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Kandpal M, Baral B, Varshney N, Jain AK, Chatterji D, Meena AK, Pandey RK, Jha HC. Gut-brain axis interplay via STAT3 pathway: Implications of Helicobacter pylori derived secretome on inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2303853. [PMID: 38197252 PMCID: PMC10854367 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2303853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Besides gastric complications its potential link with gut-brain axis disruption and neurological disorders has also been reported. The current study investigated the plausible role and its associated molecular mechanism underlying H. pylori mediated gut-brain axis disruption and neuroinflammation leading to neurological modalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have chosen the antimicrobial resistant and susceptible H. pylori strains on the basis of broth dilution method. We have observed the increased inflammatory response exerted by H. pylori strains in the gastric as well as in the neuronal compartment after treatment with Helicobacter pylori derived condition media (HPCM). Further, elevated expression of STAT1, STAT3, and AD-associated proteins- APP and APOE4 was monitored in HPCM-treated neuronal and neuron-astrocyte co-cultured cells. Excessive ROS generation has been found in these cells. The HPCM treatment to LN229 causes astrogliosis, evidenced by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our results indicate the association of STAT3 as an important regulator in the H. pylori-mediated pathogenesis in neuronal cells. Notably, the inhibition of STAT3 by its specific inhibitor, BP-1-102, reduced the expression of pSTAT3 and AD markers in neuronal compartment induced by HPCM. Thus, our study demonstrates that H. pylori infection exacerbates inflammation in AGS cells and modulates the activity of STAT3 regulatory molecules. H. pylori secretome could affect neurological compartments by promoting STAT3 activation and inducing the expression of AD-associated signature markers. Further, pSTAT-3 inhibition mitigates the H. pylori associated neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kandpal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debi Chatterji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
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Zhou W, Li H, Song J, Suo F, Gu M, Qi S. Healthy Plasma Exosomes Exert Potential Neuroprotective Effects against Methylmalonic Acid-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3022-3033. [PMID: 39026168 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have shown good potential for alleviating neurological deficits and delaying memory deterioration, but the neuroprotective effects of exosomes remain unknown. Methylmalonic acidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in various tissues that inhibits neuronal survival and function, leading to accelerated neurological deterioration. Effective therapies to mitigate these symptoms are lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of plasma exosomes on cells and a mouse model of MMA-induced injury. We evaluated the ability of plasma exosomes to reduce the neuronal apoptosis, cross the blood-brain barrier, and affect various parameters related to neuronal function. MMA promoted cell apoptosis, disrupted the metabolic balance, and altered the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X (Bax), and synaptophysin-1 (Syp-1), and these changes may be involved in MMA-induced neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, plasma exosomes normalized learning and memory and protected against MMA-induced neuronal apoptosis. Our findings indicate that neurological deficits are linked to the pathogenesis of methylmalonic acidemia, and healthy plasma exosomes may exert neuroprotective and therapeutic effects by altering the expression of exosomal microRNAs, facilitating neuronal functional recovery in the context of this inherited metabolic disease. Intravenous plasma-derived exosome treatment may be a novel clinical therapeutic strategy for methylmalonic acidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P.R China
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, P.R China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, P.R China
| | - Jinxiu Song
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P.R China
| | - Feng Suo
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, P.R China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Newborn Screening Center, The Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, P.R China
| | - Suhua Qi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P.R China
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P.R China
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P.R China
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Patel D, Shetty S, Acha C, Pantoja IEM, Zhao A, George D, Gracias DH. Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302456. [PMID: 38217546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids are three-dimensional aggregates of self-organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three-dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two-dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid-machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast-scan optical techniques, buckling and self-folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two-way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Saniya Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alice Zhao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Derosh George
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Wan M, Yu Q, Xu F, You LX, Liang X, Kang Ren K, Zhou J. Novel hypoxia-induced HIF-1αactivation in asthma pathogenesis. Respir Res 2024; 25:287. [PMID: 39061007 PMCID: PMC11282634 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma's complexity, marked by airway inflammation and remodeling, is influenced by hypoxic conditions. This study focuses on the role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) and P53 ubiquitination in asthma exacerbation. METHODS High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics were used to identify genes associated with asthma progression, with an emphasis on GO and KEGG pathway analyses. An asthma mouse model was developed, and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were isolated to create an in vitro hypoxia model. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were assessed, along with ELISA and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS A notable increase in HIF-1α was observed in both in vivo and in vitro asthma models. HIF-1α upregulation enhanced ASMCs' viability, proliferation, and migration, while reducing apoptosis, primarily via the promotion of P53 ubiquitination through MDM2. In vivo studies showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration and airway structural changes, which were mitigated by the inhibitor IDF-11,774. CONCLUSION The study highlights the critical role of the HIF-1α-MDM2-P53 axis in asthma, suggesting its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions. The findings indicate that modulating this pathway could offer new avenues for treating the complex respiratory disorder of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhi Wan
