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Astorino TA, Pierce S, Piva MB, Metcalfe RS, Vollaard NB. Physiological and perceptual responses to sprint interval exercise using arm versus leg cycling ergometry. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:385-393. [PMID: 39309456 PMCID: PMC11411376 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increases in power output and maximal oxygen consumption (V ˙ O 2 max) occur in response to sprint interval exercise (SIE), but common use of "all-out" intensities presents a barrier for many adults. Furthermore, lower-body SIE is not feasible for all adults. We compared physiological and perceptual responses to supramaximal, but "non-all-out" SIE between leg and arm cycling exercise. Twenty-four active adults (mean ± SD age: [25 ± 7] y; cyclingV ˙ O 2 max: [39 ± 7] mL·kg-1·min-1) performed incremental exercise using leg (LCE) and arm cycle ergometry (ACE) to determineV ˙ O 2 max and maximal work capacity (Wmax). Subsequently, they performed four 20 s bouts of SIE at 130% Wmax on the LCE or ACE at cadence = 120-130 rev/min, with 2 min recovery between intervals. Gas exchange data, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affective valence were acquired. Data showed significantly lower (p < 0.001) absolute mean ([1.24 ± 0.31] L·min-1 vs. [1.59 ± 0.34] L·min-1; d = 1.08) and peakV ˙ O 2 ([1.79 ± 0.48] L·min-1 vs. [2.10 ± 0.44] L·min-1; d = 0.70) with ACE versus LCE. However, ACE elicited significantly higher (p < 0.001) relative mean ([62% ± 9%]V ˙ O 2 max vs. [57% ± 7%]V ˙ O 2 max, d = 0.63) and peakV ˙ O 2 ([88% ± 10%]V ˙ O 2 max vs. [75% ± 10%]V ˙ O 2 max, d = 1.33). Post-exercise BLa was significantly higher ([7.0 ± 1.7] mM vs. [5.7 ± 1.5] mM, p = 0.024, d = 0.83) for LCE versus ACE. There was no significant effect of modality on RPE or affective valence (p > 0.42), and lowest affective valence recorded (2.0 ± 1.8) was considered "good to fairly good". Data show that non "all-out" ACE elicits lower absolute but higher relative HR andV ˙ O 2 compared to LCE. Less aversive perceptual responses could make this non-all-out modality feasible for inactive adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shealin Pierce
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU—San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Madisen B. Piva
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU—San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Richard S. Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Center, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Poon ETC, Wongpipit W, Li HY, Wong SHS, Siu PM, Kong APS, Johnson NA. High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108481. [PMID: 39256000 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or non-exercise control (CON) for modification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and other cardiometabolic health outcomes in individuals with MetS. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: Five databases were searched from inception to March 2024. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HIIT with MICT/CON were performed for components of MetS (waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (BG)) and clinically relevant cardiometabolic health parameters. Subgroup moderator analyses were conducted based on the intervention duration and HIIT volume. RESULTS Out of 4819 studies, 23 RCTs involving 1374 participants were included (mean age: 46.2-67.0 years, 55% male). HIIT significantly improved WC (weighted mean difference (WMD) -4.12 cm, 95% CI -4.71 to -3.53), SBP (WMD -6.05 mm Hg, 95% CI -8.11 to -4.00), DBP (WMD -3.68 mm Hg, 95% CI -5.70 to -1.65), HDL-C (WMD 0.12 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.20), TG (WMD -0.34 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.27) and BG (WMD -0.35 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.16) compared with CON (all p<0.01). HIIT approaches demonstrated comparable effects to MICT across all parameters. Subgroup analyses suggested that HIIT protocols with low volume (ie, <15 min of high-intensity exercise per session) were not inferior to higher volume protocols for improving MetS components. CONCLUSION This review supports HIIT as an efficacious exercise strategy for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with MetS. Low-volume HIIT appears to be a viable alternative to traditional forms of aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waris Wongpipit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit for Sports Management & Physical Activity Policy (RU-SMPAP), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hong-Yat Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Jung ME, Santos A, Ginis KAM. "But will they do it?" Challenging assumptions and incivility in the academic discourse on high-intensity interval training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 39074385 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Debate over whether to promote high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in public-health contexts has centred on assumptions that people will have negative psychological responses to HIIT, leading to poor adoption and adherence. We challenge these assumptions through reviews of (1) studies that have measured psychological responses to HIIT and (2) studies that have measured adherence to HIIT protocols in supervised or unsupervised settings. Overall, the evidence suggests that HIIT is just as enjoyable as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). In supervised situations, on average, adherence is similarly high for HIIT and MICT (>89%). In unsupervised situations, adherence is similarly lower for both HIIT and MICT (<69%). Based on these findings, we recommend that attention be directed toward improving behaviour-change and maintenance for all types of exercise. Resources are better spent addressing fundamental questions about exercise initiation and adherence, than perpetuating a vitriolic and uncivil debate over the value of HIIT versus MICT. We discuss how debate, incivility, and bullying undermine scientific progress and we issue a call for respectful, civil dialogue in academic HIIT discussions. We conclude with recommendations that can be used by all members of the scientific community to practice, champion, and defend civil discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Behaviour Change, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Santos
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Behaviour Change, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Behaviour Change, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Yin M, Deng S, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zheng H, Bai M, Li H, Zhang X, Deng J, Liu Q, Little JP, Li Y. Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:920-932. [PMID: 38569204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) to explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, inactive adults (n: 42, age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg·m-2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 33.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomly assigned to ES, MICT, or Control. ES (n = 14) and MICT (n = 13) groups performed three sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group (n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s "all-out" stair-climbing (6 flight, 126 steps, and 18.9 m total height) bouts separated by >1 h rest, and MICT involved 40 min × 60%-70% HRmax stationary cycling. A significant group × time interaction was found for relative VO2peak (p < 0.05) with ES significantly increasing by 7% compared to baseline (MD = 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.7), Cohen's d = 0.44), while MICT had no significant effects (MD = 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-1.1, 3.2), Cohen's d = 0.17), and Control experienced a significant decrease (MD = -1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-2.9, -0.4), Cohen's d = 0.26). MFO was unchanged among the three groups (group × time interaction, p > 0.05 for all). Stair climbing-based ES are a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving CRF among inactive adults, but the tested ES intervention appears to have limited potential to increase MFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Health Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Metcalfe RS, Vollaard NBJ. Reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT): a feasible approach for improving health and fitness? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:984-992. [PMID: 38688037 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research investigating the dose-response to sprint interval training (SIT) has provided evidence that the number and duration of repetitions in a SIT session can be reduced whilst preserving the beneficial health-related adaptations. Together this research has led to the development of protocols involving minimal doses of SIT: regularly performing just two or three 20-30 s all-out sprints in a 10 min training session has been shown to elicit beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations. These SIT protocols, which we originally termed "reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training" (or REHIT), have the potential to remove many of the common barriers associated with other SIT protocols, as well as with HIT and aerobic exercise. Here, we critically review the evidence on the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability, and effectiveness of REHIT for improving health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN Wales, UK
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Zenko Z, Hall EE, Bixby WR. The effects of affect-guided interval training on pleasure, enjoyment, and autonomy: A registered report. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102611. [PMID: 38490596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This registered report tested the effects of a novel exercise protocol, namely affect-guided interval training, on motivationally relevant variables of remembered pleasure, forecasted pleasure, enjoyment, and autonomy. Affect-guided interval training (AIT) consisted of 60-s intervals that alternated between the highest pleasant intensity and lowest pleasant intensity for 20 min; this was intended to minimize the potential displeasure of traditional high-intensity interval training. The novel protocol was compared to self-selected exercise intensity (30 min) and high-intensity interval training (60-s intervals for 20 min). All sessions were, on average, vigorous in intensity (80-89% peak heart rate). Data indicate that the AIT session was experienced as the most pleasant, had the most pleasant slope of affect, was remembered as the most pleasant, resulted in the most positive affective forecasts, and was the most enjoyable. Both the affect-guided interval session and self-selected exercise session resulted in greater autonomy than high-intensity interval training. Several evaluative and motivationally relevant variables, including (a) remembered pleasure, (b) enjoyment, and (c) forecasted pleasure were predicted by (a) experienced pleasure, the (b) pleasure experienced at the end of exercise, and (c) the slope of pleasure experienced throughout the exercise session. Overall, this study suggests that affect-guided interval training is a feasible and positive alternative that can be included as a viable option for exercise programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zenko
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Bakersfield, United States.
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Frykholm E, Simonsson E, Levik Sandström S, Hedlund M, Holmberg H, Johansson B, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ, Rosendahl E. Applicability of a supramaximal high-intensity interval training program for older adults previously not engaged in regular exercise; analyses of secondary outcomes from the Umeå HIT Study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102647. [PMID: 38604572 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This analysis of secondary outcomes investigated the applicability of supramaximal high-intensity interval training (HIT) with individually prescribed external intensity performed on stationary bicycles. Sixty-eight participants with a median (min; max) age of 69 (66; 79), at the time not engaged in regular exercise were randomized to 25 twice-weekly sessions of supramaximal HIT (20-min session with 10 × 6-s intervals) or moderate-intensity training (MIT, 40-min session with 3 × 8-min intervals). The primary aim was outcomes on applicability regarding; adherence to prescribed external interval intensity, participant reported positive and negative events, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE 6-20), and affective state (Feeling Scale, FS -5-5). A secondary aim was to investigate change in exercise-related self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale) and motivation (Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2). Total adherence to the prescribed external interval intensity was [median (min; max)] 89 % (56; 100 %) in supramaximal HIT, and 100 % (95; 100 %) in MIT. The supramaximal HIT group reported 60 % of the positive (112 of 186) and 36 % of the negative (52 of 146) events. At the end of the training period, the median (min; max) session RPE was 15 (12; 17) for supramaximal HIT and 14 (9; 15) for MIT. As for FS, the median last within-session rating was 3 (-1; 5) for supramaximal HIT and 3 (1; 5) for MIT. Exercise-related motivation increased (mean difference in Relative Autonomy Index score = 1.54, 95 % CI [0.69; 2.40]), while self-efficacy did not change (mean difference = 0.55, 95 % CI [-0.75; 1.82]), regardless of group. This study provide support for supramaximal HIT in supervised group settings for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Frykholm
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Emma Simonsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofi Levik Sandström
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hedlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Holmberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Lindelöf
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Kilpatrick MW, Mastrofini GF, Sheriff PP, McCluggage CL, Korte S, Zenko Z. Examining the effects of increasing then decreasing exercise intensity within a session of aerobic exercise. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102637. [PMID: 38615898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have examined the relations between the slope of pleasure experienced during exercise and remembered pleasure, forecasted pleasure, and enjoyment. OBJECTIVES This study advances this line of research by examining the effects of exposing participants to exercise that increases in intensity and then decreases in intensity. METHODS In a within-subjects design, participants completed three exercise sessions matched for total and average work. One session steadily increased in intensity, another steadily decreased in intensity, and a third increased-then-decreased in intensity. Remembered pleasure, forecasted pleasure, and exercise enjoyment served as primary outcome variables. RESULTS Remembered pleasure, forecasted pleasure, and enjoyment did not differ between conditions. Remembered pleasure was positively associated with mean experienced pleasure, the overall slope of pleasure during the exercise session, affect experienced at the end of exercise, forecasted pleasure, accomplishment, and enjoyment. CONCLUSIONS These data add to a growing literature on the effects of patterns of exercise intensity on affective responses to exercise. The results are discussed in context of previous and more recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Kilpatrick
- College of Education, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, USA.
