1
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Takaya K, Kishi K. Combined dasatinib and quercetin treatment contributes to skin rejuvenation through selective elimination of senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. Biogerontology 2024; 25:691-704. [PMID: 38619669 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The skin's protective functions are compromised over time by both endogenous and exogenous aging. Senescence is well-documented in skin phenotypes, such as wrinkling and sagging, a consequence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that involves the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts, chronic inflammation, and collagen remodeling. Although therapeutic approaches for eliminating senescent cells from the skin are available, their efficacy remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the effects of dasatinib in combination with quercetin (D + Q) on senescent human skin fibroblasts and aging human skin. Senescence was induced in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) using approaches such as long-term passaging, ionizing radiation, and doxorubicin treatment. The generated senescent cells were treated with D + Q or vehicle. Additionally, a mouse-human chimera model was generated by subcutaneously transplanting whole-skin grafts of aged individuals onto nude mice. Mouse models were administered D + Q or vehicle by oral gavage for 30 days. Subsequently, skin samples were harvested and stained for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Senescence-associated markers were assessed by western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and histological analyses. Herein, D + Q selectively eliminated senescent HDFs in all cellular models of induced senescence. Additionally, D + Q-treated aged human skin grafts exhibited increased collagen density and suppression of the SASP compared with control grafts. No adverse events were observed during the study period. Collectively, D + Q could ameliorate skin aging through selective elimination of senescent dermal fibroblasts and suppression of the SASP. Our findings suggest that D + Q could be developed as an effective therapeutic approach for combating skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Turgutalp B, Kizil C. Multi-target drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024:S0165-6147(24)00097-X. [PMID: 38853102 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, increasingly challenges our healthcare systems and society. Traditional therapies aimed at single targets have fallen short owing to the complex, multifactorial nature of AD that necessitates simultaneous targeting of various disease mechanisms for clinical success. Therefore, targeting multiple pathologies at the same time could provide a synergistic therapeutic effect. The identification of new disease targets beyond the classical hallmarks of AD offers a fertile ground for the design of new multi-target drugs (MTDs), and building on existing compounds have the potential to yield in successful disease modifying therapies. This review discusses the evolving landscape of MTDs, focusing on their potential as AD therapeutics. Analysis of past and current trials of compounds with multi-target activity underscores the capacity of MTDs to offer synergistic therapeutic effects, and the flourishing genetic understanding of AD will inform and inspire the development of MTD-based AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Turgutalp
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
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Lu L, Ye J, Yi D, Qi T, Luo T, Wu S, Yang L, Li L, Zhang H, Chen D. Runx2 Suppresses Astrocyte Activation and Astroglial Scar Formation After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04212-6. [PMID: 38789894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, astrocytes undergo a reactive process and form an astroglial scar, which impedes the regeneration of axons. The role of Runx2 in promoting the transformation of astrocytes in the central nervous system is well-established. However, it remains unclear whether Runx2 also plays a role in the development of astroglial scar, and the precise underlying mechanism has yet to be identified. Recently, our study using cell culture and animal models has demonstrated that Runx2 actually suppresses astrocyte activation and the formation of astroglial scar following injury. The initial results demonstrated an increase in the expression of Runx2 in astrocytes following in vivo injury. Subsequently, the overexpression of Runx2 resulted in the inhibition of astrocyte activation, reduction in the total area of astroglial scar, and restoration of neural function after 14 days of injury. However, these effects were reversed by CADD522. These findings indicate that Runx2 could potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, our findings suggest that the Nuclear-matrix-targeting signal (NMTS) of Runx2 is associated with its effect. In summary, the study's results propose that targeting Runx2 may be a promising treatment approach for reactive astrocytes and astroglial scar in the recovery of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Lu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiazong Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Dongtou District People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325700, China
| | - Dafa Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tengfei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tong Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Silei Wu
- The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated To Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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4
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Gao R, Ali T, Liu Z, Li A, He K, Yang C, Feng J, Li S. NMDAR (2C) deletion in astrocytes relieved LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111964. [PMID: 38603856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The link between neuroinflammation and depression is a subject of growing interest in neuroscience and psychiatry; meanwhile, the precise mechanisms are still being unrevealed. However, glial cell activation, together with cytokine level elevation, suggests a connection between neuroinflammation and the development or exacerbation of depression. Glial cells (astrocytes) communicate with neurons via their extracellular neurotransmitter receptors, including glutamate receptors NMDARs. However, these receptor roles are controversial and enigmatic in neurological disorders, including depression. Therefore, we hypothesized whether NMDAR subnit NR2C deletion in the astrocytes exhibited anti-depressive effects concurrent with neuroinflammation prevention. To assess, we prepared astrocytic-NR2C knockout mice (G-2C: GFAPCre+Grin2Cflox/flox), followed by LPS administration, behavior tests, and biochemical analysis. Stimulatingly, astrocytic-NR2C knockout mice (G-2C) did not display depressive-like behaviors, neuroinflammation, and synaptic deficits upon LPS treatment. PI3K was impaired upon LPS administration in control mice (Grin2Cflox/flox); however, they were intact in the hippocampus of LPS-treated G-2C mice. Further, PI3K activation (via PTEN inhibition by BPV) restored neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior, accompanied by altered synaptic protein and spine numbers in G-2C mice in the presence of LPS. In addition, NF-κB and JNK inhibitor (BAY, SP600125) treatments reversed the effects of BPV. Moreover, these results were further validated with an NR2C antagonist DQP-1105. Collectively, these observations support the astrocytic-NR2C contribution to LPS-induced neuroinflammation, depression, and synaptic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China, 518055.
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China, 518055; Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China.
| | - Zizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China, 518055.
| | - Axiang Li
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio-Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China, 518055.
| | - Canyu Yang
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio-Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinxing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China, 518055; Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Yu Y, Chen R, Mao K, Deng M, Li Z. The Role of Glial Cells in Synaptic Dysfunction: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024; 15:459-479. [PMID: 37548934 PMCID: PMC10917533 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impacts a substantial number of individuals globally. Despite its widespread prevalence, there is currently no cure for AD. It is widely acknowledged that normal synaptic function holds a key role in memory, cognitive abilities, and the interneuronal transfer of information. As AD advances, symptoms including synaptic impairment, decreased synaptic density, and cognitive decline become increasingly noticeable. The importance of glial cells in the formation of synapses, the growth of neurons, brain maturation, and safeguarding the microenvironment of the central nervous system is well recognized. However, during AD progression, overactive glial cells can cause synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and abnormal neuroinflammation. Both neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction are present in the early stages of AD. Therefore, focusing on the changes in glia-synapse communication could provide insights into the mechanisms behind AD. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the role of various glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, in regulating synaptic dysfunction. This may offer a new perspective on investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kaiyue Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Maoyan Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Hou S, Xia Y, Wang YQ. Influence of the brain‑gut axis on neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:30. [PMID: 38299236 PMCID: PMC10852013 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular ailment, poses significant threats to human life and health. The intricate interplay between the gut‑brain‑microbiota axis (GBMA) and cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion has increasingly become a focal point of scientific exploration, emerging as a pivotal research avenue in stroke pathophysiology. In the present review, the authors delved into the nexus between the GBMA and neuroinflammation observed post‑stroke. The analysis underscored the pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 3 and neutrophil extracellular traps subsequent to stroke incidents. The influence of gut microbial compositions and their metabolites, notably short‑chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N‑oxide, on neuroinflammatory processes, was further elucidated. The involvement of immune cells, especially regulatory T‑cells, and the intricate signaling cascades including cyclic GMP‑AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes/Toll‑like receptor, further emphasized the complex regulatory mechanisms of GBMA in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Collectively, the present review offered a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic, immune and inflammatory modulations orchestrated by GBMA, augmenting the understanding of its role in neuroinflammation following CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Xia
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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7
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Ganesan K, Rentsch P, Langdon A, Milham LT, Vissel B. Modeling sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice by combining Apolipoprotein E4 risk gene with environmental risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1357405. [PMID: 38476659 PMCID: PMC10927790 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1357405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the mouse models used in preclinical research largely replicate familial form of AD, while majority of human cases are sporadic; both forms differ widely in the onset and origin of pathology, therefore requiring specific/targeted treatments. Methods In this study, we aimed to model sporadic AD in mice by combining two of the many risk factors that are strongly implicated in AD: ApoE4, a major genetic risk factor, together with an inflammatory stimuli. Accordingly, we subjected ApoE4 knock in (KI) mice, expressing humanized ApoE4, to low doses of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections (i.p, weekly, for 4 months). Results We assessed these animals for behavioral impairments at 6 months of age using Open Field, Y-maze, and Barnes Maze Test. LPS induced hypoactivity was observed in the Open Field and Y-maze test, whereas spatial learning and memory was intact. We then quantified differences in dendritic spine density, which is a strong correlate of AD. ApoE4KI mice showed a significant reduction in the number of spines after treatment with LPS, whereas there were no obvious differences in the total number of microglia and astrocytes. Discussion To conclude, in the current study the APoEe4 risk gene increases the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to inflammation induced spine loss, laying a foundation for an early sporadic AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Ganesan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Langdon
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke T. Milham
