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Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Li J, Chen S, Chen D, Li G, Tang Z. Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:632-645. [PMID: 38886930 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Feng S, Li J, Liu T, Huang S, Chen X, Liu S, Zhou J, Zhao H, Hong Y. Overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor prevents neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:491-502. [PMID: 38819062 PMCID: PMC11317962 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00027/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor, a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor, has been found to inhibit NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in neurons following ischemic stroke and to suppress the activation of microglia and astrocytes in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor on astrocytic activation in ischemic stroke. To address this issue in the present study, we examined the mechanisms by which low-density lipoprotein receptor regulates astrocytic polarization in ischemic stroke models. First, we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in astrocytes via immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analysis. We observed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor following middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Second, we induced the astrocyte-specific overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor using astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus. Low-density lipoprotein receptor overexpression in astrocytes improved neurological outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reversed neurotoxic astrocytes to create a neuroprotective phenotype. Finally, we found that the overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injured astrocytes and that the addition of nigericin, an NLRP3 agonist, restored the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype. These findings suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor could inhibit the NLRP3-meidiated neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes and that increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor in astrocytes might represent a novel strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Feng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongdong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nguyen PT, Makowiecki K, Lewis TS, Fortune AJ, Clutterbuck M, Reale LA, Taylor BV, Rodger J, Cullen CL, Young KM. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances remyelination by newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes in the cuprizone model of toxic demyelination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:346. [PMID: 39134808 PMCID: PMC11335270 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes (OLs) can contribute to remyelination, however, current therapies are unable to enhance or sustain endogenous repair. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI-rTMS), delivered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), increases the survival and maturation of newborn OLs in the healthy adult mouse cortex, but it is unclear whether LI-rTMS can promote remyelination. To examine this possibility, we fluorescently labelled oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs; Pdgfrα-CreER transgenic mice) or mature OLs (Plp-CreER transgenic mice) in the adult mouse brain and traced the fate of each cell population over time. Daily sessions of iTBS (600 pulses; 120 mT), delivered during cuprizone (CPZ) feeding, did not alter new or pre-existing OL survival but increased the number of myelin internodes elaborated by new OLs in the primary motor cortex (M1). This resulted in each new M1 OL producing ~ 471 µm more myelin. When LI-rTMS was delivered after CPZ withdrawal (during remyelination), it significantly increased the length of the internodes elaborated by new M1 and callosal OLs, increased the number of surviving OLs that supported internodes in the corpus callosum (CC), and increased the proportion of axons that were myelinated. The ability of LI-rTMS to modify cortical neuronal activity and the behaviour of new and surviving OLs, suggests that it may be a suitable adjunct intervention to enhance remyelination in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tram Nguyen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kalina Makowiecki
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Thomas S Lewis
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alastair J Fortune
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mackenzie Clutterbuck
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Laura A Reale
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zheng YJ, Zhao A, Jiang X, Gan J. Astrocyte modulation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: A promising therapeutic strategy. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114814. [PMID: 38762094 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) poses significant challenges for drug development due to its complex pathogenesis. Astrocyte involvement in CIRI pathogenesis has led to the development of novel astrocyte-targeting drug strategies. To comprehensively review the current literature, we conducted a thorough analysis from January 2012 to December 2023, identifying 82 drugs aimed at preventing and treating CIRI. These drugs target astrocytes to exert potential benefits in CIRI, and their primary actions include modulation of relevant signaling pathways to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, reduce cerebral edema, restore blood-brain barrier integrity, suppress excitotoxicity, and regulate autophagy. Notably, active components from traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo, and Ginseng exhibit these important pharmacological properties and show promise in the treatment of CIRI. This review highlights the potential of astrocyte-targeted drugs to ameliorate CIRI and categorizes them based on their mechanisms of action, underscoring their therapeutic potential in targeting astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Jia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anliu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Luo J, Feng Y, Hong Z, Yin M, Zheng H, Zhang L, Hu X. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes neural stem cell proliferation after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1772-1780. [PMID: 38103244 PMCID: PMC10960276 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00031/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Proliferation of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells. Additionally, repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in a rat model of ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, improved rat cognitive function, and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra. RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation, leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4. This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which ultimately promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells. Subsequently, we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation. We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+ influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway. These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+ influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study has produced pioneering results on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recovery after ischemic stroke. These results provide a strong scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS. Moreover, repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications, but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Tan Q, Ruan Y, Wu S, Jiang Y, Fu R, Gu X, Yu J, Wu Q, Li M, Jiang S. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) inhibits cardiac mast cells activation and improves myocardial atrophy after ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112714. [PMID: 39068751 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of chronic disability worldwide, and stroke-induced heart damage can lead to death. According to research, patients with a variety of brain disease have good clinical results after vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). After ischemic stroke, mast cells (MCs) degranulate and release a large number of mediators, which may cause systemic inflammation. Chymase secreted by MCs can increase the levels of pathological angiotensin II (AngⅡ), which plays a crucial role in the deterioration of heart disease. Our goal was to develop a minimally invasive, targeted, and convenient VNS approach to assess the impact of VNS and to clarify the relationship between VNS and MCs in the prognosis of patients with myocardial atrophy after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS In this study, we verified the role of VNS in the treatment of myocardial atrophy after stroke and its molecular mechanism using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO/r). Behavioral studies were assessed using neurobehavioral deficit scores. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of myocardial atrophy, MC and inflammatory markers in rat hearts. RESULTS VNS improved myocardial atrophy in MCAO/r rats, inhibited MC activation, reduced the expression of chymase and AngⅡ, and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors. The chymase activator C48/80 reversed these effects of VNS. Chymase activation inhibited the effect of VNS on myocardial atrophy in MCAO/r rats, increased AngⅡ expression and aggravated inflammation and autophagy. The myocardial atrophy of MCAO/r rats was improved after chymase inhibition, and AngⅡ expression, inflammation and autophagy were reduced. Our results suggest that VNS may reduce the expression of chymase and AngⅡ by inhibiting MC activation, thereby improving myocardial atrophy and reducing inflammation and autophagy in MCAO/r rats. Inhibition of MC activation may be an effective strategy for treating myocardial atrophy after stroke. CONCLUSIONS VNS inhibits MC activation and reduces the expression of chymase and AngII, thereby alleviating myocardial atrophy, inflammation and autophagy after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Yu Ruan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Shaoqi Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China.
