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Lin YY, Lu Y, Li CY, Ma XF, Shao MQ, Gao YH, Zhang YQ, Jiang HN, Liu Y, Yang Y, Huang LD, Cao P, Wang HS, Wang J, Yu Y. Finely ordered intracellular domain harbors an allosteric site to modulate physiopathological function of P2X3 receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7652. [PMID: 39227563 PMCID: PMC11372093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors, a subfamily of ligand-gated ion channels activated by extracellular ATP, are implicated in various physiopathological processes, including inflammation, pain perception, and immune and respiratory regulations. Structural determinations using crystallography and cryo-EM have revealed that the extracellular three-dimensional architectures of different P2X subtypes across various species are remarkably identical, greatly advancing our understanding of P2X activation mechanisms. However, structural studies yield paradoxical architectures of the intracellular domain (ICD) of different subtypes (e.g., P2X3 and P2X7) at the apo state, and the role of the ICD in P2X functional regulation remains unclear. Here, we propose that the P2X3 receptor's ICD has an apo state conformation similar to the open state but with a less tense architecture, containing allosteric sites that influence P2X3's physiological and pathological roles. Using covalent occupancy, engineered disulfide bonds and voltage-clamp fluorometry, we suggested that the ICD can undergo coordinated motions with the transmembrane domain of P2X3, thereby facilitating channel activation. Additionally, we identified a novel P2X3 enhancer, PSFL77, and uncovered its potential allosteric site located in the 1α3β domain of the ICD. PSFL77 modulated pain perception in P2rx3+/+, but not in P2rx3-/-, mice, indicating that the 1α3β, a "tunable" region implicated in the regulation of P2X3 functions. Thus, when P2X3 is in its apo state, its ICD architecture is fairly ordered rather than an unstructured outward folding, enabling allosteric modulation of the signaling of P2X3 receptors.
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Grants
- This study was supported by funds from Hunan “Huxiang” High-level Talent Program (2021RC5013 to Y.Y.), Changsha “Jie Bang Gua Shuai” Major Science and Technology Programs (KQ2301004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32371289 to Y.Y. and No. 32000869 to J. W), Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Shuangchuang) Program of Jiangsu Province (2020 and 2023 to Y.Y.), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20202002 to Y.Y.), “Xing Yao” Leading Scholars of China Pharmaceutical University (2021, Y.Y.), the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2019-I2M-5-074, Y.Y.), the Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University (lzuyxcx-2022-156, Y.Y.), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2632024ZD10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Lin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yun Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao-Qing Shao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Ning Jiang
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Dong Huang
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
- Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Deng K, Hu DX, Zhang WJ. Application of cell transplantation in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2024; 554:43-51. [PMID: 38986736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Nerve injury can not only lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, but also be complicated with neuropathic pain (NPP), which brings great psychosomatic injury to patients. At present, there is no effective treatment for NPP. Based on the functional characteristics of cell transplantation in nerve regeneration and injury repair, cell therapy has been used in the exploratory treatment of NPP and has become a promising treatment of NPP. In this article, we discuss the current mainstream cell types for the treatment of NPP, including Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of NPP. These bioactive cells transplanted into the host have pharmacological properties of decreasing pain threshold and relieving NPP by exerting nutritional support, neuroprotection, immune regulation, promoting axonal regeneration, and remyelination. Cell transplantation can also change the microenvironment around the nerve injury, which is conducive to the survival of neurons. It can effectively relieve pain by repairing the injured nerve and rebuilding the nerve function. At present, some preclinical and clinical studies have shown that some encouraging results have been achieved in NPP treatment based on cell transplantation. Therefore, we discussed the feasible strategy of cell transplantation as a treatment of NPP and the problems and challenges that need to be solved in the current application of cell transplantation in NPP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Deng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China; Ji an College, Ji an City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Zhang J, Wu P, Wen Q. Optimization strategies for mesenchymal stem cell-based analgesia therapy: a promising therapy for pain management. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:211. [PMID: 39020426 PMCID: PMC11256674 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a very common and complex medical problem that has a serious impact on individuals' physical and mental health as well as society. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are currently the main drugs used for pain management, but they are not effective in controlling all types of pain, and their long-term use can cause adverse effects that significantly impair patients' quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in pain treatment. However, limitations such as the low proliferation rate of MSCs in vitro and low survival rate in vivo restrict their analgesic efficacy and clinical translation. In recent years, researchers have explored various innovative approaches to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in pain treatment. This article reviews the latest research progress of MSCs in pain treatment, with a focus on methods to enhance the analgesic efficacy of MSCs, including engineering strategies to optimize the in vitro culture environment of MSCs and to improve the in vivo delivery efficiency of MSCs. We also discuss the unresolved issues to be explored in future MSCs and pain research and the challenges faced by the clinical translation of MSC therapy, aiming to promote the optimization and clinical translation of MSC-based analgesia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Qingping Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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Estivill-Torrús G, Martínez-Padilla AB, Sánchez-Salido L, Evercooren ABV, García-Díaz B. The dorsal root ganglion as a target for neurorestoration in neuropathic pain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:296-301. [PMID: 37488881 PMCID: PMC10503598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a severe and chronic condition widely found in the general population. The reason for this is the extensive variety of damage or diseases that can spark this unpleasant constant feeling in patients. During the processing of pain, the dorsal root ganglia constitute an important region where dorsal root ganglion neurons play a crucial role in the transmission and propagation of sensory electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the dorsal root ganglia have recently exhibited a regenerative capacity that should not be neglected in the understanding of the development and resolution of neuropathic pain and in the elucidation of innovative therapies. Here, we will review the complex interplay between cells (satellite glial cells and inflammatory cells) and factors (cytokines, neurotrophic factors and genetic factors) that takes place within the dorsal root ganglia and accounts for the generation of the aberrant excitation of primary sensory neurons occurring in neuropathic pain. More importantly, we will summarize an updated view of the current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies targeting the dorsal root ganglia for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Sánchez-Salido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz García-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Qu SY, Wang HZ, Hu QQ, Ma YQ, Kang YR, Ma LQ, Li X, Chen LH, Liu BY, Shao XM, Liu BY, Du JY, Liang Y, Zhao HL, Jiang YL, Fang JQ, He XF. Electroacupuncture may alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting the microglia P2X4R and neuroinflammation. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09972-9. [PMID: 37870716 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and destructive complication of diabetes mellitus. The discovery of effective therapeutic methods for DNP is vitally imperative because of the lack of effective treatments. Although 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) was a successful approach for relieving DNP, the mechanism underlying the effect of EA on DNP is still poorly understood. Here, we established a rat model of DNP that was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. P2X4R was upregulated in the spinal cord after STZ-injection. The upregulation of P2X4R was mainly expressed on activated microglia. Intrathecal injection of a P2X4R antagonist or microglia inhibitor attenuated STZ-induced nociceptive thermal hyperalgesia and reduced the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord. We also assessed the effects of EA treatment on the pain hypersensitivities of DNP rats, and further investigated the possible mechanism underlying the analgesic effect of EA. EA relieved the hyperalgesia of DNP. In terms of mechanism, EA reduced the upregulation of P2X4R on activated microglia and decreased BDNF, IL-1β and TNF-α in the spinal cord. Mechanistic research of EA's analgesic impact would be beneficial in ensuring its prospective therapeutic effect on DNP as well as in extending EA's applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Qu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qun-Qi Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Qi Ma
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Rong Kang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Qian Ma
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Hang Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo-Yu Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhao
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Fen He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang SB, Zhao GH, Lv TR, Gong CY, Shi YQ, Nan W, Zhang HH. Bibliometric and visual analysis of microglia-related neuropathic pain from 2000 to 2021. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1142852. [PMID: 37273906 PMCID: PMC10233022 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1142852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia has gradually gained researchers' attention in the past few decades and has shown its promising prospect in treating neuropathic pain. Our study was performed to comprehensively evaluate microglia-related neuropathic pain via a bibliometric approach. Methods We retrospectively reviewed publications focusing on microglia-related neuropathic pain from 2000 to 2021 in WoSCC. VOS viewer software and CiteSpace software were used for statistical analyses. Results A total of 2,609 articles were finally included. A steady increase in the number of relevant publications was observed in the past two decades. China is the most productive country, while the United States shares the most-cited and highest H-index country. The University of London, Kyushu University, and the University of California are the top 3 institutions with the highest number of publications. Molecular pain and Pain are the most productive and co-cited journals, respectively. Inoue K (Kyushu University) is the most-contributed researcher and Ji RR (Duke University) ranks 1st in both average citations per article and H-index. Keywords analyses revealed that pro-inflammatory cytokines shared the highest burst strength. Sex differences, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the emerging keywords in recent years. Conclusion In the field of microglia-related neuropathic pain, China is the largest producer and the United States is the most influential country. The signaling communication between microglia and neurons has continued to be vital in this field. Sexual dimorphism, neuroinflammation, and stem-cell therapies might be emerging trends that should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Bai Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hai Zhao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian-Run Lv
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yang Gong
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Shi
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Nan
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Rahman MM, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Epidural and Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Rats and Mice for Experimental Research: Fundamental Concepts, Techniques, Precaution, and Application. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051413. [PMID: 37239084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural and intrathecal routes are the most effective drug administration methods for pain management in clinical and experimental medicine to achieve quick results, reduce required drug dosages, and overcome the adverse effects associated with the oral and parenteral routes. Beyond pain management with analgesics, the intrathecal route is more widely used for stem cell therapy, gene therapy, insulin delivery, protein therapy, and drug therapy with agonist, antagonist, or antibiotic drugs in experimental medicine. However, clear information regarding intrathecal and epidural drug delivery in rats and mice is lacking, despite differences from human medicine in terms of anatomical space and proximity to the route of entry. In this study, we discussed and compared the anatomical locations of the epidural and intrathecal spaces, cerebrospinal fluid volume, dorsal root ganglion, techniques and challenges of epidural and intrathecal injections, dosage and volume of drugs, needle and catheter sizes, and the purpose and applications of these two routes in different disease models in rats and mice. We also described intrathecal injection in relation to the dorsal root ganglion. The accumulated information about the epidural and intrathecal delivery routes could contribute to better safety, quality, and reliability in experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Ducza L, Gajtkó A, Hegedűs K, Bakk E, Kis G, Gaál B, Takács R, Szücs P, Matesz K, Holló K. Neuronal P2X4 receptor may contribute to peripheral inflammatory pain in rat spinal dorsal horn. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1115685. [PMID: 36969557 PMCID: PMC10033954 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIntense inflammation may result in pain, which manifests as spinal central sensitization. There is growing evidence that purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of pain processing. Over the last decade the ionotropic P2X purino receptor 4 (P2X4) got into spotlight in neuropathic disorders, however its precise spinal expression was scantily characterized during inflammatory pain. Thus, we intended to analyze the receptor distribution within spinal dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats suffering in inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund adjuvant (CFA).MethodsCFA-induced peripheral inflammation was validated by mechanical and thermal behavioral tests. In order to ensure about the putative alteration of spinal P2X4 receptor gene expression qPCR reactions were designed, followed by immunoperoxidase and Western blot experiments to assess changes at a protein level. Colocalization of P2X4 with neuronal and glial markers was investigated by double immunofluorescent labelings, which were subsequently analyzed with IMARIS software. Transmission electronmicroscopy was applied to study the ultrastructural localization of the receptor. Concurrently, in lumbar DRG cells similar methodology has been carried out to complete our observations.ResultsThe figures of mechanical and thermal behavioral tests proved the establishment of CFA-induced inflammatory pain. We observed significant enhancement of P2X4 transcript level within the spinal dorsal horn 3 days upon CFA administration. Elevation of P2X4 immunoreactivity within Rexed lamina I-II of the spinal gray matter was synchronous with mRNA expression, and confirmed by protein blotting. According to IMARIS analysis the robust protein increase was mainly detected on primary afferent axonterminals and GFAP-labelled astrocyte membrane compartments, but not on postsynaptic dendrites was also validated ultrastructurally within the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, lumbar DRG analysis demonstrated that peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptive subsets of ganglia cells were also abundantly positive for P2X4 receptor in CFA model.ConclusionHere we provide novel evidence about involvement of neuronal and glial P2X4 receptor in the establishment of inflammatory pain.