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cuní-López C, Stewart R, Oikari LE, Nguyen TH, Roberts TL, Sun Y, Guo CC, Lupton MK, White AR, Quek H. Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:50. [PMID: 38365833 PMCID: PMC10870454 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Current approaches targeting hallmark pathological features of AD have had no consistent clinical benefit. Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to neurodegeneration and hence, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are an attractive target for potentially more effective therapeutic strategies. However, there is no current in vitro model system that captures AD patient-specific microglial characteristics using physiologically relevant and experimentally flexible culture conditions. METHODS To address this shortcoming, we developed novel 3D Matrigel-based monocyte-derived microglia-like cell (MDMi) mono-cultures and co-cultures with neuro-glial cells (ReNcell VM). We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis to compare the transcriptomic signatures of MDMi between model systems (2D, 3D and 3D co-culture) and against published human microglia datasets. To demonstrate the potential of MDMi for use in personalized pre-clinical strategies, we generated and characterized MDMi models from sixteen AD patients and matched healthy controls, and profiled cytokine responses upon treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs (dasatinib and spiperone). RESULTS MDMi in 3D exhibited a more branched morphology and longer survival in culture compared to 2D. scRNAseq uncovered distinct MDMi subpopulations that exhibit higher functional heterogeneity and best resemble human microglia in 3D co-culture. AD MDMi in 3D co-culture showed altered cell-to-cell interactions, growth factor and cytokine secretion profiles and responses to amyloid-β. Drug testing assays revealed patient- and model-specific cytokine responses. CONCLUSION Our study presents a novel, physiologically relevant and AD patient-specific 3D microglia cell model that opens avenues towards improving personalized drug development strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cuní-López
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Romal Stewart
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Tam Hong Nguyen
- Scientific Services, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Tara L Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Yifan Sun
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Christine C Guo
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, 32502, USA
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Hazel Quek
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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9
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Song JQ, Yang KC, Fan XZ, Deng L, Zhu YL, Zhou H, Huang YS, Kong XQ, Zhang LJ, Liao HB. Clerodane diterpenoids with in-vitro anti-neuroinflammatory activity from the tuberous root of Tinospora sagittata (Menispermaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 218:113932. [PMID: 38056516 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six clerodane diterpenoids have been isolated from T. sagittata, a plant species of traditional Chinese medicine Radix Tinosporae, also named as "Jin Guo Lan". Among them, there are eight previously undescribed clerodane diterpenoids (tinotanoids A-H: 1-8), and 18 known diterpenoids (9-26). The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 5, 8, 13, 17 and 20 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is the first example of rotameric clerodane diterpenoid with a γ-lactone ring which is constructed between C-11 and C-17; meanwhile, compounds 3 and 4 are two pairs of inseparable epimers. Compounds 2, 12 and 17 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity on NO production against LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 9.56 ± 0.69, 9.11 ± 0.53 and 11.12 ± 0.70 μM, respectively. These activities were significantly higher than that of the positive control minocycline (IC50 = 23.57 ± 0.92 μM). Moreover, compounds 2, 12 and 17 dramatically reduced the LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Compounds 2 and 12 significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 that were increased by LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yang-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ya-Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Kong
- GuangZhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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10
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Nieto M, Konigsberg M, Silva-Palacios A. Quercetin and dasatinib, two powerful senolytics in age-related cardiovascular disease. Biogerontology 2024; 25:71-82. [PMID: 37747577 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characteristic of the development and progression of multiple age-associated diseases. Accumulation of senescent cells in the heart contributes to various age-related pathologies. Several compounds called senolytics have been designed to eliminate these cells within the tissues. In recent years, the use and study of senolytics increased, representing a promising field for finding accessible and safe therapies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. This mini-review discusses the changes in the aging heart and the participation of senescent cells in CVD, as well as the use of senolytics to prevent the progression of myocardial damage, mainly the effect of dasatinib and quercetin. In particular, the mechanisms and physiological effects of senolytics therapies in the aged heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nieto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Colonia Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Colonia Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Thapak P, Ying Z, Palafox-Sanchez V, Zhang G, Yang X, Gomez-Pinilla F. Humanin ameliorates TBI-related cognitive impairment by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166937. [PMID: 37926362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in a reduction of the capacity of cells to sustain energy demands, thus, compromising neuronal function and plasticity. Here we show that the mitochondrial activator humanin (HN) counteracts a TBI-related reduction in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including oxygen consumption rate. HN normalized the disruptive action of TBI on memory function, and restored levels of synaptic proteins (synapsin 1 and p-CREB). HN also counteracted TBI-related elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma (TNF-α, INF-y, IL 17, IL 5, MCP 5, GCSF, RANNETS, sTNFRI) as well as in the hippocampus (gp-130 and p-STAT3). Gp-130 is an integral part of cytokine receptor impinging on STAT3 (Tyr-705) signaling. Furthermore, HN reduced astrocyte proliferation in TBI. The overall evidence suggests that HN plays an integral role in normalizing fundamental aspects of TBI pathology which are central to energy balance, brain function, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA
| | - Victoria Palafox-Sanchez
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Depts. of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA BIRC, University of California, Los Angeles 90064, USA.
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12
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Ma L, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu M, Ye W, Li X. Application of LRG mechanism in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23940. [PMID: 38223707 PMCID: PMC10784321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a prevalent type of hydrocephalus, including secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (SNPH) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). However, its clinical diagnosis and pathological mechanism are still unclear. Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein (LRG) is involved in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nervous system diseases. Now the physiological mechanism of LRG is still being explored. According to the current research results on LRG, we found that the agency of LRG has much to do with the known pathological process of NPH. This review focuses on analyzing the LRG signaling pathways and the pathological mechanism of NPH. According to the collected literature evidence, we speculated that LRG probably be involved in the pathological process of NPH. Finally, based on the mechanism of LRG and NPH, we also summarized the evidence of molecular targeted therapies for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Menghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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13
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Lau TA, Mair E, Rabbitts BM, Lohith A, Lokey RS. High-Content Image-Based Screening and Deep Learning for the Detection of Anti-Inflammatory Drug Leads. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300136. [PMID: 37815526 PMCID: PMC11126213 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high-content image-based screen that utilizes the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and murine macrophages (RAW264.7) with the goal of enabling the identification of novel anti-inflammatory lead compounds. We screened 2,259 bioactive compounds with annotated mechanisms of action (MOA) to identify compounds that block the LPS-induced phenotype in macrophages. We utilized a set of seven fluorescence microscopy probes to generate images that were used to train and optimize a deep neural network classifier to distinguish between unstimulated and LPS-stimulated macrophages. The top hits from the deep learning classifier were validated using a linear classifier trained on individual cells and subsequently investigated in a multiplexed cytokine secretion assay. All 12 hits significantly modulated the expression of at least one cytokine upon LPS stimulation. Seven of these were allosteric inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and showed similar effects on cytokine expression. This deep learning morphological assay identified compounds that modulate the innate immune response to LPS and may aid in identifying new anti-inflammatory drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannia A Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Elmar Mair
- No affiliation, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Beverley M Rabbitts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Akshar Lohith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - R Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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14
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Mostafa RE, Asaad GF. Meclizine moderates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through the regulation of AKT/ NF-κβ/ERK/JNK signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2797-2806. [PMID: 37733253 PMCID: PMC10663243 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is identified as significant inflammatory reactions occurring in the central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates innate immune reactions and is used as an in vivo animal model for the investigation of inflammation. Meclizine (MCLZ) is a histamine antagonist with potential neuroprotective qualities. Forty adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups (n = 10). Group 1 served as a control negative group. Groups 2-4 were injected with LPS (5 mg/kg; i.p). Group 2 served as LPS-control. Groups 3 & 4 were given MCLZ (12.5 & 25 mg/kg; p.o) respectively for 14 days. LPS administration resulted in significant neuroinflammation in mice as was revealed by significant inflammatory histopathological changes and positive immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) accompanied by significant elevations of brain tissue contents of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κβ), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and C-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNK). MCLZ treatment significantly down-regulated all the aforementioned parameters in mice brains. Moreover, MCLZ treatment ameliorated the inflammatory histopathological changes and GFAP immunostaining in brain tissues. The current study identifies for the first time the protective anti-neuroinflammatory effects of MCLZ against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice. MCLZ protected against neuroinflammation via the amelioration of inflammatory histopathological changes as well as neuronal GFAP immunostaining and down-regulated the AKT/NF-κβ/ERK/JNK signaling pathway. MCLZ is anticipated as a potential protective candidate for the addition to the treatment protocol of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 ELBohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 ELBohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Wang R, Li T, Diao S, Chen C. Inhibition of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes functional recovery on a rodent model of preterm hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114564. [PMID: 37806512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in preterm infants and is associated with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) was discovered as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) receptor that played roles in inhibiting myelin regeneration in spinal injury, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and stroke models. However, the role of PTPσ in perinatal WMI is not well understood. AIMS This study examines the effect of PTPσ inhibition on neurodevelopmental outcomes, myelination, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of preterm WMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified Rice-Vannucci model was performed on postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice. Intracellular Sigma Peptide (ISP) or vehicle was administrated subcutaneously one hour after injury for an additional 14 consecutive days. A battery of behavioral tests was performed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of ISP on neurobehavioral deficit. Real time qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess white matter development. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype. RESULTS The expression of PTPσ was increased after preterm WMI. ISP improved short-term neurological outcomes and ameliorated long-term motor and cognitive function of mice after preterm WMI. ISP promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation, maturation, myelination, and improved microstructure of myelin after preterm WMI. Furthermore, ISP administration fostered a beneficial inflammatory response in the acute phase after preterm WMI, inhibited the infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages. CONCLUSION PTPσ inhibition can ameliorate neurofunctional deficit, promote white matter development, modulate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype after preterm WMI. Thus, ISP administration may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of perinatal WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Sihao Diao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China.
