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Han Z, Zhang L, Ma M, Keshavarzi M. Effects of MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs on Beneficial Action of Exercise on Cognition in Degenerative Diseases: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4. [PMID: 38869810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has exposed a growing body of proof underscoring the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the physical composition of neurons and influencing cognitive functioning in both standard and atypical circumstances. Extensive research has been conducted on the possible application of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases, with a particular focus on brain disorders, as they possess remarkable durability in cell-free surroundings and can endure repeated freezing and thawing processes. It is intriguing to note that miRNAs and lncRNAs have the ability to function through paracrine mechanisms, thereby playing a role in communication between different organs. Recent research has proposed that the improvement of cognitive abilities through physical exercise in mentally healthy individuals is a valuable method for uncovering potential connections between miRNAs, or microRNAs, and lncRNAs, and human cognitive function. The process of cross-correlating data from disease models and patients with existing data will be crucial in identifying essential miRNAs and lncRNAs, which can potentially act as biomarkers or drug targets in the treatment of cognitive disorders. By combining this method with additional research in animal models, we can determine the function of these molecules and their potential impact on therapy. This article discusses the latest research about the primary miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their exosomes that are affected by physical activity in terms of human cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Capital University Of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Minhang Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lombardo D, Franzè MS, Caminiti G, Pollicino T. Hepatitis Delta Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathogens 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38787214 PMCID: PMC11124437 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a compact, enveloped, circular RNA virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins to initiate a primary infection in hepatocytes, assemble, and secrete new virions. Globally, HDV infection affects an estimated 12 million to 72 million people, carrying a significantly elevated risk of developing cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to an HBV mono-infection. Furthermore, HDV-associated HCC often manifests at a younger age and exhibits more aggressive characteristics. The intricate mechanisms driving the synergistic carcinogenicity of the HDV and HBV are not fully elucidated but are believed to involve chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and the direct oncogenic effects of the HDV. Indeed, recent data highlight that the molecular profile of HCC associated with HDV is unique and distinct from that of HBV-induced HCC. However, the question of whether the HDV is an oncogenic virus remains unanswered. In this review, we comprehensively examined several crucial aspects of the HDV, encompassing its epidemiology, molecular biology, immunology, and the associated risks of liver disease progression and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (M.S.F.); (G.C.)
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He F, Liu Z, Feng M, Xiao Z, Yi X, Wu J, Liu Z, Wang G, Li L, Yao H. The lncRNA MEG3/miRNA-21/P38MAPK axis inhibits coxsackievirus 3 replication in acute viral myocarditis. Virus Res 2024; 339:199250. [PMID: 37865350 PMCID: PMC10643532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging on the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulatory factors in a variety of viral infection processes, but the mechanisms underlying their functions in coxsackievirus group B type3 (CVB3)-induced acute viral myocarditis have not been explicitly delineated. We previously demonstrated that CVB3 infection decreases miRNA-21 expression; however, lncRNAs that regulate the miRNA-21-dependent CVB3 disease process have yet to be identified. To evaluate lncRNAs upstream of miRNA-21, differentially expressed lncRNAs in CVB3-infected mouse hearts were identified by microarray analysis and lncRNA/miRNA-21 interactions were predicted bioinformatically. MEG3 was identified as a candidate miRNA-21-interacting lncRNA upregulated in CVB3-infected mouse hearts. MEG3 expression was verified to be upregulated in HeLa cells 48 h post CVB3 infection and to act as a competitive endogenous RNA of miRNA-21. MEG3 knockdown resulted in the upregulation of miRNA-21, which inhibited CVB3 replication by attenuating P38-MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of MEG3 expression before CVB3 infection inhibited viral replication in mouse hearts and alleviated cardiac injury, which improved survival. Furthermore, the knockdown of CREB5, which was predicted bioinformatically to function upstream of MEG3, was demonstrated to decrease MEG3 expression and CVB3 viral replication. This study identifies the function of the lncRNA MEG3/miRNA-21/P38 MAPK axis in the process of CVB3 replication, for which CREB5 could serve as an upstream modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Zonghui Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Beijing, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhewei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Le Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Hailan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, YaBaoRoad 2, Beijing, China.
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Pehlivanoglu B, Aysal A, Agalar C, Egeli T, Ozbilgin M, Unek T, Unek IT, Oztop I, Aktas S, Sagol O. lncRNA XIST Interacts with Regulatory T Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Turk Patoloji Derg 2024; 40:101-108. [PMID: 38265097 PMCID: PMC11131571 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in the expression of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown in chronic hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (CHB-HCC). Here, we aimed to investigate the association between the expression of inflammation-associated lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and the type of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one consecutive cirrhotic patients with CHB-HCC were included. XIST expression levels were investigated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumoral and peritumoral tissue samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD163, CTLA4, and PD-1 were performed. The findings were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Of the 21 cases, 11 (52.4%) had tumoral and 10 (47.6%) had peritumoral XIST expression. No significant association was found between the degree of inflammation and XIST expression. The number of intratumoral CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 positive cells was higher in XIST-expressing tumors, albeit without statistical significance. Tumoral and peritumoral XIST expression tended to be more common in patients with tumoral and peritumoral CD4high inflammation. The number of intratumoral CD25 positive cells was significantly higher in XIST-expressing tumors (p=0.01). Tumoral XIST expression was significantly more common in intratumoral CD25high cases (p=0.04). Peritumoral XIST expression was also more common among patients with CD25high peritumoral inflammation, albeit without statistical significance (p=0.19). CONCLUSION lncRNA XIST is expressed in CHB-HCC and its expression is significantly associated with the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, particularly with the presence and number of CD25 (+) regulatory T cells. In vitro studies are needed to explore the detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anil Aysal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Agalar
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tufan Egeli
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Ozbilgin
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tarkan Unek
- Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Tugba Unek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Oztop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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曹 天, 刘 青, 潘 美, 张 雪. [LncRNA SNHG8 inhibits miR-494-3p expression to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:2015-2022. [PMID: 38189386 PMCID: PMC10774103 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism by which LncRNA SNHG8 regulates miR-494-3p expression to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established, and TTC staining was used to determine the infarct area; ELISA was used to detect the contents of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the brain tissue, and RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression levels of LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-155-5p. A microglial cell model overexpressing LncRNA SNHG8 was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), and inflammatory reaction and apoptosis of the cells were detected using ELISA and flow cytometry. A luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between LncRNA SNHG8 and miR-494-3p. We further constructed a microglial cell model overexpressing both LncRNA SNHG8 the miR-494-3p, and examined inflammatory reactions and apoptosis of the cells following OGD/R exposure. RESULTS In the mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the contents of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in the brain tissue (P < 0.001), where LncRNA SNHG8 expression was lowered (P < 0.01) and miR-494-3p expression increased significantly (P < 0.01). In the microglial cells, overexpression of LncRNA SNHG8 significantly inhibited the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis following OGD/R exposure (P < 0.01), and overexpression of LncRNA SNHG8 strongly inhibited the expression of miR-494-3p (P < 0.01). Overexpression of miR-494-3p in microglia overexpressing SNHG8 partially promoted inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis in response to OGD/R (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LncRNA SNHG8 can improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting the expression of miR-494-3p and suppressing inflammatory reactions and apoptosis of the microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- 天然 曹
- 长沙市第一医院临床试验研究中心,湖南 长沙 410005Clinical Trial Research Center, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 青芳 刘
- 长沙市第一医院神经医学中心,湖南 长沙 410005Neurology Center, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 美民 潘
- 长沙市第一医院临床试验研究中心,湖南 长沙 410005Clinical Trial Research Center, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - 雪红 张
- 长沙市第一医院临床试验研究中心,湖南 长沙 410005Clinical Trial Research Center, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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Milosevic I, Todorovic N, Filipovic A, Simic J, Markovic M, Stevanovic O, Malinic J, Katanic N, Mitrovic N, Nikolic N. HCV and HCC Tango-Deciphering the Intricate Dance of Disease: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16048. [PMID: 38003240 PMCID: PMC10671156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for around one-third of all HCC cases. Prolonged inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), maintained through a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, is one of the aspects of carcinogenesis, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Immune response dysfunction including the innate and adaptive immunity also plays a role in the development, as well as in the recurrence of HCC after treatment. Some of the tumor suppressor genes inhibited by the HCV proteins are p53, p73, and retinoblastoma 1. Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the oncogene catenin beta 1 are two more important carcinogenic signaling pathways in HCC associated with HCV. Furthermore, in HCV-related HCC, numerous tumor suppressor and seven oncogenic genes are dysregulated by epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is considered as a lasting "epigenetic memory", suggesting that HCV-induced changes persist and are associated with liver carcinogenesis even after cure. Epigenetic changes and immune response dysfunction are recognized targets for potential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nevena Todorovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Ana Filipovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jelena Simic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Marko Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Olja Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jovan Malinic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Katanic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Situated in Kosovska Mitrovica, 28000 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Nikola Mitrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
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Abdelsattar S, Fahim SA, Kamel HFM, Al-Amodi H, Kasemy ZA, Khalil FO, Abdallah MS, Bedair HM, Gadallah ANAA, Sabry A, Sakr MA, Selim M, Gayed EMAE. The Potential Role of Circulating Long Miscellaneous RNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatitis C Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:62. [PMID: 37888208 PMCID: PMC10609931 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and crucial for the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the circulating long miscellaneous RNAs; LINC01419, AK021443, and AF070632 in HCV-related HCC patients. Real-time PCR was used to measure their relative expression levels in the plasma of 194 HCV patients, 120 HCV-related HCC patients and 120 healthy controls. LINC01419 and AK021443 expression levels had significantly increasing linear trend estimates while AF070632 was dramatically downregulated in HCC compared to HCV. Interestingly, LINC01419 and AK021443 served as more significant diagnostic biomarkers for HCC than AF070632 and AFP. Multivariate analysis with cox regression revealed that the high expression of AK021443 [HR = 10.06, CI95%: 3.36-30.07], the high expression of LINC01419 [HR 4.13, CI95%: 1.32-12.86], and the low expression of AF070632 [HR = 2.70, CI95%: 1.07-6.81] were significant potential prognostic factors for HCC. Besides, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HCC patients with high LIN01419 and AK021443 and low AF070632 expression levels had shorter OS. The circulating LINC01419 and AK021443 can be used as noninvasive potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of HCV-related HCC patients than AF070632 providing new targets for limiting the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Sally A. Fahim
- Biochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Cairo 94114, Egypt;
| | - Hala F. M. Kamel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hiba Al-Amodi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeinab A. Kasemy
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Fatma O. Khalil
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Hanan M. Bedair
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | | | - Aliaa Sabry
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Sakr
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Selim
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt;
| | - Eman M. Abd El Gayed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
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Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Modifications in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic HCV Patients. LIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among chronically infected HCV patients. It is established that HCV is a primary risk factor for HCC progression. The treatment of HCV infection has been transformed by the introduction of DAAs with high rates of virological clearance. The reduction in cirrhosis-related consequences, particularly HCC, is the long-term objective of DAAs therapy for HCV. Although the risk of developing HCC is decreased in HCV patients who achieve a disease-sustaining virological response, these patients are nevertheless at risk, especially those with severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that HCV induce several mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis in the host’s hepatic micro- and macro-environment, which leads to HCC progression. In an HCV-altered environment, compensatory liver regeneration favors chromosomal instability and irreversible alterations, which encourage hepatocyte neoplastic transformation and the development of malignant clones. These mechanisms involve a series of genetic and epigenetic modifications including host genetic factors, dysregulation of several signaling pathways, histone, and DNA modifications including methylation and acetylation. This review highlights the genetic and epigenetic factors that lead to the development of HCC in chronic HCV-infected individuals and can be targeted for earlier HCC diagnosis and prevention.
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Machida K. HCV and tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903302. [PMID: 36187761 PMCID: PMC9520593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that are characterized by increased drug resistance. The incidence of many cancer types have trended downward except for few cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore mechanism of HCC development and therapy resistance needs to be understood. These multiple hits by hepatitis C virus (HCV) eventually promotes transformation and TIC genesis, leading to HCC development. This review article describes links between HCV-associated HCC and TICs. This review discusses 1) how HCV promotes genesis of TICs and HCC development; 2) how this process avails itself as a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment; and 3) ten hall marks of TIC oncogenesis and HCC development as targets for novel therapeutic modalities.