| | - Gianna F Mastrofini
- College of Education, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Paul P Sheriff
- College of Education, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Caitlin L McCluggage
- College of Education, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Korte
- College of Education, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Zachary Zenko
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Bakersfield, USA
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Greene DR, Holland-Winkler AM, Petruzzello SJ. Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Moderate and High-Intensity Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Individuals with Subsyndromal PTSD. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:138. [PMID: 38787007 PMCID: PMC11125787 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This crossover randomized controlled trial examined the acute psychological effects of a bout of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (MICE) and a bout of high-intensity functional exercise (HIFE), relative to a no-exercise sedentary control (SED), in participants (N = 21; 15 f; 24.7 ± 9.3 years) with subsyndromal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Affective state (Energy, Tiredness, Tension, Calmness) was assessed before (Pre), immediately after (Post 0), 20-min after (Post 20), and 40-min after (Post 40) each condition. Affective valence was assessed during each condition, and exercise enjoyment was assessed at Post 0. Enjoyment was significantly greater following HIFE and MICE relative to SED. Energy was significantly increased Post 0 HIFE and MICE but decreased Post 0 SED. Tension was reduced following all conditions and was significantly lower at Post 40 relative to Pre for HIFE, MICE, and SED. Tiredness was significantly reduced at Post 40 relative to Pre following MICE only, while Calmness was significantly lower at Post 40 relative to Pre following MICE and SED. Overall, both exercise conditions were enjoyed to a greater extent than the control, but MICE may provide greater psychological benefits with respect to Calmness and Tiredness. This study is among the first to assess acute changes in affective states relative to various exercise modes in individuals living with subsyndromal PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Greene
- Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, 3109 Wrightsboro Road, Augusta, GA 30909, USA;
| | | | - Steven J. Petruzzello
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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Poon ETC, Li HY, Gibala MJ, Wong SHS, Ho RST. High-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14652. [PMID: 38760916 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise interspersed with recovery periods. Previous studies have evaluated this exercise strategy with various population subgroups, regimens, and comparator groups, limiting the generalizability of findings. We performed a novel umbrella review to generate an up-to-date synthesis of the available evidence regarding the effect of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults as compared to non-exercise control and traditional continuous forms of exercise such as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews guideline. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched until February 2024. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses comparing HIIT and active/non-active control conditions were included. Literature search, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-four systematic reviews with meta-analyses, representing 429 primary studies and 12 967 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most of the systematic reviews received moderate-to-critically low AMSTAR-2 scores. The data showed that HIIT, including the particularly intense variant "sprint interval training" (SIT), significantly increases CRF in adults compared to non-exercise control (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.28 to 4.31; weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.25 to 5.5 mL/kg/min) and MICT (SMD: 0.18 to 0.99; WMD: 0.52 to 3.76 mL/kg/min). This effect was consistently observed across specific groups of individuals (e.g., apparently healthy adults, individuals with overweight/obesity, older adults, and high-level athletes) and HIIT modalities (e.g., low-volume HIIT, whole-body HIIT, home-based HIIT, aquatic HIIT, and short SIT). CONCLUSION Existing evidence from systematic reviews consistently supports the effect of HIIT on enhancing CRF in adults when compared to non-exercise control and MICT. Our findings offer a comprehensive basis that may potentially contribute to informing physical activity guidelines aimed at improving CRF in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Yat Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Duncombe SL, Barker AR, Price L, Walker JL, Koep JL, Woodforde J, Stylianou M. Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:49. [PMID: 38684991 PMCID: PMC11059682 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing body of research investigating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools, there are limited process evaluations investigating their implementation. This is concerning because process evaluations are important for appropriately interpreting outcome findings and augmenting intervention design. This manuscript presents a process evaluation of Making a HIIT, a school-based HIIT intervention. METHODS The Making a HIIT intervention spanned 8 weeks and was completed at three schools in Greater Brisbane, Australia. Ten classes (intervention group) completed 10-min teacher-led HIIT workouts at the beginning of health and physical education (HPE) lessons, and five classes (control group) continued with regular HPE lessons. The mixed methods evaluation was guided by the Framework for Effective Implementation by Durlak and DuPre. RESULTS Program reach: Ten schools were contacted to successfully recruit three schools, from which 79% of eligible students (n = 308, x ¯ age: 13.0 ± 0.6 years, 148 girls) provided consent. Dosage: The average number of HIIT workouts provided was 10 ± 3 and the average number attended by students was 6 ± 2. Fidelity: During HIIT workouts, the percentage of time students spent at ≥ 80% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) was 55% (interquartile range (IQR): 29%-76%). Monitoring of the control group: During lessons, the intervention and control groups spent 32% (IQR: 12%-54%) and 28% (IQR: 13%-46%) of their HPE lesson at ≥ 80% of HRmax, respectively. Responsiveness: On average, students rated their enjoyment of HIIT workouts as 3.3 ± 1.1 (neutral) on a 5-point scale. Quality: Teachers found the HIIT workouts simple to implement but provided insights into the time implications of integrating them into their lessons; elements that helped facilitate their implementation; and their use within the classroom. Differentiation: Making a HIIT involved students and teachers in the co-design of HIIT workouts. Adaption: Workouts were modified due to location and weather, the complexity of exercises, and time constraints. CONCLUSION The comprehensive evaluation of Making a HIIT provides important insights into the implementation of school-based HIIT, including encouragings findings for student enjoyment and fidelity and recommendations for improving dosage that should be considered when developing future interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN, ACTRN12622000534785 , Registered 5 April 2022 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Duncombe
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Price
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Walker
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jodie L Koep
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - James Woodforde
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michalis Stylianou
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Gaia JWP, Schuch FB, Ferreira RW, Souza EDL, Ferreira VMS, Pires DA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14618. [PMID: 38566446 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Wélington Pereira Gaia
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Weyll Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edielen de Lima Souza
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez Pires
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
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Sun F. Frontiers and hotspots of high-intensity interval exercise in children and adolescents: text mining and knowledge domain visualization. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1330578. [PMID: 38510943 PMCID: PMC10952003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1330578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During the past two decades, research on high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents has steadily accumulated, especially on the subthemes of improving cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health. However, there is still little scientific understanding of using scientometric analysis to establish knowledge maps. Exploring the relationship between known and new emerging ideas and their potential value has theoretical and practical implications in the context of a researcher's limited ability to read, analyze, and synthesize all published works. Objective: First, this study aims to provide extensive information on HIIE research in children and adolescents, including authors, institutions, countries, journals, and references. Second, the objective is to use co-occurrence, burst, and co-citation analyses based on hybrid node types to reveal hotspots and forecast frontiers for HIIE research in children and adolescents. Methods: Using the bibliographic data of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the data source, publications, authors, and journals were analyzed with the help of bibliometric methods and visualization tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Pajek, and Bibliometrix R package. Authorial, institutional, and national collaboration networks were plotted, along with research hotspots and research frontiers based on keyword bursts and document co-citations. Results: This study found that executive function, high-intensity interval training, heart rate variability, and insulin resistance are emerging research topics; high-intensity training, mental health, exercise intensity, and cardiometabolic risk factors are continual frontier research areas in the subthemes. Conclusion: Our study has three novel contributions. First, it explicitly and directly reflects the research history and current situation of the HIIE intervention strategy in children and adolescents. This approach makes it clear and easy to trace the origin and development of this strategy in specific groups of children and adolescents. Second, it analyzes the research hotspots of HIIE in the field and predicts the research frontiers and development trends, which will help researchers get a deeper understanding of HIIE and pediatric health research. Third, the findings will enable researchers to pinpoint the most influential scholars, institutions, journals, and references in the field, increasing the possibility of future collaborations between authors, institutions, and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Sun
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Nordén KR, Semb AG, Dagfinrud H, Hisdal J, Sexton J, Fongen C, Bakke E, Ødegård S, Skandsen J, Blanck T, Metsios GS, Tveter AT. Effect of high-intensity interval training in physiotherapy primary care for patients with inflammatory arthritis: the ExeHeart randomised controlled trial. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003440. [PMID: 38242550 PMCID: PMC10806524 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) delivered in physiotherapy primary care on the primary outcome of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Additionally, to explore the effects of HIIT on secondary outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and disease activity. METHODS Single-blinded randomised controlled trial with 60 patients randomly assigned to either a control group receiving usual care or an exercise group receiving usual care and 12 weeks of individualised HIIT at 90%-95% peak heart rate. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months post baseline and included CRF measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), classic CVD risk factors, disease activity, anthropometry and patient-reported physical activity, pain, fatigue, disease impact and exercise beliefs and self-efficacy. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated a significant between-group difference in VO2peak at 3 months (2.5 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.0) and 6 months (2.6 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.8 to 4.3) in favour of the exercise group. A beneficial change in self-reported physical activity in favour of the exercise group was observed at 3 and 6 months. The HIIT intervention was well-tolerated with minimal adverse events and no apparent impact on disease activity. Differences in secondary outcomes related to CVD risk factors, disease impact, pain, fatigue and exercise beliefs and self-efficacy were generally small and non-significant. CONCLUSION After 12 weeks of supervised HIIT delivered in physiotherapy primary care, patients with IA demonstrated a favourable improvement in CRF, with sustained effects at 6-month follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04922840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Røren Nordén
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Health Services Research and Innovation Unit, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Health Services Research and Innovation Unit, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Fongen
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Health Services Research and Innovation Unit, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie Bakke
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Health Services Research and Innovation Unit, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Ødegård
- Norwegian National Unit for Rehabilitation for Rheumatic Patients with Special Needs, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Skandsen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thalita Blanck
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - George S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Health Services Research and Innovation Unit, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Akershus, Norway
