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Guo X, Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Hong F, Hao D. Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: an updated review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276445. [PMID: 38022526 PMCID: PMC10663250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in neural homeostasis and pathological processes associated with neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The biological effect of cytokines, including those associated with acute or chronic SCI pathologies, are the result of receptor-mediated signaling through the Janus kinases (JAKs) as well as the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) DNA-binding protein families. Although therapies targeting at cytokines have led to significant changes in the treatment of SCI, they present difficulties in various aspects for the direct use by patients themselves. Several small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs, which may affect multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine-dependent pathways, as well as STATs, are in clinical development for the treatment of SCI. This review describes the current understanding of the JAK-STAT signaling in neuroendocrine homeostasis and diseases, together with the rationale for targeting at this pathway for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Fan Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Cook ME, Shchukina I, Lin CC, Bradstreet TR, Schwarzkopf EA, Jarjour NN, Webber AM, Zaitsev K, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT. BHLHE40 Mediates Cross-Talk between Pathogenic TH17 Cells and Myeloid Cells during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:737-746. [PMID: 37934060 PMCID: PMC10695412 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We previously reported that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) marks cytokine-producing pathogenic TH cells during EAE, and that its expression in T cells is required for clinical disease. In this study, using dual reporter mice, we show BHLHE40 expression within TH1/17 and ex-TH17 cells following EAE induction. Il17a-Cre-mediated deletion of BHLHE40 in TH cells led to less severe EAE with reduced TH cell cytokine production. Characterization of the leukocytes in the CNS during EAE by single-cell RNA sequencing identified differences in the infiltrating myeloid cells when BHLHE40 was present or absent in TH17 cells. Our studies highlight the importance of BHLHE40 in promoting TH17 cell encephalitogenicity and instructing myeloid cell responses during active EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Wang YK, Zhao YP, Ye MZ, Wang L, Lan TS, Wang Y, Qi ZQ. Chimeric CNS-targeting-peptide engineered exosomes for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110835. [PMID: 37717320 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination, neuronal damage and white matter loss, but there is still no known cure. Exosomes are 30-200 nm-sized double-layered membrane vesicles that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UMSCs) have been found to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through the action of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, but its clinical translation has been hampered by their inefficacious accumulation in CNS. Therefore, we developed a TAxI-exos, also known as a TAxI-peptide-chimeric UMSC-exos, for CNS-specific accumulation and curative effect in EAE. We used the EAE model in vivo as well as active T cell and BV-2 cell models in vitro to explore the efficacy and mechanisms. Exosomes from UMSCs with TAxI or DiR labels were given to EAE mice in one dosage (150 g) prior to the peak at day 15. The mice were sacrificed on day 30 so that spinal cords, spleens, and blood could be taken for analysis of demyelination, inflammation, microglia, T-cell subset proportions, and inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro, PBMCs and splenocytes isolated from healthy C57BL/6 mice were activated and incubated with 0.15 mg/mL of UMSC-exos or TAxI-exos for immune mechanism investigations. Activated BV-2 cells were used to investigate the targeting and controlling polarization ability and mechanism of UMSC-exos and TAxI-exos. As expected, TAxI-exos exhibited significantly greater therapeutic action in EAE mice than UMSC-exos due to their improved targeting-ability. The medication reduced T-cell subset proportions and inflammation, reduced active-microglia proportions and promoted M1 to M2 microglial cell polarization through TNF pathway, upregulated IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO-1 expression, and downregulated IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The CNS-targeting properties of TAxI-exos and their capacity to inhibit degenerative processes in EAE mice have considerable potential therapeutic value for MS and other CNS illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Kai Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian-Shu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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4
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Räuber S, Schroeter CB, Strippel C, Nelke C, Ruland T, Dik A, Golombeck KS, Regner-Nelke L, Paunovic M, Esser D, Münch C, Rosenow F, van Duijn M, Henes A, Ruck T, Amit I, Leypoldt F, Titulaer MJ, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Melzer N. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics indicates immune dysregulation and neuronal dysfunction in antibody associated autoimmune encephalitis. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102985. [PMID: 36621173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) spans a group of non-infectious inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system due to an imbalanced immune response. Aiming to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of AE, we applied an unsupervised proteomic approach to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profile of AE patients with autoantibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (n = 9), leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) (n = 9), or glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) (n = 8) compared to 9 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis as inflammatory controls, and 10 patients with somatic symptom disorder as non-inflammatory controls. We found a dysregulation of the complement system, a disbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins on the one hand, and dysregulation of proteins involved in synaptic transmission, synaptogenesis, brain connectivity, and neurodegeneration on the other hand to a different extent in all AE subtypes compared to non-inflammatory controls. Furthermore, elevated levels of several proteases and reduction in protease inhibitors could be detected in all AE subtypes compared to non-inflammatory controls. Moreover, the different AE subtypes showed distinct protein profiles compared to each other and inflammatory controls which may facilitate future identification of disease-specific biomarkers. Overall, CSF proteomics provides insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of AE, including immune dysregulation, neuronal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and altered protease function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Räuber
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Strippel
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Maria Brunn Hospital, 48163, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Dik
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristin S Golombeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liesa Regner-Nelke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Paunovic
