to 2028. We compared two salt-reduction policies—a national media campaign to promote healthy eating and physical activity (Policy A), and voluntary reformulation by the food industry to reduce salt added in processed food (Policy B). We used epidemiological data in Japan from national surveys and a global database, and estimates from previous meta-analyses on the changes in cardiovascular incidence and mortality associated with salt reduction. We applied a costing method in a previous study in England. We estimated benefits as a decrease in medical costs associated with cardiovascular diseases and costs as the sum of monitoring costs, policy costs, and subsidies.
Results
The estimated net benefits were 66.6 billion yen for Policy A and 353.5 billion yen for Policy B, and the latter was dominant. However, Policy A became dominant when the annual subsidy for Policy B exceeded 43.7 billion yen.
Conclusions
We employed a Markov cohort simulation by partially applying Japanese data to evaluate salt-reduction policies. In future research, it is necessary to collect data on salt reduction estimates and policy costs in Japan.
Key messages
As salt-reduction policies, voluntary food reformulation will be more beneficial than the media campaign as far as the annual subsidy does not exceed one-eighth of the benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health And Nutrition, Shinjuku, Japan
| | | | - Nayu Ikeda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health And Nutrition, Shinjuku, Japan
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Sumimoto Y, Yanagita M, Miyamatsu N, Okuda N, Nishi N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Miyagawa N, Miyachi M, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Association between socioeconomic status and physical inactivity in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254706. [PMID: 34265008 PMCID: PMC8282078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to inactivity lifestyle; however, the association between SES and physical inactivity has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. METHODS The study population is the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2,609 adults. Physical activity was assessed by physical activity index (PAI) calculated from activity intensity and time. The lowest tertile of PAI for each 10-year age class and sex was defined as physical inactivity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES (employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE)) with physical inactivity. RESULTS In the distribution of PAI by age classes and sex, the highest median PAI was aged 30-39 years among men (median 38.6), aged 40-49 years among women (38.0), and median PAI was decreased with increasing age. Multivariable-adjusted model shows that not working was significantly associated with physical inactivity after adjustment for age in all age groups and sexes. Not living with spouse for adult women and elderly men was significantly associated with physical inactivity compared to those who living with spouse. However, neither educational attainment nor EHE had any significant associations with physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS The result indicated that physical inactivity was associated with SES in a general Japanese population. SES of individuals need to be considered in order to prevent inactivity lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sumimoto
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yanagita
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Kato H, Ikeda N, Sugiyama T, Nomura M, Yoshita K, Nishi N. [Use of simulation models in health economic evaluation studies of dietary salt-reduction policies for cardiovascular disease prevention]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2021; 68:631-643. [PMID: 34261839 DOI: 10.11236/jph.20-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Social security costs related to the healthcare and long-term care of patients with cardiovascular diseases is a national burden that is expected to grow as Japan's population ages. Nutritional policies for improving the nation's diet could prevent cardiovascular diseases, but scientific evidence on their costs and outcomes is limited. This study gives an overview of health economic evaluation studies on population-wide dietary salt-reduction policies that have been instituted for the purposes of cardiovascular disease prevention. Thus, this study provides background information for the development of evaluation methods that can be utilized in Japan for analyzing the effects of nutritional policies on public health and social security cost containment.Methods We extracted representative health economic simulation models that are used for predicting the effects of cardiovascular disease-related interventions: Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, IMPACT Coronary Heart Disease Policy and Prevention Model, US IMPACT Food Policy Model, Assessing Cost-Effectiveness (ACE) approach to priority-setting, and Prevention Impacts Simulation Model (PRISM). Next, we collected original articles on studies that used these models for assessing the costs and effects of national population-wide dietary salt-reduction policies. We then outlined the background, structure, and applied studies associated with each model.Results The five models utilized Markov cohort simulation, microsimulation, proportional multistate life tables, and system dynamics to predict the effect of dietary salt-reduction policies on blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular disease prevention. The models were applied to countries such as Australia, England, and the United States to simulate long-term (10 years to lifetime) costs and effects. These applied studies examined policies that included health promotion campaigns, sodium labels on the front of food packages, and mandatory or voluntary reformulation by the food industry to reduce the salt content of processed foods.Conclusion Health economic simulation modeling is actively being used to evaluate scientific evidence on the costs and outcomes of national dietary salt-reduction policies. Similarly, leveraging simulation modeling techniques could facilitate the evaluation and planning of dietary salt-reduction policies and other nutritional policies in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.,Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.,Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.,Health Services Research & Development Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Marika Nomura
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Department of Human Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Graduate School of Human Life Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Yoshida T, Watanabe D, Nakagata T, Yamada Y, Kurotani K, Sawada N, Tanaka K, Okabayashi M, Shimada H, Takimoto H, Nishi N, Miyachi M, Abe K. [Prevalence of frailty and its related factors in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults in Settsu and Hannan cities in Osaka prefecture]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2021; 68:525-537. [PMID: 33994488 DOI: 10.11236/jph.20-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults in Settsu and Hannan cities, which are located in the north and south of Osaka prefecture, respectively.Methods We conducted a mailed, self-administered, questionnaire survey of individuals aged 40 years and older in Settsu city in 2019 and Hannan city in 2020. There are 10 primary school districts in Settsu city and 8 districts in Hannan city, from each of which 1,000 people were selected according to the age and sex structures of the districts. We included 5,134 individuals from Settsu city and 3,939 individuals from Hannan city. We defined frailty using self-reported questionnaires, the Kihon Checklist (KCL), and Simple Frailty Index (SFI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each city to examine the association of frailty with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), family structure, subjective health, economic status, subjective physical fitness, sleeping status, smoking history, alcohol use, meal frequency and awareness of the word "frailty."Results The average age (standard deviation) of participants was 62.7 (12.5) years in Settsu city and 63.4 (12.2) years in Hannan city. The prevalence of frailty by KCL was 18.7% and 17.9% for participants in their 40s, 18.2% and 14.6% for those in their 50s, 17.0% and 15.7% for those in their 60s, 25.4% and 20.8% for those in their 70s, 39.7% and 36.1% for those 80 years and older from Settsu and Hannan cities, respectively. Using SFI, the prevalence of frailty was 16.2% and 13.5% for participants in their 40s, 15.0% and 11.9% for those in their 50s, 12.5% and 10.0% for those in their 60s, 14.6% and 12.3% for those in their 70s, and 24.7% and 22.3% for those aged 80 years and older in Settsu and Hannan cities, respectively. Significant common independent variables associated with frailty as defined using the KCL and SFI in Settsu and Hannan cities were age, subjective health, economic status, subjective physical fitness, sleeping status, and awareness of the word "frailty."Conclusion This study found some participants to be frail as early as their 40s or 50s. Thus, efforts must be made to prevent frailty in working-age populations, including those aged 40 years and older. Six factors were associated with frailty. Longitudinal or interventional studies are required to examine their causal relationships and public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Institute of Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University