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Wang C, Xu Y, Zhang L, Fan W, Liu Z, Yong M, Wu L. Comparative efficacy of different exercise methods to improve cardiopulmonary function in stroke patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1288032. [PMID: 38313560 PMCID: PMC10836840 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1288032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although some studies have shown that exercise has a good effect on improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients, it still needs to be determined which exercise method does this more effectively. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different exercise methods in improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients through a network meta-analysis (NMA), providing a basis to select the best treatment plan for stroke patients. Methods We systematically searched CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases from establishment to 30 April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) on exercise improving cardiopulmonary function in stroke patients were included, and we screened the included articles and extracted the relevant data. RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 17.0) were used for data analysis. Results We included 35 RCTs and a total of 2,008 subjects. Intervention measures included high-intensity interval training (HIIT), aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE), and conventional therapy (CT). In the network meta-analysis, the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) ranking result indicated that HIIT improved peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and 6 mins walking distance (6MWD) optimally, with rankings of HIIT (100.0%) > CE (70.5%) > AT (50.2%) > RT (27.7%) > CT (1.6%), and HIIT (90.9%) > RT (60.6%) > AT (48.9%) > RT (48.1%) > CT (1.5%), respectively. The SUCRA ranking result showed that CE improved systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) optimally, with rankings of CE (82.1%) > HIIT (49.8%) > AT (35.3%) > CT (32.8%), and CE (86.7%) > AT (45.0%) > HIIT (39.5%) > CT (28.8%), respectively. Conclusion We showed that exercise can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients. HIIT was the most effective in improving VO2peak and 6MWD in stroke patients. CE was the most effective in improving SBP and DBP in stroke patients. However, due to the limitations of existing clinical studies and evidence, larger sample size, multi-center, and high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusions in the future. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42023436773].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zejian Liu
- Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjin Yong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Khatri RA, Baumgartner NW, Noh K, Ullrich-French S, Schmitt S, Wang CH, Kao SC. Mindfulness induction and executive function after high-intensity interval training with and without mindful recovery intervals. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14558. [PMID: 38268064 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the effect of incorporating mindfulness-based activities into the recovery intervals of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mindfulness induction and subsequent executive function performance. DESIGNS A within-subject crossover trial. METHODS Forty adults participated in two experimental conditions, including a 30-min bout of HIIT involving mindfulness recovery intervals (Mindful) and a 30-min bout of HIIT without mindfulness recovery intervals (Non-mindful), on two separate days in counterbalanced order. Before and after each condition, participants completed the flanker task, switch-flanker task, and n-back task to measure inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, respectively. RESULTS A higher level of mindfulness state was observed following the Mindful condition than the Non-mindful condition. Dispositional mindfulness was positively correlated with the level of the mindful state only during the Mindful condition but not the Non-mindful condition. The switch-flanker response accuracy was improved from the pretest to posttest during the Non-mindful condition but remained unchanged over time during the Mindful condition. Time-related improvements in the flanker and n-back task outcomes were observed for both the Mindful and Non-mindful conditions and did not differ between conditions. CONCLUSION Although incorporating mindfulness-based activities during the recovery intervals of HIIT successfully led to greater state-related mindfulness, such a heightened mindful state did not correspond with additional modulation in inhibitory control and working memory performance while attenuating HIIT-related positive changes in task performance requiring cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida A Khatri
- Department of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Kyoungmin Noh
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarah Ullrich-French
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Schmitt
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health & Leisure Studies, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Knappett H, Haines M. Effects of Time-Efficient Occupational Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e785-e790. [PMID: 37757773 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For a cohort of operational firefighters, we assessed the effects of workplace-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Fifteen firefighters performed HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training for 4 weeks. Outcomes were peak oxygen uptake, time trial performance, and affective (pleasure/displeasure) responses to exercise. RESULTS There was an increase in peak oxygen uptake for both conditions, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06, η2 = 0.26) and time trial performance improved for both groups (2%, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.51). Affective responses were more favorable for HIIT, but both conditions avoided excessive sensations of displeasure. CONCLUSION Results suggest that workplace-based HIIT improved fitness and performance to a similar magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous training while avoiding overly negative affective responses and could improve occupational health of firefighters, despite reduced time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Knappett
- From the Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport, and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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Ricci JM, Currie KD, Astorino TA, Erickson K, Pfeiffer KA. Program Evaluation and Preliminary Efficacy of Fitness and Skill-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Physical Education. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:1042-1052. [PMID: 36048481 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions have focused on the quantity of physical activity (PA) achieved during physical education (PE) rather than students' PE experiences, including enjoyment. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a fitness- and skill based HIIT intervention guided by the Self Determination Theory. Method: For this pretest-posttest randomized controlled 6-week pilot study, 4-5th grade students (15 boys, 30 girls; age = 10.5 ± 0.9 years) completed a 16-19-minute HIIT circuit (INT); whereas, 22 students (10 boys, 12 girls; age = 10.5 ± 0.9 years) engaged in regular PE (CON). Two-way mixed ANCOVA tests were performed to assess preliminary efficacy. Results: Participants reported favorable program satisfaction (mean 3.6 ± 1.5 out of 5). The physical educator reported a high feasibility survey score (31/35), and themes emerging from a program acceptability interview included positive perceptions of the HIIT program and strategies for future implementation. A large effect size was evident for cardiorespiratory fitness (ηp2 = 0.26), as VO2peak increased in INT from 53.6 ± 6.1 to 56.9 ± 7.3 ml/kg/min and decreased in CON (53.9 ± 7.0 to 52.4 ± 10.4 ml/kg/min). Students in INT exhibited greater amounts of moderate-to-vigorous PA and vigorous PA during PE versus CON, based on accelerometer data (23.4 ± 5.0 vs. 15.7 ± 4.7 min/hr, ηp2 = 0.45; 4.5 ± 2.6 vs. 2.3 ± 1.3 min/hr; ηp2 = 0.27, respectively). Conclusions: Findings support the feasibility of this fitness- and skill-based HIIT program and may be a valuable addition to elementary school PE programs.
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Santos A, Braaten K, MacPherson M, Vasconcellos D, Vis-Dunbar M, Lonsdale C, Lubans D, Jung ME. Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training: a systematic review and Meta-analyses. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:134. [PMID: 37990239 PMCID: PMC10664287 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine rates of compliance (i.e., supervised intervention attendance) and adherence (i.e., unsupervised physical activity completion) to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition, and determine whether compliance and adherence rates were different between HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS Articles on adults in a HIIT intervention and who were either insufficiently active or had a medical condition were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Article screening and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 or ROBINS-I. Meta-analyses were conducted to discern differences in compliance and adherence between HIIT vs. MICT. Sensitivity analyses, publication bias, sub-group analyses, and quality appraisal were conducted for each meta-analysis. RESULTS One hundred eighty-eight unique studies were included (n = 8928 participants). Compliance to HIIT interventions averaged 89.4% (SD:11.8%), while adherence to HIIT averaged 63% (SD: 21.1%). Compliance and adherence to MICT averaged 92.5% (SD:10.6%) and 68.2% (SD:16.2%), respectively. Based on 65 studies included in the meta-analysis, compliance rates were not different between supervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = 0.015 (95%CI: - 0.088-0.118), p = .78]. Results were robust and low risk of publication bias was detected. No differences were detected based on sub-group analyses comparing medical conditions or risk of bias of studies. Quality of the evidence was rated as moderate over concerns in the directness of the evidence. Based on 10 studies, adherence rates were not different between unsupervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = - 0.313 (95%CI: - 0.681-0.056), p = .096]. Sub-group analysis points to differences in adherence rates dependent on the method of outcome measurement. Adherence results should be interpreted with caution due to very low quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Compliance to HIIT and MICT was high among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition. Adherence to HIIT and MICT was relatively moderate, although there was high heterogeneity and very low quality of evidence. Further research should take into consideration exercise protocols employed, methods of outcome measurement, and measurement timepoints. REGISTRATION This review was registered in the PROSPERO database and given the identifier CRD42019103313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Santos
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyra Braaten
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan MacPherson
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diego Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lubans
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mary E Jung
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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Stork MJ, Santos A, Locke SR, Little JP, Jung ME. Can In-Task Affect During Interval and Continuous Exercise Predict 12-Month Physical Activity Behavior? Findings from a Randomized Trial. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10224-8. [PMID: 37828344 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-task affective responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) have been shown to predict future physical activity behavior. However, limited research has investigated whether this affect-behavior relationship is similar for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and whether it holds true over the longer term. This study aims to determine (1) if in-task affect during 2 weeks of supervised MICT and HIIT predicted changes to unsupervised moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior 12 months post-intervention and (2) if this predictive relationship was moderated by exercise type (MICT vs. HIIT). METHOD Ninety-nine adults (69.7% female; 50.9 ± 9.4 years) who were low active and overweight were randomized to 2 weeks of exercise training of MICT (n = 52) or HIIT (n = 47), followed by 12 months of accelerometry-assessed free-living MVPA. RESULTS The pooled moderation model was not significant, F(3, 94) = 2.54, p = .07 (R2 = 0.085), with a non-significant group by affect interaction (p = .06). The conditional effect for MICT was significant (B = 17.27, t = 2.17, p = .03), suggesting that 12-month change in MVPA increased by 17.27 min/week for every one-point increase in in-task affect. The conditional effect for HIIT was not significant (p = .85), suggesting that in-task affect was not predictive of 12-month change in MVPA. CONCLUSION The current findings raise important questions about whether the affect-behavior relationship may vary depending on exercise type. For HIIT-based exercise in particular, additional psychological constructs beyond in-task affect should be considered when attempting to predict future physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Stork
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Santos
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sean R Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Yin M, Chen Z, Nassis GP, Liu H, Li H, Deng J, Li Y. Chronic high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training are both effective in increasing maximum fat oxidation during exercise in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:354-365. [PMID: 37701124 PMCID: PMC10494468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective to (1) systematically review the chronic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) in overweight and obese adults, and (2) explore MFO influencing factors and its dose-response relationships with HIIT and MICT. Methods Studies using a between-group design involving overweight and obese adults and assessing the effect of HIIT and MICT on MFO were included. A meta-analysis on MFO indices was conducted, and the observed heterogeneities were explored through subgroup, regression, and sensitivity analyses. Results Thirteen studies of moderate to high quality with a total of 519 overweight and obese subjects were included in this meta-analysis (HIIT, n = 136; MICT, n = 235; Control, n = 148). HIIT displayed a statistically significant favorable effect on MFO compared to no-training (MD = 0.07; 95%CI [0.03 to 0.11]; I2 = 0%). Likewise, MICT displayed a statistically significant favorable effect on MFO compared to no-training (MD = 0.10; 95%CI [0.06 to 0.15]; I2 = 95%). Subgroup and regression analyses revealed that exercise intensity (Fatmax vs. non-Fatmax; %VO2peak), exercise mode, BMI, and VO2peak all significantly moderated MICT on MFO. When analyzing studies that have directly compared HIIT and MCIT in obese people, it seems there is no difference in the MFO change (MD = 0.01; 95%CI [-0.02 to 0.04]; I2 = 64%). No publication bias was found in any of the above meta-analyses (Egger's test p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Both HIIT and MICT are effective in improving MFO in overweight and obese adults, and they have similar effects. MCIT with an intensity of 65-70% VO2peak, performed 3 times per week for 60 min per session, will optimize MFO increases in overweight and obese adults. Given the lack of studies examining the effect of HIIT on MFO in overweight and obese adults and the great diversity in the training protocols in the existing studies, we were unable to make sound recommendations for training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - George P. Nassis
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hengxian Liu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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22