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Esser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Building 75, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martijn van Duijn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia Henes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Moiseev I, Tcvetkov N, Epifanovskaya O, Babenko E, Parfenenkova A, Bakin E, Yurovskaya K, Morozova E. Landscape of alterations in the checkpoint system in myelodysplastic syndrome and implications for prognosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275399. [PMID: 36282797 PMCID: PMC9595516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel immunotherapies for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) calls for a profound characterization of the "immunome" in the bone marrow (BM) and evaluation of prognostic impact of immunological changes. We performed a prospective study of 87 MDS patients who were referred to a tertiary hematological center and of 11 bone marrow donors who were not related to the study cohort. A flow cytometry panel with 48 markers including checkpoint ligands and receptors was used to study lymphoid and myeloid subpopulations in the bone marrow aspirates. The study found that both the healthy donors and the MDS patients have a high proportion of lymphocytes with PD-1 expression (41±18% and 58±25% respectively) and a high proportion of myeloid cells with PD-1L expression (31±23% and 12±7% respectively), indicating a potential physiological role of checkpoint systems in BM. At the same time, complex alterations including PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM3 pathways accompanied by an increased level of T-reg and myeloid derived suppressor cell populations were identified in the BM of MDS patients. Cluster analysis showed independent prognostic significance of the checkpoint profile for overall survival (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.01–3.56, p = 0.0471). TIM3-postive NK and CD8 effector cells along with the blast count were the key subpopulations for prognosis. An elevation of blasts in the bone marrow was associated with simultaneous expression of multiple checkpoints on myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Moiseev
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolai Tcvetkov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Epifanovskaya
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Babenko
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Parfenenkova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Bakin
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Yurovskaya
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Morozova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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High-dimensional immune profiling identifies a biomarker to monitor dimethyl fumarate response in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205042119. [PMID: 35881799 PMCID: PMC9351505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205042119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its wide clinical use, the mechanisms underlying clinical response are not understood. This study aimed to reveal immune markers of therapeutic response to DMF treatment in MS. For this purpose, we prospectively collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a highly characterized cohort of 44 individuals with MS before and at 12 and 48 wk of DMF treatment. Single cells were profiled using high-dimensional mass cytometry. To capture the heterogeneity of different immune subsets, we adopted a bioinformatic multipanel approach that allowed cell population-cluster assignment of more than 50 different parameters, including lineage and activation markers as well as chemokine receptors and cytokines. Data were further analyzed in a semiunbiased fashion implementing a supervised representation learning approach to capture subtle longitudinal immune changes characteristic for therapy response. With this approach, we identified a population of memory T helper cells expressing high levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interferon γ [IFNγ]) as well as CXCR3, whose abundance correlated with treatment response. Using spectral flow cytometry, we confirmed these findings in a second cohort of patients. Serum neurofilament light-chain levels confirmed the correlation of this immune cell signature with axonal damage. The identified cell population is expanded in peripheral blood under natalizumab treatment, substantiating a specific role in treatment response. We propose that depletion of GM-CSF-, IFNγ-, and CXCR3-expressing T helper cells is the main mechanism of action of DMF and allows monitoring of treatment response.
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Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Alshammari MA, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Khan MR, Albekairi TH, Alasmari AF, Alhosaini K, Alqahtani F, Al-Mazroua HA, Ahmad SF. Cathepsin B inhibitor alleviates Th1, Th17, and Th22 transcription factor signaling dysregulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:113997. [PMID: 35122866 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration in association with demyelination in the central nervous system. Among the factors involved in the immunological mechanisms of MS, Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells play a critical role. In the present study, we investigated the role of CA-074, a potent Cathepsin B inhibitor, in MS progression, using the SJL/J mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Following induction of EAE, mice were administered CA-074 (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally each day, beginning on day 14 and continuing until day 28, and were evaluated for clinical signs. We further investigated the effect of CA-074 on Th1 (T-bet/STAT4), Th17 (IL-17A/RORγT), Th22 (TNF-α/IL-22), and regulatory T (Treg/Foxp3) cells in the spleen, using flow cytometry. We also analyzed the effect of CA-074 on T-bet, IL-17A, RORγT, IL-22, and mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and western blot analysis for brain tissues. Cathepsin B expression were also assessed by western blot in the brain tissues. The severity of clinical scores decreased significantly in CA-074-treated mice compared with that in EAE control mice. Moreover, the percentage of CD4+T-bet+, CXCR5+T-bet+, CD4+STAT4+, CD4+IL-17A+, CXCR5+IL-17A+, CD4+RORγT+, CCR6+RORγT+, CD4+TNF-α+, CD4+IL-22+, and CCR6+IL-22+ cells decreased while CD25+Foxp3+ increased in CA-074-treated EAE mice as compared to vehicle-treated EAE mice. Further, CA-074-treated EAE mice had downregulated Cathepsin B protein expression which was associated with decreased T-bet, IL-17A, RORγT, and IL-22 mRNA/protein expression. These results suggest that Cathepsin B could be a novel therapeutic candidate against for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad R Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alam MS, Otsuka S, Wong N, Abbasi A, Gaida MM, Fan Y, Meerzaman D, Ashwell JD. TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109972118. [PMID: 34873037 PMCID: PMC8685675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4+ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt+IL-17lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Notably, TNFR2-deficient CD4+ T cells produced fewer inflammatory mediators and were less pathogenic in EAE and colitis. IL-1β, a Th17-skewing cytokine, induced TNF and proinflammatory granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in T cells, which was inhibited by disruption of TNFR2 signaling, demonstrating IL-1β can function indirectly via the production of TNF. Thus, TNF is not just an effector but also an initiator of inflammatory Th differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Shizuka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nathan Wong
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Yu Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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9