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16
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Lusardi M, Wehrle-Haller B, Sidibe A, Ponassi M, Iervasi E, Rosano C, Brullo C, Spallarossa A. Novel 5-aminopyrazoles endowed with anti-angiogenetic properties: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115727. [PMID: 37597434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The promising anti-angiogenetic properties of previously synthesized pyrazolyl ureas provided the rationale for the synthesis of novel 5-aminopyrazoles 2-5, differently decorated on the pyrazole nucleus. All the derivatives were tested by MTT assays and proved to be non-cytotoxic against eight different tumor cell lines and normal fibroblasts. An EdU proliferation assay was carried out on human foreskin fibroblasts and VEGF stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells which confirmed the absence of cytotoxicity of the compounds on human cells up to 20 μM concentration. To evaluate the influence of the newly synthesized pyrazoles on MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt was analyzed by Western blots from HFF and HUVEC cell lysates stimulated with growth factors in the presence or absence of the compounds. Pyrazoles 3b and 3c showed a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in both tested cell lines with lower phosphorylation levels than the reference compound GeGe-3 in HUVEC. Furthermore, derivatives 2 and 3 appeared to strongly affect the migration of HFF cells in a wound healing assay, confirming their potential ability to interfere with the angiogenesis process. The new pyrazole library extends the structure-activity relationships of the previously isolated compounds and highlights the attractiveness of this chemical class for pathological cell migration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adama Sidibe
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
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17
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Zhu YL, Deng L, Dai XY, Song JQ, Zhu Y, Liu T, Kong XQ, Zhang LJ, Liao HB. Tinopanoids K-T, clerodane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Tinospora crispa. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106812. [PMID: 37651894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 17 structurally diverse clerodane diterpenoids, including ten undescribed clerodane diterpenoids (tinopanoids K-T, 1-10) and seven known compounds (11-17), were isolated from the vines and leaves of Tinospora crispa. Compound 3 has not only bear the dominant substituents of γ-hydroxy-α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone with anti-inflammatory activity, but also a ternary epoxy structure at C-3/C-4. The planar structures and relative configurations of the clerodane diterpenoids were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 4, 8 and 13 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic, while that of compound 3 was determined using computed ECD data and single crystal X-ray diffraction of related p-bromobenzoate ester (3a). Subsequently, all compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production of LPS-activated BV-2 cells, and compounds 3 and 8 exhibited better NO inhibitory potency, with IC50 values of 5.6 and 13.8 μM than the positive control minocycline (Mino, IC50 = 22.9 μM). The corresponding results of western blot analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that compound 3 can significantly inhibit the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokins of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The underlying mechanism by which compound 3 exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects was investigated by western blot and immunofluorescence assay, which suggested compound 3 inhibited LPS induced neuroinflammation via the suppression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and the activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jia-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Kong
- GuangZhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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18
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Feng X, Li M, Lin Z, Lu Y, Zhuang Y, Lei J, Liu X, Zhao H. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes axonal remodeling and modulates microglial polarization via JAK2-STAT1/3 and GSK3-NFκB pathways in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105607. [PMID: 37657766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in demyelination that underlies neurological disfunction. Promoting oligodendrogenesis will rescue the injured axons and accelerate remyelination after stroke. Microglia react to ischemia/hypoxia and polarize to M1/M2 phenotypes influencing myelin injury and repair. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has neuroprotective effects in treating cerebrovascular disorders. This study aims to evaluate whether TMP promotes the renovation of damaged brain tissues especially on remyelination and modulates microglia phenotypes following ischemic stroke. Here magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histopathological evaluation are performed to characterize the process of demyelination and remyelination. Immunofluorescence staining is used to prove oligodendrogenesis and microglial polarization. Western blotting is conducted to examine interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK) 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3-nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB) signals. Results show TMP alleviates the injury of axons and myelin sheath, increases NG2+, Ki67+/NG2+, CNPase+, Ki67+/CNPase+, Iba1+/Arg-1+ cells and decreases Iba1+ and Iba1+/CD16+ cells in periinfarctions of rats. Particularly, TMP downregulates IL-6 and upregulates IL-10 and TGF-β expressions, besides, enhances JAK2-STAT3 and suppresses STAT1-GSK3-NFκB activation in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats. Then we demonstrate that TMP reverses M1/M2 phenotype via JAK2-STAT1/3 and GSK3-NFκB pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Blocking JAK2 with AG490 counteracts TMP's facilitation on M2 polarization of microglia. This study warrants the promising therapy for stroke with TMP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mingcong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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19
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Seady M, Fróes FT, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Curcumin modulates astrocyte function under basal and inflammatory conditions. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148519. [PMID: 37562565 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule with well-known anti-inflammatory effects. This molecule has attracted attention due to its capacity to pass the blood-brain-barrier and modulate central nervous system (CNS) cells, such as astrocytes. Astrocytes are the most numerous CNS cells, and play a pivotal role in inflammatory damage, a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. Although the actions of curcumin have been studied extensively in peripheral cells, few studies have investigated the effect of curcumin on astrocytes under basal and inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of curcumin on astrocytic function (glutamatergic metabolism, GFAP and S100B), and investigate a possible synergic effect with another molecule, piperine. For this purpose, we used primary cultured astrocytes; our results showed that curcumin increases GSH and GFAP content, but decreases S100B secretion under basal conditions. Under inflammatory conditions, provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), curcumin and piperine reversed the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, and piperine reverted the LPS-induced upregulation of GFAP content. Interestingly, curcumin decreases S100B secretion even more than LPS. These results highlight important context-dependent effects of curcumin and piperine on astrocytes. Although we did not observe synergic effects of co-treatment with curcumin and piperine, their effects were complementary, as piperine modulated GFAP content under inflammatory conditions, and curcumin modulated S100B secretion. Both curcumin and piperine had important anti-inflammatory actions in astrocytes. We herein provide new insights into the actions of curcumin in the CNS that may aid in the search for new molecular targets and possible treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Seady
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Telles Fróes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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20