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Sluka KA, Wager TD, Sutherland SP, Labosky PA, Balach T, Bayman EO, Berardi G, Brummett CM, Burns J, Buvanendran A, Caffo B, Calhoun VD, Clauw D, Chang A, Coffey CS, Dailey DL, Ecklund D, Fiehn O, Fisch KM, Frey Law LA, Harris RE, Harte SE, Howard TD, Jacobs J, Jacobs JM, Jepsen K, Johnston N, Langefeld CD, Laurent LC, Lenzi R, Lindquist MA, Lokshin A, Kahn A, McCarthy RJ, Olivier M, Porter L, Qian WJ, Sankar CA, Satterlee J, Swensen AC, Vance CG, Waljee J, Wandner LD, Williams DA, Wixson RL, Zhou XJ. Predicting chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence and a novel program to develop predictive biomarker signatures. Pain 2023; 164:1912-1926. [PMID: 37326643 PMCID: PMC10436361 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain affects more than 50 million Americans. Treatments remain inadequate, in large part, because the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of chronic pain remain poorly understood. Pain biomarkers could potentially identify and measure biological pathways and phenotypical expressions that are altered by pain, provide insight into biological treatment targets, and help identify at-risk patients who might benefit from early intervention. Biomarkers are used to diagnose, track, and treat other diseases, but no validated clinical biomarkers exist yet for chronic pain. To address this problem, the National Institutes of Health Common Fund launched the Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures (A2CPS) program to evaluate candidate biomarkers, develop them into biosignatures, and discover novel biomarkers for chronification of pain after surgery. This article discusses candidate biomarkers identified by A2CPS for evaluation, including genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, neuroimaging, psychophysical, psychological, and behavioral measures. Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures will provide the most comprehensive investigation of biomarkers for the transition to chronic postsurgical pain undertaken to date. Data and analytic resources generatedby A2CPS will be shared with the scientific community in hopes that other investigators will extract valuable insights beyond A2CPS's initial findings. This article will review the identified biomarkers and rationale for including them, the current state of the science on biomarkers of the transition from acute to chronic pain, gaps in the literature, and how A2CPS will address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tor D. Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Stephani P. Sutherland
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Schools of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patricia A. Labosky
- Office of Strategic Coordination, Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tessa Balach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Emine O. Bayman
- Clinical Trials and Data Management Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Giovanni Berardi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chad M. Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John Burns
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Brian Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Schools of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daniel Clauw
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christopher S. Coffey
- Clinical Trials and Data Management Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dana L. Dailey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dixie Ecklund
- Clinical Trials and Data Management Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laura A. Frey Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Richard E. Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College, CHicago, IL
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Lenzi
- Office of Strategic Coordination, Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martin A. Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Schools of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Ari Kahn
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas, AUstin, TX
| | | | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winstom-Salem, NC
| | - Linda Porter
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
- Office of Pain Policy and Planning National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Cheryse A. Sankar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Adam C. Swensen
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Carol G.T. Vance
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jennifer Waljee
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Laura D. Wandner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - David A. Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Racil G, Russo L, Migliaccio GM, Signorelli P, Larion A, Padulo J, Jlid MC. High-Intensity Interval Training in Female Adolescents with Moderate or Severe Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1495. [PMID: 37761456 PMCID: PMC10528164 DOI: 10.3390/children10091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate- or high-intensity interval training (MIIT or HIIT) on anthropometric and biological measurements in four groups of females with obesity. Fifty-seven participants were divided into a moderate obesity group (MOG, n = 29) and a severe obesity group (SOG, n = 28). Two sub-groups were established to practice HIIT and MIIT programs (SOGHI, n = 14; SOGMI, n = 14; MOGHI, n = 14; MOGMI, n = 15). During the training sessions, each group performed two sets of 4 × 1 min intervals on a cycle ergometer. The intervals were conducted at 65% and 85% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) for MIIT and HIIT, respectively. Between each repetition, there was an active recovery phase at 50% HRR, and, between sets, there was a 4 min period of free pedaling. All groups significantly improved their anthropometric data, while only MOGHI and SOGHI significantly improved their lean body mass (LBM) and blood lactate (BL), with p ˂ 0.05; the higher percentage of change in blood insulin levels (-25.49 and -25.34) and the homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index (-31.42 and -28.88) were noted. Only MOGHI showed improvements in growth hormone (GH) and blood glucose (p < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r = -0.76 and r = -0.72) and waist circumference (r = -0.77 and r = -0.82), respectively. We may conclude that HIIT was an effective method of managing anthropometric and biological parameters, as confirmed by the pronounced body fat reduction in the moderate obesity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01) “Sport Performance, Health & Society” Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 1000, Tunisia; (G.R.); (M.C.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy;
| | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Chedly Jlid
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01) “Sport Performance, Health & Society” Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 1000, Tunisia; (G.R.); (M.C.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
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24
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Feng ZT, Mao ZX, Liu FB, Ou XW. Time course efficiency of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control and HRV in adolescents with obesity and different cardiorespiratory fitness. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1242190. [PMID: 37663339 PMCID: PMC10470641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1242190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent obesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control. Acute exercise can improve executive function. However, due to the influence of exercise intensity, cognitive test timing, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) level, the most effective exercise program remains controversial. Methods The current study investigated the time-course effects of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on inhibitory control (Stroop) and task-related heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents with different CF. A mixed experimental design of 2 CF levels (high CF, HCF; low CF, LCF) × 3 exercise methods (MICE, HIIE, CON) × 3 test timing (pre, post-0, post-20) was adopted. Heart rate variability (HRV) and Stroop task tests were conducted before exercise (pre), immediately after exercise (post-0), and 20 min after exercise (post-20). Results Individuals with HCF exhibited a positive decrease in Stroop response time immediately and 20 min after MICE and HIIE, compared to pretest response times (RT). Conversely, individuals with LCF showed a slight increase in Stroop task (RT) only immediately after HIIE. All individuals had a slight increase in ACC after MICE and HIIE compared to before exercise. In addition, compared with the control group, the time-domain index (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals, RMSSD) of HRV was significantly decreased, the frequency-domain index (the absolute power of the Low-Frequency band/the absolute power of the High-Frequency band ratio, LF/HF) was significantly increased after MICE and HIIE, and the effect of HIIE on RMSSD and LF/HF was significantly greater than that of MICE. Conclusion The current study found that the acute effects of MICE and HIIE on inhibitory control in obese adolescents were influenced by the interaction of cognitive test timing and cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness performed better on the Stroop task than individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness. The inhibitory control of HIIE in high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents produced positive effects similar to those in MICE but more lasting, suggesting that HIIE is more beneficial for high-cardiorespiratory obese adolescents. MICE promoted inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness, but HIIE impaired inhibitory control in obese adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness immediately after exercise, suggesting that low cardiopulmonary fitness obese adolescents may be suitable for MICE rather than HIIE exercise intervention. The shift from balanced HRV to sympathetic dominance after acute exercise reflects increased arousal levels and may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which acute exercise brings benefits to executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Tao Feng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Mao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Bo Liu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ou
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
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25
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Dunston ER, Taylor K. Psychological and Physiological Responses Across Six Weeks of HIIT and MICT in Previously Inactive, Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:756-769. [PMID: 37650003 PMCID: PMC10464759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is suggested as a public health strategy to increase engagement in, and adherence to, physical activity. However, debate exists regarding the efficacy in inactive individuals. PURPOSE To determine the physiological and psychological responses to three weeks of supervised and three weeks of unsupervised HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in previously inactive adults. METHODS Young adults (n = 20; 21.4 ± 2.2 years; 13 females) were randomized to six weeks of HIIT or MICT. Pre- and post-testing included anthropometric measures, an incremental exercise test, and body composition. Psychological outcomes (i.e., perceived competence, self-efficacy, and enjoyment) were assessed at the end of the first, ninth, and eighteenth training sessions. Differences in physiological outcomes were analyzed using repeated measures factorial ANCOVAs. Differences in psychological outcomes were analyzed using repeated measures factorial ANOVAs. RESULTS Maximal oxygen consumption (Δ 2.8 ml·kg-1·min-1; p = .03) and peak power output (Δ 20.2 W; p = .01) improved over time with no group differences (p > .05). No changes occurred in body composition or self-efficacy (p ≥ .27). Perceived competence increased with supervised training (p = .01) with no further increases during unsupervised training. There was no difference in enjoyment across supervised training (p = .07), but enjoyment decreased during unsupervised training (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Cardiorespiratory fitness improved comparably for HIIT and MICT but with a shorter time commitment for HIIT. Perceived competence increased across supervised training suggesting it may be important to provide support at the beginning of an exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Dunston
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA
| | - Katrina Taylor
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA
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26
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Gropper H, John JM, Sudeck G, Thiel A. "I just had the feeling that the interval training is more beneficial": young adults' subjective experiences of physical fitness and the role of training modes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1115944. [PMID: 37255731 PMCID: PMC10225535 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1115944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Compelling evidence has shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is associated with substantial increases in physical fitness. However, little is known about whether and how individuals experience these adaptations over time. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to explore how physically inactive young adults subjectively experience physical fitness and its development as they start to exercise and how these experiences relate to different intensity domains (i.e., moderate and severe) as well as to training modes [i.e., HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT)] and their sequential administration (i.e., HIIT-MICT and MICT-HIIT). Methods Thirty-one inactive participants completed a 15-week two-period sequential exercise intervention in which they first trained for six weeks in a HIIT or a MICT group and subsequently switched training modes. Interviews using the biographical mapping method were conducted at the end of the intervention to assess participants' exercise- and fitness-related experiences over the past weeks. To assess experiential patterns, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis. Results We developed three themes that represent the temporal and processual character of starting to exercise after a prolonged period of inactivity: (1) Inactive young adults are not all the same when starting to exercise; (2) Developing physical fitness is a multi-faceted and individual experience; and (3) Feeling physically fit (or not) fosters large-scale effects. Conclusion Our results show that, in retrospect, participants mostly deemed HIIT to be more effective than MICT. Our findings also emphasize that physical fitness is a complex and subjective experience that manifests in various ways over time. The idiosyncrasy of physical fitness experiences reiterates the necessity for individually tailored exercise prescriptions instead of one-size-fits-all approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gropper
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jannika M. John
