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Tan E, Gao Z, Wang Q, Han B, Shi H, Wang L, Zhu G, Hou Y. Berberine ameliorates renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:757-769. [PMID: 37811696 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Berberine acts via multiple pathways to alleviate fibrosis in various tissues and shows renoprotective effects. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in renal fibrosis remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of berberine against unilateral ureteric obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. The results indicated that berberine treatment (50 mg/kg/day) markedly alleviated histopathological alterations, collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney tissue and restored mouse renal function. Mechanistically, berberine intervention inhibited NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the kidneys of unilateral ureteric obstruction mice. In addition, berberine relieved unilateral ureteric obstruction-induced renal injury by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. In vitro models showed that berberine treatment prevented the TGF-β1-induced profibrotic phenotype of hexokinase 2 (HK-2) cells, characterized by loss of an epithelial phenotype (alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) and acquisition of mesenchymal marker expression (E-cadherin), by restoring abnormal fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulating the expression of the fatty acid β-oxidation related-key enzymes or regulators (phosphorylated-AMPK, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha [PPARα] and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A [CPT1A]). Collectively, berberine alleviated renal fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protected tubular epithelial cells by reversing defective fatty acid β-oxidation. Our findings might be exploited clinically to provide a potential novel therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxue Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baosheng Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honghong Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guozhen Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu K, Sun Z, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang B. Anthocyanins' effects on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12102-12125. [PMID: 35822311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is dramatically increasing every year, causing a huge global burden. Moreover, existing anti-diabetic drugs inevitably bring adverse reactions, and the application of islet transplantation is often limited by the damage caused by oxidative stress after transplantation. Thus, new approaches are needed to combat the growing burden of diabetes mellitus. Anthocyanins are of great nutritional interest and have been documented that have beneficial effects on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the health effects of anthocyanins on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that moderate intake of anthocyanins leading to a reduction in risk of diabetes mellitus. Numerous experiments both animal and clinical studies also showed positive effects of anthocyanins on prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. These effects of anthocyanins may be related to mechanisms of improving glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation are also improved by anthocyanins. These findings suggest that daily intake of anthocyanins may not only improve nutritional metabolism in healthy individuals to prevent from diabetes, but also as a supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Thus, more evidence is needed to better understand the potential health benefits of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kangze Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Chiang MC, Liu YC, Chen BY, Wu DL, Wu CL, Cheng CW, Chang WL, Lee HJ. Purple Sweet Potato Powder Containing Anthocyanin Mitigates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086983. [PMID: 37108146 PMCID: PMC10138706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato (PSP) powder with anthocyanins possesses the ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Studies have presumed a positive correlation between body fat and dry eye disease (DED) in adults. The regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation has been proposed as the mechanism underlying DED. This study developed an animal model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced DED. We added 5% PSP powder to the HFD to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms in mitigating HFD-induced DED. A statin drug, atorvastatin, was also added to the diet separately to assess its effect. The HFD altered the structure of lacrimal gland (LG) tissue, reduced LG secretory function, and eliminated the expression of proteins related to DED development, including α-smooth muscle actin and aquaporin-5. Although PSP treatment could not significantly reduce body weight or body fat, it ameliorated the effects of DED by preserving LG secretory function, preventing ocular surface erosion, and preserving LG structure. PSP treatment increased superoxide dismutase levels but reduced hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α levels, indicating that PSP treatment reduced oxidative stress. PSP treatment increased ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 levels in LG tissue, signifying that PSP treatment regulated lipid homeostasis maintenance to reduce the effects of DED. In conclusion, PSP treatment ameliorated the effects of HFD-induced DED through the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in the LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chiang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10687, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10687, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Chen
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Lin Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lian Wu
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Yi-Yeh Biotechnology Co., Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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4
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Liang A, Leonard W, Beasley JT, Fang Z, Zhang P, Ranadheera CS. Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36927343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids responsible for color in some fruits and vegetables with potent antioxidative capacity. During digestion, a larger proportion of dietary anthocyanins remains unabsorbed and reach the large intestine where they interact with the gut microbiota. Anthocyanins can modulate gut microbial populations to improve diversity and the proportion of beneficial populations, leading to alterations in short chain fatty acid and bile acid production. Some anthocyanins can be degraded into colonic metabolites, such as phenolic acids, which accumulate in the body and regulate a range of biological activities. Here we provide an overview of the effects of dietary anthocyanin consumption on gut microbial interactions, metabolism, and composition. Progression of chronic diseases has been strongly associated with imbalances in gut microbial populations. We therefore focus on the role of the gut microbiota as the 'mediator' that facilitates the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various chronic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Chen K, Wei X, Zhang J, Kortesniemi M, Zhang Y, Yang B. Effect of Acylated and Nonacylated Anthocyanins on Urine Metabolic Profile during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15143-15156. [PMID: 36410712 PMCID: PMC9732871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins on urinary metabolites in diabetic rats was investigated. Nonacylated anthocyanins extract from bilberries (NAAB) or acylated anthocyanins extract from purple potatoes (AAPP) was given to Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats for 8 weeks at daily doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight. 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to study alterations in urinary metabolites from three time points (weeks 1, 4, and 8). Both types of anthocyanins modulated the metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gut microbiota metabolism, and renal function at weeks 1 and 4, such as 2-oxoglutarate, fumarate, alanine, trigonelline, and hippurate. In addition, only a high dose of AAPP decreased monosaccharides, formate, lactate, and glucose levels at week 4, suggesting improvement in energy production in mitochondria, glucose homeostasis, and oxidative stress. This study suggested different impacts of AAPP and NAAB on the metabolic profile of urine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Food
Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turu, Finland
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food
Safety, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Maaria Kortesniemi