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Arabi TZ, Alabdulqader AA, Sabbah BN, Ouban A. Brain-inhabiting bacteria and neurodegenerative diseases: the "brain microbiome" theory. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1240945. [PMID: 37927338 PMCID: PMC10620799 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1240945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversies surrounding the validity of the toxic proteinopathy theory of Alzheimer's disease have led the scientific community to seek alternative theories in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Recent studies have provided evidence of a microbiome in the central nervous system. Some have hypothesized that brain-inhabiting organisms induce chronic neuroinflammation, leading to the development of a spectrum of NDs. Bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cutibacterium acnes have been found to inhabit the brains of ND patients. Furthermore, several fungi, including Candida and Malassezia species, have been identified in the central nervous system of these patients. However, there remains several limitations to the brain microbiome hypothesis. Varying results across the literature, concerns regarding sample contamination, and the presence of exogenous deoxyribonucleic acids have led to doubts about the hypothesis. These results provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of NDs. Herein, we provide a review of the evidence for and against the brain microbiome theory and describe the difficulties facing the hypothesis. Additionally, we define possible mechanisms of bacterial invasion of the brain and organism-related neurodegeneration in NDs and the potential therapeutic premises of this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Hong QL, Ding YH, Chen JY, Shi SS, Liang RS, Tu XK. Schisandrin B Protects against Ischemic Brain Damage by Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:885-894. [PMID: 37357242 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS The cerebral ischemia models were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups using a random number table, including sham, MCAO, MCAO+Sch B (50 mg/kg), MCAO+Sch B (100 mg/kg), MCAO+Sch B (100 mg/kg)+LY294002, and MCAO+Sch B (100 mg/kg)+wortmannin groups. The effects of Sch B on pathological indicators, including neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume, and brain edema, were subsequently studied. Tissue apoptosis was identified by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. The protein expressions involved in apoptosis, inflammation response and oxidative stress were examined by immunofluorescent staining, biochemical analysis and Western blot analysis, respectively. The effect of Sch B on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling was also explored. RESULTS Sch B treatment decreased neurological deficit scores, cerebral water content, and infarct volume in MCAO rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Neuronal nuclei and TUNEL staining indicated that Sch B also reduced apoptosis in brain tissues, as well as the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression (P<0.01). Sch B regulated the production of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase, as well as the release of cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-18, in MCAO rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Sch B promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with LY294002 or wortmannin reduced the protective effect of Sch B against cerebral ischemia (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sch B reduced apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress of MCAO rats by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Sch B had a potential for treating cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Long Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yi-Hang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Song-Sheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xian-Kun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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22
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Quan W, Xu CS, Li XC, Yang C, Lan T, Wang MY, Yu DH, Tang F, Wang ZF, Li ZQ. Telmisartan inhibits microglia-induced neurotoxic A1 astrocyte conversion via PPARγ-mediated NF-κB/p65 degradation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110761. [PMID: 37544025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are crucially involved in neuroinflammation. Activated astrocytes exhibit at least two phenotypes, A1 (neurotoxic) and A2 (neuroprotective). The A1 phenotype is the major reactive astrocyte phenotype involved in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Telmisartan, which is an antihypertensive agent, is a promising neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of telmisartan on the phenotype of reactive astrocytes. Astrocytes were activated by culturing with the conditioned medium derived from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia. This conditioned medium induced early, transient A2 astrocyte conversion (within 24 h) and late, sustained A1 conversion (beginning at 24 h and lasting up to 7 days), with a concomitant increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α, and IL-6) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65. Telmisartan treatment promoted and inhibited A2 and A1 conversion, respectively. Telmisartan reduced total and phosphorylated p65 protein levels. Losartan, a specific angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, did not influence the reactive state of astrocytes. Additionally, AT1R activation by angiotensin II did not induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and A1/A2 markers, indicating that the AT1R signaling pathway is not involved in the astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist reversed the effects of telmisartan. Moreover, telmisartan-induced p65 downregulation was reversed by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. These results indicate that telmisartan suppresses activated microglia-induced neurotoxic A1 astrocyte conversion through p65 degradation. Our findings contribute towards the elucidation of the anti-inflammatory activity of telmisartan in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Brain Glioma Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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23
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Yadav H, Jaldhi, Bhardwaj R, Anamika, Bakshi A, Gupta S, Maurya SK. Unveiling the role of gut-brain axis in regulating neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 330:122022. [PMID: 37579835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain provide insight into importance of this communication in maintenance of brain homeostasis. It has also been observed that disturbed gut microbiota contributes to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aging. Recently, gut microbiome-derived exosomes have also been reported to play an essential role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and could thereby act as a therapeutic target. Further, pharmacological interventions including antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics can influence gut microbiome-mediated management of neurological diseases. However, extensive research is warranted to better comprehend this interconnection in maintenance of brain homeostasis and its implication in neurological diseases. Thus, the present review is aimed to provide a detailed understanding of gut-brain axis followed by possibilities to target the gut microbiome for improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaldhi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rati Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technical University, Delhi, India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Tech Cell Innovations Private Limited, Centre for Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CMIE), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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24
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Ashby FJ, Castillo EJ, Ludwig Y, Andraka NK, Chen C, Jamieson JC, Kabbej N, Sommerville JD, Aguirre JI, Heldermon CD. Femoral Structure and Biomechanical Characteristics in Sanfilippo Syndrome Type-B Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13988. [PMID: 37762291 PMCID: PMC10530914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome Type-B, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB), accounts for approximately one-third of all Sanfilippo syndrome patients and is characterized by a similar natural history as Type-A. Patients suffer from developmental regression, bone malformation, organomegaly, GI distress, and profound neurological deficits. Despite human trials of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (SBC-103, AX250) in MPS IIIB, there is currently no FDA approved treatment and a few palliative options. The major concerns of ERT and gene therapy for the treatment of bone malformation are the inadequate biodistribution of the missing enzyme, N-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase (NAGLU), and that the skeleton is a poorly hit target tissue in ERT and gene therapy. Each of the four known human types of MPS III (A, B, C, and D) is usually regarded as having mild bone manifestations, yet it remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to determine bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties in femurs MPS IIIB C57BL/6 mice compared to phenotypic control C57BL/6 mice. Significant differences were observed in MPS IIIB mice within various cortical and cancellous bone parameters for both males and females (p < 0.05). Here, we establish some osteogenic manifestations of MPS IIIB within the mouse model by radiographic and biomechanical tests, which are also differentially affected by age and sex. This suggests that some skeletal features of the MPS IIIB mouse model may be used as biomarkers of peripheral disease correction for preclinical treatment of MPS IIIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick James Ashby
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Evelyn J. Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (E.J.C.); (J.I.A.)
| | - Yan Ludwig
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Natalia K. Andraka
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Julia C. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Nadia Kabbej
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - John D. Sommerville
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Jose I. Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (E.J.C.); (J.I.A.)
| | - Coy D. Heldermon
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Y.L.); (N.K.A.); (J.C.J.); (N.K.); (J.D.S.); (C.D.H.)