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Nakamura A, Haroon N. Recent Updates in the Immunopathology of Type 3 Immunity-Mediated Enthesitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:31. [PMID: 33893896 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enthesitis is a cardinal feature of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Despite increasing available treatments, challenges remain in adequately controlling inflammation and subsequent new bone formation (NBF) in entheses; thus, a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis is warranted. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence has identified immune cells playing key roles in enthesitis such as γδ T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), possibly with site-specific regulatory systems. The presence of T cells producing interleukin (IL)-17 independent of IL-23 in human spinal entheses was recently reported, which may corroborate the discrepancy between recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies. In addition, the contribution of myeloid cells has also been focused in both human and pre-clinical SpA models. Moreover, not only the IL-23/IL-17 signaling, but other key type 3 immunity mediators, such as IL-22 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been reported as pivotal cytokines in inflammation and NBF of entheses. Immune cells demonstrating distinct features orchestrate entheses, leading to the complex landscape of enthesitis. However, recent advances in understanding the immunopathogenesis may provide new therapeutic targets and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Spondylitis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Spondylitis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Qin L, Wang T, Bai O. Insights into the mechanisms of Th17 differentiation and the Yin-Yang of Th17 cells in human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:109-117. [PMID: 33756352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are a lineage of CD4+ T helper cells with Th17-specific transcription factors RORγt and RoRα. Since its discovery in 2005, research on Th17 has been in rapid progress, and increasing cytokines or transcription factors have been uncovered in the activation and differentiation of Th17 cells. Furthermore, growing evidence proves there are two different subsets of Th17 cells, namely non-pathogenic Th17 (non-pTh17) and pathogenic Th17 (pTh17), both of which play important roles in adaptive immunity, especially in host defenses, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of Th17 cells differentiation, and their roles in immunity and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lei Qin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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11
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Enhancer RNA lnc-CES1-1 inhibits decidual cell migration by interacting with RNA-binding protein FUS and activating PPARγ in URPL. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:104-112. [PMID: 33738142 PMCID: PMC7941017 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) is a significant reproductive health issue, affecting approximately 5% of pregnancies. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) have been reported to play important roles during embryo development and may be related to URPL. To investigate whether and how eRNAs are involved in URPL, we performed RNA sequencing in decidual tissue. Through comprehensive screening and validation, we identified a decidua-enriched eRNA long noncoding-CES1-1 (lnc-CES1-1) enriched in URPL patients and studied its function in decidua-associated cell lines (DACs). Higher expression of lnc-CES1-1 increased the level of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and impaired the cell migration ability, which was attenuated by downregulating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Upon activation by signal transduction and activation of transcription 4 (STAT4), lnc-CES1-1 interacted with the transcription factor fused in sarcoma (FUS) to upregulate the expression of PPARγ and affected cell migration. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the biological functions of decidua-associated lnc-CES1-1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying URPL. Our findings indicated that lnc-CES1-1 might be a potential candidate biomarker for URPL diagnosis and treatment.
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12
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Cytokines and Transgenic Matrix in Autoimmune Diseases: Similarities and Differences. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120559. [PMID: 33271810 PMCID: PMC7761121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are increasingly recognized as disease entities in which dysregulated cytokines contribute to tissue-specific inflammation. In organ-specific and multiorgan autoimmune diseases, the cytokine profiles show some similarities. Despite these similarities, the cytokines have different roles in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Altered levels or action of cytokines can result from changes in cell signaling. This article describes alterations in the JAK-STAT, TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. There is a special focus on T cells in preclinical models and in patients afflicted with these chronic inflammatory diseases.
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13
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Lee KMC, Achuthan AA, Hamilton JA. GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:225-240. [PMID: 33150139 PMCID: PMC7605919 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s262566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was firstly identified as being able to induce in vitro the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into granulocytes and macrophages. Much preclinical data have indicated that GM-CSF has a wide range of functions across different tissues in its action on myeloid cells, and GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicate its potential as an important therapeutic target in several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology of GM-CSF, raise some current issues and questions pertaining to this biology, summarize the results from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and list the latest clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF blockade in such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Kuo PC, Weng WT, Scofield BA, Paraiso HC, Brown DA, Wang PY, Yu IC, Yen JH. Dimethyl itaconate, an itaconate derivative, exhibits immunomodulatory effects on neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:138. [PMID: 32349768 PMCID: PMC7191722 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory stimuli induce immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) expression that in turn catalyzes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Itaconate has recently emerged as a regulator of immune cell functions, especially in macrophages. Studies show that itaconate is required for the activation of anti-inflammatory transcription factor Nrf2 by LPS in mouse and human macrophages, and LPS-activated IRG1-/- macrophages that lack endogenous itaconate production exhibit augmented inflammatory responses. Moreover, dimethyl itaconate (DMI), an itaconate derivative, inhibits IL-17-induced IκBς activation in keratinocytes and modulates IL-17-IκBς pathway-mediated skin inflammation in an animal model of psoriasis. Currently, the effect of itaconate on regulating macrophage functions and peripheral inflammatory immune responses is well established. However, its effect on microglia (MG) and CNS inflammatory immune responses remains unexplored. Thus, we investigated whether itaconate possesses an immunomodulatory effect on regulating MG activation and CNS inflammation in animal models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods Chronic C57BL/6 EAE was induced followed by DMI treatment. The effect of DMI on disease severity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, MG activation, peripheral Th1/Th17 differentiation, and the CNS infiltration of Th1/Th17 cells in EAE was determined. Primary MG was cultured to study the effect of DMI on MG activation. Relapsing-remitting SJL/J EAE was induced to assess the therapeutic effect of DMI. Results Our results show DMI ameliorated disease severity in the chronic C57BL/6 EAE model. Further analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms revealed that DMI mitigated BBB disruption, inhibited MMP3/MMP9 production, suppressed microglia activation, inhibited peripheral Th1/Th17 differentiation, and repressed the CNS infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells. Strikingly, DMI also exhibited a therapeutic effect on alleviating severity of relapse in the relapsing-remitting SJL/J EAE model. Conclusions We demonstrate that DMI suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in EAE through multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, suggesting that DMI can be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS/EAE through its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Barbara A Scofield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Hallel C Paraiso
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Dennis A Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 2101 E. Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA.