- Food
Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turu, Finland
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food
Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turu, Finland
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Li YX, Lu YP, Tang D, Hu B, Zhang ZY, Wu HW, Fan LJ, Cai KW, Tang C, Zhang YQ, Hong L, Dong JJ, Guan BZ, Yin LH, Dai Y, Bai WB, Zheng ZH, Zhu T. Anthocyanin improves kidney function in diabetic kidney disease by regulating amino acid metabolism. J Transl Med 2022; 20:510. [PMID: 36335368 PMCID: PMC9636632 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is among the most important causes for chronic kidney disease. Anthocyanins (ANT) are polyphenolic compounds present in various food and play an important role in ameliorating hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of ANT in DKD are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ANT (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside [C3G]) on the renal function of DKD, and whether the anti-DKD effect of ANT is related to metabolic pathways. Methods To explore the role of ANT in DKD, we performed the examination of blood glucose, renal function, and histopathology. As for the mechanism, we designed the label-free quantification proteomics and nontargeted metabolomics analysis for kidney and serum. Subsequently, we revealed the anti-DKD effect of ANT through the bioinformatic analysis. Results We showed that the fasting blood glucose level (− 6.1 mmol/L, P = 0.037), perimeter of glomerular lesions (− 24.1 μm, P = 0.030), fibrosis score of glomerular (− 8.8%, P = 0.002), and kidney function (Cystatin C: − 701.4 pg/mL, P = 0.043; urine creatinine: − 701.4 mmol/L, P = 0.032) were significantly alleviated in DKD mice after ANT treatment compared to untreated in the 20th week. Further, proteins and metabolites in the kidneys of DKD mice were observed to be dramatically altered due to changes in amino acid metabolism with ANT treatment; mainly, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway was upregulated (P = 0.0001, t value = 5.97). Furthermore, upregulated tryptophan metabolism (P < 0.0001, t value = 5.94) and tyrosine metabolism (P = 0.0037, t value = 2.91) pathways had effects on serum of DKD mice as responsed ANT regulating. Conclusions Our results suggested that prevention of the progression of DKD by ANT could be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism. The use of dietary ANT may be one of the dietary strategies to prevent and treat DKD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03717-9.
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Luo M, Mai M, Song W, Yuan Q, Feng X, Xia E, Guo H. The Antiaging Activities of Phytochemicals in Dark-Colored Plant Foods: Involvement of the Autophagy- and Apoptosis-Associated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911038. [PMID: 36232338 PMCID: PMC9569742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, human life expectancy has increased by about 10 years, but this has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in healthy lifespan. Aging is associated with a wide range of human disorders, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Delaying the aging of organs or tissues and improving the physiological functions of the elderly can reduce the risk of aging-related diseases. Autophagy and apoptosis are crucial mechanisms for cell survival and tissue homeostasis, and may also be primary aging-regulatory pathways. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that eating more colorful plant foods could increase life expectancy. Several representative phytochemicals in dark-colored plant foods such as quercetin, catechin, curcumin, anthocyanins, and lycopene have apparent antiaging potential. Nevertheless, the antiaging signaling pathways of the phytochemicals from dark-colored plant foods remain elusive. In the present review, we summarized autophagy- and apoptosis-associated targeting pathways of those phytochemicals and discussed the core targets involved in the antiaging effects. Further clinical evaluation and exploitation of phytochemicals as antiaging agents are needed to develop novel antiaging therapeutics for preventing age-related diseases and improving a healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meiqing Mai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wanhan Song
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Enqin Xia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-769-2289-6576
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8
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Samota MK, Sharma M, Kaur K, Sarita, Yadav DK, Pandey AK, Tak Y, Rawat M, Thakur J, Rani H. Onion anthocyanins: Extraction, stability, bioavailability, dietary effect, and health implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917617. [PMID: 35967791 PMCID: PMC9363841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are high-value compounds, and their use as functional foods and their natural colorant have potential health benefits. Anthocyanins seem to possess antioxidant properties, which help prevent neuronal diseases and thereby exhibit anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. They also show different therapeutic effects against various chronic diseases. Anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in onion. In recent years, although both conventional and improved methods have been used for extraction of anthocyanins, nowadays, improved methods are of great importance because of their higher yield and stability of anthocyanins. In this review, we compile anthocyanins and their derivatives found in onion and the factors affecting their stability. We also analyze different extraction techniques of anthocyanins. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability and subsequently potentiate its bioavailability or beneficial health effects. We present up-to-date information on bioavailability, dietary effects, and health implications of anthocyanins such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous, antiobesity, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing (HCP) Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET), Punjab, India
| | - Madhvi Sharma
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita
- College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association-North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mandeep Rawat
- Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Julie Thakur
- Department of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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9
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Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Golubev D, Zemskaya N, Shevchenko O, Shaposhnikov M, Kukuman D, Patov S, Punegov V, Moskalev A. Honeysuckle extract (Lonicera pallasii L.) exerts antioxidant properties and extends the lifespan and healthspan of Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2022; 23:215-235. [PMID: 35122571 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Honeysuckle Lonicera pallasii (Lonicera caerulea L.) is an excellent source of anthocyanins which have a number of health-promoting properties mainly associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most common anthocyanins naturally found in honeysuckle. The goal of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-aging properties of Lonicera pallasii (Lonicera caerulea L.) extract (LE) and C3G using red blood cells (RBC) and Drosophila melanogaster models. LE and C3G treatment at a concentration of 100 μM induced enhancement of median and maximum lifespan up to 8%. LE and C3G supplementation at a concentration of 100 μM increased stress resistance up to 10%. The locomotor activity decreased during LE and C3G treatment in 4 and 6 weeks up to 52% in females. The integrity of the intestinal barrier was increased by 4% after LE treatment. These effects were accompanied by increased expression of Hif1 (pro-longevity gene) in response to C3G treatment and decreased expression of Keap1 (anti-longevity gene) after C3G and LE supplementation. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Sirt6 completely abolished the positive effect obtained of LE and C3G supplementation in males which indicates that lifespan-extending effect is associated with Sirt6 activation. The experiments on the various in-vitro models (including radical scavenging activity and oxidative hemolysis of RBC demonstrated antioxidant and membrane-protective activities of LE and C3G. The present study indicates that Lonicera extract can prolong the lifespan and improve the healthspan of Drosophila model through biological and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Golubev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Oksana Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Daria Kukuman
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Sergey Patov
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Vasily Punegov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, 167982.