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Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Long noncoding RNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and oncogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2823-2842. [PMID: 35978877 PMCID: PMC9280728 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diverse long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and oncogenesis, especially those dysregulated in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of these dysregulated lncRNAs are modulated by the HBV X protein. The regulatory mechanisms of some lncRNAs in HBV replication and oncogenesis have been characterized. Genetic polymorphisms of several lncRNAs affecting HBV replication or oncogenesis have also been studied. The prognosis of HCC remains poor. It is important to identify novel tumor markers for early diagnosis and find more therapeutic targets for effective treatments of HCC. Some dysregulated lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC may become biomarkers for early diagnosis and/or the therapeutic targets of HCC. This mini-review summarizes these findings briefly, focusing on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Chen L, Li S, Shi W, Wu Y. An Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals EGFR Exon-19 E746-A750 Fragment Deletion Regulated miRNA, circRNA, mRNA and lncRNA Networks in Lung Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6031-6042. [PMID: 35818580 PMCID: PMC9270948 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) appears to be an important post-transcriptional manner that regulates gene expression through a miRNA-mediated mechanism. Mutations in exon-19 of EGFR were frequently observed in lung cancer genes, which were associated with EGFR activity and EGFR-targeted therapies. Methods We explored the transcriptome regulated by mutation in EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 fragment via using a network modeling strategy. We applied transcriptome sequencing to detect the deletion process of EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 fragment. Bio-informatics analyses were used to predict the gene target pairs and explain their potential roles in tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer. Results We conducted an explorative lncRNA/miRNA/circRNA and mRNA expression study with two groups of lung adenocarcinoma tissues, including EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 deletion group and EGFR exon-19 wild-type group. Meanwhile, we screen out the hub genes related to the EGFR-19-D patient. Significant pathways and biological functions potentially regulated by the deregulated 128 non-coding genes were enriched. Conclusion Our work provides an important theoretical, experimental and clinical foundation for further research on more effective targets for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyi Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yibo Wu; Weifeng Shi, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-510-68089762; +86-510-68089762, Fax +86-510-68089762, Email ;
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12
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De Martino M, Esposito F, Capone M, Pallante P, Fusco A. Noncoding RNAs in Thyroid-Follicular-Cell-Derived Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133079. [PMID: 35804851 PMCID: PMC9264824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid tumors represent the most common neoplastic pathology of the endocrine system. Mutations occurring in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are responsible for thyroid carcinogenesis; however, the complete mutational landscape characterizing these neoplasias has not been completely unveiled. It has been established that only the 2% of the human genome codes for proteins, suggesting that the vast majority of the genome has regulatory capabilities, which, if altered, could account for the onset of cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the characterization of the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs, which represent an abundant part of the transcribed noncoding genome. In this review, we mainly focus on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and pseudogenes in thyroid cancer. The determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of thyroid cancers based on the evaluation of the noncoding RNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting these pathologies. Abstract Among the thyroid neoplasias originating from follicular cells, we can include well-differentiated carcinomas, papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas, and the undifferentiated anaplastic (ATC) carcinomas. Several mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have already been observed in these malignancies; however, we are still far from the comprehension of their full regulation-altered landscape. Even if only 2% of the human genome has the ability to code for proteins, most of the noncoding genome is transcribed, constituting the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), whose alterations are associated with the development of several human diseases, including cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the elucidation of their biological role. In this review, we analyze the scientific literature regarding the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and pseudogenes in FTC, PTC, and ATC. Recent findings emphasized the role of lncRNAs in all steps of cancer progression. In particular, lncRNAs may control progression steps by regulating the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastatization. In conclusion, the determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer based on the evaluation of the ncRNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Capone
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
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13
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Stella L, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M, Ponziani FR. Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: From molecular pathways to the role of clinical surveillance and antiviral treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2251-2281. [PMID: 35800182 PMCID: PMC9185215 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health challenge. Due to the high prevalence in low-income countries, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infections remain the main risk factors for HCC occurrence, despite the increasing frequencies of non-viral etiologies. In addition, hepatitis D virus coinfection increases the oncogenic risk in patients with HBV infection. The molecular processes underlying HCC development are complex and various, either independent from liver disease etiology or etiology-related. The reciprocal interlinkage among non-viral and viral risk factors, the damaged cellular microenvironment, the dysregulation of the immune system and the alteration of gut-liver-axis are known to participate in liver cancer induction and progression. Oncogenic mechanisms and pathways change throughout the natural history of viral hepatitis with the worsening of liver fibrosis. The high risk of cancer incidence in chronic viral hepatitis infected patients compared to other liver disease etiologies makes it necessary to implement a proper surveillance, both through clinical-biochemical scores and periodic ultrasound assessment. This review aims to outline viral and microenvironmental factors contributing to HCC occurrence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and to point out the importance of surveillance programs recommended by international guidelines to promote early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Stella
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
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14
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LncRNA TSPEAR-AS1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes metastasis via miR-1915-5p. Virus Res 2022; 315:198788. [PMID: 35477008 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) will contribute to more than half of the liver deaths worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of TSPEAR-AS1 in HBV-HCC and its role in the HBV-HCC progression. METHODS HBV-HCC tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANT) were detected to figure out the expression level of TSPEAR-AS1 using real-time quantitative PCR. The relationship between TSPEAR-AS1 expression and each important clinical characteristic was evaluated. And the prognostic significance of TSPEAR-AS1 was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to observe the effects of TSPEAR-AS1 on HBV-HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS The TSPEAR-AS1 expression was downregulated in HBV-HCC tissues, as well as in HBV-HCC cell lines. The downregulation of TSPEAR-AS1 showed a significant association with TNM stage, clinical stage, and vascular invasion and predicted poor prognosis of HBV-HCC patients. Overexpression of TSPEAR-AS1 inhibited HBV-HCC cell ability of proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. TSPEAR-AS1 may bind to miR-1915-5p in HCC. CONCLUSION TSPEAR-AS1 expression was downregulated in HBV-HCC and may serve as a potential prognostic factor. TSPEAR-AS1 might exert a suppressor role in HBV-HCC through inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
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15
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Samudh N, Shrilall C, Arbuthnot P, Bloom K, Ely A. Diversity of Dysregulated Long Non-Coding RNAs in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834650. [PMID: 35154157 PMCID: PMC8831247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to pose a major threat to public health as approximately 292 million people worldwide are currently living with the chronic form of the disease, for which treatment is non-curative. Chronic HBV infections often progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is one of the world’s leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Although the process of hepatocarcinogenesis is multifaceted and has yet to be fully elucidated, several studies have implicated numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as contributors to the development of HCC. These host-derived lncRNAs, which are often dysregulated as a consequence of viral infection, have been shown to function as signals, decoys, guides, or scaffolds, to modulate gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and even post-translational levels. These lncRNAs mainly function to promote HBV replication and oncogene expression or downregulate tumor suppressors. Very few lncRNAs are known to suppress tumorigenesis and these are often downregulated in HCC. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which lncRNA dysregulation in HBV-related HCC promotes tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Samudh
- Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Creanne Shrilall
- Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristie Bloom
- Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abdullah Ely
- Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Balandeh E, Mohammadshafie K, Mahmoudi Y, Hossein Pourhanifeh M, Rajabi A, Bahabadi ZR, Mohammadi AH, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Roles of Non-coding RNAs and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716462. [PMID: 34646821 PMCID: PMC8502969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the significant hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis. It has a crucial function in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, angiogenesis has become one of the most exciting targets for drug development in cancer treatment. Here we discuss the regulatory effects on angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GBM) of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These ncRNAs may function in trans or cis forms and modify gene transcription by various mechanisms, including epigenetics. NcRNAs may also serve as crucial regulators of angiogenesis-inducing molecules. These molecules include, metalloproteinases, cytokines, several growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and epidermal growth factor), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforming growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Balandeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Mahmoudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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17
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Zhao P, Malik S, Xing S. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in HCV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Front Oncol 2021; 11:677926. [PMID: 34336665 PMCID: PMC8320331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, which is largely caused by virus infection. About 80% of the virus-infected people develop a chronic infection that eventually leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With approximately 71 million HCV chronic infected patients worldwide, they still have a high risk of HCC in the near future. However, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in chronic HCV infection have not been still fully understood, which involve a complex epigenetic regulation and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize 18 specific gene targets and different signaling pathways involved in recent findings. With these epigenetic alterations requiring histone modifications and DNA hyper or hypo-methylation of these specific genes, the dysregulation of gene expression is also associated with different signaling pathways for the HCV life cycle and HCC. These findings provide a novel insight into a correlation between HCV infection and HCC tumorigenesis, as well as potentially preventable approaches. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection largely causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide with 3 to 4 million newly infected cases diagnosed each year. It is urgent to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms for therapeutic treatment and biomarker discovery. However, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in chronic HCV infection have not been still fully understood, which involve a complex epigenetic regulation and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize 18 specific gene targets and different signaling pathways involved in recent findings. With these epigenetic alterations requiring histone modifications and DNA hyper or hypo-methylation of these specific genes, the dysregulation of gene expression is also associated with different signaling pathways for the HCV life cycle and HCC. These findings provide a novel insight into a correlation between HCV infection and HCC tumorigenesis, as well as potentially preventable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhao
- Guandong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samiullah Malik
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Ranjbar R, Behjatfar M, Teimouri A, Aghaie Fard A, Maniati M, Taheri-Anganeh M. Long non-coding RNAs and microorganism-associated cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:844-853. [PMID: 34227160 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancerous cells are abnormal cells characterized by aberrant growth and proliferation, which can involve various types of cells and tissues. Through numerous signalling pathways, many mechanisms are involved in cells that keep them normal. These signalling pathways are tightly set by different proteins whose expression is regulated by a large number of factors. In other words, when a regulating factor does not act properly or undergoes a change in its function or expression, the result will be that the subordinate gene and subsequently the related protein will show deranged expression and activity. This leads to disordered signalling pathways which bring about uncontrolled proliferation in cells. One of the most significant factors in adjusting the expression of genes is noncoding RNAs. It should be noted that all underlying causes initiating malignancy try to alter the main regulatory factors in cellular processes and gene expression and direct the cell to an unregulated state. Microorganisms have been identified as one of the important elements to direct normal cells to abnormality. That is, they probably agitate the malignant traits through manipulating significant factors such as ncRNAs in given cells using their own or host-related factors. The present study is aimed at examining how the long noncoding RNAs are involved in microorganism-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Behjatfar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kazeroon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Ali Teimouri
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arad Aghaie Fard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The lncRNAs in HBV-Related HCCs: Targeting Chromatin Dynamics and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133115. [PMID: 34206504 PMCID: PMC8268133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common and fast rising cause of cancer, is responsible for over 800,000 deaths/year. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for >50% of the cases worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), untranslated transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, by acting both in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, regulate gene expression both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The lncRNAs have been involved in the development and progression of many cancers, including HCC. In this review, we describe the role of lncRNAs in HBV infection and HBV-related liver carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of lncRNAs as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fourth leading and fastest rising cause of cancer death (841,000 new cases and 782,000 deaths annually), and hepatitis B (HBV), with 250 million people chronically infected at risk of developing HCC, accounts for >50% of the cases worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), untranslated transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, are implicated in gene regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, exerting their activities both in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Thanks to high-throughput sequencing techniques, several lncRNAs have been shown to favor the establishment of chronic HBV infection, to change the host transcriptome to establish a pro-carcinogenic environment, and to directly participate in HCC development and progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in HBV infection and HBV-related liver carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of lncRNAs as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers.
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Hull R, Mbita Z, Dlamini Z. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), viral oncogenomics, and aberrant splicing events: therapeutics implications. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:866-883. [PMID: 33791160 PMCID: PMC7994164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that worldwide up to 10% of all human cancers are the result of viral infection, with 7.2% of all cancers in the developed world have a viral aetiology. In contrast, 22.9% of infections in the developing world are the result of viral infections. This number increases to 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa. The ability of viral infections to induce the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is well documented. These viruses are mainly Hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein Barr virus, Human papillomavirus and Human Cytomegalovirus. They can induce the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells and this may be the underlying cause of carcinogenesis in many different types of cancer. These include liver cancer, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer and even glioblastoma. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) can function by regulating the expression of their target genes by controlling the stability of the target mRNAs or by blocking translation of the target mRNA. They can control transcription by regulating the recruitment of transcription factors or chromatin modification complexes. Finally, lncRNAs can control the phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination of proteins at the post-translation level. Thus, altering protein localisation, function, folding, stability and ultimately expression. In addition to these functions, lncRNA also regulate alternate pre-mRNA splicing in ways that contribute to the formation of tumours. This mainly involves the interaction of lncRNAs with splicing factors, which alters their activity and function. The ability of lncRNAs to regulate the stability, expression and function of tumour suppressor proteins is important in the development and progression of cancers. LncRNAs also regulate viral replication and latency, leading to carcinogenesis. These factors all make lncRNAs ideal targets for the development of biomarker arrays that can be based on secreted lncRNAs leading to the development of affordable non-invasive biomarker tests for the stage specific diagnosis of tumours. These lncRNAs can also serve as targets for the development of new anticancer drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Hull
- SA-MRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria Hatfield0028, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of LimpopoSovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SA-MRC/UP Precision Prevention & Novel Drug Targets for HIV-Associated Cancers Extramural Unit, Pan African Cancer Research Institute, University of Pretoria Hatfield0028, South Africa
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Khaledi F, Ghasemi S. A review on epigenetic effects of environmental factors causing and inhibiting cancer. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:8-24. [PMID: 33573554 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210211112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications refer to reversible changes in gene expression. Epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs that are collectively called epigenome. Various epigenetic effects account for the main impacts of environment and lifestyle on multifactorial diseases such as cancers. The environment's impacts on cancers act as double-edged swords. While some of them are involved in cancer development, some others contribute to preventing it. In this review article, the keywords 'cancer', 'epigenetic', 'lifestyle', 'carcinogen', ' cancer inhibitors" and related words were searched to finding a link between environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms influencing cancer in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the literature environmental factors that are effective in cancer development or cancer prevention in this review will be divided into physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle types. Different types of epigenetic mechanisms known for each of these agents will be addressed in this review. Unregulated changes in epigenome play roles in tumorigenicity and cancer development. The action mechanism and genes targeted which are related to the signaling pathway for epigenetic alterations determine whether environmental agents are carcinogenic or prevent cancer. Having knowledge about the effective factors and related mechanisms such as epigenetic on cancer can help to prevent and better cancers treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaledi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