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Wang C, Dong J, Huang H, Zhou K, Liu Z, Milner R, Li L. Astrocyte-TREM2 alleviates brain injury by regulating reactive astrocyte states following ischemic stroke. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39056459 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been shown to confer strong neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, as the vast majority of research findings to date are based on its functions in microglia, the precise role of TREM2 in astrocytes after AIS is unknown. Here, both loss- and gain-of-function experiments were employed to investigate how astrocytic TREM2 influences the pathogenesis of AIS in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that cerebral ischemia triggered induction of TREM2 expression on reactive astrocytes following AIS. In addition, astrocyte-specific TREM2 knockout mice exhibited much greater brain injury than TREM2 flox/flox controls following AIS, as evidenced by increased cerebral infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficit, which was associated with an increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecule complement component 3 (C3) on reactive astrocytes and activation of microglia/macrophages but decreased expression of S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10) and arginase1 (Arg1) on reactive astrocytes. Mechanistic analyses revealed that astrocytic TREM2 alleviated brain injury by inhibiting detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes but promoting their neuro- and glioprotective actions via the kruppel-like transcription factor-4-nuclear factor-κB axis. Together, this study provides novel evidence for a critical protective role of astrocyte-derived TREM2 in AIS and highlights a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- The Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kegui Zhou
- The Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Longxuan Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wu L, Liu Y, He Q, Ao G, Xu N, He W, Liu X, Huang L, Yu Q, Kanamaru H, Dong S, Zhu S, Yuan Y, Han M, Ling Y, Liu L, Wu C, Zhou Y, Sherchan P, Flores JJ, Tang J, Chen X, He X, Zhang JH. PEDF-34 attenuates neurological deficit and suppresses astrocyte-dependent neuroinflammation by modulating astrocyte polarization via 67LR/JNK/STAT1 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:178. [PMID: 39034417 PMCID: PMC11264993 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive astrocytes participate in various pathophysiology after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including neuroinflammation, glymphatic-lymphatic system dysfunction, brain edema, BBB disruption, and cell death. Astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression, and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. This study investigates the effect of 67LR activation by PEDF-34, a PEDF peptide, on neuroinflammation and astrocyte polarization after the experimental SAH. METHODS A total of 318 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in experiments in vivo, of which 272 rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH and 46 rats underwent sham surgery. 67LR agonist (PEDF-34) was administrated intranasally 1 h after SAH. 67LR-specific inhibitor (NSC-47924) and STAT1 transcriptional activator (2-NP) were injected intracerebroventricularly 48 h before SAH. Short- and long-term neurological tests, brain water content, immunostaining, Nissl staining, western blot, and ELISA assay were performed. In experiments in vitro, primary astrocyte culture with hemoglobin (Hb) stimulation was used to mimic SAH. The expression of the PEDF-34/67LR signaling pathway and neuro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using Western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry assays both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Endogenous PEDF and 67LR expressions were significantly reduced at 6 h after SAH. 67LR was expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Intranasal administration of PEDF-34 significantly reduced brain water content, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and short-term and long-term neurological deficits after SAH. The ratio of p-JNK/JNK and p-STAT1/STAT1 and the expression of CFB and C3 (A1 astrocytes marker), significantly decreased after PEDF-34 treatment, along with fewer expression of TNF-α and IL-1β at 24 h after SAH. However, 2-NP (STAT1 transcriptional activator) and NSC-47924 (67LR inhibitor) reversed the protective effects of PEDF-34 in vivo and in vitro by promoting A1 astrocyte polarization with increased inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION PEDF-34 activated 67LR, attenuating neuroinflammation and inhibiting astrocyte A1 polarization partly via the JNK/STAT1 pathway, suggesting that PEDF-34 might be a potential treatment for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guangnan Ao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangqing He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Mingyang Han
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yeping Ling
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Xionghui Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuying He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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9
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Markowska A, Tarnacka B. Molecular Changes in the Ischemic Brain as Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targets-TMS and tDCS Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Combination Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1560. [PMID: 39062133 PMCID: PMC11274560 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. As the currently used neurorehabilitation methods present several limitations, the ongoing research focuses on the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). NIBS methods were demonstrated to modulate neural excitability and improve motor and cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases. However, their mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, and the clinical outcomes are often unpredictable. This review explores the molecular processes underlying the effects of TMS and tDCS in stroke rehabilitation, including oxidative stress reduction, cell death, stimulation of neurogenesis, and neuroprotective phenotypes of glial cells. A highlight is put on the newly emerging therapeutic targets, such as ferroptotic and pyroptotic pathways. In addition, the issue of interindividual variability is discussed, and the role of neuroimaging techniques is investigated to get closer to personalized medicine. Furthermore, translational challenges of NIBS techniques are analyzed, and limitations of current clinical trials are investigated. The paper concludes with suggestions for further neurorehabilitation stroke treatment, putting the focus on combination and personalized therapies, as well as novel protocols of brain stimulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Markowska
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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Wang X, Ding Q, Li Y, Li T, Li Y, Yin J, Zhuang W. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation impacts the executive function of patients with vascular cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1374395. [PMID: 38962482 PMCID: PMC11220282 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1374395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Executive dysfunction is a core symptom of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which seriously affects patients' prognosis. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS on executive function in VCI. Methods The databases selected for this study included Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM). The screening times were conducted from the time of library construction until August 23, 2023. The inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on rTMS for VCI, which include executive function scores. The primary metrics were executive subscale scores of the Cognitive Comprehensive Scale and total scores of the Executive Specificity Scale. The secondary metrics were subscale scores of the Executive Specificity Scale. The quality of each eligible study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis and bias analysis were performed using Stata (version 16.0) and RevMan (version 5.3). Results A total of 20 high-quality clinical RCTs with 1,049 samples were included in this paper. The findings from the primary outcomes revealed that within the rTMS group, there were significantly higher scores observed for the executive sub-item on the cognitive composite scale (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.77-1.08, p < 0.00001, I 2 = 14%) and the total score on the executive specific scale (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.44-0.94, p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%) compared to the control group. As for the secondary outcome measures, as shown by the Trail Making Test-A (time) (MD = -35.75, 95% CI = -68.37 to -3.12, p = 0.03, I 2 = 55%), the Stroop-C card (time) (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.06, p = 0.02, I 2 = 0%) and the Stroop-C card (correct number) (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.04-0.94, p = 0.03, I 2 = 0%), the experimental group shorts time and enhances accuracy of executive task in comparison to the control group. Subgroup analysis of the main outcome demonstrated that intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), higher frequency, lower intensity, longer duration, and combined comprehensive therapy exhibited superior efficacy. Conclusion rTMS is effective in the treatment of the executive function of VCI. The present study has some limitations, so multi-center, large-sample, objective indicators and parameters are needed to further explore in the future.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023459669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qixin Ding
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuefang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialin Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Yang G, Guo L, Zhang Y, Li S. Network meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment after an ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1327065. [PMID: 38895695 PMCID: PMC11185141 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1327065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in improving cognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke through network meta-analysis. Methods We searched databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on non-pharmacological treatments to improve cognitive impairment following ischemic stroke. The publication date was up to 15 March 2023. Due to the insufficiency of included studies, supplementary searches for high-quality Chinese literature were performed in databases such as CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP Chinese Science Journals Database. Two reviewers independently went through the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the risk of bias assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0. By utilizing R 4.2.3 RStudio software and the GeMTC package, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to assess the improvement in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores under a variety of non-pharmacological interventions. Results A total of 22 RCTs involving 2,111 patients and 14 different non-pharmacological treatments were included. These interventions were transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), reminiscence therapy (RT), remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), physical fitness training (PFT), intensive patient care program (IPCP), moderate-intensity continuous training + high-intensity interval training (MICT + HIIT), medium intensity continuous training (MICT), grip training (GT), acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive rehabilitation training (CRT), high pressure oxygen (HPO), moxibustion, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The results of the network meta-analysis indicated that rTMS had the highest likelihood of being the most effective intervention for improving MMSE and MoCA scores. Conclusion The evidence from this study suggests that rTMS holds promise for improving MMSE and MoCA scores in patients with cognitive impairment following ischemic stroke. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm and validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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12
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Jin K, Chen B, Han S, Dong J, Cheng S, Qin B, Lu J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves Cognitive Impairment and Intestinal Microecological Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0384. [PMID: 38826566 PMCID: PMC11140411 DOI: 10.34133/research.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown effectiveness in both weight loss and cognitive improvement, although the exact mechanism is still unknown. Our study examined the effects of rTMS on the brain and intestinal microecological dysfunction. rTMS successfully reduced cognitive decline caused by an HFD in behavioral assessments involving the Y maze and novel object recognition. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of new neurons and the transcription level of genes related to synaptic plasticity (spindlin 1, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic protein-95) in the hippocampus. It was reached that rTMS decreased the release of high mobility group box 1, activation of microglia, and inflammation in the brains of HFD rats. rTMS also reduced hypothalamic hypocretin levels and improved peripheral blood lipid metabolism. In addition, rTMS recovered the HFD-induced gut microbiome imbalances, metabolic disorders, and, in particular, reduced levels of the microvirus. Our research emphasized that rTMS enhanced cognitive abilities, resulting in positive impacts on brain inflammation, neurodegeneration, and the microbiota in the gut, indicating the potential connection between the brain and gut, proposing that rTMS could be a new approach to addressing cognitive deficits linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Jingyi Dong
- School of Life Sciences,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bin Qin
- School of Life Sciences,
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
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13
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Yang F, Guo J, Kang N, Yu X, Ma Y. rESWT promoted angiogenesis via Bach1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11733. [PMID: 38777838 PMCID: PMC11111732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have established that rESWT fosters angiogenesis, yet the mechanism by which rESWT promotes cerebral angiogenesis remains elusive. rESWT stimulated HUVECs proliferation as evidenced by the CCK-8 test, with an optimal dosage of 2.0 Bar, 200 impulses, and 2 Hz. The tube formation assay of HUVECs revealed that tube formation peaked at 36 h post-rESWT treatment, concurrent with the lowest expression level of Bach1, as detected by both Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression level of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and VEGF also peaked at 36 h. A Bach1 overexpression plasmid was transfected into HUVECs, resulting in a decreased expression level of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and VEGF. Upon treatment with rESWT, the down-regulation of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and VEGF expression in the transfected cells was reversed. The Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor DKK-1 was utilized to suppress Wnt3a and β-catenin expression, which led to a concurrent decrease in VEGF expression. However, rESWT treatment could restore the expression of these three proteins, even in the presence of DKK-1. Moreover, in the established OGD model, it was observed that rESWT could inhibit the overexpression of Bach1 and enhance VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression under the OGD environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Institute of Meta-Synthesis Medicine, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuewen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Wang Y, Tan Q, Pan M, Yu J, Wu S, Tu W, Li M, Jiang S. Minimally invasive vagus nerve stimulation modulates mast cell degranulation via the microbiota-gut-brain axis to ameliorate blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier damage following ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112030. [PMID: 38603861 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a significant role in various diseases, and their activation and degranulation can trigger inflammatory responses and barrier damage. Several studies have indicated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts ameliorates neurological injury, and regulates gut MC degranulation. However, there is limited research on the modulatory effect of VNS on MCs in both the gut and brain in brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in this process. We aim to develop a minimally invasive, targeted and convenient VNS approach to assess the impact of VNS and to clarify the relationship between VNS and MCs on the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. We utilized middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/r) to induce brain I/R injury. After the experiment, the motor function and neurofunctional impairments of the rats were detected, and the gastrointestinal function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and intestinal barrier damage, and systemic and local inflammation were evaluated by Nissl, TTC staining, Evans blue, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, western blot assays, ELISA, and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Our research confirmed that our minimally invasive VNS method is a novel approach for stimulating the vagus nerve. VNS alleviated motor deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction while also suppressing intestinal and neuroinflammation. Additionally, VNS ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats. Furthermore, our analysis indicated that VNS reduces chymase secretion by modulating MCs degranulation and improves intestinal and BBB damage. Our results showed that VNS treatment can alleviate the damage of BBB and colonic barrier after cerebral I/R by modulating mast cell degranulation, and alleviates systemic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Mingdong Pan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Shaoqi Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Center, International Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation in Zhejiang Province, The Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Rehabilitation Research, China.