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11
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Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway in renal tubular cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 142:106117. [PMID: 34801707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), known as the transition of tubular epithelial cells into fibroblasts, is one of the potential mechanisms of renal fibrosis, which promotes the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 (EI24) is known as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Bcl-2-binding transmembrane protein with various functions that can affect autophagy, apoptosis and differentiation. However, whether EI24 is involved in EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and the exact mechanism is still not known. In this study, we first reported that EI24 expression was significantly downregulated in the kidneys of diabetic mice and in high glucose-stimulated HK2 cells. Knockdown of EI24 led to EMT of HK2 cells, as indicated by decreased E-cadherin and increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Meanwhile, overexpression of EI24 ameliorated high glucose-induced EMT of HK2 cells via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Then, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) treatment enhanced EI24 expression and alleviated EMT in high glucose-treated HK2 cells and the kidneys of diabetic mice. Furthermore, DNMT1 and DNMT3a upregulation were found to be involved in the decrease of EI24 in high glucose-stimulated HK2 cells. Silencing of DNMT1 and DNMT3a effectively reversed high glucose-induced downregulation of EI24 and aggravation of EMT. Our findings demonstrate that the DNA methyltransferase-regulated EI24 affects EMT of renal tubular cells via AMPK signaling pathway. It is suggested that EI24 may be a potential therapeutic target for diabetic renal injury.
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12
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Sapian S, Budin SB, Taib IS, Mariappan V, Zainalabidin S, Chin KY. Role of Polyphenol in Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:453-470. [PMID: 34802412 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211119144309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is known as one of the driving sources of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DN prevalence continues to increase in every corner of the world andthat has been a major concern to healthcare professionals as DN is the key driver of diabetes mellitus (DM) morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycaemia is closely connected with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress response as well as numerous cellular and molecular modifications. Oxidative stress is a significant causative factor to renal damage, as it can activate other immunological pathways, such as inflammatory, fibrosis, and apoptosis pathways. These pathways can lead to cellular impairment and death as well as cellular senescence. Natural substances containing bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been reported to exert valuable effects on various pathological conditions, including DM. The role of polyphenols in alleviating DN conditions has been documented in many studies. In this review, the potential of polyphenols in ameliorating the progression of DN via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, as well as cellular senescence, has been addressed. This information may be used as the strategies for the management of DN and development as nutraceutical products to overcome DN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Kok Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000. Malaysia
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13
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Wang H, Zhang S, Guo J. Lipotoxic Proximal Tubular Injury: A Primary Event in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751529. [PMID: 34760900 PMCID: PMC8573085 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is a complex process that has a great relationship with lipotoxicity. Since the concept of “nephrotoxicity” was proposed, many studies have confirmed that lipotoxicity plays a significant role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and causes various renal dysfunction. This review will make a brief summary of renal injury caused by lipotoxicity that occurs primarily and predominantly in renal tubules during diabetic progression, further leading to glomerular dysfunction. The latest research suggests that lipotoxicity-mediated tubular injury may be a major event in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Gong P, Wang M, Yang W, Chang X, Wang L, Chen F. Integrated metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition and pathway analysis to reveal molecular mechanism of cadmium-induced diabetic nephropathy. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:777-791. [PMID: 34484669 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is becoming a worldwide public health problem and its pathophysiological mechanism is not well understood. Emerging evidences indicated that cadmium (Cd), an industrial material but also an environmental toxin, may be involved in the development and progression of diabetes and diabetes-related kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, a DN animal model was constructed by exposing to Cd, the metabolomic profiling of DN mice were obtained by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), pattern recognition and pathway analysis were performed to screen potential biomarker. Moreover, western blotting was employed to verify the possible mechanism involved in the occurrence of Cd-induced DN. A total of 66 metabolites in serum have been screened out and identified as biomarkers, including free fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingomyelins, glycerides, and others. Significant differences were demonstrated between the metabolic profiles, including decreased levels of phospholipid and increased content of triglyceride, diacylglycerols, ceramide, lysophosphatidylcholine in Cd-induced DN mice compared with control. Protein expression level of p38 MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin were significantly increased. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based serum metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition methods and pathway analysis provide a powerful approach to identify potential biomarkers and is a new strategy to predict the underlying mechanism of disease caused by environmental toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiangna Chang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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15
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Liu J, Zhou H, Song L, Yang Z, Qiu M, Wang J, Shi S. Anthocyanins: Promising Natural Products with Diverse Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133807. [PMID: 34206588 PMCID: PMC8270296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural products that give color to plants. As natural plant pigments, anthocyanins also have a series of health-promoting benefits. Many researchers have proved that anthocyanins have therapeutic effects on diseases, such as circulatory, nervous, endocrine, digestive, sensory, urinary and immune systems. Additionally, a large number of studies have reported that anthocyanins have an anticancer effect through a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The anti-disease impact and mechanism of anthocyanins are diverse, so they have high research value. This review summarizes the research progress of anthocyanins on the pharmacological agents of different diseases to provide references for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (L.S.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Li Song
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (L.S.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhanjun Yang
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (L.S.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Songli Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (L.S.); (Z.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.S.)