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Yu JI, Cho YH, Seo TB, Kim YP. Effect of combined intervention of exercise and autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation on neurotrophic factors and pain-related cascades over time after sciatic nerve injury. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:19-26. [PMID: 36910683 PMCID: PMC9993005 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244006.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether combined inter-vention of treadmill exercise and bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation would affect the expression of neurotrophic factors in the sciatic nerve injury (SNI) and neuropathic pain-related cascades in ipsilateral lumbar 4-5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) during the early or late stage of sciatic nerve regeneration. The rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (CONT, n=6), sedentary group (SS, n=24), exercise group (SE, n=24), BMSC transplantation group (SB, n=24), BMSC transplantation+exercise group (SBE, n=24) 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after SNI. Single dose of 5×106 harvested BMSC was injected into the injury area sing by a 30 gauge needle. Treadmill exercise was performed at a speed of 8 m/min for 30 min once a day. Tropomyosin-receptor kinase B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic fac-tor were significantly upregulated in the SE and SBE groups at 1- and 2-week postinjury than those in the CONT and SS groups, and SB and SBE groups continuously kept up proinflammatory cytokines until the late stage of regeneration. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin and tumor necrosis factor alpha in ipsi-lateral DRG were progressively decreased by exercise alone application and/or BMSC transplantation at early and late stage of regeneration. Present results provide reliable information that combined intervention of treadmill exercise and BMSC transplantation might be one of the effective treatment strategies for recovering sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-In Yu
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Jia X, Wang Z. Treating peripheral nerve injury-induced spinal cord degeneration and neuropathic pain with peripherally administrated stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:537-538. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nakajima N, Ohnishi Y, Yamamoto M, Setoyama D, Imai H, Takenaka T, Matsumoto M, Hosomi K, Saitoh Y, Furue H, Kishima H. Excess intracellular ATP causes neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:483. [PMID: 35972649 PMCID: PMC11072579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intractable neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (NP-SCI) reduces a patient's quality of life. Excessive release of ATP into the extracellular space evokes neuroinflammation via purinergic receptor. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of NP. However, little is known about whether or not extracellular ATP cause NP-SCI. We found in the present study that excess of intracellular ATP at the lesion site evokes at-level NP-SCI. No significant differences in the body weight, locomotor function, or motor behaviors were found in groups that were negative and positive for at-level allodynia. The intracellular ATP level at the lesion site was significantly higher in the allodynia-positive mice than in the allodynia-negative mice. A metabolome analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the ATP production or degradation between allodynia-negative and allodynia-positive mice. Dorsal horn neurons in allodynia mice were found to be inactivated in the resting state, suggesting that decreased ATP consumption due to neural inactivity leads to a build-up of intracellular ATP. In contrast to the findings in the resting state, mechanical stimulation increased the neural activity of dorsal horn and extracellular ATP release at lesion site. The forced production of intracellular ATP at the lesion site in non-allodynia mice induced allodynia. The inhibition of P2X4 receptors in allodynia mice reduced allodynia. These results suggest that an excess buildup of intracellular ATP in the resting state causes at-level NP-SCI as a result of the extracellular release of ATP with mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohnishi
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Takenaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Matsumoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Koichi Hosomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuromodulation and Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saitoh
- Department of Neuromodulation and Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Kan H, Fan L, Gui X, Li X, Yang S, Huang Y, Chen L, Shen W. Stem Cell Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. J Pain Res 2022; 15:1797-1811. [PMID: 35769691 PMCID: PMC9236174 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s365524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuropathic pain is intractable and current treatment modalities are ineffective to cure this intractable pain, which has become a global problem. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain that have shown enormous potential. Using a visual analysis approach of the existing literature on stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain, we hope to understand the current research status and hot issues in this field and to provide valuable predictions for future research in this field. Methods We used Citespace software to visually analyze 291 articles and reviews indexed by the Web of Science Core Collection Database exploring stem cell-based treatment of neuropathic pain from 1995 to 2021. The Gunnmap online world map evaluated the number of countries and regional articles separately. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to generate a graph of trends in annual publications. Results Visualization analysis revealed that the number of publications has increased yearly. The top three countries in terms of number of articles published are United States, China, and Japan. Analysis of highly co-cited articles revealed that the contents of these articles primarily involved the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, NPY, TRPA1, p-p38, p-ERK1/2, TGF-β, PKCδ, CaMKIIɑ, P2X4, P2X7 and TNF-ɑ. Keywords and citation burst analysis demonstrated that activation, regeneration, chemotherapy, and expression are likely the research hotspots and future directions of stem cell research in neuropathic pain. Conclusion Stem cell therapy may be a potential means of future treatment of neuropathic pain. The study of the mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy for neuropathic pain is still a focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houming Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Gui