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15
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Dawson J, Abdul-Rahim AH, Kimberley TJ. Neurostimulation for treatment of post-stroke impairments. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:259-268. [PMID: 38570705 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurostimulation, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of the nervous system, is now commonly used for the treatment of chronic pain, movement disorders and epilepsy. Many neurostimulation techniques have now shown promise for the treatment of physical impairments in people with stroke. In 2021, vagus nerve stimulation was approved by the FDA as an adjunct to intensive rehabilitation therapy for the treatment of chronic upper extremity deficits after ischaemic stroke. In 2024, pharyngeal electrical stimulation was conditionally approved by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for neurogenic dysphagia in people with stroke who have a tracheostomy. Many other approaches have also been tested in pivotal device trials and a number of approaches are in early-phase study. Typically, neurostimulation techniques aim to increase neuroplasticity in response to training and rehabilitation, although the putative mechanisms of action differ and are not fully understood. Neurostimulation techniques offer a number of practical advantages for use after stroke, such as precise dosing and timing, but can be invasive and costly to implement. This Review focuses on neurostimulation techniques that are now in clinical use or that have reached the stage of pivotal trials and show considerable promise for the treatment of post-stroke impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Dawson
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Azmil H Abdul-Rahim
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Teresa J Kimberley
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Galanis C, Neuhaus L, Hananeia N, Turi Z, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. Axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties determine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation threshold for plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1374555. [PMID: 38638302 PMCID: PMC11025360 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1374555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Standardizing stimulus parameters, specifically electric field strength, is crucial in experimental and clinical settings. It enables meaningful comparisons across studies and facilitates the translation of findings into clinical practice. However, the impact of biophysical properties inherent to the stimulated neurons and networks on the outcome of rTMS protocols remains not well understood. Consequently, achieving standardization of biological effects across different brain regions and subjects poses a significant challenge. Methods This study compared the effects of 10 Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures from mice and rats, providing insights into the impact of the same stimulation protocol on similar neuronal networks under standardized conditions. Results We observed the previously described plastic changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength of CA1 pyramidal neurons in both mouse and rat tissue cultures, but a higher stimulation intensity was required for the induction of rMS-induced synaptic plasticity in rat tissue cultures. Through systematic comparison of neuronal structural and functional properties and computational modeling, we found that morphological parameters of CA1 pyramidal neurons alone are insufficient to explain the observed differences between the groups. Although morphologies of mouse and rat CA1 neurons showed no significant differences, simulations confirmed that axon morphologies significantly influence individual cell activation thresholds. Notably, differences in intrinsic cellular properties were sufficient to account for the 10% higher intensity required for the induction of synaptic plasticity in the rat tissue cultures. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the critical importance of axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties in predicting the plasticity effects of rTMS, carrying valuable implications for the development of computer models aimed at predicting and standardizing the biological effects of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Neuhaus
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Hananeia
- 3R-Zentrum Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zsolt Turi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- 3R-Zentrum Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Liu L, Hu H, Wu J, Koleske AJ, Chen H, Wang N, Yu K, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Integrin α3 is required for high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced glutamatergic synaptic transmission in mice with ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14498. [PMID: 37867481 PMCID: PMC11017422 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapy in post-stroke motor recovery. However, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS regulates long-lasting changes with synaptic transmission and glutamate receptors function (including AMPARs or NMDARs) remains unclear. METHODS Mice were received 10-Hz rTMS treatment once daily on the third day after photothrombotic (PT) stroke for 18 days. Motor behaviors and the Western blot were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS in the mice with PT model. Moreover, we used wild-type (WT) and NEX-α3-/- mice to further explore the 10-Hz rTMS effect. RESULTS We found that 10-Hz rTMS improved the post-stroke motor performance in the PT mice. Moreover, the levels of AMPAR, vGlut1, and integrin α3 in the peri-infarct were significantly increased in the rTMS group. In contrast, 10-Hz rTMS did not induce these aforementioned effects in NEX-α3-/- mice. The amplitude of AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and evoked EPSCs was increased in the WT + rTMS group, but did not change in NEX-α3-/- mice with rTMS. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 10-Hz rTMS improved the glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the peri-infract cortex through effects on integrin α3 and AMPARs, which resulted in motor function recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Han Hu
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hongting Chen
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Cai M, Zhang JL, Wang XJ, Cai KR, Li SY, Du XL, Wang LY, Yang RY, Han J, Hu JY, Lyu J. Clinical application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in improving functional impairments post-stroke: review of the current evidence and potential challenges. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1419-1428. [PMID: 38102519 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the stroke incidence has been increasing year by year, and the related sequelae after stroke, such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and post-stroke depression, seriously affect the patient's rehabilitation and daily activities. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a safe, non-invasive, and effective new rehabilitation method, has been widely recognized in clinical practice. This article reviews the application and research progress of rTMS in treating different functional impairments (cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, unilateral spatial neglect, depression) after stroke in recent years, and preliminary summarized the possible mechanisms. It has been found that the key parameters that determine the effectiveness of rTMS in improving post-stroke functional impairments include pulse number, stimulated brain areas, stimulation intensity and frequency, as well as duration. Generally, high-frequency stimulation is used to excite the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, while low-frequency stimulation is used to inhibit the contralateral cerebral cortex, thus achieving a balance of excitability between the two hemispheres. However, the specific mechanisms and the optimal stimulation mode for different functional impairments have not yet reached a consistent conclusion, and more research is needed to explore and clarify the best way to use rTMS. Furthermore, we will identify the issues and challenges in the current research, explore possible mechanisms to deepen understanding of rTMS, propose future research directions, and offer insightful insights for better clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Medical Research and Education Department, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, 201615, China
| | - Ke-Ren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shu-Yao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xin-Lin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jia Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jing-Yun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jie Lyu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Zhang LY, Hu YY, Liu XY, Wang XY, Li SC, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Role of Astrocytic Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2270-2282. [PMID: 37870679 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity rate of ischemic stroke is increasing annually with the growing aging population in China. Astrocytes are ubiquitous glial cells in the brain and play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism. Increasing evidence shows that the impairment or loss of astrocytes contributes to neuronal dysfunction during cerebral ischemic injury. The mitochondrion is increasingly recognized as a key player in regulating astrocyte function. Changes in astrocytic mitochondrial function appear to be closely linked to the homeostasis imbalance defects in glutamate metabolism, Ca2+ regulation, fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and copper regulation. Here, we discuss the role of astrocytic mitochondria in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic injury and their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Shen XY, Zhang XY, Han PP, Zhao YN, Xu GH, Bi X. Mechanisms of intermittent theta-burst stimulation attenuating nerve injury after ischemic reperfusion in rats through endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:377. [PMID: 38427114 PMCID: PMC10907498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) exerts neuroprotective effects early in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Intermittent theta-brust stimulation (iTBS), a more time-efficient modality of rTMS, improves the efficiency without at least decreasing the efficacy of the therapy. iTBS elevates cortical excitability, and in recent years it has become increasingly common to apply iTBS to patients in the early post-IS period. However, little is known about the neuroprotective mechanisms of iTBS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and ferroptosis have been shown to be involved in the development of I/R injury. We aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms by which iTBS attenuates neurological injury after I/R in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group, MCAO/R group, and MCAO/R + iTBS group, and were stimulated with iTBS 36 h after undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham-operated. The expression of ERS, ferroptosis, and apoptosis-related markers was subsequently detected by western blot assays. We also investigated the mechanism by which iTBS attenuates nerve injury after ischemic reperfusion in rats by using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and the balance beam test to measure nerve function. RESULTS iTBS performed early in I/R injury attenuated the levels of ERS, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, and improved neurological function, including mNSS and balance beam experiments. It is suggested that this mode of stimulation reduces the cost per treatment by several times without compromising the efficacy of the treatment and could be a practical and less costly intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhang
- Graduate School of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hui Xu