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22
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Soliman SE, ElTorgoman AMA, Assar MF, El Abd NS, Gohar SF, Girgis RE. Biochemical and molecular study of long non-coding RNAs (HOTTIP, ZEB-AS1 and MEG-3) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Liu L, He C, Liu H, Wang G, Lv Z, Ni Y, Mou L, Zhan Y, Liu J. Transcriptomic profiling of long non-coding RNAs in non-virus associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:465-474. [PMID: 32405957 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to falling prevalence of viral hepatitis (VH), obesity, alcoholism and related liver diseases have become increasingly frequent and important as causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression in VH-negative HCC remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in pathogenesis of human diseases, including HCC. Here, by analyzing 20 clinical samples' RNA-sequencing data generated from 8 VH-negative and 2 VH-positive HCC patients, we have identified and characterized 1,514 candidate lncRNAs. For differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05, |FC| > 2), the upregulated genes were mainly involved in the cell proliferation, and the downregulated genes mediated the metabolic processes and responses to oxidative stress, inflammation and toxic substances. Furthermore, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed, by which two genetic aberrations with high frequency in HCC, SPATA46 and TMEM78, were identified. In addition, we identified 16 DEGs between tumor issues from VH-negative and VH-positive HCC patients with aim to explore gene expression differences that could be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC with varying etiology. In conclusion, we performed the comprehensive analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles, which could provide valuable insights into the underlying genetic alteration in non-virus associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Haosheng Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganlu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwu Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Hepatological Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Hepatological Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ginn
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence At Manchester and University College London England UK
| | - Manuela La Montagna
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence At Manchester and University College London England UK
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science Yangtze University Jingzhou Hubei China
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove East Bohemia Czech Republic
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence At Manchester and University College London England UK
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25
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Unfried JP, Fortes P. LncRNAs in HCV Infection and HCV-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062255. [PMID: 32214045 PMCID: PMC7139329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with poor coding capacity that may interact with proteins, DNA, or other RNAs to perform structural and regulatory functions. The lncRNA transcriptome changes significantly in most diseases, including cancer and viral infections. In this review, we summarize the functional implications of lncRNA-deregulation after infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV leads to chronic infection in many patients that may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most lncRNAs deregulated in infected cells that have been described function to potentiate or block the antiviral response and, therefore, they have a great impact on HCV viral replication. In addition, several lncRNAs upregulated by the infection contribute to viral release. Finally, many lncRNAs have been described as deregulated in HCV-related HCC that function to enhance cell survival, proliferation, and tumor progression by different mechanisms. Interestingly, some HCV-related HCC lncRNAs can be detected in bodily fluids, and there is great hope that they could be used as biomarkers to predict cancer initiation, progression, tumor burden, response to treatment, resistance to therapy, or tumor recurrence. Finally, there is high confidence that lncRNAs could also be used to improve the suboptimal long-term outcomes of current HCC treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Fortes
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948194700
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26
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Machida K. Cell fate, metabolic reprogramming and lncRNA of tumor-initiating stem-like cells induced by alcohol. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109055. [PMID: 32171851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism synergizes the development of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients infected with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV). Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are refractory to therapy and have expression of stemness transcription factors. Leaky-gut-derived endotoxin stimulates TLR4-NANOG pathway that skews asymmetric cell division and that metabolically reprograms hepatocytes/liver progenitor cells, leading to self-renewal. TICs isolated from mouse HCC models or human HCCs are tumorigenic and have p53 degradation via phosphorylation of the protective protein NUMB and its dissociation from p53 by the oncofetal protein TBC1D15. Furthermore, dysregulation of lncRNA promotes genesis of TICs, leading to HCC development. This review describes roles of cell fate decision, metabolic reprogramming and lncRNA for TIC genesis and liver oncogenesis. This project was supported by NIH grants 1R01AA018857-01, 5R21AA025470, P50AA11999 (Animal Core, Morphology Core, and Pilot Project Program), R24AA012885 (Non-Parenchymal Liver Cell Core) and pilot project funding (5P30DK048522-13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Machida
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Wang H, Zheng X, Jin J, Zheng L, Guan T, Huo Y, Xie S, Wu Y, Chen W. LncRNA MALAT1 silencing protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-145 to regulate AQP4. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:40. [PMID: 32138732 PMCID: PMC7059719 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to verify whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 is involved in brain tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanism by which MALAT1 regulates aquaporin 4 (AQP4). METHODS In this study, we established glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation (RX) astrocyte cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion mouse model in vitro and in vivo. Then cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis, Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and western blotting were used to determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, cerebral infarction volume, and the abundance of AQP4, respectively. RESULTS We found that the level of MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in both the MCAO/reperfusion model and OGD/RX model. Knockdown of MALAT1 increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in MA-C cells, while an AQP4 siRNA combined with a siRNA targeting MALAT1 could not enhance this effect. Further experiments showed that MALAT1 positively regulated AQP4 expression via miR-145. The MALAT1 siRNA did not alleviate the exacerbation of damage after miR-145 inhibitor action. However, an miR-145 inhibitor reversed the protection effects of MALAT1, indicating that MALAT1 silencing protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR-145. TTC staining showed that the infracted area of whole brain was significantly attenuated in treated with sh-MALAT1 group in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study confirmed that MALAT1 promotes cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by affecting AQP4 expression through competitively binding miR-145, indicating that MALAT1 might be a new therapeutic target for treatment cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of anesthesiology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, NO.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, NO.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Guan
- Department of anesthesiology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfan Huo
- Department of anesthesiology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufen Xie
- Department of anesthesiology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, NO.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, NO.234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
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28
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Pellecchia S, Sepe R, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Ivan C, Shimizu M, Coppola C, Testa D, Calin GA, Fusco A, Pallante P. The Long Non-Coding RNA Prader Willi/Angelman Region RNA5 ( PAR5) Is Downregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas Where It Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing EZH2 Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010235. [PMID: 31963578 PMCID: PMC7017000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents one the most aggressive neoplasias in humans, and, nowadays, limited advances have been made to extend the survival and reduce the mortality of ATC. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanism underlying its progression is needed. Here, we evaluated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of nine ATC in comparison with five normal thyroid tissues by a lncRNA microarray. By this analysis, we identified 19 upregulated and 28 downregulated lncRNAs with a fold change >1.1 or <−1.1 and p-value < 0.05, in ATC samples. Some of them were subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. Then, we investigated the role of the lncRNA Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA5 (PAR5), drastically and specifically downregulated in ATC. The restoration of PAR5 reduces proliferation and migration rates of ATC-derived cell lines indicating that its downregulation contributes to thyroid cancer progression. Our results suggest that PAR5 exerts its anti-oncogenic role by impairing Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) oncogenic activity since we demonstrated that PAR5 interacts with it in thyroid cancer cell lines, reducing EZH2 protein levels and its binding on the E-cadherin promoter, relieving E-cadherin from the negative regulation by EZH2. Consistently, EZH2 is overexpressed in ATC, but not in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The results reported here define a tumor suppressor role for PAR5 in undifferentiated thyroid neoplasias, further highlighting the pivotal role of lncRNAs in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pellecchia
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Sepe
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre de Biologie Sud, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Universite Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France;
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carmela Coppola
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Domenico Testa
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (M.S.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II” via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (P.P.)