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Xia You
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Kang Kang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
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Li C, He W, Song Y, Zhang X, Sun J, Zhou Z. Advances of 3D Cell Co-Culture Technology Based on Microfluidic Chips. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:336. [PMID: 39056612 PMCID: PMC11274478 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell co-culture technology aims to study the communication mechanism between cells and to better reveal the interactions and regulatory mechanisms involved in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. This is achieved by simulating the complex organismic environment. Such studies are of great significance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of multicellular organisms. As an emerging cell cultivation technology, 3D cell co-culture technology, based on microfluidic chips, can efficiently, rapidly, and accurately achieve cell co-culture. This is accomplished by leveraging the unique microchannel structures and flow characteristics of microfluidic chips. The technology can simulate the native microenvironment of cell growth, providing a new technical platform for studying intercellular communication. It has been widely used in the research of oncology, immunology, neuroscience, and other fields. In this review, we summarize and provide insights into the design of cell co-culture systems on microfluidic chips, the detection methods employed in co-culture systems, and the applications of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Intelligence Health Service, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Yihua Song
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Intelligence Health Service, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Intelligence Health Service, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zuojian Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Intelligence Health Service, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (C.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
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Daga KR, Larey AM, Morfin MG, Chen K, Bitarafan S, Carpenter JM, Hynds HM, Hines KM, Wood LB, Marklein RA. Microglia Morphological Response to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles Demonstrates EV Therapeutic Potential for Modulating Neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601612. [PMID: 39005342 PMCID: PMC11245023 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are a promising therapeutic for neuroinflammation. MSC-EVs can interact with microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, to exert their immunomodulatory effects. In response to inflammatory cues, such as cytokines, microglia undergo phenotypic changes indicative of their function e.g. morphology and secretion. However, these changes in response to MSC-EVs are not well understood. Additionally, no disease-relevant screening tools to assess MSC-EV bioactivity exist, which has further impeded clinical translation. Here, we developed a quantitative, high throughput morphological profiling approach to assess the response of microglia to neuroinflammation-relevant signals and whether this morphological response can be used to indicate the bioactivity of MSC-EVs. Results Using an immortalized human microglia cell-line, we observed increased size (perimeter, major axis length) and complexity (form factor) upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Upon treatment with MSC-EVs, the overall morphological score (determined using principal component analysis) shifted towards the unstimulated morphology, indicating that MSC-EVs are bioactive and modulate microglia. The morphological effects of MSC-EVs in TNF-γ/IFN-α stimulated cells were concomitant with reduced secretion of 14 chemokines/cytokines (e.g. CXCL6, CXCL9) and increased secretion of 12 chemokines/cytokines (e.g. CXCL8, CXCL10). Proteomic analysis of cell lysates revealed significant increases in 192 proteins (e.g. HIBADH, MEAK7, LAMC1) and decreases in 257 proteins (e.g. PTEN, TOM1, MFF) with MSC-EV treatment. Of note, many of these proteins are involved in regulation of cell morphology and migration. Gene Set Variation Analysis revealed upregulation of pathways associated with immune response, such as regulation of cytokine production, immune cell infiltration (e.g. T cells, NK cells) and morphological changes (e.g. Semaphorin, RHO/Rac signaling). Additionally, changes in microglia mitochondrial morphology were measured suggesting that MSC-EV modulate mitochondrial metabolism. Conclusion This study comprehensively demonstrates the effects of MSC-EVs on human microglial morphology, cytokine secretion, cellular proteome, and mitochondrial content. Our high-throughput, rapid, low-cost morphological approach enables screening of MSC-EV batches and manufacturing conditions to enhance EV function and mitigate EV functional heterogeneity in a disease relevant manner. This approach is highly generalizable and can be further adapted and refined based on selection of the disease-relevant signal, target cell, and therapeutic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya R Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew M Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria G Morfin
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kailin Chen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Hannah M Hynds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelly M Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ross A Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Hagedorn A, Haberl H, Adamzik M, Wolf A, Unterberg M. [Current Aspects of Intensive Medical Care for Traumatic Brain Injury - Part 2 - Secondary Treatment Strategies, Long-term Outcome, Neuroprognostics and Chronification]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2024; 59:466-478. [PMID: 39074791 DOI: 10.1055/a-2332-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This two-part article deals with the intensive medical care of traumatic brain injury. Part 1 addresses the primary treatment strategy, haemodynamic management and multimodal monitoring, Part 2 secondary treatment strategies, long-term outcome, neuroprognostics and chronification. Traumatic brain injury is a complex clinical entity with a high mortality rate. The primary aim is to maintain homeostasis based on physiological targeted values. In addition, further therapy must be geared towards intracranial pressure. In addition to this, there are other monitoring options that appear sensible from a pathophysiological point of view with appropriate therapy adjustment. However, there is still a lack of data on their effectiveness. A further aspect is the inflammation of the cerebrum with the "cross-talk" of the organs, which has a significant influence on further intensive medical care.