- Huadong Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Jing'an District, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Selim MK, Harel M, De Santis S, Perini I, Sommer WH, Heilig M, Zangen A, Canals S. Repetitive deep TMS in alcohol dependent patients halts progression of white matter changes in early abstinence. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:176-185. [PMID: 38085120 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent form of addiction, with a great burden on society and limited treatment options. A recent clinical trial reported significant clinical benefits of deep transcranial magnetic stimulations (Deep TMS) targeting midline frontocortical areas. However, the underlying biological substrate remained elusive. Here, we report the effect of Deep TMS on the microstructure of white matter. METHODS A total of 37 (14 females) AUD treatment-seeking patients were randomized to sham or active Deep TMS. Twenty (six females) age-matched healthy controls were included. White matter integrity was evaluated by fractional anisotropy (FA). Secondary measures included brain functional connectivity and self-reports of craving and drinking units in the 3 months of follow-up period. RESULTS White matter integrity was compromised in patients with AUD relative to healthy controls, as reflected by the widespread reduction in FA. This alteration progressed during early abstinence (3 weeks) in the absence of Deep TMS. However, stimulation of midline frontocortical areas arrested the progression of FA changes in association with decreased craving and relapse scores. Reconstruction of axonal tracts from white-matter regions showing preserved FA values identified cortical regions in the posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices where functional connectivity was persistently modulated. These effects were absent in the sham-stimulated group. CONCLUSIONS By integrating brain structure and function to characterize the alcohol-dependent brain, this study provides mechanistic insights into the TMS effect, pointing to myelin plasticity as a possible mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kotb Selim
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Maayan Harel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Silvia De Santis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Irene Perini
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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Zhu Y, Huang H, Chen Z, Tao Y, Liao LY, Gao SH, Wang YJ, Gao CY. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Attenuates Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer's Disease-Type Pathologies via ISCA1-Mediated Mitochondrial Modulation in APP/PS1 Mice. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:182-200. [PMID: 37578635 PMCID: PMC10838862 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a time-saving and cost-effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regime, has been shown to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism underlying iTBS-induced cognitive enhancement remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that mitochondrial functions are modulated by magnetic stimulation. Here, we showed that iTBS upregulates the expression of iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1, an essential regulatory factor for mitochondrial respiration) in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that iTBS modulates mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly to facilitate mitochondrial respiration and function, which is required for ISCA1. Moreover, iTBS rescues cognitive decline and attenuates AD-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. The present study uncovers a novel mechanism by which iTBS modulates mitochondrial respiration and function via ISCA1-mediated iron-sulfur cluster assembly to alleviate cognitive impairments and pathologies in AD. We provide the mechanistic target of iTBS that warrants its therapeutic potential for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Special Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ling-Yi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shi-Hao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Yuan Q, Lei Y, Yu K, Wu J, Xu Z, Wen C, Liu Y, Wang W, He J. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine attenuate astroglial activation and benefit behaviours in a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model of depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:82-94. [PMID: 37942712 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2279958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been considered as an effective antidepressant treatment; however, the mechanism of its antidepressant effect is still unclear. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, may be neuroprotective. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying possible neuroprotective mechanism of rTMS and fluoxetine on abnormal behaviours in a depressive mouse model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).Methods: After 28 days of CUMS exposure, mice were chronically treated with rTMS (10 Hz for 5 s per train, total 20 trains per day) and (or) fluoxetine (5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 28 days targeting on the frontal cortex. After the behavioural tests, the protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were measured by immunohistochemistry and (or) Western Blot.Results: The results showed rTMS and (or) fluoxetine attenuated the locomotion decrease, anxiety and depressive like behaviours in the CUMS-exposed mice.Conclusion: Our results suggest that both rTMS and fluoxetine could benefit the CUMS-induced abnormal behaviours including depressive-like behaviours, and the beneficial effects of rTMS as well as fluoxetine on depression might be partly related to their neuroprotective effect on attenuating astroglial activation and BDNF decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfa Yuan
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xian Yue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuying Lei
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhizhong Xu
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xian Yue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunyan Wen
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xian Yue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen Xian Yue Hospital, Xian Yue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jue He
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Luo X, Wan T, Ding Z, Hou X, Wang J, Guo Q, Song Z. Activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of rats participates in the chronification of trigeminal neuralgia. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:21-28. [PMID: 38615162 PMCID: PMC11017030 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The activation of astrocytes is an important process in the formation of chronic pain. This study aims to observe the activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn in the rat model of trigeminal neuralgia, and to explore the mechanism of central sensitization caused by A1 reactive astrocyte. METHODS The adult male rats were randomly divided into a sham group and a chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) group. The facial mechanical pain threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured before the operation and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th day after the operation. After pain behavior observation, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the medullary dorsal horn was observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence colocalization of GFAP, complement 3 (C3)/S100A10, and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was analyzed. Primary astrocytes were cultured and randomly divided into a naive group and a DHK group. The DHK group was treated with 1 mmol/L of astrocyte activation inhibitor dihydrokainic acid (DHK). Fura-2/AM was used to stain the astrocytes and the calcium wave of the 2 groups under the stimulation of high potassium was recorded and compared. The expression of C3 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The facial mechanical pain threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of the ION-CCI group were significantly lower than those of the sham group (both P<0.05). There were a large number of GFAP positive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of the ION-CCI group. The fluorescence intensity of GFAP in the ION-CCI group was higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05). GFAP and C3/S100A10 were co-expressed in astrocytes. Compared with the sham group, the fluorescence intensity of C3 and the protein expression of C3 in the ION-CCI group were increased (both P<0.05). The expression of C3 in ION-CCI group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the naive group, the C3 protein expression was significantly decreased in the DHK group (P<0.05). The intensity of calcium fluorescence was increased after high potassium stimulation in both groups. Furthermore, the peak and increase amplitude of calcium fluorescence in the naive group were much higher than those in the DHK group (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of trigeminal neuralgia model rats are increased significantly, which may participate in central sensitization of trigeminal neuralgia by impacting astrocyte calcium wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Tong Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinran Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Ferreira SA, Pinto N, Serrenho I, Pato MV, Baltazar G. Contribution of glial cells to the neuroprotective effects triggered by repetitive magnetic stimulation: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:116-123. [PMID: 37488852 PMCID: PMC10479834 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been increasingly studied in different neurological diseases, and although most studies focus on its effects on neuronal cells, the contribution of non-neuronal cells to the improvement triggered by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in these diseases has been increasingly suggested. To systematically review the effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells two online databases, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for the effects of high-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, low-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, continuous theta-burst stimulation, or repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells in models of disease and in unlesioned animals or cells. A total of 52 studies were included. The protocol more frequently used was high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation, and in models of disease, most studies report that high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation led to a decrease in astrocyte and microglial reactivity, a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an increase of oligodendrocyte proliferation. The trend towards decreased microglial and astrocyte reactivity as well as increased oligodendrocyte proliferation occurred with intermittent theta-burst stimulation and continuous theta-burst stimulation. Few papers analyzed the low-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, and the parameters evaluated were restricted to the study of astrocyte reactivity and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reporting the absence of effects on these parameters. In what concerns the use of magnetic stimulation in unlesioned animals or cells, most articles on all four types of stimulation reported a lack of effects. It is also important to point out that the studies were developed mostly in male rodents, not evaluating possible differential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation between sexes. This systematic review supports that through modulation of glial cells repetitive magnetic stimulation contributes to the neuroprotection or repair in various neurological disease models. However, it should be noted that there are still few articles focusing on the impact of repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells and most studies did not perform in-depth analyses of the effects, emphasizing the need for more studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Pinto
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- GRUBI-Systematic Reviews Group, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Inês Serrenho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Vaz Pato