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Ekkekakis P, Vallance J, Wilson PM, Ewing Garber C. Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): III. Critical analysis of four foundational arguments from an interdisciplinary lens. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 66:102399. [PMID: 37665861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesiology aspires to be an integrated, interdisciplinary field that studies human movement from multiple perspectives. However, the main societal deliverables of the field, namely exercise prescriptions and physical activity recommendations, still reflect fragmentation, placing more emphasis on physiological outcomes than on behavioral and other considerations. Recently, researchers have called for the introduction of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to the domain of public health, based on the argument that HIIT can maximize fitness and health benefits for a fraction of the time recommended by the prevailing model of physical activity in public-health guidelines. Here, we show that an unintended side-effect of arguments underpinning the implementation of HIIT in the domain of public health might have been the exacerbation of segmentation. To highlight the value of interdisciplinarity, four foundational claims in support of HIIT are critiqued by tapping into cognate literatures: (1) the primary reason people do not exercise is lack of time, (2) HIIT is relevant to public health, (3) HIIT is being proposed as merely another option, so there is no basis for controversy, and (4) HIIT is safe and well tolerated. These claims are contradicted by credible lines of evidence. To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of its public claims, kinesiology should remain committed to the ideals of integration and interdisciplinarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Canada
| | | | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
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28
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Amatori S, Ferri Marini C, Gobbi E, Sisti D, Giombini G, Rombaldoni R, Rocchi MBL, Lucertini F, Federici A, Perroni F, Calcagnini G. Short High-Intensity Interval Exercise for Workplace-Based Physical Activity Interventions: A Systematic Review on Feasibility and Effectiveness. Sports Med 2023; 53:887-901. [PMID: 36840913 PMCID: PMC10036456 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace exercise interventions showed good results, but lack of time was often reported as a barrier to participation. To overcome this problem, several studies attempted to implement short high-intensity interval training (HIT) within the workplace. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review is to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of HIT interventions within the workplace setting. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and SPORTDiscus to identify articles related to HIT within the workplace. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only interventions that consisted of HIT programmes within the workplace and tested at least one physiological, psychological, or work-related outcome were included. RESULTS Seven studies (317 participants) met the inclusion criteria. HIT interventions lasted 6-12 weeks, with a frequency of 2-4 sessions/week and a duration of 8-30 min per session. Feasibility was qualitatively investigated in four studies, with key positive aspects reported for HIT time-appeal, the sense of competence driven by individual intensity, and improved intention to exercise; five studies reported adherence rates > 80%. Small-to-large effect sizes were reported for improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Small-to-medium effect sizes were reported for blood parameters and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS HIT interventions in the workplace showed limited effectiveness in improving health-related outcomes, while promising results regarding feasibility were reported, mainly due to the time-efficiency and the positive post-exercise psychosocial responses. However, further high-quality studies involving more participants are still needed to make firm conclusions on HIT effectiveness and feasibility compared to other types of exercise in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Erica Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Germana Giombini
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rombaldoni
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Perroni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Calcagnini
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Li Z, Liu Y, Han X, Zhou Z. Effects of running-based versus body-weight-based high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in healthy adolescents. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1060216. [PMID: 36969578 PMCID: PMC10036788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1060216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: High-intensity interval training improves aerobic endurance, but the effectiveness of different training protocols is unclear. This study compared the effects of running-based high-intensity interval training (R-HIIT) and body weight-based high-intensity interval training (B-HIIT) on physical fitness in adolescents. Methods: This was a pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design in which a seventh-grade natural class was randomly selected from three homogeneous middle schools, and then the three natural classes were randomly divided into three groups: the R-HIIT group (n = 54), the B-HIIT group (n = 55), and the control group (Con, n = 57). Both intervention groups exercised twice a week for 12 weeks with a 2:1 (1 min:30 s) load-interval ratio and exercise intensity controlled at 70%-85% maximum heart rate. R-HIIT was in the form of running, and B-HIIT was in the form of resistance exercises using the participants' body weight. The control group was instructed to continue their normal behavior. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, and speed were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Compared to the baseline, both the R-HIIT and B-HIIT intervention groups significantly improved CRF, muscle strength, and speed (p < 0.05). The B-HIIT group was significantly better than R-HIIT in improving CRF (4.48 mL/kg/min vs 3.34 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), and only the B-HIIT improved sit-up muscle endurance (ηp 2 = 0.30, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The B-HIIT protocol was significantly more effective than the R-HIIT protocol in developing CRF and improving muscle health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hebei Institute of International Business and Economics, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Coaching Science, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Bento A, Carrasco L, Raimundo A. Mediating Effect of Motivation on the Relationship of Fitness with Volitional High-Intensity Exercise in High-School Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060800. [PMID: 36981457 PMCID: PMC10048690 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and motivation in adolescents and analyze if the associations of physical fitness with volitional exercise intensity in adolescents are mediated by motivation. The participants were 108 adolescents (58 girls 16.0 ± 0.92 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the Yo-YoITL1, and the push-up test was used to evaluate strength. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The intervention was applied in the first 10-15 min of each Physical Education class (PEC), twice a week, for 16 weeks and ranged from 14 to 20 all-out bouts intervals, adopting a 2:1 work to rest ratio. A cut-point of ≥90% of the maximal heart rate (HR) was used as a criterion for satisfactory compliance with high-intensity exercise. Volition intensity was assessed through a forearm wearable plethysmography heart rate sensor to ensure compliance with the exercise stimulus at the predetermined target HR zone. Motivation was estimated with a validated questionnaire (BREQ-3). Mediation effects were estimated using bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and were deemed significant if zero was not included in the intervals, and values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The mediation analysis revealed a non-significant indirect effect of physical fitness through motivation on exercise intensity, specifically on CRF (B = -0.0355, 95% BootCI [-0.5838; 0.4559]), muscular fitness (B = -0.7284, 95% BootCI [-2.0272; 0.2219]) and body fat (B = 0.5092, 95% BootCI [-0.4756; 1.6934]). These results suggest that high or low values of motivation did not increase or decrease volitional high-intensity exercise, and lower levels of fitness (CRF, muscular and body fat) were associated with higher volitional exercise intensity. These findings highlight the need for regular moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise for maintaining or improving physical fitness, regardless of motivation regulations, and emphasize the importance of new strategies in PEC with acute vigorous-intensity activities that retain the health-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bento
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Sport and Health, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luis Carrasco
- BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Pirotecnia St., E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Sport and Health, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
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Dierkes K, Rösel I, Giel KE, Thiel A, Sudeck G. Does Exercise Modality Matter Affectively? Contrasting Type and Sequence of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training in a Randomized Within-Subject Study. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:84-97. [PMID: 36876187 PMCID: PMC9982541 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, affective determinants of exercise behavior have received increasing attention in research on health promotion and prevention. To date, however, little is known about changes in affective exercise determinants during multi-week training programs in insufficiently active individuals. This applies in particular to the currently discussed advantages and disadvantages of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with regard to the affective experience of these two training types (e.g., reduced monotony vs. more aversive response during HIIT), which is important for exercise adherence. Referring to the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), this within-subject study investigated changes in affective exercise determinants as a function of training type and sequence consisting of MICT and HIIT. Forty insufficiently active healthy adults (M age = 27 ± 6 years; 72% women) underwent two 6-week training periods in a randomized sequence (MICT - HIIT vs. HIIT - MICT) within 15 weeks. Pre-post questionnaires and in-situ measurements, during and after a standardized vigorous-intensity continuous exercise session (VICE), were used to assess affective attitude, intrinsic motivation, in-task affective valence, as well as post-exercise enjoyment. These four affect-related constructs were collected before, between, and after the two training periods. Mixed models revealed a significant effect for training sequence (p = 0.011) - but not for training type (p = 0.045; non-significant after Bonferroni alpha adjustment) - on changes in in-task affective valence in favor of the MICT - HIIT sequence. Moreover, no significant training type or sequence effects were found for the constructs of reflective processing: exercise enjoyment, affective attitude, and intrinsic motivation. Therefore, individual-based training recommendations should consider the effects of variety and training sequence to develop tailored interventions that lead to more positive affective experiences - in particular during exercise - and promote the maintenance of exercise behavior in previously inactive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dierkes
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inka Rösel
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Lau RWL, Kwan RLC, Cheng JCY, Hui SSC, Lam TP. Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Have Higher Metabolic Cost during High-Intensity Interval Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2155. [PMID: 36767522 PMCID: PMC9915977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are found to have a lower level of physical activity, and may have reduced exercise capacity due to spinal deformity. Previous study showed the benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), named E-Fit, which is specifically designed for patients with AIS to improve musculoskeletal health and psychological well-being. To optimize the beneficial effects of training, the current study aimed to investigate the appropriate exercise intensity and metabolic demand in patients with AIS when performing E-Fit. METHODS In all, 22 female subjects, 10 diagnosed with AIS and 12 gender-matched healthy controls, aged between 10 and 16 years, were recruited. Subjects were instructed to perform two trials of a seven min E-Fit. Breath-by-breath gas exchange parameters including oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR) and the rate of perceived exertion (PRE) were measured during exercise. Demographic data and clinical features of AIS and body composition were obtained. Metabolic demand between AIS and control groups was compared using MANOVA with covariates adjustment. RESULTS Patients with AIS had an earlier onset of menarche (p = 0.01), higher visceral adipose tissue (p = 0.04) and percentage body fat (p = 0.03) as compared to controls. Patients with AIS showed a significantly higher adjusted means of VO2 average in both the first (p = 0.014) and second trials (p = 0.011) of E-Fit. The adjusted mean of the highest measured VO2 was higher than healthy controls and reached statistical significance in the second trial (p = 0.004). Both the AIS and control group exercised at a similar percentage of VO2 peak (64.26% vs. 64.60%). CONCLUSION Patients with AIS showed higher oxygen consumption during E-Fit than heathy controls, which might indicate a higher metabolic cost. Patients with AIS could carry out exercise at a moderate exercise intensity similar to that of healthy controls, but special considerations in designing an exercise program, such as frequent rest intervals, would be useful to avoid fatigue among patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufina Wing-Lum Lau
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachel Lai-Chu Kwan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jack Chun-Yiu Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz-Ping Lam
