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Jeong S, Kim IK, Moon H, Kim H, Song BW, Choi JW, Kim SW, Lee S, Chae DS, Lim S. A 70% Ethanol Neorhodomela munita Extract Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Activation and H 2O 2-Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis In Vitro. Molecules 2024; 29:1741. [PMID: 38675559 PMCID: PMC11052068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid aging of the population worldwide presents a significant social and economic challenge, particularly due to osteoporotic fractures, primarily resulting from an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. While conventional therapies offer benefits, they also present limitations and a range of adverse effects. This study explores the protective impact of Neorhodomela munita ethanol extract (EN) on osteoporosis by modulating critical pathways in osteoclastogenesis and apoptosis. Raw264.7 cells and Saos-2 cells were used for in vitro osteoclast and osteoblast models, respectively. By utilizing various in vitro methods to detect osteoclast differentiation/activation and osteoblast death, it was demonstrated that the EN's potential to inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation and activation by targeting the MAPKs-NFATc1/c-Fos pathway and reducing H2O2-induced cell death through the downregulation of apoptotic signals. This study highlights the potential benefits of EN for osteoporosis and suggests that EN is a promising natural alternative to traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongtae Jeong
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea; (B.-W.S.); (S.W.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea; (B.-W.S.); (S.W.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea; (B.-W.S.); (S.W.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea; (B.-W.S.); (S.W.K.); (S.L.)
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Kim MH, Bok M, Lim H, Yang WM. An Integrative Study on the Inhibition of Bone Loss via Osteo-F Based on Network Pharmacology, Experimental Verification, and Clinical Trials in Postmenopausal Women. Cells 2023; 12:1992. [PMID: 37566071 PMCID: PMC10417279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of bone loss remains a challenge for postmenopausal women, considering the fact that only three anabolic treatments for osteoporosis have been approved by the FDA. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic capacities of Osteo-F, a newly developed herbal formula, upon integrating network analysis and pre-clinical studies into clinical trials. The network pharmacology analysis showed that a potential mechanism of Osteo-F is closely related to osteoblast differentiation. Consistent with the predicted mechanism, Osteo-F treatment significantly enhanced bone matrix formation and mineralization with collagen expression in osteoblasts. Simultaneously, secreted bone-forming molecules were upregulated by Osteo-F. After the administration of Osteo-F to osteoporotic mice, the femoral BMD and osteocalcin in the serum and bone tissues were significantly improved. Subsequently, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that 253 mg of Osteo-F supplementation for 24 weeks resulted in significant improvements in the Z-score and serum osteocalcin levels of postmenopausal women compared to the placebo, thus indicating bone anabolic efficacy. In the current study, the bone anabolic effect of Osteo-F was determined by activating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts through integrating experiments based on network analysis into clinical trials, with synchronized, reliable evidence, demonstrating that Osteo-F is a novel bone anabolic treatment in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minkyung Bok
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Hu N, Liu J, Yu H, Pan H, Chen D, Ruan C. Small-molecule amines: a big role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2023; 11:40. [PMID: 37482549 PMCID: PMC10363555 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous small-molecule amines (SMAs) play critical roles in maintaining bone homeostasis and promoting bone regeneration regardless of whether they are applied as drugs or biomaterials. On the one hand, SMAs promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; on the other hand, owing to their alkaline properties as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, most SMAs create a favorable microenvironment for bone homeostasis. However, due to a lack of information on their structure/bioactivity and underlying mechanisms of action, certain SMAs cannot be developed into drugs or biomaterials for bone disease treatment. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the current understanding of SMA effects on bone homeostasis, including descriptions of their classifications, biochemical features, recent research advances in bone biology and related regulatory mechanisms in bone regeneration. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of SMA translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jirong Yang
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shenzhen Healthemes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Accelerated Aging: The Pathogenic Role of Increased Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis, Osteoporosis, and Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e42259. [PMID: 37605676 PMCID: PMC10440097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, seemingly unrelated disorders that occur with advanced age, share major pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis and bone loss. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is among these mechanisms that can cause both vascular and bone disease. In its more severe form, hHcy can present early in life as homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolic pathways of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. In its milder forms, hHcy may go undiagnosed and untreated into adulthood. As such, hHcy may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, thrombophilia, and neurodegeneration, collectively representing accelerated aging. Multiple trials to lower cardiovascular risk and improve bone density with homocysteine-lowering agents, yet none has proven to be clinically meaningful. To understand this unmet clinical need, this review will provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular and bone disease in hHcy, using homocystinuria as a model for accelerated atherosclerosis and bone density loss, a model for accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alkaissi