| | - Naomi Sawada
- Department of Health and Welfare (Current, Next Generation Development Department), Settsu city local Government
| | | | - Megumi Okabayashi
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government
| | - Hidekazu Shimada
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Keiichi Abe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Sumimoto Y, Yanagita M, Miyamatsu N, Okuda N, Nishi N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Miyagawa N, Miyachi M, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Association between socioeconomic status and prolonged television viewing time in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:57. [PMID: 33962567 PMCID: PMC8105981 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentary behaviors that is harmful to health; however, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prolonged TV viewing time has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. Methods The study population are the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2752 adults. SES was classified according to the employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Prolonged TV viewing time was defined as more than or equal to 4 h of TV viewing per day. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES with prolonged TV viewing time. Results The mean TV viewing time was 2.92 h in all participants. Of 2752 participants, 809 (29.4%) prolonged TV viewing, and the mean TV viewing time of them was 5.61 h. The mean TV viewing time in participants without prolonged TV viewing time was 1.81 h. The mean TV viewing time was prolonged as age classes increased and significantly longer in aged ≥60 years. Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with not working for all age classes and sexes. Only among women, education attainment and living status were also associated with prolonged TV viewing time. For education attainment, the lower the received years of education, the higher odds ratios (OR) of prolonged TV viewing time. For living status, in women aged <60 years, living with others had a significantly higher OR compared to living with spouse. On the other hand, in women aged ≥60 years, living alone had a significantly higher OR. EHE did not have any significant associations with prolonged TV viewing time. Conclusions In a general Japanese population, it should be noted that the association between SES and prolonged TV viewing time differed by age and sex. Particularly, it must draw attention to the prolonged TV viewing in elderly. The intervention in order to shorten TV viewing time needs to consider these attributes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-00978-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sumimoto
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yanagita
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 1288 Umagome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama, 339-8539, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition , National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Shinkawa 1-3-9 Chuohku, Tokyo, 104-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Nakagata T, Sawada N, Yamada Y, Kurotani K, Tanaka K, Okabayashi M, Shimada H, Takimoto H, Nishi N, Abe K, Miyachi M. Factors associated with sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based multisite cross-sectional survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:798. [PMID: 33902521 PMCID: PMC8074487 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of various factors associated with sarcopenia in older adults; however, few have examined the status of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults. In this study, we aimed to, 1) evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test, which is potentially a useful screening tool for sarcopenia, and 2) determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We conducted face-to-face surveys of 525 adults, who were aged 40-91 years and resided in Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan to evaluate the validity of finger-circle test. The finger-circle test evaluated calf circumference by referring to an illustration printed on the survey form. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was plotted to evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test for screening sarcopenia and compared to that evaluated by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using bioimpedance. We also conducted multisite population-based cross-sectional anonymous mail surveys of 9337 adults, who were aged 40-97 years and resided in Settsu and Hannan Cities, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling by sex and age in the elementary school zones of their respective cities. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to explore associations between characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia. RESULTS Sarcopenia, defined by SMI, was moderately predicted by a finger-circle test response showing that the subject's calf was smaller than their finger-circle (AUROC: 0.729, < 65 years; 0.653, ≥65 years); such subjects were considered to have sarcopenia. In mail surveys, prevalence of sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test was higher in older subjects (approximately 16%) than in middle-aged subjects (approximately 8-9%). In a multiple regression model, the factors associated with sarcopenia were age, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported health, and number of meals in all the participants. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia, screened by the finger-circle test, was present not only among older adults but also among middle-aged adults. These results may provide useful indications for developing public health programs, not only for the prevention, but especially for the management of sarcopenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000036880, registered prospectively May 29, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto, 621-8555 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto, 621-8555 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto, 621-8555 Japan
| | - Naomi Sawada
- Department of Health and Welfare, Settsu City Local Government, 1-1-1 Mishima, Settsu-city, Osaka, 566-8555 Japan
- Present Address: Department of Developing Next Generation, Settsu City Local Government, 1-1-1 Mishima, Settsu-city, Osaka, 566-8555 Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto, 621-8555 Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women’s University, 1-7-57 Taishido, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8533 Japan
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Department of Health, Hannan City Local Government, 35-1 Ozaki-cho, Hannan-city, Osaka, 599-0201 Japan
| | - Megumi Okabayashi
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, 2-1-22 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 540-8570 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Shimada
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, 2-1-22 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 540-8570 Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Keiichi Abe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, 567-0085 Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
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Patalen CF, Ikeda N, Angeles-Agdeppa I, Vargas MB, Nishi N, Duante CA, Capanzana MV. Data Resource Profile: The Philippine National Nutrition Survey (NNS). Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:742-743f. [PMID: 32526014 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chona F Patalen
- Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring Division, Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring Division, Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Marina B Vargas
- Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring Division, Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charmaine A Duante
- Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring Division, Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Mario V Capanzana
- Office of the Director, Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines
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31
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Ando Y, Ikeda N, Nishi N, Tano R, Iwasaki M, Miura H. [Assessment of participation and its associated lifestyle factors in the 2016 National Survey of Dental Diseases: an analysis through record linkage with National Health and Nutrition Survey]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2021; 68:33-41. [PMID: 33342934 DOI: 10.11236/jph.20-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ando
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center of Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center of Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Rumi Tano
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health
| | | | - Hiroko Miura