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29
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Wang D, Chen F, Zeng T, Tang Q, Chen B, Chen L, Dong Y, Li X. Comprehensive biological function analysis of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2020; 8:157-167. [PMID: 33997162 PMCID: PMC8099694 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered in human genomes by gene chip, next-generation sequencing, and/or other methods in recent years, which represent a significant subset of the universal genes involved in a wide range of biological functions. An abnormal expression of lncRNAs is associated with the growth, invasion, and metastasis of various types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is an aggressive, highly malignant, and invasive tumor, and a poor prognosis in China. With a more in-depth understanding of lncRNA research for HCC and the emergence of new molecular-targeted therapies, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC will be considerably improved. Therefore, this review is expected to provide recommendations and directions for future lncRNA research for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, Rongchang 402460, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Qingxia Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, Rongchang 402460, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, Rongchang 402460, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Dong
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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30
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Involvement and Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Molecular Mechanisms of Emerging and Reemerging Viral Infections. EMERGING AND REEMERGING VIRAL PATHOGENS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7150007 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814966-9.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang X, Chen H, Liu L, Liu S. Long non‑coding RNAs in HBV‑related hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 56:18-32. [PMID: 31746420 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem that accounts for more than half of total liver cancer cases in developing countries. Despite the growing number of researches conducted, the molecular mechanism underlying the development of HCC remains elusive. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are non‑coding RNAs >200 nt in length that were previously considered to be transcriptional noise, have been found to be dysregulated in HBV‑related HCC with the help of high‑throughput omics techniques. Subsequent investigations revealed that aberrant expression of lncRNAs may affect the risk of HBV‑related HCC through diverse mechanisms, including epigenetic silencing of transcriptional activation, alternative splicing, molecular sponging, modulating protein stability, and by serving as precursors of miRNAs. Although the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNAs must be further validated, a number of circulating lncRNAs have been identified as useful biomarkers for HBV‑related HCC. In addition to these findings, recent studies also unveiled that certain genetic polymorphisms in lncRNAs may affect the occurrence and prognosis of HBV‑related HCC. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of lncRNAs in HBV‑related HCC. Subsequently, lncRNAs found to be dysregulated in HBV‑related HCC were focused on and current findings on circulating lncRNAs and their genetic polymorphisms were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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32
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Zhuo X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Gao L, Qiao X, Chen T. LncRNA AK094457 promotes AngII-mediated hypertension and endothelial dysfunction through suppressing of activation of PPARγ. Life Sci 2019; 233:116745. [PMID: 31404524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease worldwide and is striking more young people, which is characterized by impaired vascular endothelial function. To find the functional lncRNAs associated with hypertension, high throughput lncRNA microarray were used to analyze expression profile of the lncRNAs in the aortic vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The tail vein injection of siRNA was used to study the influence of lncRNA AK094457 inhibition on endothelial function in vivo. In vitro, endothelial function was studied in endothelial cells transfected with lncRNA AK094457-overexpressed vectors and siRNAs. pPPARγ and iNOS protein levels were detected with Western blot. Elisa assay was used to analyze the secretion of AngII, ET-1, ROS and LDH level. The nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) concentration was measured using a colorimetric assay. LncRNA AK094457 was a most upregulated lncRNA in SHRs. It is showed that downregulation of AK094457 significantly reduced rat arterial pressure, increased activation of endothelial PPARγ, and suppressed serum contents of AngII and NO in vivo. Furthermore, results from gain-and-loss of function in primary aortic endothelial cells indicated that AK094457 negatively regulated activation of PPARγ and promoted AngII-mediated endothelial dysfunction, manifested by decreased capacities of cell proliferation and migration, and increased levels of ROS production and LDH release. In conclusion, lncRNA AK094457 is identified as a key regulator in blood pressure and endothelial function, which can increase AngII-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via suppression of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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33
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Sharma G, Tripathi SK, Das S. lncRNA HULC facilitates efficient loading of HCV-core protein onto lipid droplets and subsequent virus-particle release. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13086. [PMID: 31290220 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular lipid pool plays a central role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle, from establishing infection to virus propagation. Here, we show that a liver abundant long noncoding RNA, highly upregulated in liver carcinoma (HULC), is upregulated during HCV infection and manipulates the lipid pool to favour virus life cycle. Interestingly, HULC was found to be crucial for the increase in number of lipid droplets in infected cells. This effect was attributed to the role of HULC in lipid biogenesis. Further, we demonstrated that HULC knockdown decreases the association of HCV-core protein with lipid droplets. This exhibited a direct consequence on the release of HCV particles. The role of HULC in HCV-particle release was further substantiated by additional knockdown and mutation experiments. Additionally, we found that increased level of HULC in HCV-infected cells was a result of Retinoid X Receptor Alpha (RXRA)-mediated transcription, which seemed to be aided by HCV-core protein. Taken together, the results identify a distinct role of long noncoding RNA HULC in lipid dynamics during HCV infection, which provides new insights into the complex process of HCV propagation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
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34
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Puigvehí M, Moctezuma-Velázquez C, Villanueva A, Llovet JM. The oncogenic role of hepatitis delta virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:120-130. [PMID: 32039360 PMCID: PMC7001537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small defective virus that needs hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate and propagate. HDV infection affects 20-40 million people worldwide and pegylated interferon (PegIFN) is the only recommended therapy. There is limited data on the contribution of HDV infection to HBV-related liver disease or liver cancer. Evidence from retrospective and cohort studies suggests that HBV/HDV coinfection accelerates progression to cirrhosis and is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development compared to HBV monoinfection. Although the life cycle of HDV is relatively well known, there is only ancillary information on the molecular mechanisms that can drive specific HDV-related oncogenesis. No thorough reports on the specific landscape of mutations or molecular classes of HDV-related HCC have been published. This information could be critical to better understand the uniqueness, if any, of HDV-related HCC and help identify novel targetable mutations. Herein, we review the evidence supporting an oncogenic role of HDV, the main reported mechanisms of HDV involvement and their impact on HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Puigvehí
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Hepatology Section, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Moctezuma-Velázquez
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Denotes co-senior authorship
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Denotes co-senior authorship
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35