- Internal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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Jing Y, Zhou J, Guo F, Yu L, Ren X, Yin X. Betaine regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5081-5089. [PMID: 37101008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an ageing population, the incidence of bone loss and obesity are increasing. Numerous studies emphasized the multidirectional differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and reported betaine modulated the osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. We wondered how betaine affected the differentiation of hAD-MSCs and hUC-MSCs. METHODS AND RESULTS ALP staining and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were proved 10 mM betaine significantly increased the number of ALP-positive cells and plaque calcified extracellular matrices, accompanying by the up-regulation of OPN, Runx-2 and OCN. Oil red O staining demonstrated the number and size of lipid droplets were reduced, the expression of adipogenic master genes such as PPARγ, CEBPα and FASN were down-regulated simultaneously. For further investigating the mechanism of betaine on hAD-MSCs, RNA-seq was performed in none-differentiation medium. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed fat cell differentiation and bone mineralization function terms were enriched, and KEGG showed PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were enriched in betaine treated hAD-MSCs, demonstrated betaine had a positive inducing effect on osteogenic of hAD-MSCs in the non-differentiation medium in vitro, which is opposite to the effect on adipogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that betaine promoted osteogenic and compromised adipogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs and hAD-MSCs upon low concentration administration. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction were significantly enriched under betaine-treated. We showed hAD-MSCs were more sensitive to betaine stimulation and have a better differentiation ability than hUC-MSCs. Our results contributed to the exploration of betaine as an aiding agent for MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Jiangsu Pulu Rui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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6
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Nutrigenomics: An inimitable interaction amid genomics, nutrition and health. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Betaine promotes osteogenic differentiation in immortalized human dental pulp-derived cells. BDJ Open 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 36207319 PMCID: PMC9546879 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of betaine (BET) on immortalized human dental pulp stem cell (ihDP) osteogenic differentiation. Materials and methods hDPs were immortalized using SV40 T-antigen transfection. Characterization, multilineage differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle, colony-forming unit, and cellular senescence were evaluated (n = 4). The effect of BET on ihDP response was assessed (n = 4). Osteogenic differentiation was detected using ALP, ARS staining, and RT-qPCR (n = 4). To investigate the involvement of calcium signaling, the cells were pretreated with either 8-(NN-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) or thapsigargin before BET treatment (n = 6). Results ihDPs retained similar phenotypic characteristics presented in hDPs but exhibited an increase in cell proliferation and extended culture to passage 25. An increased proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases without senescence was observed in ihDPs. BET (50 mM) treatment significantly increased mineral deposition at 14 days and upregulated ALP, MSX2, BMP2, and RUNX2 expression. TMB-8 pretreatment reduced the effect of BET-induced ihDP osteogenic differentiation, whereas thapsigargin promoted osteogenic differentiation in ihDPs synergistically with BET. Conclusion ihDPs showed superior proliferation ability and a longer life span, which could serve as a promising cell for regenerative dentistry. BET promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation via intracellular calcium regulation.
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8
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Bispo DC, Jesus CSH, Correia M, Ferreira F, Bonifazio G, Goodfellow BJ, Oliveira MB, Mano JF, Gil AM. NMR Metabolomics Assessment of Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:654-670. [PMID: 35061379 PMCID: PMC9776527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This Article presents, for the first time to our knowledge, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic characterization of the polar intracellular metabolic adaptations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration is a promising alternative to conventional bone grafts, and untargeted metabolomics may unveil novel metabolic information on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, allowing their behavior to be understood and monitored/guided toward effective therapies. Our results unveiled statistically relevant changes in the levels of just over 30 identified metabolites, illustrating a highly dynamic process with significant variations throughout the whole 21-day period of osteogenic differentiation, mainly involving amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis; energy metabolism and the roles of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; cell membrane metabolism; nucleotide metabolism (including the specific involvement of O-glycosylation intermediates and NAD+); and metabolic players in protective antioxidative mechanisms (such as glutathione and specific amino acids). Different metabolic stages are proposed and are supported by putative biochemical explanations for the metabolite changes observed. This work lays the groundwork for the use of untargeted NMR metabolomics to find potential metabolic markers of osteogenic differentiation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela
S. C. Bispo
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina S. H. Jesus
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marlene Correia
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Giulia Bonifazio
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal,Department
of Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University
of Pavia, Corso Str.
Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia PV, Italy
| | - Brian J. Goodfellow
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal,
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Tabatabai TS, Haji Ghasem Kashani M, Maskani R, Nasiri M, Nabavi Amri SA, Atashi A, Bitaraf FS. Synergic effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field and betaine on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:468-476. [PMID: 33770338 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) due to easy extraction, relative abundance, in vitro expansion and differentiation potential, frozen storage capability, and ability to secrete cytokines, compared to other stem cells, are appropriate candidate in regenerative medicine. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and betaine are two safe factors in bone lesions repair. This study was designed to assess the osteogenic differentiation potential of these factors on hADSCs. The samples were collected from women undergoing liposuction after obtaining written consent. The hADSCs were extracted and treated with osteogenesis differentiation medium (OD) as the positive control, with OD and betaine (BET group), with OD and EMF (EMF group), and with OD and betaine and EMF (BET+EMF group) for 21 d; the negative control consisted of cells without treatment. Betaine 10 mM and EMF with 50-Hz frequency, 1-mT intensity (8 h daily), and in the form of sinus wave were used. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and real-time PCR. A significant increase in calcium deposition in the BET+EMF group was observed compared to the other groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the positive control and BET groups was increased significantly compared to EMF and BET + EMF groups and a significant increase of this enzyme activity in the BET + EMF compared to EMF group was observed. The expression of RUNX2 and OCN genes in the EMF-treated groups were significantly reduced compared to the non-EMF-treated groups, and BET+EMF showed a significant increase of RUNX2 gene expression as compared the EMF group. The ELF-EMF leads to a decrease in the osteogenic differentiation and the expression RUNX2 and OCN genes in hADSCs. But osteogenic differentiation and RUNX2 gene expression were increased post-induction by betaine. The synergic effect of betaine and EMF on the osteogenic differentiation and related genes expression of hADSCs was higher than EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Sadat Tabatabai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Reza Maskani
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Paramedical, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Meysam Nasiri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Paramedical, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Liao X, Wu M, Hao Y, Deng H. Exploring the Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Senile Sarcopenia Based on "Gut-Muscle Axis". Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590869. [PMID: 33251202 PMCID: PMC7674676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related sarcopenia probably leads to chronic systemic inflammation and plays a vital role in the development of the complications of the disease. Gut microbiota, an environmental factor, is the medium of nutritional support to muscle cells, having significant impact on sarcopenia. Consequently, a significant amount of studies explored and showed the presence of gut microbiome–muscle axis (gut–muscle axis for short), which was possibly considered as the disease interventional target of age-related sarcopenia. However, a variety of nutrients probably affect the changes of the gut–muscle axis so as to affect the healthy balance of skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of intestinal–muscle axis, and nutrients play a role in the treatment of senile sarcopenia through this mechanism. This review summarizes the available literature on mechanisms and specific pathways of gut–muscle axis and discusses the potential role and therapeutic feasibility of gut microbiota in age-related sarcopenia to understand the development of age-related sarcopenia and figure out the novel perspective of the potential therapeutic interventional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Kang MA, Lee J, Park SH. Cannabidiol induces osteoblast differentiation via angiopoietin1 and p38 MAPK. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1318-1325. [PMID: 32656944 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the potential of cannabidiol, one of the major cannabis constituents, for enhancing osteoblastic differentiation in U2OS and MG-63 cells. Cannabidiol increased the expression of Angiopoietin1 and the enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase in U2OS and MG-63. Invasion and migration assay results indicated that the cell mobility was activated by cannabidiol in U2OS and MG-63. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of tight junction related proteins such as Claudin1, Claudin4, Occuludin1, and ZO1 was increased by cannabidiol in U2OS and MG-63. Alizarin Red S staining analysis showed that calcium deposition and mineralization was enhanced by cannabidiol in U2OS and MG-63. Western blotting analysis indicated that the expression of osteoblast differentiation related proteins such as distal-less homeobox 5, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, type I collagen, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), and alkaline phosphatase was time dependently upregulated by cannabidiol in U2OS and MG-63. Mechanistically, cannabidiol-regulated osteoblastic differentiation in U2OS and MG-63 by strengthen the protein-protein interaction among RUNX2, OSX, or the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In conclusion, cannabidiol increased Angiopoietin1 expression and p38 MAPK activation for osteoblastic differentiation in U2OS and MG-63 suggesting that cannabidiol might provide a novel therapeutic option for the bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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12