- School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Nishi N, Ikeda N, Sugiyama T, Kurotani K, Miyachi M. Simulating the Impact of Long-Term Care Prevention Among Older Japanese People on Healthcare Costs From 2020 to 2040 Using System Dynamics Modeling. Front Public Health 2021; 8:592471. [PMID: 33381487 PMCID: PMC7767848 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.592471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined how healthcare costs might change by reducing long-term care needs among older Japanese people. Methods: A simulation model was constructed comprising two aging chains for independent and dependent people aged ≥65 years by sex. Changes in the base run from 2020 to 2040 were compared with those in two hypothetical scenarios: a 2% annual reduction in death rates (S1), and S1 plus a 2% annual reduction in the proportion of dependent people aged 65 years and in transition rates from the independent to dependent state for people aged ≥65 years (S2). Results: In the base run, the population increased by 13.0% for men and 11.3% for women, and the proportion of dependent people increased by 4.6% for men but decreased by 13.4% for women. The sum of medical and long-term care expenditure increased in the base run, S1, and S2 by 8.2, 27.4, and 16.4%, respectively, for men and women combined. Conclusions: Healthcare costs will increase as death rates fall, but the increase will be attenuated if the proportion of dependent people decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Background The double burden of malnutrition is a growing public health problem in Japan. We estimated the dynamics of the energy imbalance gap (EIG) (average daily difference between energy intake and expenditure) to explain trends in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obese Japanese adults. Methods We used individual-level data on body height and weight from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys from 1975 to 2015. We calibrated a validated system dynamics model to estimate the EIG for Japanese adults aged 20 to 74 years by survey year, sex, and weight status classified by the body mass index (BMI). Results The overall EIG for men increased from 2.3 kcal/day in 1975 to 4.7 kcal/day in 1987 and then decreased to 2.3 kcal/day in 2015. The overall EIG for women consistently decreased from 4.3 kcal/day in 1975 to −0.5 kcal/day in 2015. By BMI class, the EIG for men with a BMI of <30 kg/m2 began to decrease around 1990, indicating a deceleration in the prevalence of overweight and obese men. The EIG consistently decreased for women with a BMI of <25 kg/m2 and reached negative values from the late 2000s to early 2010s, indicating a gradual decrease in the prevalence of overweight and obese women. Conclusions The dynamics of the EIG were different across sex and weight groups. Public health interventions should target a further decrease in the EIG for normal-weight, overweight, and obese men and a stop in the decreasing trends of the EIG in underweight and normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Fallah-Fini
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, California State Polytechnic University.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Ikeda N, Nishi N, Sugiyama T, Noda H, Noda M. Effective coverage of medical treatment for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in Japan: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2003-2017. J Health Serv Res Policy 2020; 26:106-114. [PMID: 33059478 DOI: 10.1177/1355819620949574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends in effective medical treatment coverage for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in Japan, using a metric to assess effective coverage of health interventions derived from a health system performance assessment framework. METHODS We obtained cross-sectional data for 96,863 individuals aged 40-74 years from the 15 annual Japanese National Health and Nutrition Surveys (2003-2017). We defined treatment need for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia as biomarkers equal to or greater than diagnostic thresholds or medication use. For individuals needing treatment, we conducted nearest-neighbour matching to estimate treatment effects and effective coverage, defined as the fraction of potential reductions in biomarkers actually achieved in treated individuals by medications. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of treatment need for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia remained around 40%, 7% and 33%, respectively, in 2003-2017. Average treatment effects for those treated in 2013-2017 were 14.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 14.2-15.4) for systolic blood pressure, 1.2 percentage points (0.8-1.6) for haemoglobin A1c and 57.9 mg/dl (56.6-59.2) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Effective coverage significantly increased between 2003-2007 (hypertension: 48.4% [44.7-52.0], diabetes: 43.8% [35.7-51.8], dyslipidaemia: 86.3% [83.1-89.5]) and 2013-2017 (hypertension: 76.2% [74.2-78.2], diabetes: 74.7% [71.0-78.5], dyslipidaemia: 94.6% [93.3-95.9]). CONCLUSIONS Effective coverage of medical treatment for metabolic risk factors has increased. Most of the potential reductions in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been achieved by statins. Further efforts are necessary to improve the effectiveness of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- Section Head, Section of Population Health Metrics, International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- Chief, International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Chief, Division of Health Services Research, Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Project Researcher, Department of Public Health/Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noda
- Visiting Faculty Member, Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Councilor, Office for Pandemic Influenza and New Infectious Diseases & Coordination Office of Measures on Emerging Infectious Disease, Cabinet Secretariat, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Professor, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
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Roesler A, Nishi N. An exploration using system dynamics modelling of population-level mindfulness, mindful eating and healthy weight following intervention. Nutr Health 2020; 26:179-186. [PMID: 32308110 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020917290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindful eating has been introduced as a strategy to help prevent overweight and obesity. AIM The purpose of this research was to develop a simple system dynamics model to investigate the impact of different interventions on population level mindfulness, mindful eating and healthy weight over a 10-year period. METHODS A model was constructed and outcomes analysed following the addition of four mindful eating interventions, including decreasing busyness (formal and informal work), promotion of mindful eating (e.g. classes and media), promotion of mindfulness, reduction of external eating cues (decreased portion sizes and variety) or a combination of all interventions. RESULTS The model projected that if the current situation was to continue over the next 10-year period, there would be a small decrease of 0.6% in the healthy-weight population despite a 42% increase in people practising mindfulness and 40% increase in people eating mindfully. Of the four interventions introduced, decreasing busyness had the greatest impact on the number of people practising mindfulness, eating mindfully and of a healthy weight. However, when all four interventions were introduced together this resulted in the greatest (19%) increase in the proportion of healthy-weight people. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that mindful eating can be improved through intervention, however, the interventions will not greatly contribute to improving the healthy-weight population unless implemented in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roesler
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Japan
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Ishikawa M, Nomura M, Miyoshi M, Nishi N, Yokoyama T, Miura H. A self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of non-communicable disease in Fiji. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:838. [PMID: 31727066 PMCID: PMC6857309 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 80% or more deaths in Pacific island countries, including Fiji, were related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although competency-based approaches have been effective for developing healthcare workers’ capabilities, there are only a few reports on competency scales of healthcare workers for NCD prevention. We aimed to develop a self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of NCDs in Fiji. Methods There were 378 Ministry of Health and Medical Services staff members working on NCD prevention and control in Fiji included in this study, which was a cross-sectional survey of social factors, working situation factors, and competency. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess potential competency components, whereas Cronbach’s α coefficient and analysis of variance were used to assess the validity and reliability of the scale items, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the respondents’ factor scores relative to social status and work situations. Results The factor analysis revealed 16 items that identified competency in four work types: 1) work management, 2) monitoring and evaluation, 3) community partnership, and 4) community diagnosis. The monitoring and evaluation roles were related to ethnic background, community partnership was related to religion, and community diagnosis was related to academic qualifications. Conclusions Based on the results, we developed a competency scale for the four work types. This scale can help healthcare workers engage in better management of residents with NCDs in Fiji.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.