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25
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Su WS, Wu CH, Song WS, Chen SF, Yang FY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates glia-mediated inflammation and neuronal damage in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage conditions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:565. [PMID: 37620888 PMCID: PMC10464049 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, and glia-mediated inflammation is a major contributor to neurological deficits. However, there is currently no proven effective treatment for clinical ICH. Recently, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a non-invasive method, has shown potential for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of LIPUS on glia-mediated inflammation in ICH. METHODS This study used 289 mice to investigate the effects of LIPUS on ICH. ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase (type VII-S; 0.0375 U) into the striatum of the mice. LIPUS was applied noninvasively for 3 days, including a 2-h-delayed intervention to mimic clinical usage. The study evaluated neurological function, histology, brain water content, hemoglobin content, MRI, and protein expression of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory molecules, and apoptosis. In vitro studies investigated glia-mediated inflammation by adding thrombin (10 U/mL) or conditioned media to primary and cell line cultures. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to confirm the effects of PI3K/Akt signaling after LIPUS treatment. RESULTS LIPUS treatment improved neurological deficits and reduced tissue loss, edema, and neurodegeneration after ICH. The protective effects of LIPUS resulted from decreased glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling, which reduced cytokine expression and attenuated microglial activation-induced neuronal damage in vitro. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS treatment improved neurological outcomes and reduced glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling after ICH. LIPUS may provide a non-invasive potential management strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Song
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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26
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Lee HJ, Hwang JW, Park JH, Jeong YJ, Jang JY, Hoe HS. Profiling tyrosine kinase inhibitors as AD therapeutics in a mouse model of AD. Mol Brain 2023; 16:63. [PMID: 37580778 PMCID: PMC10426186 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ deposition, tauopathy, neuroinflammation, and impaired cognition. The recent identification of associations between protein kinases and AD pathology has spurred interest in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as potential strategic therapeutic agents for AD. In the present study, we investigated whether the TKIs ibrutinib, PD180970, and cabozantinib, which have different on-targets, selectively regulate AD pathology in 3.5- to 4-month-old 5xFAD mice (a model of the early phase of AD). Ibrutinib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) effectively reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque number, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice. Surprisingly, PD180970 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter Aβ plaque number or neuroinflammatory responses and exacerbated tau hyperphosphorylation in 5xFAD mice. Cabozantinib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on amyloidopathy but partially relieved tau hyperphosphorylation and astrogliosis. Taken together, our results suggest that not all TKIs have therapeutic effects on AD pathology in a mouse model of AD. Consequently, optimization of drug dosage, injection periods and administration routes should be considered when repurposing TKIs as novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Jang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yu Q, Liu M, Zhao T, Su M, Wang S, Xu W, He S, Li K, Mu X, Wu J, Sun P, Zheng F, Weng N. Mechanism of baixiangdan capsules on anti-neuroinflammation: combining dry and wet experiments. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7689-7708. [PMID: 37556347 PMCID: PMC10457058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and despite intensive research, treatment of neuroinflammation remains limited. BaiXiangDan capsule (BXD) is widely used in clinical practice. However, systematic studies on the direct role and mechanisms of BXD in neuroinflammation are still lacking. We systematically evaluated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of BXD on neuroinflammation using network pharmacological analysis combined with experimental validation. Multiple databases are used to mine potential targets for bioactive ingredients, drug targets and neuroinflammation. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was also performed. Interactions between active ingredients and pivotal targets were confirmed by molecular docking. An experimental model of neuroinflammation was used to evaluate possible therapeutic mechanisms for BXD. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Chrysoeriol, Kaempferol and Luteolin in BXD exerted their anti-neuroinflammatory effects mainly by acting on targets such as NCOA2, PIK3CA and PTGS2. Molecular docking results showed that their average affinity was less than -5 kcal/mol, with an average affinity of -8.286 kcal/mol. Pathways in cancer was found to be a potentially important pathway, with involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that BXD treatment ameliorated neural damage and reduced neuronal cell death. Western blotting, RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis showed that BXD inhibited not only the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO, but also NF-κB, MMP9 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study applied network pharmacology and in vivo experiments to explore the possible mechanisms of BXD against neuroinflammation, providing insight into the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Molin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Mengyue Su
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, Shenzhen Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shuhua He
- Department of Psychiatry, Boai Hospitai of Zhongshan, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Kejie Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiangyu Mu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Ning Weng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
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28
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Liu XJ, Pang H, Long YQ, Wang JQ, Niu Y, Zhang RG. Pro-inflammatory action of formoterol in human bronchial epithelia. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:95-102. [PMID: 37413911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide usage of β2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma treatment, they do have side effects such as aggravating inflammation. We previously reported that isoprenaline induced Cl- secretion and IL-6 release via cAMP-dependent pathways in human bronchial epithelia, but the mechanisms underlying the inflammation-aggravation effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists remain pooly understood. In this study, we investigated formoterol, a more specific β2-adrenoceptor agonist, -mediated signaling pathways involved in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelia. The effects of formoterol were detected in the presence of PKA, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and Src inhibitors. The involvement of β-arrestin2 was determined using siRNA knockdown. Our results indicate that formoterol can induce IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in concentration-dependent manner. The PKA-specific inhibitor, H89, partially inhibited IL-6 release, but not IL-8. Another intracellular cAMP receptor, EPAC, was not involved in either IL-6 or IL-8 release. PD98059 and U0126, two ERK1/2 inhibitors, blocked IL-8 while attenuated IL-6 secretion induced by formoterol. Furthermore, formoterol-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release was attenuated by Src inhibitors, namely dasatinib and PP1, and CFTRinh172, a CFTR inhibitor. In addition, knockdown of β-arrestin2 by siRNA only suppressed IL-8 release when a high concentration of formoterol (1 μM) was used. Taken together, our results suggest that formoterol stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 release which involves PKA/Src/ERK1/2 and/or β-arrestin2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Pang
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Qian Long
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Qing Wang
- First Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ya Niu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui-Gang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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29
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Choi I, Wang M, Yoo S, Xu P, Seegobin SP, Li X, Han X, Wang Q, Peng J, Zhang B, Yue Z. Autophagy enables microglia to engage amyloid plaques and prevents microglial senescence. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:963-974. [PMID: 37231161 PMCID: PMC10950302 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous evidence suggested disruptions of multiple stages of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in affected neurons. However, whether and how deregulated autophagy in microglia, a cell type with an important link to AD, contributes to AD progression remains elusive. Here we report that autophagy is activated in microglia, particularly of disease-associated microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in AD mouse models. Inhibition of microglial autophagy causes disengagement of microglia from amyloid plaques, suppression of disease-associated microglia, and aggravation of neuropathology in AD mice. Mechanistically, autophagy deficiency promotes senescence-associated microglia as evidenced by reduced proliferation, increased Cdkn1a/p21Cip1, dystrophic morphologies and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Pharmacological treatment removes autophagy-deficient senescent microglia and alleviates neuropathology in AD mice. Our study demonstrates the protective role of microglial autophagy in regulating the homeostasis of amyloid plaques and preventing senescence; removal of senescent microglia is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insup Choi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peng Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Seegobin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianting Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xian Han
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Park J, Lee C, Kim YT. Effects of Natural Product-Derived Compounds on Inflammatory Pain via Regulation of Microglial Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:941. [PMID: 37513853 PMCID: PMC10386117 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is a type of pain caused by tissue damage associated with inflammation and is characterized by hypersensitivity to pain and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Neuroinflammation is significantly increased by various neurotransmitters and cytokines that are expressed in activated primary afferent neurons, and it plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory pain. The activation of microglia and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are the hallmark features of neuroinflammation. During the development of neuroinflammation, various intracellular signaling pathways are activated or inhibited in microglia, leading to the regulation of inflammatory proteins and cytokines. Numerous attempts have been conducted to alleviate inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation. Natural products and their compounds have gained attention as potential candidates for suppressing inflammatory pain due to verified safety through centuries of use. Many studies have also shown that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to suppress microglial activation and alleviate inflammatory pain. Herein, we review the literature on inflammatory mediators and intracellular signaling involved in microglial activation in inflammatory pain, as well as natural product-derived compounds that have been found to suppress microglial activation. This review suggests that natural product-derived compounds have the potential to alleviate inflammatory pain through the suppression of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Hwang JW, Lee HJ, Jang GM, Jeong YJ, Cho J, Seo J, Hoe HS. Lomerizine inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating NLRP3, DYRK1A, and GSK3α/β. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150940. [PMID: 37435081 PMCID: PMC10331167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lomerizine is a calcium channel blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used clinically in the treatment of migraines. However, whether lomerizine is beneficial in modulating neuroinflammatory responses has not been tested yet. Methods To assess the potential of lomerizine for repurposing as a treatment for neuroinflammation, we investigated the effects of lomerizine on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells, Alzheimer's disease (AD) excitatory neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and in LPS-treated wild type mice. Results In BV2 microglial cells, lomerizine pretreatment significantly reduced LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 mRNA levels. Similarly, lomerizine pretreatment significantly suppressed the increases in Iba-1, GFAP, proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 expression induced by LPS in wild-type mice. In addition, lomerizine posttreatment significantly decreased LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine and SOD2 mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells and/or wild-type mice. In LPS-treated wild-type mice and AD excitatory neurons differentiated from iPSCs, lomerizine pretreatment ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Finally, lomerizine abolished the LPS-mediated activation of GSK3α/β and upregulation of DYRK1A, which is responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation, in wild-type mice. Discussion These data suggest that lomerizine attenuates LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and tau hyperphosphorylation and is a potential drug for neuroinflammation- or tauopathy-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Mi Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Ying W. Methylene blue reduces the serum levels of interleukin-6 and inhibits STAT3 activation in the brain and the skin of lipopolysaccharide-administered mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181932. [PMID: 37325623 PMCID: PMC10266349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is valuable to search for novel and economical agents for inhibiting STAT3 activation and blocking increases in IL-6 levels, due to the important roles of STAT3 and IL-6 in inflammation. Since Methylene Blue (MB) has shown therapeutical potential for multiple diseases, it has become increasingly important to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation. Using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation, obtaining the following findings: First, MB administration attenuated the LPS-induced increases in the serum levels of IL-6; second, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the brain; and third, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the skin. Collectively, our study has suggested that MB administration can decrease the levels of IL-6 and STAT3 activation - two important factors in inflammation. Since MB is a clinically used and relatively economical drug, our findings have suggested therapeutic potential of MB for multiple inflammation-associated diseases due to its effects on STAT3 activation and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li L, Mou Y, Zhai Q, Yan C, Zhang X, Du M, Li Y, Wang Q, Xiao Z. PirB negatively regulates the inflammatory activation of astrocytes in a mouse model of sleep deprivation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109571. [PMID: 37146940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes play a potential regulatory role in sleep deprivation (SD). Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) is expressed in reactive astrocytes, suggesting that PirB may participate in regulating the inflammatory response of astrocytes. We used lentiviral and adeno-associated viral approaches to interfere with the expression of PirB in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were sleep deprived for 7 days and neurological function was measured via behavioral tests. We found that overexpressed PirB in SD mice could decrease the number of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, alleviate cognitive deficits, and promote reactive astrocytes tended to be neuroprotective state. IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q were used to induce neurotoxic reactive astrocytes in vitro. Overexpression of PirB relieved the toxicity of neurotoxic astrocytes. Silencing PirB expression had the opposite effect and exacerbated the transition of reactive astrocytes to a neurotoxic state in vitro. Moreover, PirB-impaired astrocytes demonstrated STAT3 hyperphosphorylation which could be reversed by stattic (p-STAT3 inhibitor). Furthermore, Golgi-Cox staining confirmed that dendrite morphology defects and synapse-related protein were significantly increased in PirB-overexpressed SD mice. Our data demonstrated that SD induced neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and contributed to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. PirB performs a negative regulatory role in neurotoxic reactive astrocytes via the STAT3 signaling pathway in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Mou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Liu YL, Huang HJ, Sheu SY, Liu YC, Lee IJ, Chiang SC, Lin AMY. Oral ellagic acid attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in rat brain: MEK1 interaction and M2 microglial polarization. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:656-664. [PMID: 37340785 PMCID: PMC10350794 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid, the marker component of peels of Punica granatum L., is known traditionally to treat traumatic hemorrhage. In this study, the cellular mechanism underlying ellagic acid-induced anti-inflammation was investigated using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as a neuroinflammation inducer. Our in vitro data showed that LPS (1 μg/mL) consistently phosphorylated ERK and induced neuroinflammation, such as elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide production in treated BV-2 cells. Incubation of ellagic acid significantly inhibited LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and subsequent neuroinflammation in treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, our in vivo study of neuroinflammation employed an intranigral infusion of LPS that resulted in a time-dependent elevation in phosphorylated ERK levels in the infused substantia nigra (SN). Oral administration of ellagic acid (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation. A four-day treatment of ellagic acid did not alter LPS-induced ED-1 elevation but ameliorated LPS-induced reduction in CD206 and arginase-1 (two biomarkers of M2 microglia). A seven-day treatment of ellagic acid abolished LPS-induced increases in heme-oxygenase-1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, and α-synuclein trimer levels (a pathological hallmark) in the infused SN. At the same time, ellagic acid attenuated LPS-induced increases in active caspase 3 and receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 levels (respective biomarkers of apoptosis and necroptosis) as well as reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the infused SN. In silico analysis showed that ellagic acid binds to the catalytic site of MEK1. Our data suggest that ellagic acid is capable of inhibiting MEK1-ERK signaling and then attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and programmed cell deaths. Moreover, M2 microglial polarization is suggested as a novel antineuroinflammatory mechanism in the ellagic acid-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - Hui-Ju Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112
| | - Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Pharmaceutical Botany Research Laboratory, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Shao-Chin Chiang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anya Maan-Yuh Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112
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Lee HJ, Hoe HS. Inhibition of CDK4/6 regulates AD pathology, neuroinflammation and cognitive function through DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106725. [PMID: 36907286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Repurposing approved drugs is an emerging therapeutic development strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib mesylate is an FDA-approved drug for breast cancer treatment. However, whether abemaciclib mesylate affects Aβ/tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and Aβ/LPS-mediated cognitive impairment is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of abemaciclib mesylate on cognitive function and Aβ/tau pathology and found that abemaciclib mesylate improved spatial and recognition memory by regulating the dendritic spine number and neuroinflammatory responses in 5xFAD mice, an Aβ-overexpressing model of AD. Abemaciclib mesylate also inhibited Aβ accumulation by enhancing the activity and protein levels of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin and the α-secretase ADAM17 and decreasing the protein level of the γ-secretase PS-1 in young and aged 5xFAD mice. Importantly, abemaciclib mesylate suppressed tau phosphorylation in 5xFAD mice and tau-overexpressing PS19 mice by reducing DYRK1A and/or p-GSK3β levels. In wild-type (WT) mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), abemaciclib mesylate rescued spatial and recognition memory and restored dendritic spine number. In addition, abemaciclib mesylate downregulated LPS-induced microglial/astrocytic activation and proinflammatory cytokine levels in WT mice. In BV2 microglial cells and primary astrocytes, abemaciclib mesylate suppressed LPS-mediated proinflammatory cytokine levels by downregulating AKT/STAT3 signaling. Taken together, our results support repurposing the anticancer drug, CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib mesylate as a multitarget therapeutic for AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Daegu, the Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 42988, the Republic of Korea.
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36
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Azzam SM, Abdel Rahman AAS, Ahmed-Farid OA, Abu El-Wafa WM, Salem GEM. Lipopolysaccharide induced neuroprotective effects of bacterial protease against Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar albino rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123260. [PMID: 36642360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly severe neurodegenerative condition that affects the hippocampus and is characterized by memory loss and dementia. This investigation aims to determine the potential of a bacterial protease enzyme produced by a new mutant strain of bacteria (Bacillus cereus S6-3/UM90) to influence the rat behavioural, biochemical, histological, and immuno-histochemical functions induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) experimentally. The administration of LPS exhibited a decline in memory performance via Morris' Water Maze test along with an elevation of IL-6, IL-17, amino acid neurotransmitters, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and 8-OHdG, whereas a decrease in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), monoamine transmitters, AChE (acetylcholinesterase) and PC (phosphatidylcholine). Additionally, there was a notable increase in GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and p-Tau protein immuno-expression levels along with obvious histological lesions in the hippocampal CA3 region. Moreover, the administration of protease or Donepezil restored the measured parameters to nearly normal levels and improved the histological architecture of the hippocampus and ameliorated memory impairments. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the treatment with Bacterial protease can improve the memory and learning impairments of LPS-induced AD and may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to manage AD since it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amina A S Abdel Rahman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Asmaa Fahmy Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Animal Physiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Mohamed Abu El-Wafa
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt; Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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37