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15
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Dulson SJ, Watkins EE, Crossman DK, Harrington LE. STAT4 Directs a Protective Innate Lymphoid Cell Response to Gastrointestinal Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2472-2484. [PMID: 31562212 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are strategically positioned at mucosal barrier surfaces where they respond quickly to infection or injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that ILCs are key contributors to the early immune response in the intestine against Listeria monocytogenes Using a modified strain of L. monocytogenes that mimics human gastrointestinal listeriosis in mice, we find ILCs to be essential for control of early replication of L. monocytogenes in the intestine as well as for restricted dissemination of bacteria to peripheral tissues. Specifically, group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) and group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) respond to infection with proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-22 production. Mechanistically, we show that the transcription factor STAT4 is required for the proliferative and IFN-γ effector response by ILC1s and ILC3s, and loss of STAT4 signaling in the innate immune compartment results in an inability to control bacterial growth and dissemination. Interestingly, STAT4 acts acutely as a transcription factor to promote IFN-γ production. Together, these data illustrate a critical role for ILCs in the early responses to gastrointestinal infection with L. monocytogenes and identify STAT4 as a central modulator of ILC-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Dulson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Emily E Watkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and.,Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Laurie E Harrington
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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16
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Lotfi N, Thome R, Rezaei N, Zhang GX, Rezaei A, Rostami A, Esmaeil N. Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1265. [PMID: 31275302 PMCID: PMC6593264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. GM-CSF also has an important cytokine effect in chronic inflammatory diseases by stimulating the activation and migration of myeloid cells to inflammation sites, promoting survival of target cells and stimulating the renewal of effector granulocytes and macrophages. Because of these pro-cellular effects, an imbalance in GM-CSF production/signaling may lead to harmful inflammatory conditions. In this context, GM-CSF has a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases that are dependent on cellular immune responses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conversely, a protective role has also been described in other autoimmune diseases where humoral responses are detrimental such as myasthenia gravis (MG), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this review, we aimed for a comprehensive analysis of literature data on the multiple roles of GM-CSF in autoimmue diseases and possible therapeutic strategies that target GM-CSF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nahid Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Hu Y, Xu F, Zhang R, Legarda D, Dai J, Wang D, Li H, Zhang Y, Xue Q, Dong G, Zhang H, Lu C, Mortha A, Liu J, Cravedi P, Ting A, Li L, Qi CF, Pierce S, Merad M, Heeger P, Xiong H. Interleukin-1β-induced IRAK1 ubiquitination is required for T H-GM-CSF cell differentiation in T cell-mediated inflammation. J Autoimmun 2019; 102:50-64. [PMID: 31080014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can function as an inflammatory mediator, but whether GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells (TH-GM-CSF) are a distinct T helper cell subset is lacking. Herein we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-1β exclusively drives differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into TH-GM-CSF cells via inducing ubiquitination of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and subsequent activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-κB), independent of RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) required for TH17 differentiation. In vivo, TH-GM-CSF cells are present in murine Citrobacter Rodentium infections and mediate colitis following adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells into Rag1-/- mice via GM-CSF-induced macrophage activation. The TH-GM-CSF cell phenotype is stable and distinct from the TH17 genetic program, but IL-1β can convert pre-formed TH17 cells into TH-GM-CSF cells, thereby accounting for previously reported associations between IL-17 and GM-CSF. Together, our results newly identify IL-1β/NF-κB-dependent TH-GM-CSF cells as a unique T helper cell subset and highlight the importance of CD4+ T cell-derived GM-CSF induced macrophage activation as a previously undescribed T cell effector mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Feihong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diana Legarda
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Heyu Li
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Qingjie Xue
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adrian Ting
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, 272067, China.
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18
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes Th17 Lymphocyte Infiltration Via CCL25/CCR9 in Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:493-502. [PMID: 31065973 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component in innate immunity and has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder induced by autoreactive Th17 cells. In our study, we found that TLR4 deficient (TLR4-/-) mice were inadequate to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), characterized by low clinic score and weight loss, alleviative demyelinating, as well as decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord. In the lesion area of EAE mice, loss of TLR4 down-regulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine CCL25. Furthermore, the expression of CCR9 was decreased and chemotactic migration was attenuated in TLR4-/- Th17 cells. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 may mediate Th17 infiltration through CCL25/CCR9 signal during pathogenesis of EAE. Graphical Abstract Immunofluorescent staining of RORγt (green) and CCR9 (red) in spinal cords. TLR4 deficiency down-regulates CCR9 expression in infiltrating lymphocytes.