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ekkekakis P, Biddle SJH. Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): IV. Is HIIT associated with higher long-term exercise adherence? PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102295. [PMID: 37665824 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonadherence to and dropout from regular exercise and physical activity are important reasons why the field of exercise science has yet to fulfill its promise of improving public health on a global scale. Researchers have claimed that High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a feasible and sustainable exercise modality that may result in higher long-term adherence than moderate-intensity continuous exercise. If true, this would be a breakthrough discovery that could unlock the potential of exercise as a health-promoting intervention. We performed a systematic search of the literature and identified eight trials comparing HIIT to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, all of which involved follow-up periods of at least 12 months (i.e., SWIFT, Small Steps for Big Changes, SAINTEX-CAD, SMARTEX-HF, Generation 100, FITR, OptimEx-Clin, HITTS). Findings from these trials demonstrate that, while unsupervised, individuals initially assigned to HIIT tend to exercise at lower-than-prescribed intensities and HIIT groups demonstrate no advantage in long-term adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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Xie L, Gou B, Bai S, Yang D, Zhang Z, Di X, Su C, Wang X, Wang K, Zhang J. Unsupervised cluster analysis reveals distinct subgroups in healthy population with different exercise responses of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:147-156. [PMID: 36688000 PMCID: PMC9827383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable attention has been paid to interindividual differences in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response to exercise. However, the complex multifactorial nature of CRF response variability poses a significant challenge to our understanding of this issue. We aimed to explore whether unsupervised clustering can take advantage of large amounts of clinical data and identify latent subgroups with different CRF exercise responses within a healthy population. Methods 252 healthy participants (99 men, 153 women; 36.8 ± 13.4 yr) completed moderate endurance training on 3 days/week for 4 months, with exercise intensity prescribed based on anaerobic threshold (AT). Detailed clinical measures, including resting vital signs, ECG, cardiorespiratory parameters, echocardiography, heart rate variability, spirometry and laboratory data, were obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Baseline phenotypic variables that were significantly correlated with CRF exercise response were identified and subjected to selection steps, leaving 10 minimally redundant variables, including age, BMI, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal heart rate, VO2 at AT as a percentage of VO2max, minute ventilation at AT, interventricular septal thickness of end-systole, E velocity, root mean square of heart rate variability, and hematocrit. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed on these variables to detect latent subgroups that may be associated with different CRF exercise responses. Results Unsupervised clustering revealed two mutually exclusive groups with distinct baseline phenotypes and CRF exercise responses. The two groups differed markedly in baseline characteristics, initial fitness, echocardiographic measurements, laboratory values, and heart rate variability parameters. A significant improvement in CRF following the 16-week endurance training, expressed by the absolute change in VO2max, was observed only in one of the two groups (3.42 ± 0.4 vs 0.58 ± 0.65 ml⋅kg-1∙min-1, P = 0.002). Assuming a minimal clinically important difference of 3.5 ml⋅kg-1∙min-1 in VO2max, the proportion of population response was 56.1% and 13.9% for group 1 and group 2, respectively (P<0.001). Although group 1 exhibited no significant improvement in CRF at group level, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (70.4 ± 7.8 vs 68.7 ± 7.2 mm Hg, P = 0.027) was observed. Conclusions Unsupervised learning based on dense phenotypic characteristics identified meaningful subgroups within a healthy population with different CRF responses following standardized aerobic training. Our model could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to develop personalized exercise prescriptions and optimize training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Physical Activity and Public Health, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shuwen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaohui Di
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chunwang Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Public Health, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China,Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, China.
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Lewis BA, Schuver K, Dunsiger S. Evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based combined high intensity interval and moderate intensity training program for increasing physical activity among low-active adults: A randomized pilot trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281985. [PMID: 36809292 PMCID: PMC9942957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intensity interval training (HIIT), which includes short bursts of high-intensity physical activity (PA) followed by recovery, can increase PA by addressing time barriers and improving PA enjoyment. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based HIIT intervention on PA. METHODS Low active adults (n = 47) were randomly assigned to a home-based HIIT intervention or wait-list control lasting 12 weeks. Participants in the HIIT intervention received motivational phone sessions based on Self-Determination Theory and accessed a website that included workout instructions and videos demonstrating proper form. RESULTS The HIIT intervention appears feasible based on retention, recruitment, adherence to the counseling sessions, follow-up rates, and the consumer satisfaction survey. HIIT participants reported more minutes of vigorous intensity PA at six weeks relative to control (no differences at 12 weeks). HIIT participants reported higher levels of self-efficacy for PA, enjoyment of PA, outcome expectations related to PA, and positive engagement with PA than the control. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for feasibility and possible efficacy of a home-based HIIT intervention for vigorous intensity PA; however, additional studies are needed with larger samples sizes to confirm efficacy of home-based HIIT interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Number: NCT03479177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Lewis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katie Schuver
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Høydal KL, Åsebø EKS, Dahl SL. Experiencing good results promotes positive feelings to high-intensity exercise among young adults: A qualitative study. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:959079. [DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.959079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionFrom a public health perspective, it is important to gain more insight into how people can be motivated to maintain effective exercise routines. It is a common belief that moderate-intensity exercise is more pleasant and enjoyable than high-intensity training. This study aims to provide insight into (1) participants' expectations and preferences for training intensity prior to training, (2) how longer-term participation affect participants' experience of endurance training with continuous moderate-intensity training and high-intensity interval training.Materials and methodsA total of 22 participants (14 women and eight men) between the ages of 21–30 volunteered for participation. Participants were randomized and divided into two equal groups. A total of 17 participants, nine women and eight men, completed the study. One group did moderate-intensity longer-lasting training and the other did high-intensity interval training. All participants completed three training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant before and after completing the training intervention. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. This study is a part of a larger study evaluating and comparing the effects on endurance capacity of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity training. Physiological data are previously published.ResultsThe results describe participants expectations prior to training, and how they experienced the actual training. The overall experience of training comprises several factors that work together. Both expectations and actual experiences (e.g., of physical pleasantness or unpleasantness, of positive or negative emotions, and of actual results from the training) contribute to the participants' overall experience of exercise.ConclusionThe major finding is that improved physical fitness was a stronger motivator than feelings of pleasantness. Experiencing good results seemed to downplay feelings of unpleasantness and reinforce positive feelings toward exercise. Lack of results reinforce negative feelings toward exercise. Participants reported high-intensity exercise as more unpleasant and exhaustive, but the interval training group were more satisfied and experienced the training as more motivating.
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Jabardo-Camprubí G, Bort-Roig J, Donat-Roca R, Milà-Villarroel R, Sitjà-Rabert M, McKenna J, Puig-Ribera A. A socio-ecological approach to reduce the physical activity drop-out ratio in primary care-based patients with type 2 diabetes: the SENWI study protocol for a randomized control trial. Trials 2022; 23:842. [PMID: 36192800 PMCID: PMC9531392 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is a key behaviour for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, healthcare professionals’ (HCP) recommendations (walking advice), which are short-term and individually focused, did not reduce the PA drop-out ratio in the long run. Using a socio-ecological model approach may contribute to reducing patient dropout and improving adherence to PA. The aim of this study is threefold: first, to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-driven Nordic walking intervention using a socio-ecological approach with T2DM patients in Spain; second, to explore the feasibility on the PA adherence process in T2DM patients while participating in the SENWI programme; and third, to understand the HCPs’ opinion regarding its applicability within the Spanish healthcare system. Methods A three-arm randomized control trial (n = 48 each group) will assess the efficacy of two primary care-based PA interventions (Nordic walking vs. Nordic walking plus socio-ecological approach; two sessions per week for twelve weeks) compared to a control group (usual HCPs’ walking advice on PA). Inclusion criteria will include physically inactive patients with T2DM, older than 40 years and without health contraindications to do PA. PA levels and drop-out ratio, quality of life and metabolic and health outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and at 9- and 21-month follow-ups. The effect of the different interventions will be assessed by a two-factor analysis of variance: treatment group vs time. Also, a two-factor ANOVA test will be performed with linear mixed models for repeated measures. A qualitative analysis using focus groups will explore the reasons for the (in)effectiveness of the new PA interventions. Qualitative outcomes will be assessed at post-intervention using thematic analysis. Discussion Compared with the general PA walking advice and Nordic walking prescriptions, integrating a socio-ecological approach into Spanish primary care visits could be an effective way to reduce the PA drop-out ratio and increase PA levels in patients with T2DM. Such interventions are necessary to understand the role that multiple socio-complex process in day-to-day PA behaviour has in patients with T2DM in the Spanish context. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05159089. Physical Activity Drop-out Ratio in Patients’ Living with Type 2 Diabetes. Prospectively registered on 15 December 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06742-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Jabardo-Camprubí
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain.
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain
| | - Rafel Donat-Roca
- School of Health Science UManresa, Sport Exercise and Human Movement (SEaMH), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Av. Universitaria 4-6, Manresa, Spain
| | - Raimon Milà-Villarroel
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Sitjà-Rabert
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jim McKenna
- School of Sport, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, Leeds, England
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain
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Ho FK, Zhou Z, Petermann-Rocha F, Para-Soto S, Boonpor J, Welsh P, Gill JMR, Gray SR, Sattar N, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C. Association Between Device-Measured Physical Activity and Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study of 94 739 UK Biobank Participants. Circulation 2022; 146:883-891. [PMID: 36036153 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of objectively measured physical activity (PA) have investigated acute cardiovascular outcomes but not heart failure (HF), an emerging chronic condition. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between device-measured PA and HF by intensity of PA. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 94 739 UK Biobank participants who had device-measured PA in 2013 to 2015 and were free from myocardial infarction and HF. PA was measured with a wrist-worn accelerometer, and time spent on light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity PA was extracted. Incident HF was ascertained from linked hospital and death records. Cox proportional hazard models with cubic penalized splines were used to study the associations, which were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Competing risk was handled with cause-specific hazard ratios. RESULTS The overall incidence of HF was 98.5 per 10 000 person-years over a median 6.1 years of follow-up. Compared with participants who undertook no moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA, those who performed 150 to 300 min/wk of moderate-intensity PA (hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.34-0.41]) and 75 to 150 min/wk of vigorous-intensity PA (hazard ratio, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.25-0.46]) were at lower HF risk. The association between vigorous-intensity PA and HF was reverse-J shaped with a potentially lower risk reduction above 150 min/wk. CONCLUSIONS Device-measured PA, especially moderate-intensity PA, was associated with a lower risk of HF. Current vigorous-intensity PA recommendations should be encouraged but not increased. In contrast, increasing moderate-intensity PA may be beneficial even among those meeting current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (F.K.H., Z.Z., F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.P.P.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (F.K.H., Z.Z., F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.P.P.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (F.K.H., Z.Z., F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.P.P.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile (F.P.-R.)
| | - Solange Para-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (F.K.H., Z.Z., F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.P.P.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jirapitcha Boonpor
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing (F.K.H., Z.Z., F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.P.P.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences (F.P.-R., S.P.-S., J.B., P.W., J.M.R.G., S.R.G., N.S., C.C.-M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (C.C.-M.)