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Hui Y, Zhao H, Shi L, Zhang H. Traumatic Brain Injury-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurological Deficits are Improved by 8-Methoxypsoralen Through Modulating PPARγ/NF-κB Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:625-640. [PMID: 36319778 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and tissue-repairing abilities. Here, we probed the function and mechanism of 8-MOP in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The in-vivo TBI model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using controlled cortical impact (CCI) surgery. In parallel, BV2 microglia and HT22 neurons were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in-vitro model. The modified neurological score (mNSS) and the Morris water maze experiment were employed to evaluate the rats' neurological functions. The rats' brain edema was assessed by the dry and wet method, and neuronal apoptosis in damaged brain tissues was monitored by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Nissl's staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to verify Iba1-microglial activation in brain lesions of rats. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia and HT22 neurons in the injured lesion of TBI rats was examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of iNOS, COX2, TLR4, PPARγ, STAT3, and NF-κB in brain lesions, BV2 microglia and HT22 neurons were compared by Western blot. As a result, 8-MOP administration reduced inflammation and LPS-induced neuronal damage in BV2 microglia. In vivo, 8-MOP treatment relieved neurological deficits in TBI rats, improved cognitive, learning and motor functions and mitigated brain edema and neuroinflammation induced by TBI. Furthermore, LPS or TBI activated the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and repressed the PPARγ expression. However, 8-MOP treatment attenuated NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation and elevated PPARγ levels. Hence, 8-MOP exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in TBI rats by modulating the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuo Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Ward 7, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dongchang Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
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Yang G, Shi J. miRNA-130a-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote neural injury under the high glucose condition. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:2117-2129. [PMID: 36582210 PMCID: PMC9768207 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common complication of diabetes, diabetic pain neuropathy (DPN) is caused by neuron intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neuron intrinsic factors include neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, while extrinsic factors are associated with glial activation. The present study was performed to reveal the functions of miR-130a-3p in apoptosis and oxidative stress of the high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary neurons as well as in the activation of microglial and astrocytes. Primary neurons, microglial, and astrocytes were isolated from newborn mice. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis and western blotting. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were assessed to determine the oxidative stress. Markers of glial cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that miR-130a-3p deficiency alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress of HG-stimulated neurons as well as suppressed microglial and astrocyte activation. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) was found as a target downstream of miR-130a-3p. S1PR1 knockdown partially rescued the inhibitory effects of silenced miR-130a-3p on neuronal injury and glial activation. In conclusion, miR-130a-3p targets S1PR1 to activate the microglial and astrocytes and to promote apoptosis and oxidative stress of the HG-stimulated primary neurons. These findings may provide a novel insight into DPN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pain, Funing County People’s Hospital, Funing County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224400, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Pain, Funing County People’s Hospital, No 111 Fucheng Street, Funing County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224400, China
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Park J, Jang KM, Park KK. Effects of Apamin on MPP +-Induced Calcium Overload and Neurotoxicity by Targeting CaMKII/ERK/p65/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315255. [PMID: 36499581 PMCID: PMC9736188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is associated with several factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ca2+ signaling plays a vital role in neuronal signaling and altered Ca2+ homeostasis has been implicated in many neuronal diseases including PD. Recently, we reported that apamin (APM), a selective antagonist of the small-conductivity Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel, suppresses neuroinflammatory response. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the vulnerability of DA neurons were not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether APM affected 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+)-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and rat embryo primary mesencephalic neurons. We found that APM decreased Ca2+ overload arising from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity response through downregulating the level of CaMKII, phosphorylation of ERK, and translocation of nuclear factor NFκB/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Furthermore, we showed that the correlation of MPP+-mediated Ca2+ overload and ERK/NFκB/STAT3 in the neurotoxicity responses, and dopaminergic neuronal cells loss, was verified through inhibitors. Our findings showed that APM might prevent loss of DA neurons via inhibition of Ca2+-overload-mediated signaling pathway and provide insights regarding the potential use of APM in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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Temporal Pattern of Neuroinflammation Associated with a Low Glycemic Index Diet in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7303-7322. [PMID: 36175825 PMCID: PMC9616770 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with brain amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation and neuroinflammation. Currants, a low glycemic index dried fruit, and their components display pleiotropic neuroprotective effects in AD. We examined how diet containing 5% Corinthian currant paste (CurD) administered in 1-month-old 5xFAD mice for 1, 3, and 6 months affects Aβ levels and neuroinflammation in comparison to control diet (ConD) or sugar-matched diet containing 3.5% glucose/fructose (GFD). No change in serum glucose or insulin levels was observed among the three groups. CurD administered for 3 months reduced brain Aβ42 levels in male mice as compared to ConD and GFD, but after 6 months, Aβ42 levels were increased in mice both on CurD and GFD compared to ConD. CurD for 3 months also reduced TNFα and IL-1β levels in male and female mouse cortex homogenates compared to ConD and GFD. However, after 6 months, TNFα levels were increased in cortex homogenates of mice both on CurD and GFD as compared to ConD. A similar pattern was observed for TNFα-expressing cells, mostly co-expressing the microglial marker CD11b, in mouse hippocampus. IL-1β levels were similarly increased in the brain of all groups after 6 months. Furthermore, a time dependent decrease of secreted TNFα levels was found in BV2 microglial cells treated with currant phenolic extract as compared to glucose/fructose solution. Overall, our findings suggest that a short-term currant consumption reduces neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice as compared to sugar-matched or control diet, but longer-term intake of currant or sugar-matched diet enhances neuroinflammation.
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Wang L, Geng G, Zhu T, Chen W, Li X, Gu J, Jiang E. Progress in Research on TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response Mechanisms in Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233781. [PMID: 36497041 PMCID: PMC9740134 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the common clinical neurological emergencies. Its incidence accounts for about 5-9% of cerebral stroke patients. Even surviving patients often suffer from severe adverse prognoses such as hemiplegia, aphasia, cognitive dysfunction and even death. Inflammatory response plays an important role during early nerve injury in SAH. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pattern recognition receptors, are important components of the body's innate immune system, and they are usually activated by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. Studies have shown that with TLR 4 as an essential member of the TLRs family, the inflammatory transduction pathway mediated by it plays a vital role in brain injury after SAH. After SAH occurrence, large amounts of blood enter the subarachnoid space. This can produce massive damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that bind to TLR4, which activates inflammatory response and causes early brain injury, thus resulting in serious adverse prognoses. In this paper, the process in research on TLR4-mediated inflammatory response mechanism in brain injury after SAH was reviewed to provide a new thought for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Guangping Geng
- Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Wenwu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence:
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Liang Y, Wang L. Carthamus tinctorius L.: A natural neuroprotective source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115656. [PMID: 36041691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multicausal neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by generalized dementia. The pathogenic process of AD not only is progressive and complex but also involves multiple factors and mechanisms, including β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. As the first-line treatment for AD, cholinesterase inhibitors can, to a certain extent, relieve AD symptoms and delay AD progression. Nonetheless, the current treatment strategies for AD are far from meeting clinical expectations, and more options for AD treatment should be applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review was to investigate published reports of C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through a literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was retrieved from scientific databases including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts Services and books, PubMed, dissertations and technical reports. Keywords used for the search engines were "Honghua" or "Carthamus tinctorius L." or "safflower" in conjunction with "(native weeds OR alien invasive)"AND "Chinese herbal medicine". RESULTS A total of 47 literatures about C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through signaling pathways, immune cells, and disease-related mediators and systematically elucidates potential mechanisms from the point of anti-Aβ aggregation, suppressing tau protein hyperphosphorylation, increasing cholinergic neurotransmitters levels, inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-neuroinflammation, ameliorating synaptic plasticity, and anti-apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a treasure endowed by nature to mankind. Emerging studies have confirmed that CHM and its active constituents play a positive role in AD treatment. Carthamus tinctorius L., the most commonly used CHM, can be used with medicine and food, with the effect of activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis. In the paper, we have concluded that the existing therapeutic mechanisms of C. tinctorius L. and summarized the potential mechanisms of C. tinctorius L. and its active constituents in AD treatment through a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Kim J, Jeon SG, Jeong HR, Park H, Kim JI, Hoe HS. L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Inhibition Rescues the LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Impairments in Spatial Memory and Dendritic Spine Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13606. [PMID: 36362394 PMCID: PMC9655622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is implicated in the transition between microglial surveillance and activation. Several L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activity. In this study, we examined the effects of the L-type CCB felodipine on LPS-mediated proinflammatory responses. We found that felodipine treatment significantly diminished LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells in an L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent manner. In addition, felodipine leads to the inhibition of TLR4/AKT/STAT3 signaling in BV2 microglial cells. We further examined the effects of felodipine on LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in vivo and found that daily administration (3 or 7 days, i.p.) significantly reduced LPS-mediated gliosis and COX-2 and IL-1β levels in C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. Moreover, felodipine administration significantly reduced chronic neuroinflammation-induced spatial memory impairment, dendritic spine number, and microgliosis in C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the L-type CCB felodipine could be repurposed for the treatment of neuroinflammation/cognitive function-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - HyunHee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