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16
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Danielewski M, Matuszewska A, Szeląg A, Sozański T. The Impact of Anthocyanins and Iridoids on Transcription Factors Crucial for Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6074. [PMID: 34199904 PMCID: PMC8200123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition determines our health, both directly and indirectly. Consumed foods affect the functioning of individual organs as well as entire systems, e.g., the cardiovascular system. There are many different diets, but universal guidelines for proper nutrition are provided in the WHO healthy eating pyramid. According to the latest version, plant products should form the basis of our diet. Many groups of plant compounds with a beneficial effect on human health have been described. Such groups include anthocyanins and iridoids, for which it has been proven that their consumption may lead to, inter alia, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid-lowering, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Transcription factors directly affect a number of parameters of cell functions and cellular metabolism. In the context of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, five particularly important transcription factors can be distinguished: liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Both anthocyanins and iridoids may alter the expression of these transcription factors. The aim of this review is to collect and systematize knowledge about the impact of anthocyanins and iridoids on transcription factors crucial for lipid and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.); (A.S.); (T.S.)
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17
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Pera orange (Citrus sinensis) and Moro orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juices attenuate left ventricular dysfunction and oxidative stress and improve myocardial energy metabolism in acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111350. [PMID: 34265580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating several types of cancer; however, it can induce cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the influence of Pera and Moro orange juices on cardiac remodeling induced by acute administration of doxorubicin in rats. METHODS We allocated 120 male Wistar rats into six groups: control (C), Pera orange juice (PO), Moro orange juice (MO), doxorubicin (D), doxorubicin + Pera orange juice (DPO), and doxorubicin + Moro orange juice (DMO). Groups PO and DPO received Pera orange juice, MO and DMO received Moro orange juice, and C and D received water with maltodextrin (100 g/L) for 4 wk. Subsequently, groups D, DPO, and DMO received 20 mg/kg doxorubicin and C, PO, and MO received saline. Echocardiogram and euthanasia were performed 48 h after doxorubicin injection. Juice and animal-serum flavonoid identification and quantification were evaluated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress and myocardial metabolism were evaluated by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction increased oxidative stress and pathologic changes in myocardial energy metabolism of rats treated with doxorubicin. Intake of both orange juices improved left ventricular function, decreased oxidative stress, and attenuated the myocardial energy metabolism changes. Moro orange juice had a more pronounced effect than Pera orange juice in glutathione peroxidase activity, citrate synthase, and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSIONS Pera and Moro orange juices attenuated cardiac remodeling induced by doxorubicin, improved myocardial energy metabolism, and attenuated oxidative stress. However, Moro orange juice was more effective than Pera orange juice in modifying energy metabolism.
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Shaw OM, Hurst RD, Cooney J, Sawyer GM, Dinnan H, Martell S. Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate reduced acute lung inflammation and increased M2 macrophage-associated cytokines in an acute mouse model of allergic airways disease. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1491-1503. [PMID: 33747463 PMCID: PMC7958577 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds including anthocyanins and other polyphenols are associated with reduced lung inflammation and improved lung function in asthma and other lung diseases. This study investigated the effects of a Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate, high in cyanidin glycosides, ellagitannins, and chlorogenic acid, on a mouse model of allergic airways inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were orally gavaged with 2.5 mg/kg of total anthocyanins (TAC) from BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate (0.2 mg/kg human equivalent dose) or water control 1 hr before an acute intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and were gavaged again 2 days after the intranasal challenge. Consumption of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate significantly decreased OVA-induced infiltrating eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells in the lung, and mucous production. Quantification of gene expression for arginase (Arg1), chitinase 3-like 3 (Ym-1), found in inflammatory zone (Fizz1), which have been associated with an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M2), found significantly increased Arg1 expression in the lung in the Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate treatment group. There was also increased production of M2-associated cytokines C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10 and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 4. These results suggest that consumption of BerriQi® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate promoted a shift toward an anti-inflammatory environment within the lung leading to reduced immune cell infiltration and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette M. Shaw
- Nutrition & Health GroupFood Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Roger D. Hurst
- Food Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- Biological Chemistry & Bioactives GroupFood Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Gregory M. Sawyer
- Nutrition & Health GroupFood Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Hannah Dinnan
- Nutrition & Health GroupFood Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Sheridan Martell