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Samie KA, Tabandeh MR, Afrough M. Betaine ameliorates impaired steroidogenesis and apoptosis in mice granulosa cells induced by high glucose concentration. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:400-409. [PMID: 32981384 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1811423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Betaine is a bioactive peptide whose beneficial effects on diabetes complications have been considered, previously. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of betaine against hyperglycemia-induced steroidogenesis impairment and apoptosis in mice granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells were isolated from C57/BL6 mice and cultured in steroidogenesis medium (SM) containing 30 ng/ml FSH and 0.5 µM testosterone. The cells were cultured in SM containing low (5 mM) or high (30 mM) glucose concentrations for 24 h in the presence or absence of betaine (5 mM). At the end of the experiment, estradiol and progesterone were measured by ELISA in the culture medium. Expression of apoptosis and steroidogenesis associated genes and caspase-3 activity were determined by qRT-PCR and colorimetric assays, respectively. Exposure of mice granulosa cells to high glucose concentration inhibited the steroidogenesis by decreasing estradiol and progesterone secretion and downregulation of steroidogenesis-related genes including 3βHSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and StAR. Betaine treatment could ameliorate the steroidogenesis impairment at molecular and biochemical levels. High glucose concentration also enhanced apoptosis in mice granulosa cells that were characterized by elevation of caspase-3 activity, upregulation of bax gene and downregulation of bcl2 gene. Betaine treatment could attenuate the apoptotic-related changes induced by high glucose concentration in granulosa cells. According to the results of the present study, betaine could ameliorate the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the physiological function of ovarian granulosa cells. The results highlight the potential role of betaine for the intervention of ovarian dysfunction in diabetic patients. Abbreviations: AABA: Betaine-α-aminobutyric acid; AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; bax: bcl2 Associated X; bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BHMT: Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase; C/EBP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins; Cyp11a1: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450; Cyp19a1: Cytochrome P450 aromatase; DM: Diabetes mellitus; E2: Estradiol; ERS: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; GCs: Granulosa cells; GLUT: Glucose transporter; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; 3βHSD: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; IL-1β: interleukin-1ß; LH: Luteinizing hormone; MDCK: Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell; MT: Methionine synthase, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NLRP3: NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB; P4: Progesterone; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SGLT: Sodium dependent glucose transporter; SLC7A6: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 6; StAR: Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; STZ: Streptozotocin; Tumor necrosis factor α: TNF-α; TXNIP: Thioredoxin interacting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Abbasi Samie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Afrough
- Reproductive Biology Research Group, Infertility Research and Treatment Center of Khuzestan, ACECR , Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Sánchez-Barrera CÁ, Callejas BE, García-Castillo V, Beristain-Terrazas DL, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, León-Cabrera SA, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gutierrez-Cirlos EB, Pérez-Plasencia C, Vaca-Paniagua F, Meraz-Ríos MA, Terrazas LI. Use of STAT6 Phosphorylation Inhibitor and Trimethylglycine as New Adjuvant Therapies for 5-Fluorouracil in Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062130. [PMID: 32244885 PMCID: PMC7139326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widespread and deadly types of neoplasia around the world, where the inflammatory microenvironment has critical importance in the process of tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Despite its limited effectiveness, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the main drug utilized for CRC treatment. The combination of 5-FU with other agents modestly increases its effectiveness in patients. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory Trimethylglycine and the Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6) inhibitor AS1517499, as possible adjuvants to 5-FU in already established cancers, using a model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). We found that these adjuvant therapies induced a remarkable reduction of tumor growth when administrated together with 5-FU, correlating with a reduction in STAT6-phosphorylation. This reduction upgraded the effect of 5-FU by increasing both levels of apoptosis and markers of cell adhesion such as E-cadherin, whereas decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were associated with aggressive phenotypes and drug resistance, such as β-catenin nuclear translocation and Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (SNAI1). Additionally, Il-10, Tgf-β, and Il-17a, critical pro-tumorigenic cytokines, were downmodulated in the colon by these adjuvant therapies. In vitro assays on human colon cancer cells showed that Trimethylglycine also reduced STAT6-phosphorylation. Our study is relatively unique in focusing on the effects of the combined administration of AS1517499 and Trimethylglycine together with 5-FU on already established CAC which synergizes to markedly reduce the colon tumor load. Together, these data point to STAT6 as a valuable target for adjuvant therapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G. Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - C. Ángel Sánchez-Barrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Blanca E. Callejas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Diana L. Beristain-Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Norma L. Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Sonia A. León-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Emma Bertha Gutierrez-Cirlos
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.G.M.-R.); (C.Á.S.-B.); (B.E.C.); (V.G.-C.); (D.L.B.-T.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.); (S.A.L.-C.); (M.R.-S.); (C.P.-P.); (F.V.-P.)