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Talebi A, Akbari A, Mobini GR, Ashtari S, Pourhoseingholi MA. Biological and Clinical Relevance of Long Non-Coding RNA PCAT-1 in Cancer, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:667-674. [PMID: 30909662 PMCID: PMC6825761 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1) has been identified as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of dysregulation as well as the biological and clinical significance of lnc-PCAT-1 for predicting the malignancy status in several cancers. Two independent reviewers conducted an extensive search in electronic databases of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed until the December of 2017. Five articles investigating the clinical significance of lncRNA PCAT-1, including 996 patients, were analyzed. Our results revealed that the increased PCAT-1 expression was related to overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.13-3.18, P=0.015). Also, pooled results of the diagnostic data analysis demonstrated that PCAT-1 has a sensitivity of 0.59 and specificity of 0.66 for cancer diagnosis. Moreover, pooled area under curve was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.58–0.69). This meta-analysis revealed that lncRNA PCAT-1 could be served as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Reza Mobini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS), Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sara Ashtari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Oskooei VK, Ghafouri-Fard S. Are long non-coding RNAs involved in the interaction circuit between estrogen receptor and vitamin D receptor? Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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37
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Liao K, Ma X, Chen B, Lu X, Hu Y, Lin Y, Huang R, Qiu Y. Upregulated AHIF-mediated radioresistance in glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:617-623. [PMID: 30606477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathobiology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Though radiotherapy remains the most effective component of multiple therapies for patients with GBM, lncRNAs conferring GBM radioresistance are less unknown. Here, the present study identified that the antisense transcript of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (AHIF) was upregulated in GBM cells after radiotherapy. The deregulation of AHIF affected GBM cell clonogenic formation, DNA repair and apoptosis. Notably, knockdown of AHIF inhibited tumorigenesis after radiotherapy in vivo. Further biochemical analysis identified that AHIF regulated proteins associated with apoptosis after radiotherapy. Thus, the present data illustrate that suppression of AHIF increases radiosensitivity in GBM cells, which may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi No.2 Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhua Huang
- Department of Radiation, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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38
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Dai X, Liao K, Zhuang Z, Chen B, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Lin G, Zhang F, Lin Y, Miao Y, Li Z, Huang R, Qiu Y, Lin R. AHIF promotes glioblastoma progression and radioresistance via exosomes. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:261-270. [PMID: 30387845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has the highest mortality rate among patients with brain tumors, and radiotherapy forms an important part of its treatment. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to elucidate the mechanisms conferring GBM progression and radioresistance. In the present study, it was identified that antisense transcript of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (AHIF) was significantly upregulated in GBM cancerous tissues, as well as in radioresistant GBM cells. The expression of AHIF was also upregulated in response to radiation. Knockdown of AHIF in GBM cells decreased viability and invasive capacities, and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. By contrast, overexpression of AHIF in GBM cells increased viability and invasive capacities, and decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, exosomes derived from AHIF‑knockdown GBM cells inhibited viability, invasion and radioresistance, whereas exosomes derived from AHIF‑overexpressing GBM cells promoted viability, invasion and radioresistance. Further biochemical analysis identified that AHIF regulates factors associated with migration and angiogenesis in exosomes. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to establish that AHIF promotes glioblastoma progression and radioresistance via exosomes, which suggests that AHIF is a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Keman Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Sunhai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Guoshi Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Shanghai Neurological Research Institute of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Ruisheng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
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Bao J, Chen X, Hou Y, Kang G, Li Q, Xu Y. LncRNA DBH-AS1 facilitates the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting miR-138 via FAK/Src/ERK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:824-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Non-Coding RNAs and Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110591. [PMID: 30380697 PMCID: PMC6265700 DOI: 10.3390/v10110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem and is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite recent improvements, effective treatments for HCC are still missing and new tools for early detection are needed. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and key players in human carcinogenesis, including HCC. Aberrant expression of ncRNAs is associated with HCC metastasis, invasion, dissemination, and recurrence. This review will focus on the recent advances in ncRNA expression profiles, their dysregulation in HCV-related HCC, and the clinical perspective of ncRNA signatures for the early detection of HCC.
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Zhao P, Wu H, Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Zhong W, Li B, Li C, Liu Z, Yang M. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12604. [PMID: 30313048 PMCID: PMC6203524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious type of coronary atherosclerotic diseases. The incidence of AMI in some countries increases year by year, and shows younger trend. Some study indicated that abnormal expression of lncRNAs was closely related to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the lncRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with AMI through controlled studies.In the present study, we examined the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in 8 patients with AMI, with 7 NCA (noncoronary artery) subjects as controls using RNA sequencing protocol (RNA-seq) on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for bioinformatic analysis including gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm the differential expression of lncRNAs.We kept about 11.29 gigabase (Gb) high-quality sequence data while the Q30 ranged from 94.39% to 95.19% for each sample. Compared to the lncRNA expression profiles of NCA controls, a total of 106 differentially expressed lncRNAs were discriminated in AMI patients, including 40 upregulated lncRNAs and 66 downregulated lncRNAs (P < .05). Among the genes corresponding to the identified mRNAs, 2905 genes are involved in biological processes, 339 in cellular components, and 501 in molecular functions. Based on the KEGG pathway analysis, the most enriched pathways corresponding to the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson's disease and viral carcinogenesis, and so on. Further, 3 upregulated and 3 downregulated lncRNAs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification and the results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the findings obtained from RNA sequencing analysis.As a result, differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in AMI were identified in our study. The results suggested that lncRNAs may play important roles in the biological and pathological processes of AMI. These findings may provide useful reference for the early diagnosis and risk stratification of AMI patients. To enlarge the sample size in the next step will be needed for further research to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Zhao
- Clinical Core Laboratory
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, PR China
| | - Heming Wu
- Clinical Core Laboratory
- Center for Precision Medicine
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Cunren Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
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The emerging role of lncRNAs in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:585-603. [PMID: 30218296 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors contain a functional subpopulation of cells that exhibit stem cell properties. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional and translational level. As such, they may be involved in various biological processes such as DNA damage repair, inflammation, metabolism, cell survival, cell signaling, cell growth and differentiation. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are key regulators of the CSC subpopulation, thereby contributing to cancer progression. The aim of this review is to overview current knowledge about the functional role and the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in the initiation, maintenance and regulation of CSCs derived from different neoplasms. These lncRNAs include CTCF7, ROR, DILC, HOTAIR, H19, HOTTIP, ATB, HIF2PUT, SOX2OT, MALAT-1, CUDR, Lnc34a, Linc00617, DYNC2H1-4, PVT1, SOX4 and ARSR Uc.283-plus. Furthermore, we will illustrate how lncRNAs may regulate asymmetric CSC division and contribute to self-renewal, drug resistance and EMT, thus affecting the metastasis and recurrence of different cancers. In addition, we will highlight the implications of targeting lncRNAs to improve the efficacy of conventional drug therapies and to hamper CSC survival and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS lncRNAs are valuable tools in the search for new targets to selectively eliminate CSCs and improve clinical outcomes. LncRNAs may serve as excellent therapeutic targets because they are stable, easily detectable and expressed in tissue-specific contexts.