| | - M Nomura
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, 3-6 Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - M Miyoshi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, 58-1, Mase, Hamadate, Aomori, 030-8505, Japan
| | - N Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - T Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, 3-6 Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
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Ishikawa M, Yokoyama T, Nishi N, Miura H. Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji. JMA J 2019; 3:41-50. [PMID: 33324774 PMCID: PMC7733744 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Public health promotion efforts aimed at overweight and obesity prevention often proceed from the premise that the first step should be losing weight. Appropriate perceptions of body image may be important for improving weight loss awareness. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index and body image perception in Fiji, where increasing obesity is currently the most important health-related issue. Methods: Using the resident register based on the governmental census, one household member, aged between 18 and 69 years, was randomly selected from each household in two areas. There were 1,014 participants in the study. The questionnaire items were related to body image, dietary behaviors, physical activity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption habits. Moreover, information regarding height, weight, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c were measured, and questions about social status (age, ethnicity, education, marital status, and employment), and subjective living status were asked. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body image perception. Results: Data from 391 men and 537 women were analyzed. Men within higher BMI quartiles smoked less (p = 0.0004) and drank less alcohol (p = 0.042). Women in higher BMI quartiles engaged in less physical activity (p = 0.022). Among the assessed data, both men and women in the higher BMI quartiles underestimated their body image compared with their actual physique (p < 0.0001). The higher BMI was associated with underestimated body image (men: odds ratio [OR] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–5.35; p < 0.0001; women: OR = 18.11, 95% CI, 10.10–32.47; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Higher BMI is strongly associated with underestimated body image among Fiji residents. Health-related counseling should be included within programs that aim to increase recognition of one’s actual physical size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishikawa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miura
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
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Ogata S, Nishimura K, Guzman-Castillo M, Sumita Y, Nakai M, Nakao YM, Nishi N, Noguchi T, Sekikawa A, Saito Y, Watanabe T, Kobayashi Y, Okamura T, Ogawa H, Yasuda S, Miyamoto Y, Capewell S, O'Flaherty M. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Japan: Contributions of changes in risk factors and evidence-based treatments between 1980 and 2012. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:183-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Okuda N, Kadota A, Nishi N, Miura K, Ohkubo T, Miyagawa N, Satoh A, Kita Y, Hayakawa T, Takashima N, Fujiyoshi A, Okayama A, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Association of Work Situation With Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk Among Working-Age Japanese Men ― A 20-Year Follow-up of NIPPON DATA90 ―. Circ J 2019; 83:1506-1513. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | | | - Takehito Hayakawa
- Research Center for Social Studies of Health and Community, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | | | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Suzuki H, Kadota A, Okuda N, Hayakawa T, Nishi N, Nakamura Y, Arima H, Miyagawa N, Satoh A, Miyamatsu N, Yanagita M, Yatsuya H, Yamagata Z, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with depressive tendencies in general Japanese men and women: NIPPON DATA2010. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:37. [PMID: 31138144 PMCID: PMC6540356 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gender-specific characteristics of individuals at an increased risk of developing depression currently remain unclear despite a higher prevalence of depression in women than in men. This study clarified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of subclinical depression in general Japanese men and women. Methods Study participants were residents not receiving psychiatric treatments in 300 sites throughout Japan in 2010 (1152 men, 1529 women). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results Risk of depressive tendencies was significantly higher in men who were single and living alone (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.56–6.88) than those married. The risk was significantly lower in women who were not working and aged ≥ 60 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.68) and higher in men who were not working and aged < 60 years (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.31–9.72) compared with those who were working. Current smoking was also associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive tendencies in women (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.68–5.22) but not in men. Conclusions Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of depressive tendencies in general Japanese. Related factors were different by sex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-019-0788-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumitsu Suzuki
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Hayakawa
- The Kinugasa Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yanagita
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. .,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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Nakamura M, Ojima T, Nagahata T, Kondo I, Ninomiya T, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Ohkubo T, Murakami K, Nishi N, Murakami Y, Takashima N, Okuda N, Kadota A, Miyagawa N, Kondo K, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Having few remaining teeth is associated with a low nutrient intake and low serum albumin levels in middle-aged and older Japanese individuals: findings from the NIPPON DATA2010. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:1. [PMID: 30611201 PMCID: PMC6320628 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health is thought to be associated with diet quality, and socioeconomic status (SES) affects both oral health and diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the number of teeth and dietary intake as well as nutritional biomarker, considering the subjects’ SES. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 2049 individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010. The number of remaining teeth was categorized into age-specific quartiles (Q1 to Q4). We assessed the adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals for dietary variables by the number of teeth using analysis of covariance. Stratified analyses by SES were also conducted. Results The intake of grain products was 31 g higher, and those of vegetables and meat were 30 g and 8 g lower, respectively, in Q1 (fewer teeth) than in Q4 (more teeth). Carbohydrate intake was higher whereas protein, minerals (potassium, magnesium, and zinc), vitamins (vitamins A, E, B1, B6, β-carotene, and folic acid), and dietary fiber intakes were lower among individuals with fewer teeth. Adjusted mean serum albumin levels were low in Q1. The associations between the number of teeth and dietary intake were more evident in individuals with a low SES. Conclusions Having few remaining teeth was associated with a low nutrient intake and low serum albumin levels in middle-aged and older Japanese adults, and these associations were more evident in individuals with low SES. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0752-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nagahata