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Yang Q, Yin W, Chen Y, Zhu D, Yin J, Zhang C, Gao Y. Betaine alleviates alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via mTOR signaling pathway regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109486. [PMID: 31586901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is usually caused by chronic and excessive alcohol dependency, and this condition largely suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). As a trimethyl derivative of glycine, betaine is an important human nutrient that regulates a series of vital biological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, osteoblast differentiation and cellular apoptosis. However, no study has investigated the role of betaine in alcohol-induced ONFH. In this study, we hypothesized that betaine might have protective effects on ethanol-treated BMSCs and decrease the morbidity of alcohol-induced ONFH in a rat model. In vitro, we found that ethanol significantly downregulated the expression of osteocalcin (OCN), collagen 1 (COL1) and RUNX2 via activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade. However, the inhibitory effects were rescued by betaine co-treatment at concentrations of 1 mM and 10 mM. In vivo, the typical ONFH pathological changes in a rat model of alcohol-induced ONFH were investigated by using multiple methods, including hematoxylin-eosin staining, micro-CT scans, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays and immunohistochemical staining for OCN and COL1. Osteonecrotic lesions of the femoral head could be alleviated by betaine as evidenced by significant histological and radiological improvements. Collectively, betaine plays a protective role against ethanol-induced suppression of osteogenesis and mineralization of hBMSCs and is thus a potential pharmacotherapy for alcohol-induced ONFH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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15
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Terruzzi I, Montesano A, Senesi P, Villa I, Ferraretto A, Bottani M, Vacante F, Spinello A, Bolamperti S, Luzi L, Rubinacci A. L-Carnitine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cells Differentiation and Bone Matrix Proteins Expression in Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5678548. [PMID: 30800672 PMCID: PMC6360619 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5678548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and associated fracture risk are major problems in aging. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the development of bone fragility. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). L-Carnitine (L-C), a fundamental cofactor in lipid metabolism, has an important antioxidant property. Several studies have shown how L-C enhances osteoblastic proliferation and activity. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of L-C on mitochondrial activity, ROS production, and gene expression involved in osteoblastic differentiation using osteoblast-like cells (hOBs) derived from elderly patients. The effect of 5mM L-C treatment on mitochondrial activity and L-C antioxidant activity was studied by ROS production evaluation and cell-based antioxidant activity assay. The possible effects of L-C on hOBs differentiation were assessed by analyzing gene and protein expression by Real Time PCR and western blotting, respectively. L-C enhanced mitochondrial activity and improved antioxidant defense of hOBs. Furthermore, L-C increased the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Additionally, L-C induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT and the main kinases involved in osteoblastic differentiation and upregulated the expression of osteogenic related genes, RUNX2, osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) as well as OPN protein synthesis, suggesting that L-C exerts a positive modulation of key osteogenic factors. In conclusion, L-C supplementation could represent a possible adjuvant in the treatment of bone fragility, counteracting oxidative phenomena and promoting bone quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Fernanda Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alice Spinello
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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Grizales AM, Patti ME, Lin AP, Beckman JA, Sahni VA, Cloutier E, Fowler KM, Dreyfuss JM, Pan H, Kozuka C, Lee A, Basu R, Pober DM, Gerszten RE, Goldfine AB. Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3038-3049. [PMID: 29860335 PMCID: PMC6692715 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma betaine correlates with insulin sensitivity in humans. Betaine supplementation improves metabolic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet. OBJECTIVE To assess metabolic effects of oral betaine in obese participants with prediabetes. DESIGN A 12-week, parallel arm, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING University-affiliated hospital. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Persons with obesity and prediabetes (N = 27) were randomly assigned to receive betaine 3300 mg orally twice daily for 10 days, then 4950 mg twice daily for 12 weeks, or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes from baseline in insulin sensitivity, glycemia, hepatic fat, and endothelial function. RESULTS There was a 16.5-fold increase in plasma dimethylglycine [dimethylglycine (DMG); P < 0.0001] levels, but modest 1.3- and 1.5-fold increases in downstream serine and methionine levels, respectively, in the betaine vs placebo arm. Betaine tended to reduce fasting glucose levels (P = 0.08 vs placebo) but had no other effect on glycemia. Insulin area under curve after oral glucose was reduced for betaine treatment compared with placebo (P = 0.038). Insulin sensitivity, assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, was not improved. Serum total cholesterol levels increased after betaine treatment compared with placebo (P = 0.032). There were no differences in change in intrahepatic triglyceride or endothelial function between groups. CONCLUSION DMG accumulation supports DMG dehydrogenase as rate limiting for betaine metabolism in persons with prediabetes. Betaine had little metabolic effect. Additional studies may elucidate mechanisms contributing to differences between preclinical and human responses to betaine, and whether supplementation of metabolites downstream of DMG improves metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Grizales
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua A Beckman
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - V Anik Sahni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emilie Cloutier
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen M Fowler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Hui Pan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita Basu
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David M Pober
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Allison B. Goldfine, MD, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachussetts 02215. E-mail:
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Ferraretto A, Bottani M, Villa I, Giusto L, Signo M, Senesi P, Montesano A, Vacante F, Luzi L, Rubinacci A, Terruzzi I. L-Carnitine activates calcium signaling in human osteoblasts. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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18
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Cholewa JM, Hudson A, Cicholski T, Cervenka A, Barreno K, Broom K, Barch M, Craig SAS. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:37. [PMID: 30064450 PMCID: PMC6069865 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and some metrics of muscular performance in young men; but, whether betaine enhances body composition or performance in female subjects is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between resistance training adaptation and chronic betaine supplementation in females. METHODS Twenty-three young women (21.0 ± 1.4 years, 165.9 ± 6.4 cm, 68.6 ± 11.8 kg) without prior structured resistance training experience volunteered for this study. Body composition (BodPod), rectus femoris muscle thickness (B-mode Ultrasound), vertical jump, back squat 1RM and bench press 1RM were assessed pre- and post-training. Following 1 week of familiarization training, subjects were matched for body composition and squat strength, and randomly assigned to either a betaine (2.5 g/day; n = 11) or placebo (n = 12) group that completed 3 sets of 6-7 exercises per day performed to momentary muscular failure. Training was divided into two lower and one upper body training sessions per week performed on non-consecutive days for 8 weeks, and weekly volume load was used to analyze work capacity. RESULTS Significant main effects of time were found for changes in lean mass (2.4 ± 1.8 kg), muscle thickness (0.13 ± 0.08 cm), vertical jump (1.8 ± 1.6 cm), squat 1RM (39.8 ± 14.0 kg), and bench press 1 RM (9.1 ± 7.3 kg); however, there were no significant interactions. A trend (p = .056) was found for greater weekly training volumes for betaine versus placebo. Significant interactions were found for changes in body fat percentage and fat mass: body fat percentage and fat mass decreased significantly more in betaine (- 3.3 ± 1.7%; - 2.0 ± 1.1 kg) compared to placebo (- 1.7 ± 1.6%; - 0.8 ± 1.3 kg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that betaine supplementation may enhance reductions in fat mass, but not absolute strength, that accompany a resistance training program in untrained collegiate females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Michael Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Andrea Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Taylor Cicholski
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Amanda Cervenka
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Karley Barreno
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Kayla Broom
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - McKenzie Barch
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, PO Box 261954, Williams-Brice 101A, Conway, SC 29528 USA
| | - Stuart A. S. Craig
- Regulatory & Scientific Affairs, DuPont Nutrition & Health Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE USA
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Hwang MP, Ding X, Gao J, Acharya AP, Little SR, Wang Y. A biocompatible betaine-functionalized polycation for coacervation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:387-395. [PMID: 29147712 PMCID: PMC5771809 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous nature of complex coacervates provides a biologically-relevant context for various therapeutic applications. In this sense, biological applications demand a corresponding level of biocompatibility from the polyelectrolytes that participate in complex coacervation. Continued development with naturally-occurring polyelectrolytes such as heparin and chitosan underscore such aims. Herein, we design a synthetic polycation, in which betaine is conjugated to a biodegradable polyester backbone. Betaine is a naturally-occurring methylated amino acid that is ubiquitously present in human plasma. Inspired by its vast range of benefits - including but not limited to anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, protein stabilization, and cardiovascular health - we aim to impart additional functionality to a polycation for eventual use in a complex coacervate with heparin. We report on its in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, in vitro and in vivo effect on angiogenesis, in vitro effect on microbial growth, and ability to form complex coacervates with heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintai P Hwang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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20