- Nutrition & Health GroupFood Innovation PortfolioThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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Figueroa-Juárez E, Noriega LG, Pérez-Monter C, Alemán G, Hernández-Pando R, Correa-Rotter R, Ramírez V, Tovar AR, Torre-Villalvazo I, Tovar-Palacio C. The Role of the Unfolded Protein Response on Renal Lipogenesis in C57BL/6 Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33430288 PMCID: PMC7825661 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal injury observed in several pathologies has been associated with lipid accumulation in the kidney. While it has been suggested that the accumulation of renal lipids depends on free fatty acids released from adipose tissue, it is not known whether in situ renal lipogenesis due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of pharmacological ER stress in renal structure and function and its effect on renal lipid metabolism of C57BL/6 mice. ER stress increased serum creatinine and induced kidney structural abnormalities. Tunicamycin-administered mice developed hyperinsulinemia, augmented lipolysis and increased circulating leptin and adiponectin. Renal unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression markers, the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and the phosphorylation of eIF2α increased 8 h after tunicamycin administration. At 24 h, an increase in BiP protein content was accompanied by a reduction in p-eIF2α and increased SREBP-1 and FASn protein content, in addition to a significant increase in triglyceride content and a reduction in AMPK. Thus, ER stress induces in situ lipid synthesis, leading to renal lipid accumulation and functional alterations. Future pharmacological and/or dietary strategies must target renal ER stress to prevent kidney damage and the progression of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Monter
- Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Victoria Ramírez
- Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- División de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador CDMX 14080, Mexico
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20
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Cansby E, Caputo M, Gao L, Kulkarni NM, Nerstedt A, Ståhlman M, Borén J, Porosk R, Soomets U, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Marschall HU, Nyström J, Howell BW, Mahlapuu M. Depletion of protein kinase STK25 ameliorates renal lipotoxicity and protects against diabetic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140483. [PMID: 33170807 PMCID: PMC7819747 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of severe renal disease worldwide and the single strongest predictor of mortality in diabetes patients. Kidney steatosis has emerged as a critical trigger in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the molecular mechanism of renal lipotoxicity remains largely unknown. Our recent studies in genetic mouse models, human cell lines, and well-characterized patient cohorts have identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic lipid storage in several metabolic organs prone to diabetic damage. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of STK25 aggravates renal lipid accumulation and exacerbates structural and functional kidney injury in a mouse model of DKD. Reciprocally, inhibiting STK25 signaling in mice ameliorates diet-induced renal steatosis and alleviates the development of DKD-associated pathologies. Furthermore, we find that STK25 silencing in human kidney cells protects against lipid deposition, as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, our results suggest that STK25 regulates a critical node governing susceptibility to renal lipotoxicity and that STK25 antagonism could mitigate DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rando Porosk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and.,Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian W Howell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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21
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Ayinde KS, Olaoba OT, Ibrahim B, Lei D, Lu Q, Yin X, Adelusi TI. AMPK allostery: A therapeutic target for the management/treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2020; 261:118455. [PMID: 32956662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with approximately 30-40% of patients with DM developing nephropathy, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases and diabetic morbidity. The pathogenesis of DN is primarily associated with irregularities in the metabolism of glucose and lipid leading to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which has been a major target together with blood pressure regulation in the control of DN progression. However, the regulation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved protein kinase for maintaining energy balance and cellular growth and repair has been implicated in the development of DM and its complications. Therefore, targeting AMPK pathway has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes and its complication, although most of the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the structure of AMPK relevant to understanding its allosteric regulation and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. We also identify therapeutic agents that modulate AMPK and its downstream targets with their specific mechanisms of action in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boyenle Ibrahim
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Du Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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22
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Shrikanth CB, Nandini CD. AMPK in microvascular complications of diabetes and the beneficial effects of AMPK activators from plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152808. [PMID: 30935723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder with the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. High glucose-induced derangements in metabolic pathways are primarily associated with the initiation and progression of secondary complications namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to treat various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. It is a master metabolic regulator that helps in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-generating catabolic pathways and inhibiting ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. Numerous pharmacological and plant-derived bioactive compounds that increase AMP-activated protein kinase activation has shown beneficial effects by mitigating secondary complications namely retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge on the role of AMPK and its activators from plant origin in diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science are used to extract papers using relevant key words. Papers mainly focusing on the role of AMPK and AMPK activators from plant origin in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy was chosen to be highlighted. RESULTS According to results, decrease in AMPK activation during diabetes play a causative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Some of the plant-derived bioactive compounds were beneficial in restoring AMPK activity and ameliorating diabetic microvascular complications. CONCLUSION AMPK activators from plant origin are beneficial in mitigating diabetic microvascular complications. These pieces of evidence will be helpful in the development of AMPK-centric therapies to mitigate diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Shrikanth
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India.