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Dai L, Wu Z, Yin L, Cheng L, Zhou Q, Ding F. Exogenous Functional Mitochondria Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells That Respond to ROS Can Rescue Neural Cells Following Ischemic Stroke. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3383-3395. [PMID: 38803690 PMCID: PMC11129787 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s463692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Upon uptake by stressed cells, functional mitochondria can perform their normal functions, ultimately enhancing the survival of host cells. However, despite the promising results of this approach, there is still a lack of understanding of the specific relationship between nerve cells and functional mitochondria. Methods Functional mitochondria (F-Mito) were isolated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The ability of microglia cells to internalize F-Mito was evaluated using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in C57BL/6J mice and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model. After OGD/R and F-Mito treatment, the temporal dynamics of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined.The relationship between ROS levels and F-Mito uptake was assessed at the individual cell level using MitoSOX, Mitotracker, and HIF-1α labeling. Results Our findings indicate that microglia cells exhibit enhanced mitochondrial uptake compared to astrocytes. Furthermore, internalized F-Mito reduced ROS levels and HIF-1α levels. Importantly, we found that the ROS response in microglia cells following ischemia is a critical regulator of F-Mito internalization, and promoting autophagy in microglia cells might reduce the uptake of ROS and HIF-1α levels. Conclusion It is verified that F-Mito derived from BMSCs play a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury, as their weakening reduces microglial cell activation and alleviates neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Dai
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheqian Wu
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liili Yin
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjian Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Eighth People’s Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Ding
- Department of Emergency, Shidong Hospital, ShangHai, People’s Republic of China
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Wu Y, Liu L, Zhao Y, Li X, Hu J, Li H, Zhao R. Xiaoyaosan promotes neurotransmitter transmission and alleviates CUMS-induced depression by regulating the expression of Oct1 and Oct3 in astrocytes of the prefrontal cortex. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117923. [PMID: 38367929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS) is a traditional prescription for the treatment of liver depression and qi stagnation, and pharmacological studies have shown that XYS has great potential to reverse depression. However, anti-depression targets and the mechanism of XYS are still not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to explore and verify the anti-depression mechanism of XYS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant effect of XYS was assessed in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) in different brain regions were measured using ELISA. The expression of organic cation transporters (Octs) were detected by western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Then, Decynium-22 (D22), an Octs inhibitor, was injected into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to verify the correlation between Octs and depression-like behavior. Then, the effects of XYS on the behavior, neurotransmitter concentration, and Octs expression in D22-induced rats were examined. Finally, primary astrocytes were used to verify the mechanism of XYS exerting anti-depressant activity by regulating Octs. RESULTS The result showed that XYS had a significant positive impact on the behavior of depression rats induced by CUMS. XYS also improved the secretion of 5-HT, DA, and NE in the PFC, as well as the promotion of Oct1, Oct2, and Oct3 expression in the PFC. These results suggest that XYS has the potential to alleviate depression by enhancing the secretion of neurotransmitters. This may be related to XYS regulation of Oct's expression. When the expression of Octs was inhibited in the PFC, rats exhibited behavior similar to depression, and XYS was able to reverse this behavior, indicating that Octs play a significant role in the development of depression and XYS may exert its antidepressant effects through the regulation of Octs. Furthermore, the study also found that dopamine uptake decreased after inhibiting the expression of Octs, and XYS-containing serum could reverse the downregulation of Oct1 and Oct3 and promote intracellular dopamine homeostasis in the astrocytes. Overall, XYS may exert antidepressant effects by promoting dopamine uptake to improve neurotransmitter transport by regulating the protein expression of Oct1 and Oct3 in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant effect of XYS may be attributed to its ability to regulate the expression of Oct1 and Oct3 in astrocytes of the PFC, thereby promoting neurotransmitter transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Junhong Hu
- School Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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Fleisher-Berkovich S, Sharon N, Ventura Y, Feinshtein V, Gorelick J, Bernstein N, Ben-Shabat S. Selected cannabis cultivars modulate glial activation: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:25. [PMID: 38778343 PMCID: PMC11110427 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Cannabis, an immunomodulating agent, is known for its ability to treat MS effectively. However, due to variations in the profile of secondary metabolites, especially cannabinoids, among cannabis cultivars, the effectiveness of cannabis treatment can vary, with significant variability in the effects on different biological parameters. For screening available cultivars, cellular in vitro as well as pre-clinical in vivo assays, are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the wide range of chemical variability that exists in cannabis cultivars. This study evaluated comparatively three chemically diverse cannabis cultivars, CN2, CN4 and CN6, containing different ratios of phytocannabinoids, for their neuroinflammatory activity in MS model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro experiments were performed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia and primary glial cells to evaluate the effect of different cannabis cultivars on nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. An in vivo experiment using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model was conducted using Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as the activating peptide. The cannabis extracts of the cultivars CN2, CN4, CN6 or vehicle, were intraperitoneally injected with clinical scores given based on observed symptoms over the course of study. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed, and splenocyte cytokine secretion was measured using ELISA. Lumbar sections from the spinal cord of treated MS mice were evaluated for microglia, astrocytes and CD4+ cells. RESULTS Extracts of the CN2 cultivar contained tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) without cannabidiol (CBD), and a number of monoterpenes. CN4 contained cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid (THCA), with significant amounts of THC: CBD in a 1:1 ratio, as well as sesquiterpenes and some monoterpenes; and CN6 contained primarily CBDA and THCA, as well as THC and CBD in a 2:1 ratio, with some sesquiterpenes and no monoterpenes. All extracts were not cytotoxic in glial cells up to 50 µg/ml. Dose dependent inhibition of LPS-induced BV2 as well as primary microglial NO secretion confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of the three cannabis cultivars. CN2 but not CN4 reduced both astrocytosis and microglial activation in lumbar sections of EAE mice. In contrast, CN4 but not CN2 significantly decreased the secretion of TNFα and Interferon γ (IFNγ) in primary splenocytes extracted from EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS While both cannabis cultivars, CN2 and CN4, significantly reduced the severity of the clinical signs throughout the course of the study, they modulated different inflammatory mediators and pathways, probably due to differences in their phytocannabinoid composition. This demonstrates the differential potential of cannabis cultivars differing in chemotype to regulate neuroinflammation and their potential to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Fleisher-Berkovich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Nitzan Sharon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yvonne Ventura
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Valeria Feinshtein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Gorelick
- Eastern Regional Research and Development Center, Judea Center, 90100, Kiryat Arba, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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11