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19
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Chiou HYC, Lin MW, Hsiao PJ, Chen CL, Chiao S, Lin TY, Chen YC, Wu DC, Lin MH. Dulaglutide Modulates the Development of Tissue-Infiltrating Th1/Th17 Cells and the Pathogenicity of Encephalitogenic Th1 Cells in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1584. [PMID: 30934882 PMCID: PMC6479396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) has been reported to play a vital role in neuroprotection. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model widely used to study human multiple sclerosis, a chronic demyelination disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, important studies have designated that the signaling axis of GLP-1 and its receptor controls the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of EAE. However, it is elusive whether GLP-1 receptor signaling regulates the phenotype of autoreactive T cells in the CNS. We administered dulaglutide, a well-established GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), to treat EAE mice prophylactically or semi-therapeutically and subsequently analyzed the mononuclear cells of the CNS. In this study, dulaglutide treatment significantly alleviates the clinical manifestations and histopathological outcomes of EAE. Dulaglutide decreases incidences of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells and Th1 granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in the CNS. Administration of dulaglutide failed to control the chemotactic abilities of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells; however, prophylactic treatment considerably decreased the populations of dendritic cells and macrophages in the CNS parenchyma. These results obtained indicate that dulaglutide modulates the differentiation of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 and the pathogenicity of Th1 cells by influencing antigen presenting cells quantities, providing mechanism insight on T cells regulation in ameliorating EAE by GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Jung Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang Chiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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20
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Trager NNM, Butler JT, Harmon J, Mount J, Podbielska M, Haque A, Banik NL, Beeson CC. A Novel Aza-MBP Altered Peptide Ligand for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:267-275. [PMID: 28889362 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major target of T cells in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Interactions between the major histocompatibility complex II containing antigenic peptides and the T cell receptor activate CD4+ T cells that perpetuate EAE and MS. Previously reported data has shown that treating with an altered peptide ligand (APL) in which the normal antigenic peptide sequence of MBP has been slightly changed at T cell contact positions is helpful in reducing disease in both rodents and humans. The use of natural peptides, which are susceptible to protease degradation, requires high concentrations that can create hypersensitivity reactions. Our hypothesis is that APL containing aza substitutions, CH(R)-N- > N(R)N, could lead to improved protease resistance, reduced clinical disease scores, and a shift in T cell profile. In this study, several aza-APLs and control peptides were synthesized and screened for the best aza-APL candidate (3aza-APL) based on dissociation half time from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, induction of IL-2 response, and resistance to degradation by proteases. The efficacy was then tested in vivo. Results indicate that 3aza-APL is superior to currently available APLs in terms of protease resistance and disease suppression in EAE mice. The 3aza-APL induced anti-inflammatory immune responses by altering key transcription factors and cytokine genes which regulate T cell subpopulations. These data suggest that the novel 3aza-APL has increased protease resistance property and is effective in reducing clinical and physiological signs of disease in EAE animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N M Trager
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Harmon
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Street, MSC140, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Joshua Mount
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Street, MSC140, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Maria Podbielska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun Street, MSC140, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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21
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Dimitrijević M, Arsenović-Ranin N, Kosec D, Bufan B, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pilipović I, Leposavić G. Sexual dimorphism in Th17/Treg axis in lymph nodes draining inflamed joints in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:198-214. [PMID: 30476564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in Dark Agouti rats, a model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reproduces sexual dimorphism in the incidence and severity of the human disease. Th17 cells are central in the induction/propagation of autoimmune inflammation in CIA and RA. To assess mechanisms underlying this dimorphism in CIA rats, in lymph nodes draining inflamed joints and adjacent tissues (dLNs) from CIA rats of both sexes Th17/CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ T-regulatory cell (Treg) ratio, Th17 cell redifferentiation in functionally distinct subsets and Treg transdifferentiation into IL-17-producing cells (exTregs) were examined. In female rats (developing more severe CIA than their male counterparts) the higher frequency of all Th17 cells (reflecting partly their greater proliferation), followed by the higher frequency of highly pathogenic IFN-γ/GM-CSF-co-producing cells, but lower frequency of less pathogenic/immunoregulatory IL-10-producing cells among them was found. Additionally, compared with male rats, in female rats the lower frequency of Tregs was observed. Moreover, Tregs from female rats exhibited diminished proliferative and suppressive capacity (judging by PD-1 expression) and enhanced conversion into IL-17-producing cells. Given that TGF-β concentration was comparable in collagen-type II-stimulated dLN cell cultures from female and male rats, the shift in Th17/Treg ratio followed by augmented Th17 cell redifferentiation into IFN-γ/GM-CSF-co-producing cells and Treg transdifferentiation into IL-17-producing cells in female rats was associated with increased concentration of IL-6 in female rat dLN cell cultures, and the higher frequency of IL-1β- and IL-23-producing cells among their dLN cells. The lower frequency of IL-10-producing B cells, presumably B regulatory cells (Bregs) could also contribute to the shift in Th17/Treg ratio in female rat compared with male rat dLNs. Consistently, the lower expression of IL-35 (the cytokine promoting Treg expansion directly and indirectly, by favoring Breg expansion and conversion into IL-10/IL-35-producing cells) in female rat dLN cells was detected. Thus, the study identified putative cellular and molecular substrates of the sexual dimorphism in the immunopathogenesis and clinical outcome of CIA and suggested mechanisms to be targeted in females to improve control of Th17 response, and consequently clinical outcome of CIA, and possibly RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Center, Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Vojvode Stepe 458, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Center, Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Vojvode Stepe 458, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
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22
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Kostic M, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A, Stojanovic I. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a mediator of autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Chen Z, Chen S, Liu J. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:1-23. [PMID: 30114440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro-inflammatory activities and suppress type 2 anti-inflammatory activities, eventually resulting in deregulated neuroinflammation and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, studies have increasingly shown that therapies targeting T cells can alleviate neurodegeneration and motor behavior impairment in animal models of PD. Therefore, we conclude that abnormal T cell-mediated immunity is a fundamental pathological process that may be a promising translational therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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24
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Collagen-induced arthritis in Dark Agouti rats as a model for study of immunological sexual dimorphisms in the human disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Kuo PC, Brown DA, Scofield BA, Paraiso HC, Wang PY, Yu IC, Yen JH. Dithiolethione ACDT suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:76-87. [PMID: 29604346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of myelin-specific pathogenic T cells followed by brain inflammation in association with demyelination. Similarly, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, also exhibits increased CNS infiltration of pathogenic T cells, including Th1 and Th17, leading to detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and demyelination. We previously reported that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), the structurally-simplest of the sulfur-containing dithiolethiones, exerted a promising therapeutic effect in EAE. In the current study we report that 5-Amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2)dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT), a substituted derivative of D3T, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in EAE. ACDT, administered post immunization, delayed disease onset and reduced disease severity in chronic C57BL/6 EAE, and ACDT, administered during disease remission, suppressed disease relapse in relapsing-remitting SJL/J EAE. Further analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of ACDT in EAE revealed that ACDT inhibited pathogenic T cell infiltration, suppressed microglia activation, repressed neurotoxic A1 astrocyte generation, lessened blood-brain barrier disruption, and diminished MMP3/9 production in the CNS of EAE. In summary, we demonstrate that ACDT suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in EAE through multiple cellular mechanisms. Our findings suggest the potential of developing ACDT as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS/EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Dennis A Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Barbara A Scofield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Hallel C Paraiso
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.