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Lee H, Lee H, Lim Y. Vitamin D 3 improves lipophagy-associated renal lipid metabolism and tissue damage in diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2020; 80:55-65. [PMID: 32693268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetes can trigger renal lipotoxicity, extending to diabetic nephropathy. Vitamin D3 has been known to be involved in lipid metabolism as well as insulin secretion or inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated hyperglycemia-induced renal damage in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by a 40% kJ high-fat diet with 30 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin by intraperitoneal injection twice in male C57BL/6J mice. Among diabetic mice (fasting blood glucose > 140 mg/dL), mice were supplemented with 300 ng/kg body weight of vitamin D3 dissolved in olive oil for 12 weeks. Normal control and diabetic control mice were orally administrated with olive oil as a vehicle. Normal control mice were fed with an AIN-93G diet during the experiment. Vitamin D3 supplementation in diabetic mice improved glucose intolerance and kidney function, demonstrated by diminishing glomerular areas. Vitamin D3 supplementation in diabetic mice significantly reduced triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma as well as triglycerides and total cholesterol in the kidney. Furthermore, vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, accompanied by activation of β-oxidation, antioxidant defense enzymes, and autophagy in diabetic mice. In conclusion, vitamin D3 supplementation ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced renal damage through the regulation of lipid metabolisms, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetes. Vitamin D3 could be a promising nutrient to weaken diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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The role of anthocyanins as antidiabetic agents: from molecular mechanisms to in vivo and human studies. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:109-131. [PMID: 32504385 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose concentration. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes or insulin resistant diabetes is the most common diabetes, mainly due to unhealthy lifestyle. Healthy habits like appropriate nutritional approaches or the consumption of certain natural products or food supplements have been suggested as non-pharmacological strategies for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Some of the main bioactive compounds from plant foods are polyphenols, important mainly for their antioxidant capacity in oxidative stress conditions and ageing. Anthocyanins are polyphenols of the flavonoid group, which act as pigments in plants, especially in fruits such as berries. A search of in vitro, in vivo and human studies in relation with antidiabetic properties of anthocyanins has been performed in different electronic databases. Results of this review demonstrate that these compounds have the ability to inhibit different enzymes as well as to influence gene expression and metabolic pathways of glucose, such as AMPK, being able to modulate diabetes and other associated disorders, as hyperlipidaemia, overweight, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, human interventional studies have shown that high doses of anthocyanins have potential in the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes; nevertheless, anthocyanins used in these studies should be standardized and quantified in order to make general conclusions about its use and to claim benefits for the human population.
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25
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Tena N, Martín J, Asuero AG. State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E451. [PMID: 32456252 PMCID: PMC7278599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in food is well known. Numerous antioxidant assays have been proposed to measure the capacity of anthocyanins to prevent the oxidation process that naturally occurs. Different solvents, temperatures, and pH levels are applied in each assay, and these factors should be taken into account in order to obtain useful and reproducible results. The concentration and the structure of these compounds are directly related to their antioxidant capacity and their environment. However, the effectiveness of the anthocyanin ingestion against diseases is also influenced by its bioavailability. Novel methodologies that simulate the digestion process have been developed in order to facilitate the current knowledge of anthocyanins bioavailability. Studies highlight the potential synergy effect between parent compounds and their derivatives (metabolites, conjugated products, and microbe-generated metabolites). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of advantages and disadvantages of the most common methods to determine the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins, chemical structure, and concentration of these compounds in different edible fruits, vegetables, and plants; their bioavailability after intake; as well as the main therapeutic effect described in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Tena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González 2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Agustín G. Asuero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González 2, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain;
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26
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Opazo-Ríos L, Mas S, Marín-Royo G, Mezzano S, Gómez-Guerrero C, Moreno JA, Egido J. Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2632. [PMID: 32290082 PMCID: PMC7177360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
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Bao N, Chen F, Dai D. The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 31969882 PMCID: PMC6960133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are essential antioxidants in our regular diet, and have shown potential antibacterial effects. Other important biological effects, such as anticancer or antibacterial activities, have been demonstrated by some polyphenols. In recent years, the benefits of polyphenols to human health have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol can inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella to help regulate intestinal microflora. An imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal barrier function have been found to have a potential relationship with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, they can aberrantly trigger the immune system to cause inflammation, increase the production of uremic toxins, and further worsen the condition of CKD. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microflora and the intestinal tract in a stable and healthy state may be able to "immunize" patients against CKD, and treat pre-existing disease. The use of common antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and thus beneficial polyphenols may be suitable natural substitutes for antibiotics. Herein we review the ability of different polyphenols, such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol, to regulate intestinal microorganisms, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and improve inflammation. In addition, we review the ability of different polyphenols to reduce kidney injury, as described in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Thongnak L, Pongchaidecha A, Lungkaphin A. Renal Lipid Metabolism and Lipotoxicity in Diabetes. Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:84-99. [PMID: 32039770 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease is a complex process caused by both glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity due to lipid accumulation. In cases of diabetic animals, lipid deposition is found in both tubular and glomerular portions of the kidneys, which are the major sites of diabetic nephropathy lesions. The aim of this review was to provide insights into the mechanisms that lead to the development of renal lipid accumulation and the effects of renal lipotoxicity in the diabetic condition. An increased number of lipogenic genes and a decreased number of lipid oxidation genes are also detected in diabetic kidneys, both of which lead to lipid accumulation. The induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis caused by lipid accumulation and lipid metabolites is called lipotoxicity. Renal lipotoxicity due to derangement in lipid metabolism may be a pathogenic mechanism leading to diabetic nephropathy and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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29