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- GRUBI-Systematic Reviews Group, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Graça Baltazar
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Yang T, Li X, Xia P, Wang X, Lu J, Wang L. Effects of rTMS combined with rPMS on stroke patients with arm paralysis after contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer: a case-series. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:999-1007. [PMID: 35094616 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2032044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of rTMS combined with rPMS on stroke patients with arm paralysis after CSCNTS. METHODS A case-series of four stroke patients with arm paralysis, ages ranging from 39 to 51 years, that underwent CSCNTS was conducted. Patients were treated with 10 HZ rTMS on the contralesional primary motor cortex combined with 20 HZ rPMS on groups of elbow and wrist muscles for 15 days. RESULTS The muscle tone of elbow flexor muscle (EFM), elbow extensor muscle (EEM), wrist flexor muscle (WFM) and flexor digitorum (FD) reduced immediately after operation followed by increasing gradually. After rehabilitation, the muscle tone of EEM and EFM reduced by 14% and 11%, respectively. There was a 13% and 45% change ratio in WFM and FD. The numeric rating scale (mean = 5.75 ± 1.71) was significantly lower (mean = 3.25 ± 1.90, t = 8.66, p = .00). Grip and pinch strength (mean = 23.65 ± 4.91; mean = 4.9 ± 0.59) were significantly higher (mean = 34.63 ± 5.23, t = -61.07, p = .00; mean = 7.1 ± 0.73, t = -13.91, p = .00). CONCLUSIONS The rehabilitation of stroke patients with arm paralysis after CSCNTS is a long, complicated process which includes great change of neuropathic pain, muscle tone, and muscle strength. In order to enhance the neural connection between the contralesional hemisphere and the hemiplegic limb, alleviate postoperative complications, as well as accelerate the rehabilitation process, we can consider to use rTMS combined with rPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Natale G, Colella M, De Carluccio M, Lelli D, Paffi A, Carducci F, Apollonio F, Palacios D, Viscomi MT, Liberti M, Ghiglieri V. Astrocyte Responses Influence Local Effects of Whole-Brain Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Rats. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 37700489 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive glutamatergic transmission in the striatum is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. Astrocytes maintain glutamate homeostasis, protecting from excitotoxicity through the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), whose alterations have been reported in PD. Noninvasive brain stimulation using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) acts on striatal neurons and glia, inducing neuromodulatory effects and functional recovery in experimental parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE Because PD is associated with altered astrocyte function, we hypothesized that acute iTBS, known to rescue striatal glutamatergic transmission, exerts regional- and cell-specific effects through modulation of glial functions. METHODS 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were exposed to acute iTBS, and the areas predicted to be more responsive by a biophysical, hyper-realistic computational model that faithfully reconstructs the experimental setting were analyzed. The effects of iTBS on glial cells and motor behavior were evaluated by molecular and morphological analyses, and CatWalk and Stepping test, respectively. RESULTS As predicted by the model, the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum displayed a marked c-FOS activation after iTBS, with the striatum showing specific morphological and molecular changes in the astrocytes, decreased phospho-CREB levels, and recovery of GLAST. Striatal-dependent motor performances were also significantly improved. CONCLUSION These data uncover an unknown iTBS effect on astrocytes, advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in TMS-mediated functional recovery. Data on numerical dosimetry, obtained with a degree of anatomical details never before considered and validated by the biological findings, provide a framework to predict the electric-field induced in different specific brain areas and associate it with functional and molecular changes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Colella
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Carluccio
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vitorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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Ma SJ, Li C, Yan C, Liu N, Jiang GY, Yang HR, Yan HC, Li JY, Liu HL, Gao C. Melatonin alleviates early brain injury by inhibiting the NRF2-mediated ferroptosis pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:555-570. [PMID: 37717795 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that plays a critical role in the pathological and physiological processes of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Melatonin, as the most potent endogenous antioxidant, has shown strong protective effects against pathological changes following subarachnoid hemorrhage, but its impact on ferroptosis induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage remains unexplored. In our study, we established a subarachnoid hemorrhage model in male SD rats. We found that subarachnoid hemorrhage induced changes in ferroptosis-related indicators such as lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism, while intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (40 mg/kg) effectively ameliorated these changes to a certain degree. Moreover, in a subset of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage who received pre-treatment via intravenous injection of the melatonin receptor antagonist Luzindole (1 mg/kg) and 4P-PDOT (1 mg/kg), we found that the protective effect of melatonin against subarachnoid hemorrhage includes inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reduction of iron accumulation depended on melatonin receptor 1B (MT2). Furthermore, our study demonstrated that melatonin inhibited neuronal ferroptosis by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, as evidenced by in vivo inhibition of NRF2. In summary, melatonin acts through MT2 and activates NRF2 and downstream genes such as HO-1/NQO1 to inhibit ferroptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced neuronal injury, thereby improving neurological function in rats. These results suggest that melatonin is a promising therapeutic target for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ji Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guang-You Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Rui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao-Chen Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Yi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huai-Lei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Galanis C, Neuhaus L, Hananeia N, Turi Z, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. Axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties determine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation threshold for plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559399. [PMID: 37808716 PMCID: PMC10557586 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Standardizing stimulus parameters, specifically electric field strength and direction, is crucial in experimental and clinical settings. It enables meaningful comparisons across studies and facilitating the translation of findings into clinical practice. However, the impact of biophysical properties inherent to the stimulated neurons and networks on the outcome of rTMS protocols remains not well understood. Consequently, achieving standardization of biological effects across different brain regions and subjects poses a significant challenge. This study compared the effects of 10 Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures from mice and rats, providing insights into the impact of the same stimulation protocol on similar neuronal networks under standardized conditions. We observed the previously described plastic changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength of CA1 pyramidal neurons in both mouse and rat tissue cultures, but a higher stimulation intensity was required for the induction of rMS-induced synaptic plasticity in rat tissue cultures. Through systematic comparison of neuronal structural and functional properties and computational modeling, we found that morphological parameters of CA1 pyramidal neurons alone are insufficient to explain the observed differences between the groups. However, axon morphologies of individual cells played a significant role in determining activation thresholds. Notably, differences in intrinsic cellular properties were sufficient to account for the 10 % higher intensity required for the induction of synaptic plasticity in the rat tissue cultures. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties in predicting the plasticity effects of rTMS, carrying valuable implications for the development of computer models aimed at predicting and standardizing the biological effects of rTMS.
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Huang H, Zhu Y, Liao L, Gao S, Tao Y, Fang X, Lian Y, Gao C. The long-term effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on Alzheimer's disease-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110735. [PMID: 37586425 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an emerging and highly efficient paradigm of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has been demonstrated to mitigate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Previous clinical studies have shown that the cognitive improvement of iTBS could last several weeks after treatment. Nonetheless, it is largely uncertain how the long-term effects of iTBS treatment are sustained. To investigate whether iTBS has a long-term effect on AD-type pathologies, 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice are administrated with 30 consecutive days of iTBS treatment. After a 2-month interval, morphological alterations in the brain are examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, while levels of associated proteins are assessed by Western blot at the age of 9 months. We find that iTBS treatment significantly diminishes Aβ burden in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, we observe that iTBS treatment inhibits the expression of BACE1 and elevates the level of IDE, suggesting that the reduction of Aβ load could be attributed to the inhibition of Aβ production and facilitation of Aβ degradation. Furthermore, iTBS treatment attenuates neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic loss in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, these data indicate that 1 month of iTBS treatment ameliorates pathologies in the brain of AD mice for at least 2 months. We provide the novel evidence that iTBS may exert after-effects on AD-type pathologies via inhibition of Aβ production and facilitation of Aβ degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lingyi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shihao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiangqin Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yan Lian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Changyue Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Hu S, Wang X, Yang X, Ouyang S, Pan X, Fu Y, Wu S. Long-term iTBS Improves Neural Functional Recovery by Reducing the Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis Via miR-34c-5p/p53/Bax Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Ischemic Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 527:37-51. [PMID: 37468029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) effect on ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism of neurorehabilitation, we developed an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/r) method. Next, using different behavioral studies, we compared the improvement of the whole organism with and without iTBS administration for 28 days. We further explored the morphological and molecular biological alterations associated with neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation by TTC staining, HE staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, small RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and western blot assays. The results showed that iTBS significantly protected against neurological deficits and neurological damage induced by cerebral I/R injury. iTBS also significantly decreased brain infarct volume and increased the number of surviving neurons after 28 days. Additionally, it was observed that iTBS decreased synaptic loss, suppressed activation of astrocytes and M1-polarized microglia, and simultaneously promoted M2-polarized microglial activation. Furthermore, iTBS intervention inhibited neuronal apoptosis and exerted a positive impact on the neuronal microenvironment by reducing neuroinflammation in cerebral I/R injured rats. To further investigate the iTBS mechanism, this study was conducted using small RNA transcriptome sequencing of various groups of peri-infarcted tissues. Bioinformatics analysis and RT-PCR discovered the possible involvement of miR-34c-5p in the mechanism of action. The target genes prediction and detection of dual-luciferase reporter genes confirmed that miR-34c-5p could inhibit neuronal apoptosis in cerebral I/R injured rats by regulating the p53/Bax signaling pathway. We also confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting that miR-34c-5p inhibited Bax expression. In conclusion, our study supports that iTBS is vital in inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in cerebral I/R injured rats by mediating the miR-34c-5p involvement in regulating the p53/Bax signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxing Hu