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Ho FK, Petermann-Rocha F, Parra-Soto S, Boonpor J, Gill JMR, Gray SR, Pell JP, Celis-Morales C. Device-measured physical activity and incident affective disorders. BMC Med 2022; 20:290. [PMID: 36064521 PMCID: PMC9446787 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on physical activity (PA) and mental health are largely limited to self-reported PA. This study aims to use prospective cohort data to investigate the association between device-measured PA and affective disorders. METHODS A total of 37,327 participants from UK Biobank who had not had any prior affective disorder diagnoses were included in this prospective cohort study. Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure total, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA) PA. Associations between PA domains and affective disorders were analysed using penalised splines in Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were adjusted for other intensity-specific PA and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Sensitivity analyses were conducted adjusting for body mass index and longstanding illnesses as well as excluding events in the first 2 years of follow-up. Preventable fractions for the population were estimated for MPA and VPA. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1262 (3.4%) individuals were diagnosed with affective disorders. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behaviour in a week with MPA (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94-0.97) or VPA (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98) was associated with lower risk of affective behaviours, up to 500 and 120 min of MPA and VPA. Assuming causality, 5.14% and 18.88% of affective disorders could have been prevented if MPA ≥150 min/week and VPA ≥75 min/week were achieved, respectively, across the study population. CONCLUSIONS Device-measured MPA and VPA were associated with lower risk of affective disorders. The potential mental health benefits of MPA continue to accrue above the current World Health Organization recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jirapitcha Boonpor
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stuart R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, 3466706, Talca, Chile.
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Chmelo J, Phillips AW, Greystoke A, Charman SJ, Avery L, Hallsworth K, Welford J, Cooper M, Sinclair RCF. A feasibility trial of prehabilitation before oesophagogastric cancer surgery using a multi-component home-based exercise programme: the ChemoFit study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:173. [PMID: 35945625 PMCID: PMC9360697 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for locally advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has a negative impact on patient fitness. Using 'prehabilitation' to increase activity levels and fitness may affect physiology, postoperative outcomes and improve patient wellbeing and quality of life. The aims of the trial were to address the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting participants to a home-based prehabilitation programme and provide data to allow design of future studies. METHODS We recruited patients to a single-arm feasibility trial of home-based exercise prehabilitation. Eligible patients were aged ≥18years, had operable oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma and were receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our tertiary referral hospital. All participants commenced a home-based exercise programme utilising pedometers and step counting to target daily aerobic exercise sessions alongside daily strengthening exercises. A weekly telephone consultation directed the exercise programme and facilitated weekly data collection. The primary (feasibility) outcomes for the trial were (a) recruitment rate, (b) completion rate, (c) engagement with the programme (use of pedometers, recording step counts, telephone consultations) and (d) compliance with exercise sessions, exercise intensity and strengthening exercises. RESULTS There were 42 patients recruited, and the recruitment rate was 72.4% (42/58). 92.3% (36/39) of patients completed the exercise programme. There was 98.7% (IQR 93.2-100.0%) compliance with wearing a pedometer and recording data, and 100.0% (IQR 93.1-100.0%) compliance with a weekly telephone consultation. Exercise sessions and strengthening exercises were completed 70.2% (IQR 53.1-88.9%) and 69.4% (IQR 52.1-84.3%) of the time, respectively. Appropriate exercise intensity was recorded 96% (IQR 85.4-99.4%) of the time. There were no adverse events. Participants were enrolled in the exercise programme for a median of 91 days (IQR 84 to 105 days). CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial support the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting participants to an appropriately powered randomised controlled trial of prehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04194463 . Registered on 11th December 2019-retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chmelo
- Northern Oesophago-gastric unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP, UK. .,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Alexander W Phillips
- Northern Oesophago-gastric unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP, UK.,School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alastair Greystoke
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah J Charman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leah Avery
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - Kate Hallsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jenny Welford
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - Rhona C F Sinclair
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Marillier M, Borowik A, Chacaroun S, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Guinot M, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Estève F, Vergès S, Tessier D, Flore P. High-intensity interval training to promote cerebral oxygenation and affective valence during exercise in individuals with obesity. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1500-1511. [PMID: 35942923 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2086658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Left/right prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation is linked to positive/negative affects, respectively. Besides, larger left PFC oxygenation during exercise relates to higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving CRF. The influence of training on PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise in individuals with obesity is, however, currently unknown. Twenty participants with obesity (14 males, 48 ± 8 years, body-mass index = 35 ± 6 kg·m-2) were randomised to MICT [50% peak work rate (WRpeak)] or HIIT (1-min bouts 100% WRpeak; 3 sessions/week, 8 weeks). Before/after training, participants completed an incremental ergocycle test. Near-infrared spectroscopy and the Feeling Scale assessed PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise, respectively. Improvements in CRF (e.g., WRpeak: 32 ± 14 vs 20 ± 13 W) were greater after HIIT vs MICT (p < 0.05). Only HIIT induced larger left PFC oxygenation (haemoglobin difference from 7 ± 6 to 10 ± 7 μmol) and enhanced affective valence (from 0.7 ± 2.9 to 2.2 ± 2.0; p < 0.05) at intensities ≥ second ventilatory threshold. Exercise-training induced changes in left PFC oxygenation correlated with changes in CRF [e.g., WRpeak (% predicted), r = 0.46] and post-training affective valence (r = 0.45; p < 0.05). HIIT specifically improved left PFC oxygenation and affects during exercise in individuals with obesity. Implementing HIIT in exercise programmes may therefore have relevant implications for the management of obesity, since greater affective response to exercise is thought to be associated with future commitment to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Borowik
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Michel Guinot
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, CLUNI, SCRIMM-Sud, Inserm - UA07 - Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale (STROBE) ID17 Installation Européenne du Rayonnement Synchrotron (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Tessier
- Laboratoire SENS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Sauchelli S, Brunstrom JM. Virtual reality exergaming improves affect during physical activity and reduces subsequent food consumption in inactive adults. Appetite 2022; 175:106058. [PMID: 35460807 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An individual's affective (i.e. emotional) response to exercise may play an important role in post-exercise eating behaviour for some individuals. Taking advantage of advances in fully immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, this study aimed to: a) examine whether VR exergaming can improve the psychological response to exercise in inactive adults, and b) assess the extent to which this improvement reduces post-exercise appetite and eating behaviour. In a cross-over study, 34 adults not meeting the World Health Organisation's physical activity recommendations completed two exercise sessions on a stationary bike; one while engaging in a VR exergame and one without VR. Monitoring enabled heart rate, energy expenditure, and duration across conditions to be closely matched. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, Feeling Scale, Felt Arousal Scale and Borg's Ratings of Perceived Exertion were measured to capture the affective responses to exercise. Appetite and eating behaviour were evaluated using visual-analogue scales, a computerised food preference task, and intake at a post-exercise buffet meal. Cycling in VR elicited greater exercise enjoyment (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.62), pleasure (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.47), and activation (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.55). VR exergaming did not alter perceived physical exertion (p = 0.64), perceived appetite (p = 0.68), and preference for energy dense (p = 0.78) or sweet/savoury foods (p = 0.90) compared to standard exercise. However, it did result in a mean 12% reduction in post-exercise food intake (mean difference: 105.9 kcal; p < 0.01; η2p = 0.20) and a decrease in relative food intake (p < 0.01; η2p = 0.20), although inter-individual differences in response to VR exergaming were observed. The integration of VR in a cycling workout improves the affective experience of physical activity for inactive adults and reduces subsequent food intake. Virtual reality technology shows potential as an adjunct tool to support adults in weight management programmes become more active, especially for those individuals who are prone to eat in excess after physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sauchelli
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Atakan MM, Guzel Y, Shrestha N, Kosar SN, Grgic J, Astorino TA, Turnagol HH, Pedisic Z. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:bjsports-2021-105181. [PMID: 35859145 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise (FatOx) and how they compare with the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenDissertations, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies using a between-group design, involving adult participants who were not trained athletes, and evaluating effects of HIIT or SIT on FatOx (vs no exercise or MICT) were included. RESULTS Eighteen studies of fair-to-good quality were included; nine comparing HIIT or SIT with no exercise and eleven comparing HIIT or SIT with MICT. A significant pooled effect of these types of interval training on FatOx was found (mean difference in g/min (MD)=0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.12; p<0.001). Significant effects were found for exercise regimens lasting ≥4 weeks, and they increased with every additional week of training (β=0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.02; p=0.003). HIIT and/or SIT were slightly more effective than MICT (MD=0.03; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05; p=0.005). The effects on FatOx were larger among individuals with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION Engaging in HIIT or SIT can improve FatOx, with larger effects expected for longer training regimens and individuals with overweight/obesity. While some effects seem small, they may be important in holistic approaches to enhance metabolic health and manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Guzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Evidence Integration, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sukran N Kosar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Huseyin H Turnagol
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Howard I, Niven A, Kelly P, Phillips SM. Investigating Affective Responses to Remotely Delivered "At Home" Low Volume High Intensity Interval Exercise: A Non-Randomized Parallel Group Feasibility Study. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:862019. [PMID: 35873208 PMCID: PMC9299251 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.862019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low volume-high intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) has gained interest, due to its efficiency in invoking health and fitness benefits. However, little research has studied "at home" feasibility or effects of LV-HIIE. This study aimed to demonstrate that remote "at-home" LV-HIIE research is possible and to investigate if affective responses to the LV-HIIE protocol, subsequent intentions, and self-efficacy to repeat were related to self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise. Methods Using self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise, 41 healthy, physically active participants (25 female and 16 male; age 21.3 ± 1.0 years, body mass index 23.0 ± 2.9 kg.m2) were divided into low tolerance (LT, n = 14), middle tolerance (MT, n = 15), and high tolerance (HT, n = 12) groups. Participants completed a 20-min LV-HIIE circuit training video [2 × (10 ×30 s work, 15 s rest)] at home. Participants reported ratings of perceived exertion, affective valence, and perceived activation at baseline, during the protocol, immediately post-protocol, and during the cool down. 20-min after completion, respondents answered questions on exercise task self-efficacy and intentions to repeat LV-HIIE. Results The study recruited n = 65 individuals, of whom n = 50 passed screening. Ultimately n = 41 (82%) completed the exercise protocol and data collection. Ratings of perceived exertion were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.56), indicating similar perceptions of task difficulty. There was no significant effect of tolerance on affective valence (p = 0.36) or felt arousal (p = 0.06). There was evidence of high individual variability in affective responses within and between participants. Subsequent intentions and self-efficacy to repeat the exercise protocol did not seem to be related to affective valence during or after the protocol. Discussion Recruitment and data collection indicated that research into "at home" LV-HIIE is possible. High individual differences in affective responses suggest that LV-HEII may be appropriate for some but not all as an exercise option. Assessing self-reported tolerance of intensity of exercise may not appropriately identify whether or not LV-HIIE will be suitable for an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Howard