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Tokaigakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Imako Kondo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo 451University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo 451University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Ikeda N, Nishi N. [Key variable combinations for identifying non-participants in the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey through record linkage with the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2019; 66:210-218. [PMID: 31061277 DOI: 10.11236/jph.66.4_210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The identification of non-participants in the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) requires record linkage with its master sample from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC). In principle, we can merge individual records between the two surveys by using key identifiers including household ID, but false matches and nonmatches can occur. We examined combinations of key variables for improving record linkage to identify nonparticipants in the NHNS.Methods We used individual-level data from the NHNS and the CSLC from 1988 to 2015 (except 2012). We extracted from CSLC data individuals in participating unit blocks in the NHNS to merge records between the two surveys. We used four combinations of key variables: prefecture ID, census enumeration district ID, unit block ID, household ID, and household member ID (A); household member ID in A was replaced with sex and birth year and month or age (B); sex and birth year and month or age were added to A (C); two-stage linkage of B and C (D). We classified a sample of individuals into matched participants, unmatched NHNS participants, and unmatched CSLC participants (a proxy for nonparticipants). We compared the percentages of matched NHNS participants and unmatched CSLC participants across the four combinations of key variables.Results We obtained a sample of 455,854 participants from the CSLC and 335,010 from the NHNS. The percentage of matched NHNS participants was highest in A (the upper 90%), followed by D (the lower 90%), B (the lower 90%), and C (the 80%). Compared to C, the percentage of matched NHNS participants was higher by 8-14 percentage points in A and 5-10 percentage points in B. Compared to B, it was higher by 0.1-0.4 percentage points in D. The percentage of unmatched CSLC participants was highest in C, followed by B, D, and A. The percentage of unmatched CSLC participants increased in D from the 20% level in the late 1980s to around 30% in the 1990s and stayed between the 30% level and the lower 40% level in the 2000s.Conclusion The highest percentage of accurate matches of NHNS participants was obtained by considering changes in household member ID and incorrect entries on sex and birth year/month and age, and same-sex multiple births. However, there are limitations in handling unmatched participants due to changes in household ID or other reasons. It is therefore necessary to consider the possibility of false nonmatches included in unmatched CSLC participants in regarding them as non-participants in the NHNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Stanaway JD, Afshin A, Gakidou E, Lim SS, Abate D, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulkader RS, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Abera SF, Abil OZ, Abraha HN, Abrham AR, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Accrombessi MMK, Acharya D, Acharya P, Adamu AA, Adane AA, Adebayo OM, Adedoyin RA, Adekanmbi V, Ademi Z, Adetokunboh OO, Adib MG, Admasie A, Adsuar JC, Afanvi KA, Afarideh M, Agarwal G, Aggarwal A, Aghayan SA, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aichour MTE, Akbari ME, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al-Aly Z, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Alahdab F, Alam K, Alam S, Alam T, Alashi A, Alavian SM, Alene KA, Ali K, Ali SM, Alijanzadeh M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Aljunid SM, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Ammar W, Anber NH, Anderson JA, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Animut MD, Anjomshoa M, Ansha MG, Antó JM, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Appiah LT, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal KK, Asayesh H, Ataro Z, Ausloos M, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayer R, Ayuk TB, Azzopardi PS, Babazadeh A, Badali H, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Bali AG, Ball K, Ballew SH, Banach M, Banoub JAM, Barac A, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Basu S, Baune BT, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Béjot Y, Bekele BB, Bekru ET, Belay E, Belay YA, Bell ML, Bello AK, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Bergeron G, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Beuran M, Beyranvand T, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhattarai S, Bhutta ZA, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilano V, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed MS, Bisanzio D, Biswas T, Bjørge T, Blacker BF, Bleyer A, Borschmann R, Bou-Orm IR, Boufous S, Bourne R, Brady OJ, Brauer M, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Briko AN, Britton G, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Burnett RT, Busse R, Butt ZA, Cahill LE, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Campos-Nonato IR, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castillo Rivas J, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang HY, Chang JC, Chang KL, Charlson FJ, Chattopadhyay A, Chattu VK, Chee ML, Cheng CY, Chew A, Chiang PPC, Chimed-Ochir O, Chin KL, Chitheer A, Choi JYJ, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christopher DJ, Chung SC, Cicuttini FM, Cirillo M, Cohen AJ, Collado-Mateo D, Cooper C, Cooper OR, Coresh J, Cornaby L, Cortesi PA, Cortinovis M, Costa M, Cousin E, Criqui MH, Cromwell EA, Cundiff DK, Daba AK, Dachew BA, Dadi AF, Damasceno AAM, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darby SC, Dargan PI, Daryani A, Das Gupta R, Das Neves J, Dasa TT, Dash AP, Davitoiu DV, Davletov K, De la Cruz-Góngora V, De La Hoz FP, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle RP, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Deshpande A, Des Jarlais DC, Dessie GA, Deveber GA, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dinberu MT, Ding EL, Diro HD, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Dokova K, Doku DT, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken EE, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Ebert N, Ebrahimi H, Ebrahimpour S, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, Eggen AE, El Bcheraoui C, El-Khatib Z, Elyazar IR, Enayati A, Endries AY, Er B, Erskine HE, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fakhim H, Faramarzi M, Fareed M, Farid TA, Farinha CSES, Farioli A, Faro A, Farvid MS, Farzaei MH, Fatima B, Fay KA, Fazaeli AA, Feigin VL, Feigl AB, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Fernandes JC, Ferrara G, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Finger JD, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Foreman KJ, Fukumoto T, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado JM, Futran ND, Gall S, Gallus S, Gamkrelidze A, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gardner WM, Gebre AK, Gebremedhin AT, Gebremichael TG, Gelano TF, Geleijnse JM, Geramo YCD, Gething PW, Gezae KE, Ghadimi R, Ghadiri K, Ghasemi Falavarjani K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghimire M, Ghosh R, Ghoshal AG, Giampaoli S, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Ginawi IA, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya EV, Godwin WW, Goli S, Gómez-Dantés H, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grams ME, Grosso G, Gugnani HC, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gutiérrez RA, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Haagsma JA, Habtewold TD, Hachinski V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagos TB, Hailegiyorgis TT, Hailu GB, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Handal AJ, Hankey GJ, Hao Y, Harb HL, Harikrishnan S, Haro JM, Hassankhani H, Hassen HY, Havmoeller R, Hawley CN, Hay SI, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Heibati B, Heidari B, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Henok A, Heredia-Pi I, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Heydarpour S, Hibstu DT, Higazi TB, Hilawe EH, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Hole MK, Homaie Rad E, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hosseini SM, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hsiao T, Hu G, Hu H, Huang JJ, Hussen MA, Huynh CK, Iburg KM, Ikeda N, Ilesanmi