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianbin Wang
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianglian Yang
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingxue Fu
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Wang N, Jia Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Zhou H, Xiao N. Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Pallidum GABAergic Neurons and Motor Function in Rat Models of Kernicterus. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1252. [PMID: 37759853 PMCID: PMC10526431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernicterus is a serious complication of hyperbilirubinemia, caused by neuronal injury due to excessive unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in specific brain areas. This injury induced by this accumulation in the globus pallidus can induce severe motor dysfunction. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rTMS on pallidal nerve damage and motor dysfunction in a rat model of kernicterus. Rats were divided into a sham group (n = 16), a model group (bilirubin with sham rTMS; n = 16) and an rTMS group (bilirubin with rTMS; n = 16). High-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) was applied starting from 24 h postmodeling for 7 days. The rotarod test, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure motor function and protein expression levels. The rTMS mitigated the negative effects of UCB on the general health of kernicterus-model rats and improved their growth and development. Furthermore, the rTMS alleviated UCB-induced motor dysfunction and increased the expression of GABAergic neuronal marker GAD67 in the globus pallidus. Notably, it also inhibited apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, rTMS could alleviate motor dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing globus pallidus GAD67 in kernicterus rat models, indicating that it may be a promising treatment for kernicterus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (N.W.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
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Zhou L, Jin Y, Wu D, Cun Y, Zhang C, Peng Y, Chen N, Yang X, Zhang S, Ning R, Kuang P, Wang Z, Zhang P. Current evidence, clinical applications, and future directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177283. [PMID: 37534033 PMCID: PMC10390744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain neurostimulation technique that can be used as one of the adjunctive treatment techniques for neurological recovery after stroke. Animal studies have shown that TMS treatment of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model reduced cerebral infarct volume and improved neurological dysfunction in model rats. In addition, clinical case reports have also shown that TMS treatment has positive neuroprotective effects in stroke patients, improving a variety of post-stroke neurological deficits such as motor function, swallowing, cognitive function, speech function, central post-stroke pain, spasticity, and other post-stroke sequelae. However, even though numerous studies have shown a neuroprotective effect of TMS in stroke patients, its possible neuroprotective mechanism is not clear. Therefore, in this review, we describe the potential mechanisms of TMS to improve neurological function in terms of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis, and provide insight into the current clinical application of TMS in multiple neurological dysfunctions in stroke. Finally, some of the current challenges faced by TMS are summarized and some suggestions for its future research directions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yaju Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yongdan Cun
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yicheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xichen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Simei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zuhong Wang
- Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Li J, Xu P, Hong Y, Xie Y, Peng M, Sun R, Guo H, Zhang X, Zhu W, Wang J, Liu X. Lipocalin-2-mediated astrocyte pyroptosis promotes neuroinflammatory injury via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:148. [PMID: 37353794 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a vital pathophysiological process during ischemic stroke. Activated astrocytes play a major role in inflammation. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), secreted by activated astrocytes, promotes neuroinflammation. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that has emerged as a new area of research in stroke. Nevertheless, the potential role of LCN2 in astrocyte pyroptosis remains unclear. METHODS An ischemic stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo. In this study, in vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (O/R) were applied to cultured astrocytes. 24p3R (the LCN2 receptor) was inhibited by astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV-GFAP-24p3Ri). MCC950 and Nigericin sodium salt (Nig) were used to inhibit or promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pharmacologically, respectively. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to assess astrocyte and neuron death. Additionally, the neurological deficits of mice were evaluated. RESULTS LCN2 expression was significantly induced in astrocytes 24 h after stroke onset in the mouse MCAO model. Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2-/-) mice exhibited reduced infarct volume and improved neurological and cognitive functions after MCAO. LCN2 and its receptor 24p3R were colocalized in astrocytes. Mechanistically, suppression of 24p3R by AAV-GFAP-24p3Ri alleviated pyroptosis-related pore formation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines via LCN2, which was then reversed by Nig-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Astrocyte pyroptosis was exacerbated in Lcn2-/- mice by intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant LCN2 (rLCN2), while this aggravation was restricted by blocking 24p3R or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with MCC950. CONCLUSION LCN2/24p3R mediates astrocyte pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Dong L, Chen WC, Su H, Wang ML, Du C, Jiang XR, Mei SF, Chen SJ, Liu XJ, Liu XB. Intermittent theta burst stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves cognitive function in polydrug use disorder patients: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1156149. [PMID: 37304431 PMCID: PMC10248467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polydrug abuse is common among opioid users. Individuals who use both heroin and methamphetamine (MA) have been shown to experience a wide range of cognitive deficits. Previous research shows that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can change cerebral cortical excitability and regulate neurotransmitter concentration, which could improve cognitive function in drug addiction. However, the stimulation time, location, and possible mechanisms of rTMS are uncertain. Methods 56 patients with polydrug use disorder were randomized to receive 20 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS (n = 19), iTBS (n = 19), or sham iTBS (n = 18) to the left DLPFC. All patients used MA and heroin concurrently. Cognitive function was assessed and several related proteins including EPI, GABA-Aα5, IL-10, etc. were quantified by ELISA before and after the treatment. Results Baseline RBANS scores were lower than normal for age (77.25; IQR 71.5-85.5). After 20 treatment sessions, in the iTBS group, the RBANS score increased by 11.95 (95% CI 0.02-13.90, p = 0.05). In particular, there were improvements in memory and attention as well as social cognition. Following treatment, serum EPI and GABA-Aα5 were reduced and IL-10 was elevated. The improvement of immediate memory was negatively correlated with GABA-Aα5 (r = -0.646, p = 0.017), and attention was positively correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.610, p = 0.027). In the 10 Hz rTMS group, the improvement of the RBANS total score (80.21 ± 14.08 before vs.84.32 ± 13.80 after) and immediate memory (74.53 ± 16.65 before vs.77.53 ± 17.78 after) was statistically significant compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). However, compared with the iTBS group, the improvement was small and the difference was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant change in the sham group (78.00 ± 12.91 before vs.79.89 ± 10.92 after; p > 0.05). Conclusion Intermittent theta burst stimulation to the left DLPFC may improve cognitive function in polydrug use disorder patients. Its efficacy appears to be better than that of 10 Hz rTMS. The improvement of cognitive function may be related to GABA-Aα5 and IL-10. Our findings preliminarily demonstrate the clinical value of iTBS to the DLPFC to augment neurocognitive recovery in polydrug use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Cai Chen
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cong Du
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing-ren Jiang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shu-fang Mei
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Chen