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Wei H, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Lin L, Chen Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhu X. Microglia-derived exosomes selective sorted by YB-1 alleviate nerve damage and cognitive outcome in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:466. [PMID: 38755651 PMCID: PMC11100039 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). Microglia have been reported to participate in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of microglia released exosome (EXO) contribute to communication within AD microenvironment remains obscure. METHODS The interaction between microglia and AD was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-223 and YB-1. The association between microglia derived exosomal YB-1/miR-223 axis and nerve cell damage were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA and wound healing assay. RESULTS Here, we reported AD model was responsible for the M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of microglia which in turn induced nerve cell damage. While M2-like (anti-inflammatory) microglia could release miR-223-enriched EXO which reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated nerve damage in AD model in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YB-1 directly interacted with miR-223 both in cell and EXO, and participated in microglia exosomal miR-223 loading. CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-inflammatory microglia-mediated neuroprotection form inflammatory damage involves exporting miR-223 via EXO sorted by YB-1. Consequently, YB-1-mediated microglia exosomal sorting of miR-223 improved the nerve cell damage repair, representing a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuzhi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, ZhongDa Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Liu L, Tian X, Li W. Mechanistic study of the anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity of Bushen Zhichan decoction for Parkinson's disease based on the transcriptional regulation of EAAT1 by YY1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117857. [PMID: 38350506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Zhichan decoction (BSZCF) is derived from Liuwei Dihuang Pill, a famous Chinese herbal formula recorded in the book Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases. It has been widely used as a basic prescription for nourishing and tonifying the liver and kidneys to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), but its mechanism remains to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY BSZCF, a Chinese herbal formula comprising five herbs: Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Dioscorea oppositifolia L., Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc., Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson and Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight, is used clinically to treat PD. In vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of BSZCF in the protection of dopamine (DA) neurons and the treatment of PD. The toxicity of excitatory amino acids (EAA) may be attenuated by inhibiting the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and up-regulating the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1). MATERIALS AND METHODS IN VIVO: After 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was intraperitoneally injected into specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice, model mice were intragastrically given adamantane hydrochloride tablets (AHT) or different doses of BSZCF for 14 days. Both open field and pole-climbing tests were conducted to assess behavioral changes. In vitro: 1-Methyl-4-phe-nylpyridiniumiodide (MPP+)-injured human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were utilized to construct PD cell models. Primary astrocytes were transfected with EAAT1 and YY1 lentiviruses for EAAT1 gene knockout and YY1 gene knockout astrocytes, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of BSZCF was performed to control the quality of blood drugs. The optimal concentration and time of PD cell models treated by BSZCF were determined by the use of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for measuring glutamate (Glu) in the peripheral blood and cells of each group. Western blotting (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporters (DAT), EAAT1 and YY1 protein and mRNA. After the blockade of EAAT1, immunofluorescence (IF) assay was used to detect the TH protein in each group. RESULTS In vivo research showed that BSZCF improved the behavioral symptoms of PD mice, and reduced the death of DA neurons and the level of Glu. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of YY1 expression and the increase of EAAT1 levels. In vitro experiments showed that the anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity of BSZCF was achieved by inhibiting YY1 expression and regulating EAAT1. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting YY1 to increase the expression of EAAT1 and attenuating the toxicity of Glu, BSZCF exerts the effect of protecting DA neurons and treating PD-like symptoms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xinyun Tian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Saponjic J, Mejías R, Nikolovski N, Dragic M, Canak A, Papoutsopoulou S, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Fladmark KE, Ntavaroukas P, Bayar Muluk N, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Fontán-Lozano Á, Comi C, Marino F. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4330. [PMID: 38673915 PMCID: PMC11050170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Neda Nikolovski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences–National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Asuman Canak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | | | - Kari E. Fladmark
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey;
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Li Y, Yang Y, Guan X, Liu Z, Pan L, Wang Y, Jia X, Yang J, Hou T. SorCS2 is involved in promoting periodontitis-induced depression-like behaviour in mice. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38568959 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports the association between periodontitis and depression, although the mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the role of SorCS2 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-induced depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental periodontitis model was established using SorCS2 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates, and depression-like behaviour was evaluated. The expression of proBDNF signalling, neuronal activity, and glutamate-associated signalling pathways were further measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence. In addition, neuroinflammatory status, astrocytic and microglial markers, and the expression of corticosterone-related factors were measured by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS SorCS2 deficiency alleviated periodontitis-induced depression-like behaviour in mice. Further results suggested that SorCS2 deficiency downregulated the expression of pro-BDNF and glutamate signalling and restored neuronal activities in mice with periodontitis. Neuroinflammation in the mouse hippocampus was triggered by experimental periodontitis but was not affected by SorCS2 deficiency. The levels of corticosterone and the expression of glucocorticoid receptors were also not altered. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, reveals the critical role of SorCS2 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-induced depression. The underlying mechanism involves proBDNF and glutamate signalling in the hippocampus, providing a novel therapeutic target for periodontitis-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangbin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiezhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Yao Q, Long C, Yi P, Zhang G, Wan W, Rao X, Ying J, Liang W, Hua F. C/EBPβ: A transcription factor associated with the irreversible progression of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14721. [PMID: 38644578 PMCID: PMC11033503 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder distinguished by a swift cognitive deterioration accompanied by distinctive pathological hallmarks such as extracellular Aβ (β-amyloid) peptides, neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), sustained neuroinflammation, and synaptic degeneration. The elevated frequency of AD cases and its proclivity to manifest at a younger age present a pressing challenge in the quest for novel therapeutic interventions. Numerous investigations have substantiated the involvement of C/EBPβ in the progression of AD pathology, thus indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for AD treatment. AIMS Several studies have demonstrated an elevation in the expression level of C/EBPβ among individuals afflicted with AD. Consequently, this review predominantly delves into the association between C/EBPβ expression and the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease, elucidating its underlying molecular mechanism, and pointing out the possibility that C/EBPβ can be a new therapeutic target for AD. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and so on, utilizing predetermined keywords and MeSH terms, without temporal constraints. The inclusion criteria encompassed diverse study designs, such as experimental, case-control, and cohort studies, restricted to publications in the English language, while conference abstracts and unpublished sources were excluded. RESULTS Overexpression of C/EBPβ exacerbates the pathological features of AD, primarily by promoting neuroinflammation and mediating the transcriptional regulation of key molecular pathways, including δ-secretase, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A), transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1), and Forkhead BoxO (FOXO). DISCUSSION The correlation between overexpression of C/EBPβ and the pathological development of AD, along with its molecular mechanisms, is evident. Investigating the pathways through which C/EBPβ regulates the development of AD reveals numerous multiple vicious cycle pathways exacerbating the pathological progression of the disease. Furthermore, the exacerbation of pathological progression due to C/EBPβ overexpression and its molecular mechanism is not limited to AD but also extends to other neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSION The overexpression of C/EBPβ accelerates the irreversible progression of AD pathophysiology. Additionally, C/EBPβ plays a crucial role in mediating multiple pathways linked to AD pathology, some of which engender vicious cycles, leading to the establishment of feedback mechanisms. To sum up, targeting C/EBPβ could hold promise as a therapeutic strategy not only for AD but also for other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Chubing Long
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhouJiangxi ProvinceChina
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang CityJiangxi ProvinceChina
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Zhou Y, He LN, Wang LN, Chen KY, Qian SD, Li XH, Zang J, Wang DM, Yu XF, Gao J. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes promote neuronal function by inhibiting excessive apoptosis in a hypoxia/ischemia-induced cerebral palsy model: A preclinical study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116321. [PMID: 38394849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition resulting from perinatal brain injury and can lead to physical disabilities. Exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC-Exos) hold promise as potential therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of hAMSC-Exos on neuronal cells and their role in regulating apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS hAMSC-Exos were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized via transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and flow cytometry. In vitro, neuronal damage was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CP rat models were established via left common carotid artery ligation. Apoptosis levels in cells and CP rats were assessed using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and TUNEL analysis. RESULTS The results demonstrated successful isolation of hAMSC-Exos via ultracentrifugation, as the isolated cells were positive for CD9 (79.7%) and CD63 (80.2%). Treatment with hAMSC-Exos significantly mitigated the reduction in cell viability induced by LPS. Flow cytometry revealed that LPS-induced damage promoted apoptosis, but this effect was attenuated by treatment with hAMSC-Exos. Additionally, the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio indicated that excessive apoptosis could be attenuated by treatment with hAMSC-Exos. Furthermore, tail vein injection of hAMSC-Exos improved the neurobehavioral function of CP rats. Histological analysis via HE and TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis-related damage was attenuated following hAMSC-Exo treatment. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hAMSC-Exos effectively promote neuronal cell survival by regulating apoptosis, indicating their potential as a promising therapeutic option for CP that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China
| | - Lu-Na He
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Drug Clinical Trials Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China
| | - Shi-Da Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China
| | - Xu-Huan Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China
| | - Jing Zang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China
| | - Dong-Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yang Zhou University Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223021, China.
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Yu Y, Chen R, Mao K, Deng M, Li Z. The Role of Glial Cells in Synaptic Dysfunction: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024; 15:459-479. [PMID: 37548934 PMCID: PMC10917533 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impacts a substantial number of individuals globally. Despite its widespread prevalence, there is currently no cure for AD. It is widely acknowledged that normal synaptic function holds a key role in memory, cognitive abilities, and the interneuronal transfer of information. As AD advances, symptoms including synaptic impairment, decreased synaptic density, and cognitive decline become increasingly noticeable. The importance of glial cells in the formation of synapses, the growth of neurons, brain maturation, and safeguarding the microenvironment of the central nervous system is well recognized. However, during AD progression, overactive glial cells can cause synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and abnormal neuroinflammation. Both neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction are present in the early stages of AD. Therefore, focusing on the changes in glia-synapse communication could provide insights into the mechanisms behind AD. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the role of various glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, in regulating synaptic dysfunction. This may offer a new perspective on investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kaiyue Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Maoyan Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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Kim H, Le B, Goshi N, Zhu K, Grodzki AC, Lein PJ, Zhao M, Seker E. Rat primary cortical cell tri-culture to study effects of amyloid-beta on microglia function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.584736. [PMID: 38558989 PMCID: PMC10979983 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.584736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology and progression of sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been studied for decades. One proposed mechanism is that amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins induce neuroinflammation, synapse loss, and neuronal cell death. Microglia play an especially important role in Aβ clearance, and alterations in microglial function due to aging or disease may result in Aβ accumulation and deleterious effects on neuronal function. However, studying these complex factors in vivo , where numerous confounding processes exist, is challenging, and until recently, in vitro models have not allowed sustained culture of microglia, astrocytes and neurons in the same culture. Here, we employ a tri-culture model of rat primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia and compare it to co-culture (neurons and astrocytes) and mono-culture enriched for microglia to study microglial function (i.e., motility and Aβ clearance) and proteomic response to exogenous Aβ. Methods We established cortical co-culture (neurons and astrocytes), tri-culture (neurons, astrocytes, and microglia), and mono-culture (microglia) from perinatal rat pups. On days in vitro (DIV) 7 - 14, the cultures were exposed to fluorescently-labeled Aβ (FITC-Aβ) particles for varying durations. Images were analyzed to determine the number of FITC-Aβ particles after specific lengths of exposure. A group of cells were stained for βIII-tubulin, GFAP, and Iba1 for morphological analysis via quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Cytokine profiles from conditioned media were obtained. Live-cell imaging with images acquired every 5 minutes for 4 hours was employed to extract microglia motility parameters (e.g., Euclidean distance, migration speed, directionality ratio). Results and discussion FITC-Aβ particles were more effectively cleared in the tri-culture compared to the co-culture. This was attributed to microglia engulfing FITC-Aβ particles, as confirmed via epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Adding FITC-Aβ significantly increased the size of microglia, but had no significant effect on neuronal surface coverage or astrocyte size. Analysis of the cytokine profile upon FITC-Aβ addition revealed a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) in tri-culture, but not co-culture. In addition, Aβ addition altered microglia motility marked by swarming-like motion with decreased Euclidean distance yet unaltered speed. These results highlight the importance of cell-cell communication in microglia function (e.g., motility and Aβ clearance) and the utility of the tri-culture model to further investigate microglia dysfunction in AD.