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26
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Nylander AN, Ponath GD, Axisa PP, Mubarak M, Tomayko M, Kuchroo VK, Pitt D, Hafler DA. Podoplanin is a negative regulator of Th17 inflammation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92321. [PMID: 28878118 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that there are different subpopulations of Th17 cells that can express a regulatory as opposed to an inflammatory gene signature. The transmembrane glycoprotein PDPN is critical in the development of multiple organs including the lymphatic system and has been described on T cells in mouse models of autoimmune Th17 inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that unlike in mice, PDPN+ T cells induced under classic Th17-polarizing conditions express transcription factors associated with Th17 cells but do not produce IL-17. Moreover, these cells express a transcriptional profile enriched for immunosuppressive and regulatory pathways and express a distinct cytokine profile compared with potentially pathogenic PDPN- Th17 cells. Ligation of PDPN by its ligand CLEC-2 ameliorates the Th17 inflammatory response. IL-17 secretion is restored with shRNA gene silencing of PDPN. Furthermore, PDPN expression is reduced via an Sgk1-mediated pathway under proinflammatory, high sodium chloride conditions. Finally, CD3+PDPN+ T cells are devoid of IL-17 in skin biopsies from patients with candidiasis, a prototypical Th17-driven skin disease. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that PDPN may serve as a marker of a nonpathogenic Th17 cell subset and may also functionally regulate pathogenic Th17 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Nylander
- Department of Neurology.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program.,Department of Immunobiology, and
| | | | | | | | - Mary Tomayko
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program.,Department of Immunobiology, and
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27
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Kujur W, Gurram RK, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Chodisetti SB, Khan N, Agrewala JN. Caerulomycin A suppresses the differentiation of naïve T cells and alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:317-328. [PMID: 28686480 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1332185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly detrimental autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. There is no cure for it but the treatment typically focuses on subsiding severity and recurrence of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS. It is characterized by frequent relapses due to the generation of memory T cells. Caerulomycin A (CaeA) is known to suppress the Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and Th17 cells. Interestingly, it enhances the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Th1 cells and Th17 cells are known to aggravate EAE, whereas Tregs suppress the disease symptoms. Consequently, in the current study we evaluated the influence of CaeA on EAE. Intriguingly, we observed by whole body imaging that CaeA regressed the clinical symptoms of EAE. Further, there was reduction in the pool of Th1 cells, Th17 cells, and CD8 T cells. The mechanism involved in suppressing the EAE symptoms was due to the inhibition in the generation of effector and central memory T cells and induction of the expansion of Tregs. In essence, these findings implicate that CaeA may be considered as a potent future immunosuppressive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weshely Kujur
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Rama Krishna Gurram
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,b National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sudeep K Maurya
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,c Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Nargis Khan
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India.,d Department of Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Javed Naim Agrewala
- a Immunology Laboratory , CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India
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28
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Vujnović I, Bufan B, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Strain specificities in cellular and molecular immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:146-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Li J, Jing J, Bai Y, Li Z, Xing R, Tan B, Ma X, Qiu WW, Du C, Du B, Yang F, Tang J, Siwko S, Liu M, Chen H, Luo J. SH479, a Betulinic Acid Derivative, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating the T Helper 17/Regulatory T Cell Balance. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:464-474. [PMID: 28213589 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells, especially T helper 17 (TH17) cells, combined with immune regulatory network dysfunction, play key roles in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Betulinic acid (BA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to be involved in anti-inflammation, in particular having an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. In this study, we screened BA derivatives and found a BA derivative, SH479, that had a greater inhibitory effect on TH17 differentiation. Our further analysis showed that SH479 had a greater inhibitory effect on TH17 and TH1, and a more stimulatory effect on regulatory T (Treg) cells. To evaluate the effects of SH479 on autoimmune diseases in vivo, we employed the extensively used MS mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results showed that SH479 ameliorated clinical and histologic signs of EAE in both prevention and therapeutic protocols by regulating the TH17/Treg balance. SH479 dose-dependently reduced splenic lymphocyte proinflammatory factors and increased anti-inflammatory factors. Moreover, SH479 specifically inhibited splenic lymphocyte viability from EAE mice but not normal splenic lymphocyte viability. At the molecular level, SH479 inhibited TH17 differentiation by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the Il-17a promoter in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, SH479 promoted the STAT5 signaling pathway and inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Together, our data demonstrated that SH479 ameliorated EAE by regulating the TH17/Treg balance through inhibiting the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways while activating the STAT5 pathway, suggesting that SH479 is a potential novel drug candidate for autoimmune diseases including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Ji Jing
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Roumei Xing
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Binhe Tan
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Changsheng Du
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
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Functional genomics analysis of vitamin D effects on CD4+ T cells in vivo in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1678-E1687. [PMID: 28196884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615783114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts multiple immunomodulatory functions and has been implicated in the etiology and treatment of several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We have previously reported that in juvenile/adolescent rats, vitamin D supplementation protects from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Here we demonstrate that this protective effect associates with decreased proliferation of CD4+ T cells and lower frequency of pathogenic T helper (Th) 17 cells. Using transcriptome, methylome, and pathway analyses in CD4+ T cells, we show that vitamin D affects multiple signaling and metabolic pathways critical for T-cell activation and differentiation into Th1 and Th17 subsets in vivo. Namely, Jak/Stat, Erk/Mapk, and Pi3K/Akt/mTor signaling pathway genes were down-regulated upon vitamin D supplementation. The protective effect associated with epigenetic mechanisms, such as (i) changed levels of enzymes involved in establishment and maintenance of epigenetic marks, i.e., DNA methylation and histone modifications; (ii) genome-wide reduction of DNA methylation, and (iii) up-regulation of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, with concomitant down-regulation of their protein-coding target RNAs involved in T-cell activation and differentiation. We further demonstrate that treatment of myelin-specific T cells with vitamin D reduces frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells, down-regulates genes in key signaling pathways and epigenetic machinery, and impairs their ability to transfer EAE. Finally, orthologs of nearly 50% of candidate MS risk genes and 40% of signature genes of myelin-reactive T cells in MS changed their expression in vivo in EAE upon supplementation, supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D may modulate risk for developing MS.