OS, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islam SMS, Islami F, Jackson MD, Jacobsen KH, Jahangiry L, Jahanmehr N, Jain SK, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Jassal SK, Jayatilleke AU, Jeemon P, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Jorjoran Shushtari Z, Joshi A, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kanchan T, Kant S, Kar C, Karami M, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karema C, Karimi N, Karimi SM, Kasaeian A, Kassa DH, Kassa GM, Kassa TD, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazemi Z, Karyani AK, Kefale AT, Keiyoro PN, Kemp GR, Kengne AP, Keren A, Kesavachandran CN, Khader YS, Khafaei B, Khafaie MA, Khajavi A, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khan G, Khan MS, Khan MA, Khang YH, Khater MM, Khazaei M, Khazaie H, Khoja AT, Khosravi A, Khosravi MH, Kiadaliri AA, Kiirithio DN, Kim CI, Kim D, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AKS, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Kolola T, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kromhout H, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kuzin I, Kyu HH, Lachat C, Lad DP, Lad SD, Lafranconi A, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lami FH, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Larson SL, Latifi A, Lazarus JV, Lee PH, Leigh J, Leili M, Leshargie CT, Leung J, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li S, Li Y, Liang J, Liang X, Liao Y, Liben ML, Lim LL, Linn S, Liu S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lopez AD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lucas TCD, Lunevicius R, Ma S, Macarayan ERK, Machado ÍE, Madotto F, Mai HT, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manda AL, Manguerra H, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maravilla JC, Marcenes W, Marks A, Martin RV, Martins SCO, Martins-Melo FR, März W, Marzan MB, Massenburg BB, Mathur MR, Mathur P, Matsushita K, Maulik PK, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mehta KM, Mehta V, Meier T, Mekonnen FA, Melaku YA, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah PTN, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Mensink GBM, Mereta ST, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Mezgebe HB, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Millear AI, Miller TR, Miller-Petrie MK, Mini GK, Mirarefin M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw AT, Mitiku H, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi M, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Momeniha F, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morgado-Da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Moschos MM, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mozaffarian D, Mruts KB, Muche AA, Muchie KF, Mueller UO, Muhammed OS, Mukhopadhyay S, Muller K, Musa KI, Mustafa G, Nabhan AF, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Naik N, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Nascimento BR, Neal B, Neamati N, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Neupane S, Newton CRJ, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen AQ, Nguyen G, Nguyen HT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen M, Nguyen NB, Nichols E, Nie J, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nishi N, Nixon MR, Nojomi M, Nomura S, Norheim OF, Noroozi M, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nouri HR, Nourollahpour Shiadeh M, Nowroozi MR, Nsoesie EO, Nyasulu PS, Obermeyer CM, Odell CM, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Oladimeji O, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olivares PR, Olsen HE, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Ong KL, Ong SK, Oren E, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Ota E, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Pacella R, Pakhare AP, Pakpour AH, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Parry CDH, Parsian H, Patel S, Pati S, Patil ST, Patle A, Patton GC, Paudel D, Paulson KR, Paz Ballesteros WC, Pearce N, Pereira A, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Pillay JD, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Pischon T, Pishgar F, Plana-Ripoll O, Plass D, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Postma MJ, Poulton R, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Prabhakaran D, Prakash S, Prasad N, Purcell CA, Purwar MB, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi Z, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman MHU, Rahman MA, Rai RK, Rajati F, Rajsic S, Raju SB, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Ranjan P, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Reddy KS, Rehm CD, Rehm J, Reiner RC, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Rezaei S, Ribeiro ALP, Rivera JA, Roba KT, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Roever L, Román Y, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Rushton L, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari H, Safari Y, Safari-Faramani R, Safdarian M, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi HS, Salam N, Salamati P, Saleem Z, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Salvi DD, Salz I, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño MD, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Sanders T, Sang Y, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric Milicevic MM, Sao Jose BP, Sardana M, Sarker AR, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant AR, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Schaeffner E, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Scott JG, Seedat S, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Serre ML, Serván-Mori E, Seyedmousavi S, Shabaninejad H, Shaddick G, Shafieesabet A, Shahbazi M, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamah Levy T, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Sharafi H, Sharafi K, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sharifi H, Sharma J, Sharma M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikh A, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shiferaw MS, Shigematsu M, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Shokraneh F, Shoman H, Shrime MG, Shupler MS, Si S, Siabani S, Sibai AM, Siddiqi TJ, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silveira DGA, Singh JA, Singh NP, Singh V, Sinha DN, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Smith DL, Smith M, Sobaih BH, Sobhani S, Somayaji R, Soofi M, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spinelli A, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Starodubov VI, Steckling N, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Stevanovic G, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Sturua L, Subart ML, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Sulo G, Sunguya BF, Sur PJ, Sykes BL, Szoeke CEI, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla SK, Takahashi K, Tandon N, Tassew SG, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekalign TG, Tekelemedhin SW, Tekle MG, Temesgen H, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Terkawi AS, Tessema B, Teweldemedhin M, Thankappan KR, Theis A, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas HJ, Thomas ML, Thomas N, Thurston GD, Tilahun B, Tillmann T, To QG, Tobollik M, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre AE, Tortajada-Girbés M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Towbin JA, Tran BX, Tran KB, Truelsen TC, Truong NT, Tsadik AG, Tudor Car L, Tuzcu EM, Tymeson HD, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Ullah I, Updike RL, Usman MS, Uthman OA, Vaduganathan M, Vaezi A, Valdez PR, Van Donkelaar A, Varavikova E, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Venkateswaran V, Venketasubramanian N, Villafaina S, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vu GT, Vujcic IS, Wagnew FS, Waheed Y, Waller SG, Walson JL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YP, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Weldegebreal F, Werdecker A, Werkneh AA, West JJ, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Widecka J, Wijeratne T, Winkler AS, Wiyeh AB, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe CDA, Wong TY, Wu S, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yadollahpour A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamada T, Yan LL, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yasin YJ, Yeshaneh A, Yimer EM, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yotebieng M, Younis MZ, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zavala-Arciniega L, Zhang AL, Zhang H, Zhang K, Zhou M, Zimsen SRM, Zodpey S, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392:1923-1994. [PMID: 30496105 PMCID: PMC6227755 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2618] [Impact Index Per Article: 436.