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Zhao B, Fu J, Ni H, Xu L, Xu C, He Q, Ni C, Wang Y, Kuang J, Tang M, Shou Q, Yao M. Catalpol ameliorates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010483. [PMID: 36353492 PMCID: PMC9637921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, inflammatory pain is an international health concern that severely diminishes individuals' quality of life. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside derived from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties for the treating multiple kinds of disorders. Nevertheless, catalpol's impacts on inflammatory pain and its potential methods of action are still unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the mechanism of catalpol to reduce the inflammatory pain behaviors in a rat model with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Catwalk, Von-Frey, and open field testing were performed for behavioral assessment. Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were employed to identify variations in molecular expression, while immunofluorescence was utilized to identify cellular localization. Catalpol effectively reduced CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia when injected intrathecally. Moreover, catalpol can regulate the HDAC4/PPAR-γ-signaling pathway in CFA rat spinal cord neurons. Meanwhile catalpol significantly decreased the expression of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory axis in the spinal cord of CFA rats. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro research revealed that catalpol treatment inhibited astrocyte activation and increase inflammatory factor expression. Interestingly, we also found that catalpol could alleviate peripheral pain by inhibiting tissue inflammation. Taken together, the findings declared that catalpol may inhibit inflammatory pain in CFA rats by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiao Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Mengjie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Kim J, Kim SJ, Jeong HR, Park JH, Moon M, Hoe HS. Inhibiting EGFR/HER-2 ameliorates neuroinflammatory responses and the early stage of tau pathology through DYRK1A. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903309. [PMID: 36341365 PMCID: PMC9632417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The FDA-approved EGFR/HER2 inhibitor varlitinib inhibits tumor growth and is used in cancer treatment. However, the neuroinflammatory response associated with EGFR/HER2 and its underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. This study evaluates the impact of varlitinib on LPS- and tau-mediated neuroinflammatory responses for the first time. In BV2 microglial cells, varlitinib reduced LPS-stimulated il-1β and/or inos mRNA levels and downstream AKT/FAK/NF-kB signaling. Importantly, varlitinib significantly diminished LPS-mediated microglial nlrp3 inflammasome activation in BV2 microglial cells. In primary astrocytes, varlitinib downregulated LPS-evoked astroglial il-1β mRNA levels, AKT signaling, and nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In LPS-treated wild-type mice, varlitinib significantly reduced LPS-stimulated glial activation and IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome formation. Moreover, varlitinib significantly reduced micro- and astroglial activation and tau hyperphosphorylation in 3-month-old tau-overexpressing PS19 mice by downregulating tau kinase DYRK1A levels. However, in 6-month-old tau-overexpressing PS19 mice, varlitinib only significantly diminished astroglial activation and tau phosphorylation at Thr212/Ser214. Taken together, our findings suggest that varlitinib has therapeutic potential for LPS- and tau-induced neuroinflammatory responses and the early stages of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyang-Sook Hoe, ; Minho Moon,
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyang-Sook Hoe, ; Minho Moon,
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Qu L, Jin J, Lou J, Qian C, Lin J, Xu A, Liu B, Zhang M, Tao H, Yu W. The nuclear transportation of PD-L1 and the function in tumor immunity and progression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2313-2323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Liu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Song D, Zhang C, Chen R, Xu R, Jiang W, Li L. Chrysophanol facilitates long-term neurological recovery through limiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109220. [PMID: 36095949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and affects brain recovery and neuroplasticity. Chrysophanol (CHR), has attracted attention for its protective effects through immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of CHR for brain recovery and neuroplasticity is not clear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of CHR in the chronic phase of stroke in mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to treatment with Vehicle or CHR immediately through intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 d after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). Neurological deficits were monitored up to 28 days after stroke. Nissl and Golgi stain, neural plasticity, and microglia-associated inflammatory cytokines were detected. Primary cortical neuron and BV2 microglia cell lines were employed to explore the underlying mechanism in vitro. RESULTS Compared with Vehicle group, CHR mitigated the histological damage, facilitated the neural plasticity and improved the neurological function up to 4 weeks after stroke. In vitro, CHR promoted the complexity of neurons and the spine density by modulating microglial polarization and reducing the expression of microglia-associated inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6. In vivo, microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased after dMCAO and downregulated by CHR. Further investigation showed STAT3 is the major downstream effector of IL-6 signaling. CONCLUSIONS CHR ameliorated microenvironment for neural plasticity and exhibited neuroprotection via arresting microglia toward pro-inflammatory phenotype and downregulation of the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially of IL-6. IL-6-STAT3 signaling might be CHR's therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory responses after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Degang Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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Choi HR, Ha JS, Kim EA, Cho SW, Yang SJ. MiR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p regulate LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis by targeting NeuroD1. BMB Rep 2022; 55:447-452. [PMID: 35651331 PMCID: PMC9537026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) is an essential transcription factor for neuronal differentiation, maturation, and survival, and is associated with inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced glial cells; however, the concrete mechanisms are still ambiguous. Therefore, we investigated whether NeuroD1-targeting miRNAs affect inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, as well as the underlying mechanism. First, we confirmed that miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p, which target NeuroD1, reduced NeuroD1 expression in microglia and astrocytes. In LPS-induced microglia, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38, and the expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p inhibited the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β, which are involved in the innate immune response. In LPS-induced astrocytes, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p reduced ERK phosphorylation and iNOS expression via the STAT-3 pathway. Notably, miR-30a-5p exerted greater anti-inflammatory effects than miR-153-3p. Together, these results indicate that miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p inhibit MAPK/NF-κB pathway in microglia as well as ERK/STAT-3 pathway in astrocytes to reduce LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. This study highlights the importance of NeuroD1 in microglia and astrocytes neuroinflammation and suggests that it can be regulated by miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(9): 447-452].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Zeng Z, Chang X, Zhang D, Chen H, Zhong X, Xie Y, Yu Q, Yan C. Structural elucidation and anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Polygala tenuifolia polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1284-1296. [PMID: 36037912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia is extensively used to treat amnesia in traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacological studies have reported the beneficial effects of P. tenuifolia on intelligence and cognition. In the present study, the crude polysaccharide alkali-extracted from P. tenuifolia roots (PTB) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia/astrocyte activation and significantly improved the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. To determine its bioactive components, a heteropolysaccharide (PTBP-1-3) was isolated from PTB. Structural analysis showed that PTBP-1-3 was composed of α-L-Araf-(1 → , → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, β-D-Xylp-(1→, →2,3,4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, α-L-Rhap-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, and →2,4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → residues. PTBP-1-3 decreased the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia cells in a manner similar to that of minocycline. In conclusion, PTBP-1-3 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation, and could be one of the bioactive ingredients in PTB for anti-neuroinflammation. PTB and PTBP-1-3 may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yikun Xie
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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50
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Kim J, Lee HJ, Park JH, Cha BY, Hoe HS. Nilotinib modulates LPS-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory responses by regulating P38/STAT3 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:187. [PMID: 35841100 PMCID: PMC9288088 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic myelogenous leukemia, reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 generates a chimeric protein, Bcr-Abl, that leads to hyperactivity of tyrosine kinase-linked signaling transduction. The therapeutic agent nilotinib inhibits Bcr-Abl/DDR1 and can cross the blood-brain barrier, but its potential impact on neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive function has not been studied in detail. METHODS The effects of nilotinib in vitro and in vivo were assessed by a combination of RT-PCR, real-time PCR, western blotting, ELISA, immunostaining, and/or subcellular fractionation. In the in vitro experiments, the effects of 200 ng/mL LPS or PBS on BV2 microglial cells, primary microglia or primary astrocytes pre- or post-treated with 5 µM nilotinib or vehicle were evaluated. The in vivo experiments involved wild-type mice administered a 7-day course of daily injections with 20 mg/kg nilotinib (i.p.) or vehicle before injection with 10 mg/kg LPS (i.p.) or PBS. RESULTS In BV2 microglial cells, pre- and post-treatment with nilotinib altered LPS-induced proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels by suppressing AKT/P38/SOD2 signaling. Nilotinib treatment also significantly downregulated LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine levels in primary microglia and primary astrocytes by altering P38/STAT3 signaling. Experiments in wild-type mice showed that nilotinib administration affected LPS-mediated microglial/astroglial activation in a brain region-specific manner in vivo. In addition, nilotinib significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 levels and P38/STAT3 signaling in the brain in LPS-treated wild-type mice. Importantly, nilotinib treatment rescued LPS-mediated spatial working memory impairment and cortical dendritic spine number in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that nilotinib can modulate neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive function in LPS-stimulated wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Cha
- PharmacoRex Co., Ltd., 20 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34016, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, Korea.
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