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Liu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Bing Liu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Pang QM, Zhang Q, Wu XC, Yang RL, Fu SP, Fan ZH, Liu J, Yu LM, Peng JC, Zhang T. Mechanism of M2 macrophages modulating astrocyte polarization through the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt pathway. Immunol Lett 2023; 259:1-8. [PMID: 37244460 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that activated astrocytes (AS) are divided into two distinct types, termed A1 and A2. A2 astrocytes are neuroprotective and promote tissue repair and regeneration following spinal cord injury. Whereas, the specific mechanism for the formation of the A2 phenotype remains unclear. This study focused on the PI3K/Akt pathway and examined whether TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages could mediate A2 polarization by activating this pathway. In this study, we revealed that both M2 macrophages and their conditioned medium (M2-CM) could facilitate the secretion of IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β from AS, and this effect was significantly reversed after the administration of SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor inhibitor) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, immunofluorescence results demonstrated that TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages could facilitate the expression of A2 biomarker S100A10 in AS; combined with the results of western blot, it was found that this effect was closely related to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in AS. In conclusion, TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages may induce the conversion of AS to the A2 phenotype through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang-Chong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia-Chen Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Sheng R, Chen C, Chen H, Yu P. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke rehabilitation: insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197422. [PMID: 37283739 PMCID: PMC10239808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with most survivors reporting dysfunctions of motor, sensation, deglutition, cognition, emotion, and speech, etc. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), one of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, is able to modulate neural excitability of brain regions and has been utilized in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown that the rTMS presents positive effects on function recovery of stroke patients. In this review, we would like to summarized the clinical benefits of rTMS for stroke rehabilitation, including improvements of motor impairment, dysphagia, depression, cognitive function, and central post-stroke pain. In addition, this review will also discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation, especially immune regulatory mechanisms, such as regulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the neuroimaging technique as an important tool in rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation has been discussed, to better understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of rTMS. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation are also elucidated with the intention to accelerate its widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Sheng
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Longyou, Quzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Scheinok TJ, D'Haeseleer M, Nagels G, De Bundel D, Van Schependom J. Neuronal activity and NIBS in developmental myelination and remyelination - current state of knowledge. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 226:102459. [PMID: 37127087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating central nervous system (CNS) axons. and rapid electrical transmission through saltatory conduction of action potentials. Myelination and myelin repair rely partially on oligodendrogenesis, which comprises. oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration, maturation, and differentiation into. oligodendrocytes (OL). In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination occurs due to an. inflammatory cascade with auto-reactive T-cells. When oligodendrogenesis fails, remyelination becomes aberrant and conduction impairments are no longer restored. Although current disease modifying therapies have achieved results in modulating the. faulty immune response, disease progression continues because of chronic. inflammation, neurodegeneration, and failure of remyelination. Therapies have been. tried to promote remyelination. Modulation of neuronal activity seems to be a very. promising strategy in preclinical studies. Additionally, studies in people with MS. (pwMS) have shown symptom improvement following non-invasive brain stimulation. (NIBS) techniques. The aforementioned mechanisms are yet unknown and probably. involve both the activation of neurons and glial cells. Noting neuronal activity. contributes to myelin plasticity and that NIBS modulates neuronal activity; we argue. that NIBS is a promising research horizon for demyelinating diseases. We review the. hypothesized pathways through which NIBS may affect both neuronal activity in the. CNS and how the resulting activity can affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Scheinok
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Miguel D'Haeseleer
- Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Vanheylenstraat 16, 1820 Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Queen's Lane, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Schependom
- AIMS Lab, Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
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39
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Bai YW, Yang QH, Chen PJ, Wang XQ. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172293. [PMID: 37180127 PMCID: PMC10167032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a frequent condition caused by a lesion in, or disease of, the central or peripheral somatosensory nervous system and is associated with excessive inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a supplementary treatment for NP. In clinical research, rTMS of 5-10 Hz is widely placed in the primary motor cortex (M1) area, mostly at 80%-90% RMT, and 5-10 treatment sessions could produce an optimal analgesic effect. The degree of pain relief increases greatly when stimulation duration is greater than 10 days. Analgesia induced by rTMS appears to be related to reestablishing the neuroinflammation system. This article discussed the influences of rTMS on the nervous system inflammatory responses, including the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and peripheral nerve involved in the maintenance and exacerbation of NP. rTMS has shown an anti-inflammation effect by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and BDNF, in cortical and subcortical tissues. In addition, rTMS reduces the expression of glutamate receptors (mGluR5 and NMDAR2B) and microglia and astrocyte markers (Iba1 and GFAP). Furthermore, rTMS decreases nNOS expression in ipsilateral DRGs and peripheral nerve metabolism and regulates neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Bai
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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40
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Petrovskaya A, Tverskoi A, Medvedeva A, Nazarova M. Is blood-brain barrier a probable mediator of non-invasive brain stimulation effects on Alzheimer's disease? Commun Biol 2023; 6:416. [PMID: 37059824 PMCID: PMC10104838 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no existing treatment leading to full recovery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown usually precedes the advent of first symptoms in AD and accompanies the progression of the disease. At the same time deliberate BBB opening may be beneficial for drug delivery in AD. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, primarily transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have shown multiple evidence of being able to alleviate symptoms of AD. Currently, TMS/tDCS mechanisms are mostly investigated in terms of their neuronal effects, while their possible non-neuronal effects, including mitigation of the BBB disruption, are less studied. We argue that studies of TMS/tDCS effects on the BBB in AD are necessary to boost the effectiveness of neuromodulation in AD. Moreover, such studies are important considering the safety issues of TMS/tDCS use in the advanced AD stages when the BBB is usually dramatically deteriorated. Here, we elucidate the evidence of NIBS-induced BBB opening and closing in various models from in vitro to humans, and highlight its importance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrovskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Artem Tverskoi
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Angela Medvedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, US
| | - Maria Nazarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
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41
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D'Aes T, Marlier Q, Verteneuil S, Quatresooz P, Vandenbosch R, Malgrange B. Re-Evaluating the Relevance of the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Model in Ischemic Stroke: The Example of Cdk Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087009. [PMID: 37108171 PMCID: PMC10138648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that play physiological roles in cell cycle regulation become activated in post-mitotic neurons after ischemic stroke, resulting in apoptotic neuronal death. In this article, we report our results using the widely used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro model of ischemic stroke on primary mouse cortical neurons to investigate whether Cdk7, as part of the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex that activates cell cycle Cdks, might be a regulator of ischemic neuronal death and may potentially constitute a therapeutic target for neuroprotection. We found no evidence of neuroprotection with either pharmacological or genetic invalidation of Cdk7. Despite the well-established idea that apoptosis contributes to cell death in the ischemic penumbra, we also found no evidence of apoptosis in the OGD model. This could explain the absence of neuroprotection following Cdk7 invalidation in this model. Neurons exposed to OGD seem predisposed to die in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner that could not be prevented further downstream. Given the direct exposure of neurons to anoxia or severe hypoxia, it is questionable how relevant OGD is for modeling the ischemic penumbra. Due to remaining uncertainties about cell death after OGD, caution is warranted when using this in vitro model to identify new stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine D'Aes
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Stem Cells & GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Quentin Marlier
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Stem Cells & GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Dendrogenix, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1-B34 +3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Verteneuil
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Stem Cells & GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Division of Histology, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascale Quatresooz
- Division of Histology, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Stem Cells & GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Division of Histology, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Stem Cells & GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Choung JS, Bhattacharjee S, Son JP, Kim JM, Cho DS, Cho CS, Kim M. Development and application of rTMS device to murine model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5490. [PMID: 37016000 PMCID: PMC10073209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is attracting attention as a new treatment technique for brain lesions, and many animal studies showing its effects have been reported. However, the findings of animal application researches cannot directly represent the effects of rTMS in human, mainly due to size difference and mechanistic characteristics of rTMS. Therefore, the authors purposed to develop a mouse rTMS to simulate clinical application and to confirm. Firstly, a virtual head model was created according to magnetic resonance images of murine head. Then, simulations of rTMS stimulation with different coils were performed on the murine head phantom, and an rTMS device for mice was fabricated based on the optimal voltage conditions. Lastly, strengths of magnetic fields generated by the two rTMS devices, for human (conventional clinical use) and mouse (newly fabricated), were measured in air and on mouse head and compared. Resultantly, the magnetic field intensity generated by coil of mouse was lower than human's (p < 0.01), and no differences were found between the predicted simulation values and the measured intensity in vivo (p > 0.05). Further in vivo researches using miniaturized rTMS devices for murine head should be followed to be more meaningful for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seung Choung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohom Bhattacharjee
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 76, Hanggongdaehak-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Son
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Moon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Cho
- R&D Center, Remed Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Sik Cho
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 76, Hanggongdaehak-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10540, Republic of Korea.