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Rao R, Shah S, Bhattacharya D, Toukam DK, Cáceres R, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels as Targets for Treatment and Management of Cancers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839437. [PMID: 35350689 PMCID: PMC8957973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels are an ionotropic receptor subtype characterized by the binding of an extracellular ligand, followed by the transient passage of ions through a transmembrane pore. Ligand-gated ion channels are commonly subcategorized into three superfamilies: purinoreceptors, glutamate receptors, and Cys-loop receptors. This classification is based on the differing topographical morphology of the receptors, which in turn confers functional differences. Ligand-gated ion channels have a diverse spatial and temporal expression which implicate them in key cellular processes. Given that the transcellular electrochemical gradient is finely tuned in eukaryotic cells, any disruption in this homeostasis can contribute to aberrancies, including altering the activity of pro-tumorigenic molecular pathways, such as the MAPK/ERK, RAS, and mTOR pathways. Ligand-gated ion channels therefore serve as a potential targetable system for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we analyze the role that each of the three ligand-gated ion channel superfamilies has concerning tumor proliferation and as a target for the treatment of cancer symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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14
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Meroney M, Winegar J, Brown H, Bender M, Smith S, Przkora R. Modulatory Effects of Stem Cells on Opioid Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:121-127. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Zhao Y, Suo Y, Yang Z, Hao Y, Li W, Su Y, Shi Y, Gao Y, Song L, Yin X, Shi H. Inspiration for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: New insight from the bone-brain-axis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:263-272. [PMID: 34678443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the main supporting structure of the body and the main organ involved in body movement and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Recent studies have shown that bone is also a potential new endocrine organ that participates in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine systems through various bioactive cytokines secreted by bone cells and bone marrow. Bone-derived active cytokines can also directly act on the central nervous system and regulate brain function and individual behavior. The bidirectional regulation of the bone-brain axis has gradually attracted attention in the field of neuroscience. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of bone-derived active cytokines and bone-derived cells on individual brain function and brain diseases, as well as the occurrence and development of related neuropsychiatric diseases. The central regulatory mechanism function is briefly introduced, which will broaden the scope for mechanistic research and help establish prevention and treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases based on the bone-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yining Suo
- Child Health Department, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Wenshuya Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yujiao Su
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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16
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Li NQ, Peng Z, Xu WW, An K, Wan L. Bone mesenchymal stem cells attenuate resiniferatoxin-induced neuralgia via inhibiting TRPA1-PKCδ-P38/MAPK-p-P65 pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:92-102. [PMID: 34098041 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from nerve injury is one of the most complicated and challenging in modern practice. Pharmacological treatments for NP are not fully effectively and novel approaches are requisite. Recently, transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has represented a promising approach for pain relief and neural repair, but how it produces beneficial effects on resiniferatoxin (RTX) induced nerve injury is still unclear. Here, we identified the BMSCs' analgesic effects and their potential mechanisms of microglial cells activation on RTX induced neuralgia. Immunostaining, biochemical studies demonstrated that microglia rather than astrocyte cells activation involved in RTX induced mechanical hyperalgesia, whereas the GFP-labeled BMSCs alleviated this mechanical hyperalgesia. Moreover, pain-related TRPA1, PKCδ, CaMKIIɑ (Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II), P38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), p-P65 activation and expression in the spinal cord were significantly inhibited after BMSC administration. In addition, BMSCs treated RTX mice displayed a lower density of mushroom dendritic spines. Our research suggested that activation of PKCδ-CaMKIIɑ-P38/MAPK-p-P65 pathway and mushroom dendritic spines abnormal increase in the spinal cord is the main mechanism of RTX induced neuropathic pain, and transplant of BMSCs to the damaged nerve may offer promising approach for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pain Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Ke An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Pain Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, PR China.
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Zhou J, Zhuang T, Ma P, Shan L, Sun XD, Gong S, Tao J, Yu XM, Jiang X. MicroRNA-547-5p-mediated interleukin-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 signaling underlies the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain and is targeted by the therapy with bone marrow stromal cells. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920931737. [PMID: 32513089 PMCID: PMC7309409 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920931737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) signaling is known to promote inflammation and the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, it remained mostly unknown how IL-33/ST2 signaling can be enhanced by neuropathic stimulations. Here, we report that the chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI)-induced increases in the expression of IL-33 and ST2 and a decrease in microRNA (miRNA)-547-5p not only in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but also in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) ipsilateral to the CCI. We found that increasing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of agomir-miR-547-5p did not produce any effect in naive rats but blocked the CCI-induced increases in the IL-33 and ST2, and pain sensitivity. The reducing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the i.t. delivering antagomir-miR-547-5p into naive rats caused significant changes in IL-33 and ST2 expressions in both the DRG and SDH, and pain sensitivity, which were similar to those induced by the CCI. Since increasing IL-33 by the i.t. infusion of recombinant IL-33 produced no change in the expression of miR-547-5p, and the CCI still reduced miR-547-5p expression in rats with the IL-33 knockdown, we conclude that the reduction of miR-547-5p can be an upstream event leading to the enhancement of IL-33/ST2 signaling induced by the CCI. The intravenous application of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduced the depression of miR-547-5p in both the DRG and SDH, and pain hypersensitivity produced by the CCI or antagomir-miR547-5p application. However, the BMSC effect was significantly occluded by the pretreatment with miR-547-5p agomir or the IL-33 knockdown, demonstrating a novel mechanism underlying the BMSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lidong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Liu M, Yu W, Zhang F, Liu T, Li K, Lin M, Wang Y, Zhao G, Jiang J. Fe 3O 4@Polydopamine-Labeled MSCs Targeting the Spinal Cord to Treat Neuropathic Pain Under the Guidance of a Magnetic Field. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3275-3292. [PMID: 34007177 PMCID: PMC8123975 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuropathic pain causes great distress among patients; however, its response to traditional analgesia techniques remains sub-optimal. There has been progress in stem cell research for neuropathic pain treatment; however, effective homing remains problematic. This study aimed to establish Fe3O4@polydopamine(PDA)-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); moreover, we aimed to guide MSCs using a magnetic field to the spinal cord segments showing pain-related responses to allow MSC homing and gathering, in advance, in order to fully employ their repair function. Materials and Methods Fe3O4@PDA-labeled MSCs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. We analyzed the characteristics of MSCs, as well as the nanoparticle effects on MSC activity, differentiation, and proliferation, using the CCK-8 method, flow cytometry, and staining. Using rats, we performed behavioral tests of mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity. Serum inflammatory markers were detected using ELISA. Finally, changes in proteins associated with spinal cord pain were detected through quantitative reverse transcription PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results Fe3O4@PDA did not affect the characteristics and viability of MSCs. The magnetic field guidance improved the therapeutic effect of Fe3O4@PDA-labeled MSCs as indicated by the paw withdrawal threshold. Fe3O4@PDA-labeled MSCs decreased spinal nerve demyelination and c-Fos expression (a pain molecule); moreover, they inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation. Conclusion Fe3O4@PDA-labeled MSCs showed better homing to the spinal cord under magnetic field guidance. Moreover, they inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation, as well as played an early and continuous role in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Yu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Yin N, Yan E, Duan W, Mao C, Fei Q, Yang C, Hu Y, Xu X. The role of microglia in chronic pain and depression: innocent bystander or culprit? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:949-958. [PMID: 33544194 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that chronic pain and depression often accompany each other, but the underlying pathogenesis of comorbid chronic pain and depression remains mostly undetermined. Biotechnology is gradually revealing the phenotype and function of microglia, with great progress regarding microglia's role in neurodegeneration, depression, chronic pain, and other conditions. This article summarizes the role of microglia in chronic pain, depression, and comorbidities, which is conducive to finding new targets to treat chronic pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Enshi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenbin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Changyuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qin Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Jergova S, Perez C, Imperial JS, Gajavelli S, Jain A, Abin A, Olivera BM, Sagen J. Cannabinoid receptor agonists from Conus venoms alleviate pain-related behavior in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 205:173182. [PMID: 33774007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists show robust antinociceptive effects in various pain models. However, most of the clinically potent CB1 receptor-active drugs derived from cannabis are considered concerning due to psychotomimetic side effects. Selective CB receptor ligands that do not induce CNS side effects are of clinical interest. The venoms of marine snail Conus are a natural source of various potent analgesic peptides, some of which are already FDA approved. In this study we evaluated the ability of several Conus venom extracts to interact with CB1 receptor. HEK293 cells expressing CB1 receptors were treated with venom extracts and CB1 receptor internalization was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results showed C. textile (C. Tex) and C. miles (C. Mil) samples as the most potent. These were serially subfractionated by HPLC for subsequent analysis by internalization assays and for analgesic potency evaluated in the formalin test and after peripheral nerve injury. Intrathecal injection of C. Tex and C. Mil subfractions reduced flinching/licking behavior during the second phase of formalin test and attenuated thermal and mechanical allodynia in nerve injury model. Treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduced CB1 internalization of subfractions, indicating the peptidergic nature of CB1 active component. Further HPLC purification revealed two potent antinociceptive subfractions within C. Tex with CB1 and possible CB2 activity, with mild to no side effects in the CB tetrad assessment. CB conopeptides can be isolated from these active Conus venom-derived samples and further developed as novel analgesic agents for the treatment of chronic pain using cell based or gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Jergova
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Cecilia Perez
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Julita S Imperial
- University of Utah, School of Biological Sciences, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aakangsha Jain
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adam Abin
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Baldomero M Olivera
- University of Utah, School of Biological Sciences, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sagen
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Project, 1095 NW 14(th) terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Tong Y, Zhou X, Du J, Choi IY, Yue S, Lee G, Johnson BN, Jia X. Therapeutic effects of peripherally administrated neural crest stem cells on pain and spinal cord changes after sciatic nerve transection. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:180. [PMID: 33722287 PMCID: PMC7962265 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe peripheral nerve injury significantly affects patients' quality of life and induces neuropathic pain. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) exhibit several attractive characteristics for cell-based therapies following peripheral nerve injury. Here, we investigate the therapeutic effect of NCSC therapy and associated changes in the spinal cord in a sciatic nerve transection (SNT) model. METHODS Complex sciatic nerve gap injuries in rats were repaired with cell-free and cell-laden nerve scaffolds for 12 weeks (scaffold and NCSC groups, respectively). Catwalk gait analysis was used to assess the motor function recovery. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were used to assess the development of neuropathic pain. Activation of glial cells was examined by immunofluorescence analyses. Spinal levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), NF-κB P65, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth-associated protein (GAP)-43, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and inflammation factors were calculated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Catwalk gait analysis showed that animals in the NCSC group exhibited a higher stand index and Max intensity At (%) relative to those that received the cell-free scaffold (scaffold group) (p < 0.05). The mechanical and thermal allodynia in the medial-plantar surface of the ipsilateral hind paw were significantly relieved in the NCSC group. Sunitinib (SNT)-induced upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (astrocyte) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) (microglia) in the ipsilateral L4-5 dorsal and ventral horn relative to the contralateral side. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed decreased astrocyte and microglia activation. Activation of ERK and NF-κB signals and expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression were downregulated. CONCLUSION NCSC-laden nerve scaffolds mitigated SNT-induced neuropathic pain and improved motor function recovery after sciatic nerve repair. NCSCs also protected the spinal cord from SNT-induced glial activation and central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA
| | - Xijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Blake N Johnson
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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22
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Wang C, Xu T, Lachance BB, Zhong X, Shen G, Xu T, Tang C, Jia X. Critical roles of sphingosine kinase 1 in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 33602274 PMCID: PMC7893778 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathological process of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) involves excessive activation of microglia leading to the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and causing neuronal injury. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), a key enzyme responsible for phosphorylating sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), plays an important role in mediating inflammation, cell proliferation, survival, and immunity. Methods We aim to investigate the mechanism and pathway of the Sphk1-mediated neuroinflammatory response in a rodent model of SCI. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, SCI, or PF543 (a specific Sphk1 inhibitor) groups. Functional outcomes included blinded hindlimb locomotor rating and inclined plane test. Results We discovered that Sphk1 is upregulated in injured spinal cord tissue of rats after SCI and is associated with production of S1P and subsequent NF-κB p65 activation. PF543 attenuated p65 activation, reduced inflammatory response, and relieved neuronal damage, leading to improved functional recovery. Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) are activated in microglia of SCI rats and mitigated by PF543. In vitro, we demonstrated that Bay11-7085 suppressed NF-κB p65 and inhibited amplification of the inflammation cascade by S1P, reducing the release of proinflammatory TNF-α. We further confirmed that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and activation of NF-κB p65 is inhibited by PF543 and CAY10444. p38 MAPK phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 activation were enhanced by exogenous S1P and inhibited by the specific inhibitor SB204580, ultimately indicating that the S1P/S1PR3/p38 MAPK pathway contributes to the NF-κB p65 inflammatory response. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a critical role of Sphk1 in the post-traumatic SCI inflammatory cascade and present the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR3 axis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to control neuroinflammation, relieve neuronal damage, and improve functional outcomes in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhu'ji People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiqiang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangjie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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23
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Masoodifar M, Hajihashemi S, Pazhoohan S, Nazemi S, Mojadadi MS. Effect of the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells on the expression levels of P2X4 and P2X7 purinergic receptors in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:143-150. [PMID: 33404958 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) have potential therapeutic effects in animal models of neuropathic pain (NP). However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Because of the leading involvement of purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis of NP, this study aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs-CM on the expression levels of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in a rat model of NP induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. CM was prepared from the rats' bone marrow-derived MSCs culture. After that, NP rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection of CM, or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) 1 day before and 7 and 11 days after CCI surgery. The NP status was assessed in the treated animals using behavioral tests, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, on days - 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 of the study. At the end of the study (Day 15), the animals were sacrificed, and the relative gene expression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors were measured in the spinal cord using quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that in the CM-treated NP rats, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were significantly reduced compared with the DMEM-treated group. In addition, the expression levels of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors were noticeably prevented in the CM-treated group than the control group. These findings indicate that the antinociceptive effects of CM in the NP rats are partly mediated through preventing the upregulation of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Masoodifar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saeed Hajihashemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Saeed Pazhoohan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samad Nazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Research Progress of Mechanism. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8861251. [PMID: 33456473 PMCID: PMC7785341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain caused by somatosensory nervous system injury or disease. Its prominent symptoms are spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, and the sense of pain is extremely strong. Owing to the complex mechanism, conventional painkillers lack effectiveness. Recently, research on the treatment of NP by stem cells is increasing and promising results have been achieved in preclinical research. In this review, we briefly introduce the neuropathic pain, the current treatment strategy, and the development of stem cell therapy, and we collected the experimental and clinical trial articles of many kinds of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain from the past ten years. We analyzed and summarized the general efficacy and mechanism of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We found that the multiple-mechanism approach was different from the single mechanism of routine clinical drugs; stem cells play a role in peripheral mechanism, central mechanism, and disinhibition of spinal cord level that lead to neuropathic pain, so they are more effective in analgesia and treatment of neuropathic pain.