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Vacante F, Senesi P, Montesano A, Frigerio A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. L-Carnitine: An Antioxidant Remedy for the Survival of Cardiomyocytes under Hyperglycemic Condition. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4028297. [PMID: 30622968 PMCID: PMC6304876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4028297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations as hyperglycemia and inflammation induce myocardial molecular events enhancing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Those alterations are responsible for a progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, cardiac stem cells, and consequent cardiovascular complications. Currently, there are no effective pharmacological measures to protect the heart from these metabolic modifications, and the development of new therapeutic approaches, focused on improvement of the oxidative stress condition, is pivotal. The protective effects of levocarnitine (LC) in patients with ischemic heart disease are related to the attenuation of oxidative stress, but LC mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate LC's role in oxidative stress condition, on ROS production and mitochondrial detoxifying function in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes during hyperglycemia. METHODS H9c2 cells in the hyperglycemic state (25 mmol/L glucose) were exposed to 0.5 or 5 mM LC for 48 and 72 h: LC effects on signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress condition were studied by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. To evaluate ROS production, H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 after LC pretreatment. RESULTS Our in vitro study indicates how LC supplementation might protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-related damage, preventing ROS formation and activating antioxidant signaling pathways in hyperglycemic conditions. In particular, LC promotes STAT3 activation and significantly increases the expression of antioxidant protein SOD2. Hyperglycemic cardiac cells are characterized by impairment in mitochondrial dysfunction and the CaMKII signal: LC promotes CaMKII expression and activation and enhancement of AMPK protein synthesis. Our results suggest that LC might ameliorate metabolic aspects of hyperglycemic cardiac cells. Finally, LC doses herein used did not modify H9c2 growth rate and viability. CONCLUSIONS Our novel study demonstrates that LC improves the microenvironment damaged by oxidative stress (induced by hyperglycemia), thus proposing this nutraceutical compound as an adjuvant in diabetic cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Frigerio
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ticinesi A, Lauretani F, Milani C, Nouvenne A, Tana C, Del Rio D, Maggio M, Ventura M, Meschi T. Aging Gut Microbiota at the Cross-Road between Nutrition, Physical Frailty, and Sarcopenia: Is There a Gut-Muscle Axis? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121303. [PMID: 29189738 PMCID: PMC5748753 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity are the mainstays of primary sarcopenia-physiopathology in older individuals. Gut microbiota composition is strongly dependent on both of these elements, and conversely, can also influence the host physiology by modulating systemic inflammation, anabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy production. The bacterial metabolism of nutrients theoretically influences skeletal muscle cell functionality through producing mediators that drive all of these systemic effects. In this study, we review the scientific literature supporting the concept of the involvement of gut microbiota in primary sarcopenia physiopathology. First, we examine studies associating fecal microbiota alterations with physical frailty, i.e., the loss of muscle performance and normal muscle mass. Then, we consider studies exploring the effects of exercise on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine studies demonstrating the possible effects of mediators produced by gut microbiota on skeletal muscle, and intervention studies considering the effects of prebiotic or probiotic administration on muscle function. Even if there is no evidence of a distinct gut microbiota composition in older sarcopenic patients, we conclude that the literature supports the possible presence of a "gut-muscle axis", whereby gut microbiota may act as the mediator of the effects of nutrition on muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Christian Milani
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Claudio Tana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Ventura
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Medico-Geriatrico-Riabilitativo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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