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Momtaz S, Salek-Maghsoudi A, Abdolghaffari AH, Jasemi E, Rezazadeh S, Hassani S, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M, Behzad S, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols targeting diabetes via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway; future approach to drug discovery. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:472-492. [PMID: 31418340 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1648376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime target for pharmaceutical and therapeutic studies on disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity, where the body energy homeostasis is imbalanced. Following the activation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological), a cascade of metabolic events that improve metabolic health is triggered. While there are several publications on this subject, this is the first report that has focused solely on polyphenols targeting diabetes via AMPK pathway. The multiple characteristics of polyphenolic compounds and their favorable influence on diabetes pathogenesis, as well as their intersections with the AMPK signaling pathway, indicate that these compounds have a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. PPs could potentially occupy a significant position in the future anti-diabetic drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Armin Salek-Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eghbal Jasemi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shamsali Rezazadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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30
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Francini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL. Activation of AMPK by Medicinal Plants and Natural Products: Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:880-901. [PMID: 30484403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181128120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by permanent hyperglycemia, whose development can be prevented or delayed by using therapeutic agents and implementing lifestyle changes. Some therapeutic alternatives include regulation of glycemia through modulation of different mediators and enzymes, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly relevant cellular energy sensor for metabolic homeostasis regulation, with particular relevance in the modulation of liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential therapeutic target for antidiabetic drugs. In fact, some of them are standard drugs used for treatment of T2D, such as biguanides and thiazolidindiones. In this review, we compile the principal natural products that are activators of AMPK and their effect on glucose metabolism, which could make them candidates as future antidiabetic agents. Phenolics such as flavonoids and resveratrol, alkaloids such as berberine, and some saponins are potential natural activators of AMPK with a potential future as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinologia Experimental y Aplicada, (CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Jiang P, Xiang L, Chen Z, Lu H, Zhou L, Yang L, Ji Y, Liu Y, Sun X, Deng Y, Nie X, Luo R, Zhao X. Catalpol alleviates renal damage by improving lipid metabolism in diabetic db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1750-1761. [PMID: 30018716 PMCID: PMC6038072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of catalpol against diabetic nephropathy in db/db mouse. METHODS 8 week old C57BLKS/J db/db mice (type 2 diabetic mouse model) were divided into three groups to feed for 16 weeks on chow diet with or without catalpol supplementation. Their food intake, water consumption, body weight, and fasting glucose levels were recorded every 4 weeks. At the end of study, urine and blood samples were examined for several metabolic variables, and kidneys were harvested for structural characterization and microarray analysis. RESULTS Catalpol efficiently lowers the fasting glucose and the 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate. Catalpol significantly lowers serum triglycerides, increases high-density lipoproteins, and improves serum creatinine and urea nitrogen. Catalpol-fed mice preserve their kidney structure and renal function better than chow fed db/db mice. Microarray data indicates that lipid metabolism is a potential target of catalpol in exerting protective effect. CONCLUSION Catalpol has a renal protective effect in diabetic db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zewei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lebin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanzhao Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Nie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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32
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Hong YA, Lim JH, Kim MY, Kim Y, Park HS, Kim HW, Choi BS, Chang YS, Kim HW, Kim TY, Park CW. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Attenuates Renal Oxidative Stress Through the Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1543-1561. [PMID: 29020797 PMCID: PMC6909782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We evaluated whether extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) has a renoprotective effect through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in diabetic kidneys. RESULTS Human recombinant EC-SOD (hEC-SOD) was administered to 8-week-old male C57BLKS/J db/db mice through intraperitoneal injection once a week for 8 weeks. Renal SOD3 expression was suppressed in db/db mice, which was significantly enhanced by hEC-SOD treatment. hEC-SOD improved albuminuria, mesangial expansion, and interstitial fibrosis in db/db mice. At the molecular level, hEC-SOD increased phosphorylation of AMPK, activation of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and dephosphorylation of forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO)1 and FoxO3a. The protective effects of hEC-SOD were attributed to enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequently increased expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 and heme oxygenase-1. Consequently, hEC-SOD recovered from systemic and renal inflammation and apoptosis, as reflected by the decreases of serum and renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increases of BCL-2/BAX ratio in diabetic kidney. hEC-SOD also improved oxidative stress and resulted in increased renal and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane levels in db/db mice. In cultured human glomerular endothelial cells, hEC-SOD ameliorated apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by high glucose exposure through activation of AMPK and PGC-1α and dephosphorylation of FoxOs. INNOVATION These findings demonstrated for the first time that EC-SOD can potentially ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation through activation of AMPK and its downstream pathways in diabetic kidneys. CONCLUSIONS EC-SOD is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of type 2 DN through intrarenal AMPK-PGC-1α-Nrf2 and AMPK-FoxOs signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1543-1561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ah Hong
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Suk Park
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 3 Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu C, Qin N, Ren H, Yang M, Liu S, Wang Q. Metformin Regulating miR-34a Pathway to Inhibit Egr1 in Rat Mesangial Cells Cultured with High Glucose. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6462793. [PMID: 29681936 PMCID: PMC5841108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6462793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating AMPKα negatively regulates Egr1 to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in high glucose. miR-34a inhibition increases phosphorylated AMPKα through mediating SIRT1 to suppress the development of fatty liver. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the function of Egr1 on the inflammation and fibrosis in high glucose-cultured MCs, as well as to explore the effects of metformin on miR-34a pathway and Egr1 expression. METHODS We transfected MCs with miR-34a inhibitor. And MCs were transfected with small interfering RNA for silencing Egr1 and SIRT1. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay the transcription levels of Egr1 mRNA and miR-34a. Western blot was used to test the protein. And ELISA was used to measure inflammatory factors. RESULTS High glucose upregulates Egr1 to aggravate the inflammation and fibrosis in MCs. miR-34a suppresses the activation of SIRT1/AMPKα and results in promoting Egr1 in high glucose-cultured MCs. Metformin attenuates high glucose-stimulated inflammation and fibrosis in MCs by regulating miR-34a-mediated SIRT1/AMPKα activity and the downstream Egr1 protein. CONCLUSION We enriched the effects of miR-34a pathway regulating Egr1 in high glucose-cultured MCs. It provides a foundation for future researches considering Egr1 as a therapeutic target and a new direction for the clinical application of metformin in early DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningning Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Fuxin City, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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34