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25
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Wang Q, He H, Xie S, Wei Q, He C. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation for Neuropathic Pain Induced By Peripheral Nerve Injury in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1420-1428. [PMID: 32962522 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is defined as a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, currently remaining a challenging condition to treat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is emerging as a promising strategy to alleviate the neuropathic pain conditions induced by peripheral nerve injury. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of MSCs transplantation in neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury in controlled animal studies, and thus to yield evidence-based decision making. Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for preclinical controlled animal studies from the inception to April 16, 2020. Seventeen studies are included in this review. Substantial heterogeneity is observed regarding the animal's species, models of neuropathic pain, regimen of MSCs transplantation, and outcome of measures across the included studies. Both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia could be significantly attenuated by transplanted MSCs. The MSCs-elicited analgesic effect is independent of the type of MSCs, time of administration, and route of delivery, and is efficiently enhanced by genetic transfection with fibroblast growth factor, proenkephalin, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The migration of MSCs after intrathecal or intravenous injection has been shown to be directed toward the surface of dorsal spinal cord or dorsal root ganglions on the ipsilateral side of injury. No adverse effects have been reported. The accumulating evidence demonstrates the therapeutic effect of MSCs-based cell therapy on prevention and alleviation of the neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury in rat or mouse models. The robust preclinical studies are deserved to optimize the regimen of MSCs transplantation and to promote the translation of the MSCs-based therapy into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchen He
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhang Xie
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Zhang WJ, Luo C, Pu FQ, Zhu JF, Zhu Z. The role and pharmacological characteristics of ATP-gated ionotropic receptor P2X in cancer pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176045. [PMID: 32842609 PMCID: PMC7503462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential, aromatic amino acid catabolized by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes into kynurenine. The IDO enzyme is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Another enzyme of interest in the kynurenine signaling pathway is kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of TRP and the kynurenine signaling pathway in different chronic pain patients. The IDO-1, IDO-2, and KMO enzymes and the kynurenine metabolite have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and other painful conditions (migraine, cluster headache, etc.) as well as depressive behavior. We highlighted the analgesic potential of novel agents targeting the enzymes of the kynurenine signaling pathway to explore their efficacy in both future basic science and transitional studies. Upcoming studies conducted on animal models will need to take into consideration the differences in TRP metabolism between human and non-human species. Since chronic painful conditions and depression have common pathophysiological patterns, and the kynurenine signaling pathway is involved in both of them, future clinical studies should aim to have outcomes targeting not only pain, but also functionality, mood changes, and quality of life.
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28
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Zhang WJ, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. The role of P2X4 receptors in chronic pain: A potential pharmacological target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110447. [PMID: 32887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom of most clinical diseases, which seriously affects the psychosomatic health of patients and brings some pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated and the treatment of chronic pain has always been a difficult problem in clinical. Normally, drugs are usually used to relieve pain, but the analgesic effect is not good, especially for cancer pain patients, the analgesic effect is poor. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pain has aroused the interest of many researchers. A large number of studies have shown that the role of ATP and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. P2X4R is dependent on ATP ligand-gated ion channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the information transmission of nerve system and the formation of pain. Therefore, in this paper, we comprehensively described the structure and biological functions of P2X4R, and outlined behavioral evaluation methods of chronic pain models. Moreover, we also explored the inherent relationship between P2X4R and chronic pain, and described the therapeutic effect of P2X4R antagonist on chronic pain, and provided some valuable help for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
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