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. FINDINGS In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3-35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14-1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6-62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3-50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39-11·5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83-7·37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23-8·23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99-6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36-1·51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3-6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. INTERPRETATION By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Ando T, Nakae S, Usui C, Yoshimura E, Nishi N, Takimoto H, Tanaka S. Effect of diurnal variations in the carbohydrate and fat composition of meals on postprandial glycemic response in healthy adults: a novel insight for the second-meal phenomenon. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:332-342. [PMID: 29924301 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meals, particularly carbohydrate intake, determine diurnal blood glucose (BG) excursions. However, the effect of meals with variable carbohydrate content on diurnal BG excursions remains poorly understood, despite routine consumption of meals that vary daily. Objective The aim of this study was to verify our hypothesis that glycemic response is elevated when a meal with a higher carbohydrate content follows a meal with a lower carbohydrate content. Design This was a secondary analysis of a study whose primary endpoint was energy metabolism (e.g., energy expenditure and substrate oxidation). This crossover study was designed to test BG responses to 3 types of meals with different macronutrient contents [regular meals (R), meals with a high-carbohydrate breakfast (CB), and meals with a high-fat breakfast (FB)] using a continuous glucose monitoring system. The R test included 3 meals/d with the same macronutrient composition; the CB test, a high-carbohydrate meal at breakfast, a high-fat meal at lunch, and a high-carbohydrate meal at dinner; and the FB test, a high-fat meal at breakfast, a high-carbohydrate meal at lunch, and a high-carbohydrate meal at dinner. Each test had similar daily macronutrient compositions, except CB and FB had larger variations in carbohydrate content than R. Fourteen healthy young men were tested in random order and underwent whole-body indirect calorimetry. Results Daily peak BG concentrations were higher for the CB (mean ± SD: 143.9 ± 25.3 mg/dL) and FB (140.2 ± 24.8 mg/dL) conditions than for the R condition (127.5 ± 15.7 mg/dL). Postprandial BG peaks after a high-carbohydrate meal were ∼20 mg/dL higher when a previous meal was relatively high-fat than when not high-fat (P < 0.05 for all). A multiple regression analysis indicated that the postprandial glycemic response was negatively associated with the preprandial respiratory quotient. Conclusions Our findings indicate that switching from high-fat to high-carbohydrate meals contributes to larger postprandial BG excursions, along with alterations in prioritization of carbohydrate utilization. This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000028895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ando
- Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Usui
- Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Communication, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- Departments of International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Departments of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Departments of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikeda N, Nishi N, Miyachi M. Effects of behavioral counseling on cardiometabolic biomarkers: A longitudinal analysis of the Japanese national database. Prev Med 2018; 113:116-121. [PMID: 29758304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, health insurers are obliged to conduct Specific Health Checkup (SHC) for middle-aged and elderly persons. High-risk persons are referred to Specific Health Guidance (SHG) to receive behavioral counseling based on individual action plans including targets for modification of daily energy balance through diet and physical activity. Using individual-level observational data, we examined the effects of diet and physical activity counseling on cardiometabolic biomarkers across the country. Subjects were 363,440 high-risk persons aged 40-64 who participated in intensive support in SHG for ≥3 months between April 2008 and March 2012. We considered participants as receiving counseling on diet alone, physical activity alone, combined, or neither if they had targets for diet only, physical activity only, both, or neither, respectively. Biomarkers included body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c. Under the difference-in-differences approach, we used multivariable linear regression on repeated measures of biomarkers at SHCs before and after SHG and estimated the effects of each counseling type as an interaction with time of SHC. Compared with neither counseling, diet and physical activity counseling, alone or combined, were significantly associated with additional improvements in biomarkers after SHG, for example, body mass index (men: 0.03-0.06 kg/m2, women: 0.10-0.15 kg/m2) and waist circumference (men: 0.16-0.29 cm, women: 0.43-0.47 cm) in both sexes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men (0.13-0.29 mg/dL). Modest improvements in biomarkers were associated with diet and physical activity counseling, although effect sizes were small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Goryoda S, Nishi N, Shimoda H, Yonekura Y, Sakata K, Kobayashi S, Ogawa A, Kawachi I. Social Capital and Dietary Intakes Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:92-96. [PMID: 30033956 PMCID: PMC6375816 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have identified poor dietary intake as a health risk affecting survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. We examined the association between different social factors (eg, living conditions and perceptions of community social capital) and dietary intakes among disaster-affected survivors. Methods We studied 6,724 survivors in four municipalities of Iwate Prefecture 3 years after the disaster. Social capital was assessed via four items inquiring about respondents’ perceptions of social cohesion in their communities. Good dietary intake was defined according to the following criteria: intake of staple food ≥three times a day; intake of meat, fish and shellfish eggs, or soybean products ≥twice a day; vegetable intake ≥twice a day; and intake of fruit or dairy products ≥once a day. An individual who did not meet any of these criteria was defined as having poor dietary intake. We adjusted for covariates, including socioeconomic status, marital status, and residential area. Results Poor dietary intake was reported by 31.6% of respondents. Poisson regression analyses revealed that the following factors were related to poor dietary intake: age <65 years (men: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–1.71 and women: PR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.36–1.77), difficulties in living conditions (men: PR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00–1.39 and women: PR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01–1.40), and low perceptions of community social capital (women: PR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04–1.38). Conclusions Our findings suggest that social capital plays a role in promoting healthy dietary intake among women in disaster-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Goryoda
- The Disease Prevention Science Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Haruki Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Yonekura
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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47