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Gowd V, Jia Z, Chen W. Anthocyanins as promising molecules and dietary bioactive components against diabetes – A review of recent advances. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khoo HE, Azlan A, Tang ST, Lim SM. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1361779. [PMID: 28970777 PMCID: PMC5613902 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group. The pigments are in glycosylated forms. Anthocyanins responsible for the colors, red, purple, and blue, are in fruits and vegetables. Berries, currants, grapes, and some tropical fruits have high anthocyanins content. Red to purplish blue-colored leafy vegetables, grains, roots, and tubers are the edible vegetables that contain a high level of anthocyanins. Among the anthocyanin pigments, cyanidin-3-glucoside is the major anthocyanin found in most of the plants. The colored anthocyanin pigments have been traditionally used as a natural food colorant. The color and stability of these pigments are influenced by pH, light, temperature, and structure. In acidic condition, anthocyanins appear as red but turn blue when the pH increases. Chromatography has been largely applied in extraction, separation, and quantification of anthocyanins. Besides the use of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural dyes, these colored pigments are potential pharmaceutical ingredients that give various beneficial health effects. Scientific studies, such as cell culture studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, show that anthocyanidins and anthocyanins possess antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, improve visual and neurological health, and protect against various non-communicable diseases. These studies confer the health effects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, which are due to their potent antioxidant properties. Different mechanisms and pathways are involved in the protective effects, including free-radical scavenging pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and inflammatory cytokines signaling. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins as natural food colorants and their nutraceutical properties for health. Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular disease VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sou Teng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - See Meng Lim
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Research Progress on Signaling Pathway-Associated Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7156941. [PMID: 28503253 PMCID: PMC5414589 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7156941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms of oxidative stress in endothelial cells is vital to the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the progress within the field of the role of oxidative responses in the physiology and growth of endothelial cells and emphasizes the effects of several main signal pathways involved in the oxidative stress of endothelial cells. Herein, we aim to provide scientific direction that can serve as a basis for researchers specializing in the signaling pathway of oxidative stress.
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Abstract
Studies investigating diabetic nephropathy (DN) have mostly focused on interpreting the pathologic molecular mechanisms of DN, which may provide valuable tools for early diagnosis and prevention of disease onset and progression. Currently, there are few therapeutic drugs for DN, which mainly consist of antihypertensive and antiproteinuric measures that arise from strict renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inactivation. However, these traditional therapies are suboptimal and there is a clear, unmet need for treatments that offer effective schemes beyond glucose control. The complexity and heterogeneity of the DN entity, along with ambiguous renal endpoints that may deter accurate appraisal of new drug potency, contribute to a worsening of the situation. To address these issues, current research into original therapies to treat DN is focusing on the intrinsic renal pathways that intervene with intracellular signaling of anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and metabolic pathways. Mounting evidence in support of the favorable metabolic effects of these novel agents with respect to the renal aspects of DN supports the likelihood of systemic beneficial effects as well. Thus, when translated into clinical use, these novel agents would also address the comorbid factors associated with diabetes, such as obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease. This review will provide a discussion of the promising and effective therapeutic agents for the management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Cheol Whee Park, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6038 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail:
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Zheng B, Chen L, Gonzalez FJ. ISN Forefronts Symposium 2015: Nuclear Receptors and Diabetic Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 1:177-188. [PMID: 28932823 PMCID: PMC5601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major reason for end stage renal disease in the western world. Patients with DN developed more severe cardiovascular complications with worse prognosis. In spite of tight blood pressure and glucose control through applying angiotensin II receptor antagonism, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and even direct renin inhibitors, the progression and development of DN has continued to accelerate. Nuclear receptors are, with few exceptions, ligand-depended transcription factors some of which modulate genes involved in the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrate or lipid, and inflammation. Considering the diverse biological functions of nuclear receptors, efforts have been made to explore their contributions to the pathogenesis of DN and potential therapeutic strategies. This review is mainly focused on the association between various nuclear receptors and the pathogenesis of DN, the potential beneficial effects of targeting these receptors for preventing the progress of DN, and the important role that nuclear receptors may play in future therapeutic strategies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kim Y, Park CW. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2016; 35:69-77. [PMID: 27366660 PMCID: PMC4919564 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and its pathogenesis is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is key to understanding the pathogenesis of DN, which can develop in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of glucose and lipids in renal cells, resulting in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, intracellular hypoxia, and inflammation, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that dysregulation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that plays a principal role in cell growth and cellular energy homeostasis, in relevant tissues is a key component of the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus; thus, targeting this enzyme may ameliorate some pathologic features of this disease. AMPK regulates the coordination of anabolic processes, with its activation proven to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in insulin-resistant animal models, as well as demonstrating mitochondrial biogenesis and antitumor activity. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of DN and offer suggestions for feasible clinical use and future studies of the role of AMPK activators in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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