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun M. Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Tsirigkakis S, Koutedakis Y, Mastorakos G, Stavrinou PS, Mougios V, Bogdanis GC. Physiological, perceptual and affective responses to high-intensity interval training using two work-matched programs with different bout duration in obese males. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:199-205. [PMID: 35510254 PMCID: PMC9035702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared physiological, perceptual, and affective responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) between two work-matched programs with different bout durations in obese males. Methods Sixteen low-to-moderately active obese men completed an eight-week cycling program of supervised HIIT (3 days/week) using either short bouts [48 × 10 s at 100% of peak power output (PPO) with 15 s of recovery (HIIT10)] or long bouts [8 × 60 s at 100% PPO with 90 s of recovery (HIIT60)]. Workload was progressively adjusted, to maintain high intensity (100% PPO), throughout training. Blood lactate (BLa), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale ratings (pleasure/displeasure) were measured in each HIIT session. Results Average HR decreased in the last 2 weeks of training in both groups by 2.2 ± 1.8% of peak HR (p < 0.001). Training resulted in a reduction in BLa during exercise by 28 ± 19% (p < 0.001) from the 10th min onward only in HIIT10. Similarly, during the last weeks of training, RPE decreased (by 1.0 ± 1.1 units, p < 0.05) and feeling scale ratings were improved only in HIIT10, while RPE remained unchanged and feeling scale ratings deteriorated in HIIT60 (from 3.0 ± 1.1 to 2.1 ± 0.9 units, p < 0.001). No differences in post-exercise enjoyment were found. Conclusion Both HIIT formats induced similar HR adaptations, but improvement of BLa, perceptual and affective responses occurred only when bout duration was shorter. Our findings suggest that, in low-to-moderately active obese men, HIIT may be more effective in improving metabolic, perceptual, and affective responses when shorter, rather than longer, bouts of exercise are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Tsirigkakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Metabolism and Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237, Athens, Greece
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Lubans DR, Eather N, Smith JJ, Beets MW, Harris NK. Scaling-Up Adolescent High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Population Health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:128-136. [PMID: 35148533 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a polarizing form of exercise. In this article, we argue that adolescent HIIT programs can have population health impact if they are (i) integrated into existing opportunities, (ii) designed to develop physical literacy, (iii) delivered in an engaging manner, and (iv) guided and supported by an implementation framework that addresses relevant barriers and facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lubans
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Narelle Eather
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael W Beets
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Nigel K Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zurek G, Danek N, Żurek A, Nowak-Kornicka J, Żelaźniewicz A, Orzechowski S, Stefaniak T, Nawrat M, Kowal M. Effects of Dominance and Sprint Interval Exercise on Testosterone and Cortisol Levels in Strength-, Endurance-, and Non-Training Men. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070961. [PMID: 36101342 PMCID: PMC9312330 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the response of testosterone and cortisol to sprint interval exercises (SIEs) and to determine the role of dominance. The experiment was conducted in a group of 96 men, divided into endurance-training, strength-training, and non-training groups. Participants performed SIEs consisting of 5 × 10-s all-out bouts with a 50-s active recovery. Using the passive drool method, testosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured in saliva samples at rest at 10 min pre and 12 min post exercise. Participants’ heart rate (HR) was measured during the whole exercise. Dominance was assessed by the participants before the study; the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured immediately after each bout. The study showed that those who trained in endurance and strength sports had significantly lower mean HRs after five acute 10-s interval bouts than those in the non-training group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.041, respectively). Dominance has an inverse relation to changes in HR; however, it has no relation to hormone response. No significant differences were observed in testosterone and cortisol changes in the endurance-training, strength-training, and non-training groups after SIE (p > 0.05), which may indicate that the exercise volume was too low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zurek
- Department of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Danek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Żurek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-529 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (S.O.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Judyta Nowak-Kornicka
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.-K.); (A.Ż.)
| | - Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.-K.); (A.Ż.)
| | - Sylwester Orzechowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-529 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (S.O.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Sport Didactics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Nawrat
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-529 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (S.O.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kowal
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-529 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Ż.); (S.O.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
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Hammer TM, Pedersen S, Pettersen SA, Rognmo K, Sagelv EH. Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:825738. [PMID: 35391958 PMCID: PMC8982257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise at high intensity may cause lower affective responses toward exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise. We aimed to elucidate affective valence and enjoyment in high- and moderate-high interval exercise. Methods Twenty recreationally active participants (9 females, 11 males, age range: 20-51 years) underwent three different treadmill running exercise sessions per week over a 3-week period, in randomized order; (1) CE70: 45 min continuous exercise at 70% of heart rate maximum (HRmax), (2) INT80: 4 × 4 min intervals at 80% of HRmax, (3) INT90: 4 × 4 min intervals at 90% of HRmax. Pre-tests included graded submaximal steady state intensities and a test to exhaustion for determining peak oxygen uptake and HRmax. Affective valence (pleasure/displeasure) was measured before, during and after the sessions using the Feeling Scale (FS). Enjoyment was assessed before and after the sessions applying the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and during the sessions using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES). Results The participants felt lower pleasure (between-sessions effect: p = 0.02, p η2: 0.13) during INT90 sessions (FS: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.35-1.92) compared with INT80 (FS: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.62-3.08, p = 0.052) and CE70 sessions (FS: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.72-3.18, p = 0.03), with no differences between INT80 and CE70 sessions (p = 1.00). There were higher enjoyment after INT80 sessions (PACES: 101.5, 95% CI: 95.7-107.3) versus CE70 sessions (PACES: 91.3 95% CI: 85.5-97.1, p = 0.046), and no differences between INT90 (PACES: 98.2, 95% CI: 92.4-103.4) and CE70 (p = 0.29) or INT80 (p = 1.00). For enjoyment during exercise, CE70 were perceived more enjoyable, and INT80 and INT90 less enjoyable in week 2 (EES: week x session: p = 0.01, p η2: 0.11; CE70: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.6-4.9, INT80: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.9-5.2, INT90: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.4-4.7) and 3 (EES: CE70: 4.2, 95% CI: 3.7-4.8, INT80: 4.8, 95% CI: 4.2-5.3, INT90: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.8-4.9) than in week 1 (EES: CE70: 3.5, 95% CI: 3.0-4.0, INT80: 5.0, 95% CI: 4.5-5.5, INT90: 4.5, 95% CI: 4.0-5.0). Conclusion The negative affective consequences associated with high intensity interval exercise can be alleviated by keeping the intensity at or around 80% of HRmax while preserving the beneficial enjoyment responses associated with interval exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord Markussen Hammer
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigurd Pedersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Arne Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edvard H Sagelv
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Mahatme S, K V, Kumar N, Rao V, Kovela RK, Sinha MK. Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic health outcomes and mitochondrial function in older adults: a review. Med Pharm Rep 2022; 95:115-130. [PMID: 35721039 PMCID: PMC9176307 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise being a potent stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, there is a need to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among older adults. This review explores and summarizes the impact of HIIT on mitochondria and various cardio-metabolic health outcomes among older adults, healthy and with comorbid conditions. Electronic databases were scrutinized for literature using permutations of keywords related to (i) Elderly population (ii) HIIT (iii) Mitochondria, cell organelles, and (iv) cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria are included in this review. HIIT is an innovative therapeutic modality in preserving mitochondrial quality with age and serves to be a viable, safe, and beneficial exercise alternative in both ill and healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Mahatme
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali K
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Krishna Kovela
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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50
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Hu M, Jung ME, Nie J, Kong Z. Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Sprint Interval Training in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:820228. [PMID: 35356357 PMCID: PMC8959769 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) is characterized by intensity of "all-out" effort and superior time-efficiency compared to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and has been proposed as one viable solution to address the commonly reported barrier of lack of time for physical activity. While substantial physiological benefits of participation in SIT have been well-documented, the psychological responses to SIT are less clear. No systematic review has been conducted thus far to respond to the assumption that its supramaximal intensity will induce adverse feelings. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to synthesize studies analyzing affective and enjoyment responses to SIT and to compare the responses to SIT with MICT and other high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with lower intensities. After searching relevant databases up until 22nd March 2021, twenty-five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. Random effect meta-analysis using the pooled data demonstrated that SIT induced similar post-exercise affective valences during the training compared to MICT and HIIT, but lower affective valences immediately post-exercise compared to MICT. Moreover, affective responses during SIT decreased to negative valences according to the results from most included studies, while low-volume SIT protocols with shorter sprint duration and repetitions induced more positive affective responses. Level of enjoyment after SIT were positive and were comparable to MICT or HIIT. Overall, the results from the existing literature indicate that SIT might cause unpleasant feelings during the training and be perceived less pleasurable than MICT immediately post training but could be a comparably enjoyable modality for healthy individuals in relation to MICT or HIIT, despite its supramaximal intensity. Low-volume SIT may be a realistic option for individuals seeking a time-efficient workout with comparable affective responses to MICT or HIIT. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], Identifier [CRD42021284898].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Hu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Mary E. Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC, Canada
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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