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Wu LL, Cai WP, Lei X, Shi KQ, Lin XY, Shi L. NRAL mediates cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via miR-340-5p/Nrf2 axis. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:99-112. [PMID: 30030687 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biological action and potential mechanism of liver cancer cell drug resistance have not been clearly clarified. In this study, lncRNAs were screened and differentially expressed in parental and cisplatin-resistant cell lines (HepG2 and HepG2/CDDP). A novel lncRNA, termed NRAL (Nrf2 regulation-associated lncRNA), was identified, and the initial results indicated that it was highly expressed in HepG2 cisplatin resistant cell lines compared to their parental counterparts. Functionally, NRAL depletion significantly enhanced CDDP-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in two cisplatin-resistant HCC cell lines. Mechanistically, the results indicated that NRAL regulates Nrf2 expression through miR-340-5p serving as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), thus influencing the CDDP-induced phenotype in HCC. Collectively, the present investigation suggest that the NRAL/miR-340-5p/Nrf2 axis mediates cisplatin resistance in HCC, which may provide novel targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The central hospital of Wenzhou, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Pin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, WenZhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Lei
- The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke-Qing Shi
- Department of Precision Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuxue lane 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuxue lane 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that depends on the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for the creation of new virions and propagation of the infection to hepatocytes. Chronic infection with HDV is usually associated with a worsening of HBV infection, leading more frequently to cirrhosis, increased risk of liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence. In spite of a progressive declining prevalence of both acute and chronic HDV infection observed over several years, mainly due to increased global health policies and mass vaccination against HBV, several European countries have more recently observed stable HDV prevalence mainly due to migrants from non-European countries. Persistent HDV replication has been widely demonstrated as associated with cirrhosis development and, as a consequence, development of liver decompensation and occurrence of HCC. Several treatment options have been attempted with poor results in terms of HDV eradication and improvement of long-term prognosis. A global effort is deemed urgent to enhance the models already existing as well as to learn more about HDV infection and correlated tumourigenesis mechanisms.
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Müller-Coan BG, Caetano BFR, Pagano JS, Elgui de Oliveira D. Cancer Progression Goes Viral: The Role of Oncoviruses in Aggressiveness of Malignancies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:485-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shang JL, Cheng Q, Duan SJ, Li L, Jia LY. Cognitive improvement following ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by voluntary running‑wheel exercise is associated with LncMALAT1‑mediated apoptosis inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2715-2723. [PMID: 29436629 PMCID: PMC5846661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous human and animal studies demonstrated that voluntary exercise may improve cognitive function and facilitate neuronal plasticity in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models. However, the possible underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), may be associated with the functions and dysfunctions of endothelial cells. The present study investigated whether spontaneous running‑wheel (RW) exercise‑induced MALAT1 expression changes may be associated with the cognitive improvement of mice following I/R injury. The expression of MALAT1 was evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Artificial MALAT1 and MALAT1 lentiviral mall interfering (siRNA) were used to alter MALAT1 expression levels in vivo. The Morris Water Maze test was performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory retention in the mice. Changes in the apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons and levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins were also detected. The data revealed that MALAT1 increased in the hippocampus of mice in the RW‑treated I/R group and that this was associated with neurological, learning and memory improvement, reduced infarction volumes, decreased apoptosis and alterations to expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins. Following RW training in I/R‑injured mice, lentiviral MALAT1 siRNA conduction partially attenuated the protections induced by voluntary RW. However, exogenous MALAT1 treatment increased the protection. The current findings suggested that voluntary RW protected hippocampal neurons from I/R injury and promoted cognitive restoration, which was associated with lncRNA MALAT1‑mediated apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Shang
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Geriatrics Department, Changzhi People Hospital, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Jie Duan
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Jia
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
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Long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS promotes the proliferation HCC cells by epigenetically silencing DUSP5. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109509-109521. [PMID: 29312625 PMCID: PMC5752538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma has been identified as the fifth most common cancer in men and the ninth in women worldwide. Despite many efforts have been made in recent years, the overall survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma still remain unsatisfied. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma is essential for developing novel treatments to improve patient prognosis. HOXA11-AS, transcribed from the opposite strand of the protein-coding gene HOXA11, has been identified to be associated with the malignant characteristics of several cancers. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of HOXA11-AS in hepatocellular carcinoma still need to be further investigated. In the current study, the expression of HOXA11-AS in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tissues was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches were applied to investigate the proliferative function of HOXA11-AS in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results from flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution revealed that HOXA11-AS promoted hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation through regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. Gene chip technology and quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that DUSP5 was a downstream target of HOXA11-AS. RNA immune co-precipitation assays, RNA pull-down and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HOXA11-AS could recruit EZH2 to the promoter region of DUSP5, which therefore suppressed the transcription of DUSP5. Collectively, these findings revealed that HOXA11-AS functions as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma through interacting with polycomb-repressive complex2.
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Barriocanal M, Fortes P. Long Non-coding RNAs in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1833. [PMID: 29033906 PMCID: PMC5625025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often leads to a chronic infection in the liver that may progress to steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral and cellular factors are required for a productive infection and for the development of liver disease. Some of these are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) deregulated in infected cells. After HCV infection, the sequence and the structure of the viral RNA genome are sensed to activate interferon (IFN) synthesis and signaling pathways. These antiviral pathways regulate transcription of several cellular lncRNAs. Some of these are also deregulated in response to viral replication. Certain viral proteins and/or viral replication can activate transcription factors such as MYC, SP1, NRF2, or HIF1α that modulate the expression of additional cellular lncRNAs. Interestingly, several lncRNAs deregulated in HCV-infected cells described so far play proviral or antiviral functions by acting as positive or negative regulators of the IFN system, while others help in the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC. The study of the structure and mechanism of action of these lncRNAs may aid in the development of novel strategies to treat infectious and immune pathologies and liver diseases such as cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Wang XP, Shan C, Deng XL, Li LY, Ma W. Long non-coding RNA PAR5 inhibits the proliferation and progression of glioma through interaction with EZH2. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3177-3186. [PMID: 29048683 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be involved in modulating various aspects of tumor biology and serve as potential therapeutic targets as well as novel biomarkers in the treatment of glioma. The present study investigated the role of lncRNA, Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 5 (PAR5; also known as PWAR5), in glioma and its clinical significance in glioma cases. The expression levels of PAR5 were determined in clinical samples and U87, U251 cells using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The effects of PAR5 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined using in vitro assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, as well as the evauation of the expression of various oncogenes were carried out to reveal the underlying mechanisms. We found that PAR5 was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, PAR5 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, World Health Organization (WHO) grade and Karnofsky performance score (KPS). Patients with low PAR5 expression in tumors had a worse overall survival compared to those with higher expression. Finally, in vitro restoration of PAR5 expression inhibited human glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration by binding to EZH2 and regulating oncogene expression. This finding may provide a therapeutic approach for the future treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Cai Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Li Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650050, P.R. China
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Xu W, Yu J, Wong VWS. Mechanism and prediction of HCC development in HBV infection. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:291-298. [PMID: 28774411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. Over the past few decades, the risk factors of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B have been well characterized, and can be divided into host and viral factors. A few groups have also derived and validated HCC prediction scores based on these risk factors. In general, the scores have high negative predictive value in identifying a low risk group who may not need HCC surveillance in the next 3-5 years. The scores have been tested originally in Asian patients, and results on their performance in the Caucasian population are conflicting. Furthermore, new research has identified genetic factors and new virological markers (e.g. hepatitis B surface antigen and core-related antigen levels) for HCC, but they are yet to be applied in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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