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Fujiyoshi N, Arima H, Satoh A, Ojima T, Nishi N, Okuda N, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Nakaya N, Fujiyoshi A, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Associations between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence and Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA2010. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:606-620. [PMID: 29321397 PMCID: PMC6055037 DOI: 10.5551/jat.42531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence and treatment status of hypercholesterolemia in a general Japanese population. METHODS In 2010, we established a cohort study of 2417 adults (age 20-91 yr) from 300 randomly selected areas across Japan who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan. We cross-sectionally examined an association between SES and (1) prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in 2417 participants (999 men and 1418 women) and (2) not receiving medication for hypercholesterolemia in 654 participants (215 men and 439 women). SES included employment status, marital status, length of education, and household expenditures. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a total serum cholesterol level of ≥6.21 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) or the use of lipid-lowering medications. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 21.5% in men and 31.0% in women. In men, the lowest quintile of household expenditures was associated with a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (28.3%) compared with the upper 4 quintiles (19.9%) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.38). Among participants with hypercholesterolemia, 55.4% of men and 55.1% of women were not receiving medication. Unmarried men were more likely to be untreated (75.0%) than married men (50.9%) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 2.53;95%CI 1.05-6.08). SES had no significant effects in women. CONCLUSION In a general population of Japanese men, low household expenditures were associated with a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, and unmarried men with hypercholesterolemia were less likely to receive medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
| | - NIPPON DATA2010 Research Group
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Kadota A, Okuda N, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Nishi N, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. The National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010 (NIPPON DATA2010): Objectives, Design, and Population Characteristics. J Epidemiol 2018; 28 Suppl 3:S2-S9. [PMID: 29503381 PMCID: PMC5825689 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The structure and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Japan may change because lifestyle, particularly nutrition, socioeconomic status, and medical care, which affect CVD, may markedly change over time. Therefore, a new prospective cohort study on a representative general Japanese population based on national surveys is required. Methods In November 2010, the baseline survey of the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010 (NIPPON DATA2010) was performed with the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan (NHNS2010) in 300 randomly selected districts throughout Japan. The survey included a questionnaire, electrocardiogram, urinalysis, and blood biomarkers added to the NHNS2010 examinations. Physical measurements, blood biomarkers, and dietary data were also obtained in NHNS2010. Socioeconomic factors were obtained by merging with the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2010 (CSLC2010) dataset. Participants are followed annually for the incidence of diabetes mellitus, CVD events (acute coronary events, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke), and cause-specific mortality. The activities of daily living are followed every 5 years. Results A total of 2,898 individuals aged 20 years or older agreed to participate in the baseline survey of NIPPON DATA2010. The participation rate was 74.6%. Of these, data from NHNS2010 was merged for 2,891 participants (1,236 men and 1,655 women). The data of 2,807 participants were also merged with CSLC2010 data. Conclusions We established NIPPON DATA2010 as a cohort study on a representative general Japanese population that covers all of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
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49
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Tsubota-Utsugi M, Yonekura Y, Tanno K, Nozue M, Shimoda H, Nishi N, Sakata K, Kobayashi S. Association between health risks and frailty in relation to the degree of housing damage among elderly survivors of the great East Japan earthquake. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 29898680 PMCID: PMC6001143 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in 2011 were at risk of deteriorating health, especially elderly people living in disaster-stricken areas. The objectives of this prospective study were: a) to clarify the different lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with frailty by sex among the non-disabled elderly survivors, and b) to describe the differences in characteristics stratified by the degree of disaster-related housing damage. Methods We followed 2261 Japanese survivors aged ≥65 years (45.3% male; mean age, 71.7 years) without disability or frailty who completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. All participants completed a baseline questionnaire in 2011 and at least one identical follow-up questionnaire between 2012 and 2015 regarding lifestyle (smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary intake) and psychosocial factors (self-rated health, standard of living, psychological distress, and social networks). Frailty was defined as a score of ≥5 on the Kihon Checklist, which is used by the Japanese government to certify the need for long-term care insurance. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with frailty as the dichotomous dependent variable and health factors as the independent variables were calculated using a multilevel model for repeated measures by sex, followed by stratification analyses by the degree of housing damage. Results Over the 4-year study period, 510 participants (22.6%) developed frailty. In the post-disaster setting, many of the psychosocial factors remained more prevalent 4 years later among survivors with extensive housing damage. The presence of risk factors regarding the development of frailty differed by the degree of housing damage. Among men, psychological distress, in parallel with a poor social network, was related to frailty among only the participants with extensive housing damage and those living in temporary housing, whereas among women, worsening psychological distress was associated only with no damage and no displaced survivors. Among women with extensive damage and displacement, health outcomes such as overweight and diabetes and poor social networks were strongly related to frailty. Conclusions Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with the risk of frailty differ by sex and the degree of housing damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0828-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsubota-Utsugi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Y Yonekura
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - M Nozue
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - H Shimoda
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - N Nishi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - S Kobayashi
- Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan
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50
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Miyoshi M, Nishi N, Kato H, Murayama N, Miyazawa T, Shimizu M. IUNS Workshop on Capacity and Leadership Development in Nutritional Sciences Held in Tokyo 2017. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:168-171. [PMID: 29710035 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Miyoshi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,IUNS Committee of the Science Council of Japan
| | - Nobuko Murayama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculties of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- IUNS Committee of the Science Council of Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- IUNS Committee of the Science Council of Japan.,Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University
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