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Li B, Chang X, Liang X, Liu T, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Yang X, Lyu Y, Liu L, Guo J, Wu M, Gao Y, Yan X, Wang T, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Zheng J. The role of reactive astrocytes in neurotoxicity induced by ultrafine particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161416. [PMID: 36621481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that ambient fine particulate matter (PM) can cause various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Reactive astrocytes are strongly induced by ambient fine PM, although their role is poorly understood. Herein, we show that A1 reactive astrocytes (A1s) were induced by neuroinflammatory microglia activated by PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 0.2 μm (PM0.2). The activated-microglia induced A1s by secreting interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 1q, and these cytokines acting together were necessary and sufficient to induce A1s. PM0.2-induced A1s could promote synaptic damage in neurons by secreting complement 3 (C3). SB 290157, a highly selective C3aR nonpeptide antagonist, partially ameliorated glial conditioned medium-induced synaptic injury. In vitro synaptic damage was partially prevented when A1 formation was blocked by minocycline. Finally, this study showed that N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorated PM0.2-induced neural damage independent of A1 differentiation. Collectively, these findings explain why central nervous system neurons suffer synaptic damage and neuroinflammation after PM0.2 exposure and suggest that this exposure induces A1s to contribute to synaptic damage of neurons. This study indicates a potential approach for developing improved treatment of these diseases induced by particulate exposure. SYNOPSIS: PM0.2-activated neuroinflammatory microglia induced A1 reactive astrocytes (A1s) by secreting IL-1α, TNF-α, and C1q. PM0.2-induced A1s could promote synaptic damage of neuron by secreting complement 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaohan Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianquan Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - WenPing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - JinPing Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Wang C, Li L. The critical role of KLF4 in regulating the activation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes following ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:44. [PMID: 36823628 PMCID: PMC9948409 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that the expression of kruppel-like transcription factor-4 (KLF-4) is upregulated in astrocytes following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and found that KLF4 confers vascular protection against cerebral ischemic injury. However, the functional role of KLF4 in astrocyte after AIS is far from clear. METHODS The intrinsic relationship between KLF4 and A1/A2 reactive astrocytes and the impact of astrocytic KLF4 on the activation of A1/A2 subtype astrocytes were evaluated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) astrocytes. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that astrocytic KLF4 expression and complement C3-positive A1 and S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10)-positive A2 astrocytes were induced in the ischemic penumbra following focal cerebral ischemia, and the time course of upregulation of astrocytic KLF4 correlated closely with the activation of A2 astrocytes. The dual immunofluorescent studies displayed that in the ischemic hemisphere, where the high levels of KLF4 were expressed, there were relatively low levels of C3 expressed in the reactive astrocytes and vice versa, but KLF4 was always co-stained well with S100A10. Mechanistic analyses revealed that astrocytic KLF4 inhibited the activation of A1 astrocyte but promoted A2 astrocyte polarization after OGD/R by modulating expressions of nuclear factor-kB. CONCLUSIONS Astrocyte-derived KLF4 has a critical role in regulating the activation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes following AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China ,grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Longxuan Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Wu X, Wang R, Wu Q, Liao C, Zhang J, Jiao H, Chen B, Wang S, Liu R. The effects of combined high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery following stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1100464. [PMID: 36845428 PMCID: PMC9951778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Upper limb motor impairments after stroke cause patients partial or total loss of the capability of performing daily living, working, and social activities, which significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients and brings a heavy burden to their families and society. As a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can act not only on the cerebral cortex, but also on peripheral nerves, nerve roots, and muscle tissues. Previous studies have shown that magnetic stimulation on the cerebral cortex and peripheral tissues has a positive effect on the recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke, however, few studies have reported the combination of the two. Objective This study was to investigate whether high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) combined with cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation more effectively ameliorates upper limb motor function in stroke patients. We hypothesized that the combination of the two can achieve a synergistic effect and further promotes functional recovery. Methods Sixty patients with stroke were randomly divided into four groups and received real or sham rTMS stimulation and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation consecutively before other therapies, once daily over five fractions per week for a total of 15 times. We evaluated the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living of the patients at the time of pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow up. Results All patients completed study procedures without any adverse effects. The upper limb motor function and activities of daily living improved in patients of each group were improved after treatment (post 1) and 3 months after treatment (post 2). Combination treatment was significantly better than single treatments alone or sham. Conclusion Both rTMS and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation effectively promoted upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. The protocol combining the two is more beneficial for motor improvement and patients can easily tolerate it. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100048558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China,Graduate School of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Department of Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qunqiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiduo Jiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baolin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Rui Liu,
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Zhang Q, Shi S, Tang Y, Qu C, Wen S, Pan Y. Manf Enhances the Pyroptosis Inhibition of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Relieve Cerebral Infarction Injury. Neuroscience 2023; 510:109-128. [PMID: 36529294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a common disease characterized by high mortality, a narrow therapeutic window, and limited therapeutic options. Recently, cell therapy based on gene modification has brought a glimmer of hope to the treatment of cerebral infarction although the explicit underlying mechanism is beyond being well dissected. In the present study, we constructed an animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sham and MCAO groups by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore the potential cell death-related pathways involved in cerebral infarction, and transfected Manf into BMSCs by lentivirus. Subsequently, we injected BMSCs (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells), Manf-modified BMSCs, or lentivirus encoding Manf into the brain. Their effects on MANF content, apoptosis, pyroptosis, infarct volume in the brain, and neurological function were evaluated after MCAO. We found that the DEGs upregulated in four major cell clusters after MCAO and were enriched with not only apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis but also with pyroptosis-related pathways. In addition, transfection of Manf into BMSCs significantly increased the expression and secretion of MANF in BMSCs; BMSCs, Manf-modified BMSCs, and Manf treatment all resulted in an increase in Manf content in the brain, a decrease in the expression of apoptosis- and pyroptosis-related molecules, a reduction in infarct volume, and an improvement in neurological function after MCAO. Moreover, Manf-modified BMSCs have the strongest therapeutic effect. Collectively, Manf-modified BMSCs ameliorate ischemic injury after cerebral infarction by repressing apoptosis- and pyroptosis-related molecules, which represents a new cell therapy strategy for cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yushi Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Changda Qu
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shirong Wen
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yujun Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Fan Y, Huang H, Shao J, Huang W. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1061343. [PMID: 36710937 PMCID: PMC9877358 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes (AST) are abundant glial cells in the human brain, accounting for approximately 20-50% percent of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) cells. They display essential functions necessary to sustain the physiological processes of the CNS, including maintaining neuronal structure, forming the blood-brain barrier, coordinating neuronal metabolism, maintaining the extracellular environment, regulating cerebral blood flow, stabilizing intercellular communication, participating in neurotransmitter synthesis, and defending against oxidative stress et al. During the pathological development of brain tumors, stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders, astrocytes undergo a series of highly heterogeneous changes, which are called reactive astrocytes, and mediate the corresponding pathophysiological process. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of reactive astrocytes and their therapeutic relevance remain unclear. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, which play a crucial role in the pathophysiological development of CNS diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on reactive astrocytes in CNS diseases, which might provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Guo B, Zhang M, Hao W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu C. Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36624089 PMCID: PMC9829236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person to person and lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical and animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related to anxiety and depression and the evidence that neuromodulation therapies regulate neuroinflammation in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), all have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one of the reasons for mood improvement. This review provides a better understanding of the effective mechanism of neuromodulation therapies and indicates that inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a reference for the assessment of pathological conditions and treatment options in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Guo
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Wensi Hao
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yuping Wang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInstitute of sleep and consciousness disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Wang C, Zeng Q, Yuan Z, Wang W, Shen M. Effects of Low-Frequency (0.5 Hz) and High-Frequency (10 Hz) Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neurological Function, Motor Function, and Excitability of Cortex in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Neurologist 2023; 28:11-18. [PMID: 35452441 PMCID: PMC9812416 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique. The purpose of our study is to explore the effects of low-frequency (0.5 Hz) and high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS on neurological function, motor function, and excitability of cortex in Chinese ischemic stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 ischemic stroke patients were collected. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), motor-evoked potential (MEP) cortical latency, central motor conduction time (CMCT), Fugel-Meyer assessment (FMA), Berg balance scale (BBS), and modified Barthel index (MBI) scores were recorded. RESULTS After treatment, the NIHSS, mRS, MEP cortical latency, CMCT, FMA, BBS, and MBI scores of the high-frequency group and low-frequency group were significantly improved than the sham stimulation group, and the changes in the low-frequency group were more significant (adjusted P <0.05). Compared with the sham stimulation group, high-frequency stimulation reduced the NIHSS score by 9.5%, mRS score by 12.6%, MEP latency by 2.5%, and CMCT by 5.8%, and increased the upper limb FMA scale by 16.4%, lower limb FMA scale by 8.8%, BBS by 26.3%, and MBI by 9.3%, while low-frequency stimulation reduced the NIHSS score by 23.8%, mRS score by 25.3%, MEP Latency by 11.7%, and CMCT by 9.1%, and increased the upper limb FMA scale by 24.1%, lower limb FMA scale by 18.4%, BBS by 27.4%, and MBI by 23.7% in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency rTMS is better than high-frequency rTMS stimulation in improving neurological function, motor function, and excitability of cortex in ischemic stroke.
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Xie T, Shuang L, Liu G, Zhao S, Yuan Z, Cai H, Jiang L, Huang Z. Insight into the Neuroprotective Effect of Genistein-3'-Sodium Sulfonate Against Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats by Bioinformatics. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:807-819. [PMID: 36370154 PMCID: PMC9849302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only intervention approved for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), but its treatment window is narrow (within 6 h after birth), and its efficacy is not ideal. Thus, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Our previous studies showed that genistein-3'-sodium sulfonate (GSS), a derivative of genistein (Gen), has a strong neuroprotective effect in rats with ischaemic stroke, but its role in HIE is unclear. A hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) brain injury model was established in neonatal male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, rats treated with GSS were assessed for cerebral infarction, neurological function, and neuronal damage. RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis were used to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulated signalling pathways, which were subsequently validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. In this study, we found that GSS not only significantly reduced the size of brain infarcts and alleviated nerve damage in rats with HIE but also inhibited neuronal loss and degeneration in neonatal rats with HIE. A total of 2170 DEGs, of which 1102 were upregulated and 1068 were downregulated, were identified in the GSS group compared with the HI group. In an analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) categories, the downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways "Phagosome", "NF-κB signalling", and "Complement and coagulation cascades", amongst others. Meanwhile, the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways "Neurodegeneration", "Glutamatergic synapse", and "Calcium signalling pathway", amongst others. These results indicate that GSS intervenes in the process of HIE-induced brain injury by participating in multiple pathways, which suggests potential candidate drugs for the treatment of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China ,First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Liyan Shuang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China ,First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Gaigai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China ,Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China ,Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Zhidong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Hao Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Basic Medicine School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China ,Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 China
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