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Goswami R, Kaplan M. STAT Transcription Factors in T Cell Control of Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:123-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Multiple genes, especially immune-regulating genes, contribute to disease susceptibility in systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2016; 28:595-605. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leibowitz SM, Yan J. NF-κB Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Therapeutic Implications. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:84. [PMID: 27695399 PMCID: PMC5023675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in cell immune responses, apoptosis and infections. In multiple sclerosis (MS), NF-κB pathways are changed, leading to increased levels of NF-κB activation in cells. This may indicate a key role for NF-κB in MS pathogenesis. NF-κB signaling is complex, with many elements involved in its activation and regulation. Interestingly, current MS treatments are found to be directly or indirectly linked to NF-κB pathways and act to adjust the innate and adaptive immune system in patients. In this review, we will first focus on the intricacies of NF-κB signaling, including the activating pathways and regulatory elements. Next, we will theorize about the role of NF-κB in MS pathogenesis, based on current research findings, and discuss some of the associated therapeutic implications. Lastly, we will review four new MS treatments which interrupt NF-κB pathways—fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and laquinimod (LAQ)—and explain their mechanisms, and the possible strategy for MS treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Leibowitz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun Yan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Evonuk KS, Moseley CE, Doyle RE, Weaver CT, DeSilva TM. Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685467 PMCID: PMC5092010 DOI: 10.3791/54348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of the autoimmune demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) is immune cell infiltration into the brain and spinal cord resulting in myelin destruction, which not only slows conduction of nerve impulses, but causes axonal injury resulting in motor and cognitive decline. Current treatments for MS focus on attenuating immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). These treatments decrease the number of relapses, improving quality of life, but do not completely eliminate relapses so long-term disability is not improved. Therefore, therapeutic agents that protect the CNS are warranted. In both animal models as well as human patients with MS, T cell entry into the CNS is generally considered the initiating inflammatory event. In order to assess if a drug protects the CNS, any potential effects on immune cell infiltration or proliferation in the periphery must be ruled out. This protocol describes how to determine whether CNS protection observed after drug intervention is a consequence of attenuating CNS-infiltrating immune cells or blocking death of CNS cells during inflammatory insults. The ability to examine MS treatments that are protective to the CNS during inflammatory insults is highly critical for the advancement of therapeutic strategies since current treatments reduce, but do not completely eliminate, relapses (i.e., immune cell infiltration), leaving the CNS vulnerable to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Evonuk
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Ryan E Doyle
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Center for Glial Biology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham;
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Dysregulation of Th1, Th2, Th17, and T regulatory cell-related transcription factor signaling in children with autism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4390-4400. [PMID: 27344332 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by stereotypic repetitive behaviors, impaired social interactions, and communication deficits. Numerous immune system abnormalities have been described in individuals with autism including abnormalities in the ratio of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells; however, the expression of the transcription factors responsible for the regulation and differentiation of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells has not previously been evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with autism (AU) or typically developing (TD) control children were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. The expressions of Foxp3, RORγt, STAT-3, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNAs and proteins were then assessed. Our study shows that children with AU displayed altered immune profiles and function, characterized by a systemic deficit of Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and increased RORγt+, T-bet+, GATA-3+, and production by CD4+ T cells as compared to TD. This was confirmed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses. Our results suggest that autism impacts transcription factor signaling, which results in an immunological imbalance. Therefore, the restoration of transcription factor signaling may have a great therapeutic potential in the treatment of autistic disorders.
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Bonomo A, Monteiro AC, Gonçalves-Silva T, Cordeiro-Spinetti E, Galvani RG, Balduino A. A T Cell View of the Bone Marrow. Front Immunol 2016; 7:184. [PMID: 27242791 PMCID: PMC4868947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of T cells present in the bone marrow (BM) represent an activated/memory phenotype and most of these, if not all, are circulating T cells. Their lodging in the BM keeps them activated, turning the BM microenvironment into a “memory reservoir.” This article will focus on how T cell activation in the BM results in both direct and indirect effects on the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell niche will be presented, with its main components and organization, along with the role played by T lymphocytes in basal and pathologic conditions and their effect on the bone remodeling process. Also discussed herein will be how “normal” bone mass peak is achieved only in the presence of an intact adaptive immune system, with T and B cells playing critical roles in this process. Our main hypothesis is that the partnership between T cells and cells of the BM microenvironment orchestrates numerous processes regulating immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bonomo
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Immunology and Inflammation Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eric Cordeiro-Spinetti
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rômulo Gonçalves Galvani
- Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Microbiology Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Balduino
- Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Excellion Laboratory, Amil/UnitedHealth Group, Petrópolis, Brazil
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Kim SB, Choi JY, Uyangaa E, Patil AM, Hossain FMA, Hur J, Park SY, Lee JH, Kim K, Eo SK. Blockage of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates Japanese encephalitis via enhancement of type I/II IFN innate and adaptive T-cell responses. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:79. [PMID: 27090635 PMCID: PMC4835894 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE), a leading cause of viral encephalitis, is characterized by extensive neuroinflammation following infection with neurotropic JE virus (JEV). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been identified as an enzyme associated with immunoregulatory function. Although the regulatory role of IDO in viral replication has been postulated, the in vivo role of IDO activity has not been fully addressed in neurotropic virus-caused encephalitis. Methods Mice in which IDO activity was inhibited by genetic ablation or using a specific inhibitor were examined for mortality and clinical signs after infection. Neuroinflammation was evaluated by central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of leukocytes and cytokine expression. IDO expression, viral burden, JEV-specific T-cell, and type I/II interferon (IFN-I/II) innate responses were also analyzed. Results Elevated expression of IDO activity in myeloid and neuron cells of the lymphoid and CNS tissues was closely associated with clinical signs of JE. Furthermore, inhibition of IDO activity enhanced resistance to JE, reduced the viral burden in lymphoid and CNS tissues, and resulted in early and increased CNS infiltration by Ly-6Chi monocytes, NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells. JE amelioration in IDO-ablated mice was also associated with enhanced NK and JEV-specific T-cell responses. More interestingly, IDO ablation induced rapid enhancement of type I IFN (IFN-I) innate responses in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional and plasmacytoid DCs, following JEV infection. This enhanced IFN-I innate response in IDO-ablated CD11c+ DCs was coupled with strong induction of PRRs (RIG-I, MDA5), transcription factors (IRF7, STAT1), and antiviral ISG genes (Mx1, Mx2, ISG49, ISG54, ISG56). IDO ablation also enhanced the IFN-I innate response in neuron cells, which may delay the spread of virus in the CNS. Finally, we identified that IDO ablation in myeloid cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) dominantly contributed to JE amelioration and that HSC-derived leukocytes played a key role in the enhanced IFN-I innate responses in the IDO-ablated environment. Conclusions Inhibition of IDO activity ameliorated JE via enhancement of antiviral IFN-I/II innate and adaptive T-cell responses and increased CNS infiltration of peripheral leukocytes. Therefore, our data provide valuable insight into the use of IDO inhibition by specific inhibitors as a promising tool for therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against viral encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Bum Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebileg Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Laaksonen H, Flytzani S, N'diaye M, Olsson T, Jagodic M. Translational utility of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: recent developments. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:211-25. [PMID: 26622189 PMCID: PMC4654535 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s76707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune condition with firmly established genetic and environmental components. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a large number of genetic polymorphisms in the vicinity of, and within, genes that associate to disease. However, the significance of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms in disease and possible mechanisms of action remain, with a few exceptions, to be established. While the animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has been instrumental in understanding immunity in general and mechanisms of MS disease in particular, much of the translational information gathered from the model in terms of treatment development (glatiramer acetate and natalizumab) has been extensively summarized. In this review, we would thus like to cover the work done in EAE from a GWAS perspective, highlighting the research that has addressed the role of different GWAS genes and their pathways in EAE pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of these pathways to disease might allow for the stratification of disease subphenotypes in patients and in turn open the possibility for new and individualized treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Laaksonen
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie N'diaye
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pilipović I, Vujnović I, Blagojević V, Kosec D, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Aging diminishes the resistance of AO rats to EAE: putative role of enhanced generation of GM-CSF Expressing CD4+ T cells in aged rats. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:16. [PMID: 26448779 PMCID: PMC4596406 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging influences immune response and susceptibility to EAE in a strain specific manner. The study was designed to examine influence of aging on EAE induction in Albino Oxford (AO) rats. RESULTS Differently from 3-month-old (young) rats, which were resistant to EAE induction, the majority of aged (24-26-month-old) rats developed mild chronic form of EAE. On 16(th) day post-immunization, when in aged rats the neurological deficit reached plateau, more mononuclear cells, including CD4+ T lymphocytes was retrieved from spinal cord of aged than young rats. The frequencies of IL-17+ and GM-CSF+ cells within spinal cord infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes were greater in aged rats. To their increased frequency contributed the expansion of GM-CSF + IL-17 + IFN-γ+ cells, which are highly pathogenic in mice. The expression of the cytokines (IL-1β and IL-23/p19) driving GM-CSF + IL-17 + IFN-γ + cell differentiation in mice was also augmented in aged rat spinal cord mononuclear cells. Additionally, in aged rat spinal cord the expansion of GM-CSF + IL-17-IFN-γ- CD4+ T lymphocytes was found. Consistently, the expression of mRNAs for IL-3, the cytokine exhibiting the same expression pattern as GM-CSF, and IL-7, the cytokine driving differentiation of GM-CSF + IL-17-IFN-γ- CD4 + lymphocytes in mice, was upregulated in aged rat spinal cord mononuclear cells, and the tissue, respectively. This was in accordance with the enhanced generation of the brain antigen-specific GM-CSF+ CD4+ lymphocytes in aged rat draining lymph nodes, as suggested by (i) the higher frequency of GM-CSF+ cells (reflecting the expansion of IL-17-IFN-γ- cells) within their CD4+ lymphocytes and (ii) the upregulated GM-CSF and IL-3 mRNA expression in fresh CD4+ lymphocytes and MBP-stimulated draining lymph node cells and IL-7 mRNA in lymph node tissue from aged rats. In agreement with the upregulated GM-CSF expression in aged rats, strikingly more CD11b + CD45(int) (activated microglia) and CD45(hi) (mainly proinflammatory dendritic cells and macrophages) cells was retrieved from aged than young rat spinal cord. Besides, expression of mRNA for SOCS1, a negative regulator of proinflammatory cytokine expression in innate immunity cells, was downregulated in aged rat spinal cord mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that aging may overcome genetic resistance to EAE, and indicated the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon in AO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vujnović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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