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Liang Y, Chen L, Huang J, Lan Z, Xia S, Yang H, Bao X, Yu X, Fan Y, Xu Y, Zhu X, Jin J. Neuroprotective effects of Aucubin against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111648. [PMID: 38335656 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To study the role of Aucubin (AU) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and investigate the potential mechanisms. METHODS For the in vitro experiment, primary microglia were cultured and stimulated by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated with AU. Male C57/BL6J mice were used and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was performed to induce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. For the short-term effects, mice administrated with AU (40 mg/kg) for 3 days after MCAO were evaluated for the infarct volume and neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory factors and microglia activation were determined by Real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. For the long-term effects, MCAO mice were injected daily with AU (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Behavior tests were used to assess the neurological deficits of MCAO mice, and white matter integrity was determined by myelin basic protein (MBP) staining and black-gold staining. RESULTS AU suppressed LPS-induced activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and downregulated the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in primary microglia. In addition, AU attenuated ischemic injury and inhibited the neuro-inflammatory response in MCAO mice. Moreover, AU induced prolonged improvements in sensorimotor function and memory function following MCAO, and preserved white matter integrity in the long-term experiments. CONCLUSIONS AU protected against ischemic injury, which might be correlated with the downregulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, AU alleviated cognitive impairment after stroke and restored white matter integrity. Our data indicated that AU might be a potential compound for the treatment of stroke and post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yingao Fan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Liu J, Qi L, Bao S, Yan F, Chen J, Yu S, Dong C. The acute spinal cord injury microenvironment and its impact on the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114682. [PMID: 38199509 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating condition that inflicts devastating harm on the lives of affected individuals, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. By activating inflammatory cells and releasing inflammatory factors, the secondary injury response creates an inflammatory microenvironment that ultimately determines whether neurons will undergo necrosis or regeneration. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential in SCI. MSCs not only possess multipotent differentiation capabilities but also have homing abilities, making them valuable as carriers and mediators of therapeutic agents. The inflammatory microenvironment induced by SCI recruits MSCs to the site of injury through the release of various cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. However, this mechanism has not been previously reported. Thus, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular mechanisms and cellular behaviors underlying the interplay between the inflammatory microenvironment and MSC homing is crucial. Such insights have the potential to provide a better understanding of how to harness the therapeutic potential of MSCs in treating inflammatory diseases and facilitating injury repair. This review aims to delve into the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment and how it influences the homing of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Longju Qi
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengzhe Bao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fangsu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang L, Dong W, Li J, Gao S, Sheng H, Kong Q, Guan F, Zhang L. C1ql3 knockout affects microglia activation, neuronal integrity, and spontaneous behavior in Wistar rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38379452 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1QL3 is widely expressed in the brain and is specifically produced by a subset of excitatory neurons. However, its function is still not clear. We established C1ql3-deficient rats to investigate the role of C1QL3 in the brain. METHODS C1ql3 knockout (KO) rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. C1ql3 KO was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and western blotting. Microglia morphology and cytokine expression with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The brain structure changes in KO rats were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. Neuronal architecture alteration was analyzed by performing Golgi staining. Behavior was evaluated using the open field test, Morris water maze test, and Y maze test. RESULTS C1ql3 KO significantly increased the number of ramified microglia and decreased the number of hypertrophic microglia, whereas C1ql3 KO did not influence the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors except IL-10. C1ql3 KO brains had more amoeboid microglia types and higher Arg-1 expression compared with the WT rats after LPS stimulation. The brain weights and HPC sizes of C1ql3 KO rats did not differ from WT rats. C1ql3 KO damaged neuronal integrity including neuron dendritic arbors and spine density. C1ql3 KO rats demonstrated an increase in spontaneous activity and an impairment in short working memory. CONCLUSIONS C1ql3 KO not only interrupts the neuronal integrity but also affects the microglial activation, resulting in hyperactive behavior and impaired short memory in rats, which highlights the role of C1QL3 in the regulation of structure and function of both neuronal and microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxuan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Guan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Qu D, Hu Y, Qi C, Fu H. [Experimental study of M2 microglia transplantation promoting spinal cord injury repair in mice]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2024; 38:198-205. [PMID: 38385233 PMCID: PMC10882233 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202311093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of M2 microglia (M2-MG) transplantation on spinal cord injury (SCI) repair in mice. Methods Primary MG were obtained from the cerebral cortex of 15 C57BL/6 mice born 2-3 days old by pancreatic enzyme digestion and identified by immunofluorescence staining of Iba1. Then the primary MG were co-cultured with interleukin 4 for 48 hours (experimental group) to induce into M2 phenotype and identified by immunofluorescence staining of Arginase 1 (Arg-1) and Iba1. The normal MG were harvested as control (control group). The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of 5 C57BL/6 mice born 1 week old were co-cultured with M2-MG for 5 days to observe the axon length, the DRG alone was used as control. Forty-two 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham group ( n=6), SCI group ( n=18), and SCI+M2-MG group ( n=18). In sham group, only the laminae of T 10 level were removed; SCI group and SCI+M2-MG group underwent SCI modeling, and SCI+M2-MG group was simultaneously injected with M2-MG. The survival of mice in each group was observed after operation. At immediate (0), 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after operation, the motor function of mice was evaluated by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score, and the gait was evaluated by footprint experiment at 28 days. The spinal cord tissue was taken after operation for immunofluorescence staining, in which glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining at 7, 14, and 28 days was used to observe the injured area of the spinal cord, neuronal nuclei antigen staining at 28 days was used to observe the survival of neurons, and GFAP/C3 double staining at 7 and 14 days was used to observe the changes in the number of A1 astrocytes. Results The purity of MG in vitro reached 90%, and the most of the cells were polarized into M2 phenotype identified by Arg-1 immunofluorescence staining. M2-MG promoted the axon growth when co-cultured with DRGs in vitro ( P<0.05). All groups of mice survived until the experiment was completed. The hind limb motor function of SCI group and SCI+M2-MG group gradually recovered over time. Among them, the SCI+M2-MG group had significantly higher BMS scores than the SCI group at 21 and 28 days ( P<0.05), and the dragging gait significantly improved at 28 days, but it did not reach the level of the sham group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with the SCI group, the SCI+M2-MG group had a smaller injury area at 7, 14, and 28 days, an increase in neuronal survival at 28 days, and a decrease in the number of A1 astrocytes at 7 and 14 days, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion M2-MG transplantation improves the motor function of the hind limbs of SCI mice by promoting neuron survival and axon regeneration. This neuroprotective effect is related to the inhibition of A1 astrocytes polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266073, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266073, P. R. China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266073, P. R. China
| | - Di Qu
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266073, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Hu
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266073, P. R. China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266103, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, 266103, P. R. China
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Gao L, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Zhang N, Zhang C, Zhou S, Feng G, Huang F, Zhang L. Serum response factor promoting axonal regeneration by activating the Ras-Raf-Cofilin signaling pathway after the spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14585. [PMID: 38421133 PMCID: PMC10851317 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum response factor (SRF) is important in muscle development, tissue repair, and neuronal regulation. OBJECTIVES This research aims to thoroughly examine the effects of SRF on spinal cord injury (SCI) and its ability to significantly impact the recovery and regeneration of neuronal axons. METHODS The researchers created rat models of SCI and scratch injury to primary spinal cord neurons to observe the expression of relevant factors after neuronal injury. RESULTS We found that the SRF, Ras, Raf, and cofilin levels increased after injury and gradually returned to normal levels. Afterward, researchers gave rats with SCI an SRF inhibitor (CCG1423) and studied the effects with nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy. The SRF inhibitor rodents had worse spinal cord recovery and axon regrowth than the control group. And the apoptosis of primary neurons after scratch injury was significantly higher in the SRF inhibitor group. Additionally, the researchers utilized lentiviral transfection to modify the SRF expression in neurons. SRF overexpression increased neuron migration while silencing SRF decreased it. Finally, Western blotting and RT-PCR were conducted to examine the expression changes of related factors upon altering SRF expression. The results revealed SRF overexpression increased Ras, Raf, and cofilin expression. Silencing SRF decreased Ras, Raf, and Cofilin expression. CONCLUSION Based on our research, the SRF promotes axonal regeneration by activating the "Ras-Raf-Cofilin" signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of NeurosurgeryNeuroscience Center, Frankfurt University HospitalFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Department of Bone and JointYantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandongChina
| | - Naili Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Luping Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
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Wu SY, Yu WJ, Chien TY, Ren YA, Chen CS, Chiang CS. Microglia-mediated drug substance transfer promotes chemoresistance in brain tumors: insights from an in vitro co-culture model using GCV/Tk prodrug system. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38238749 PMCID: PMC10795391 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play essential roles in brain tumor resistance to chemotherapy. However, the detailed mechanisms of how TAMs are involved in brain tumor resistance are still unclear and lack a suitable analysis model. METHODS A BV2 microglial cells with ALTS1C1 astrocytoma cells in vitro co-culture system was used to mimic the microglia dominating tumor stroma in the tumor invasion microenvironment and explore the interaction between microglia and brain tumor cells. RESULTS Our result suggested that microglia could form colonies with glioma cells under high-density culturing conditions and protect glioma cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, this study demonstrates that microglia could hijack drug substances from the glioma cells and reduce the drug intensity of ALTS1C1 via direct contact. Inhibition of gap junction protein prevented microglial-glioma colony formation and microglia-mediated chemoresistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into how glioma cells acquire chemoresistance via microglia-mediated drug substance transferring, providing a new option for treating chemo-resistant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Chien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Frontier Research Center On Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Sung Y, Gotina L, Kim KH, Lee JY, Shin S, Aziz H, Kang DM, Liu X, Hong NK, Lee HG, Lee JS, Ku H, Jeong C, Pae AN, Lim S, Chang YT, Kim YK. NeuM: A Neuron-Selective Probe Incorporates into Live Neuronal Membranes via Enhanced Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Primary Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312942. [PMID: 38062619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of a small-molecule probe designed to selectively target neurons would enhance the exploration of intricate neuronal structures and functions. Among such probes, NeuO stands out as the pioneer and has gained significant traction in the field of research. Nevertheless, neither the mechanism behind neuron-selectivity nor the cellular localization has been determined. Here, we introduce NeuM, a derivative of NeuO, designed to target neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism behind the selective neuronal membrane trafficking that distinguishes neurons. In an aqueous buffer, NeuM autonomously assembles into micellar structures, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence (Φ=0.001). Upon exposure to neurons, NeuM micelles were selectively internalized into neuronal endosomes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Through the endocytic recycling pathway, NeuM micelles integrate into neuronal membrane, dispersing fluorescent NeuM molecules in the membrane (Φ=0.61). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that NeuM, in comparison to NeuO, possesses optimal lipophilicity and molecular length, facilitating its stable incorporation into phospholipid layers. The stable integration of NeuM within neuronal membrane allows the prolonged monitoring of neurons, as well as the visualization of intricate neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsik Sung
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeon Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Shin
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hira Aziz
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kang
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyeong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Guen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Ku
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Luo X, Yang X, Tan S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Tian X, Huang Y, Zhou Y, He C, Yin K, Xu D, Li X, Sun F, Tang R, Cao J, Zheng K, Yu Y, Pan W. Gut microbiota mediates anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2391535. [PMID: 39182245 PMCID: PMC11346544 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2391535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can cause anxiety and gut microbiota dysbiosis in hosts. However, the potential role of gut microbiota in anxiety induced by the parasite remains unclear. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected with 10 cysts of T. gondii. Antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments were utilized to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and anxiety. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined by the elevated plus maze test and the open field test; blood, feces, colon and amygdala were collected to evaluate the profiles of serum endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), gut microbiota composition, metabolomics, global transcriptome and neuroinflammation in the amygdala. Furthermore, the effects of Diethyl butylmalonate (DBM, an inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate transporter, which causes the accumulation of endogenous succinate) on the disorders of the gut-brain axis were evaluated. RESULTS Here, we found that T. gondii chronic infection induced anxiety-like behaviors and disturbed the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In the amygdala, T. gondii infection triggered the microglial activation and neuroinflammation. In the colon, T. gondii infection caused the intestinal dyshomeostasis including elevated colonic inflammation, enhanced bacterial endotoxin translocation to blood and compromised intestinal barrier. In the serum, T. gondii infection increased the LPS levels and decreased the 5-HT levels. Interestingly, antibiotics ablation of gut microbiota alleviated the anxiety-like behaviors induced by T. gondii infection. More importantly, transplantation of the fecal microbiota from T. gondii-infected mice resulted in anxiety and the transcriptomic alteration in the amygdala of the antibiotic-pretreated mice. Notably, the decreased abundance of succinate-producing bacteria and the decreased production of succinate were observed in the feces of the T. gondii-infected mice. Moreover, DBM administration ameliorated the anxiety and gut barrier impairment induced by T. gondii infection. CONCLUSIONS The present study uncovers a novel role of gut microbiota in mediating the anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic T. gondii infection. Moreover, we show that DBM supplementation has a beneficial effect on anxiety. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the treatment of T. gondii-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shimin Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokang Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yin
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Li Z, Zhang CJ. Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Microglia and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:167-173. [PMID: 38622401 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Microglia and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are critical glia subsets in the central nervous system (CNS) and are actively engaged in a body of diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc. Microglia and OPC serve as compelling tools for the study of CNS diseases as well as the repair and damage of myelin sheath in vitro. In this protocol, we summarized a method which is capable of using the same batch of new-born mice to isolate and culture microglia and OPCs. It integrates the characteristics of practicality, convenience, and efficiency, providing a convenient, easy, and reliable technique for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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28
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Ray SK. TUNEL-n-DIFL Method for Detection and Estimation of Apoptosis Specifically in Neurons and Glial Cells in Mixed Culture and Animal Models of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:1-26. [PMID: 38427225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Detection of merely apoptosis does not reveal the type of central nervous system (CNS) cells that are dying in the CNS diseases and injuries. In situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis specifically in neurons or glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) can unveil valuable information for designing therapeutics for protection of the CNS cells and functional recovery. A method was first developed and reported from our laboratory for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis precisely in neurons and glial cells using in vitro and in vivo models of CNS diseases and injuries. This is a combination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and double immunofluorescent labeling (DIFL) or simply TUNEL-n-DIFL method for in situ detection and estimation of amount of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type. An anti-digoxigenin (DIG) IgG antibody conjugated with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) for blue fluorescence, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for green fluorescence, or Texas Red (TR) for red fluorescence can be used for in situ detection of apoptotic cell DNA, which is earlier labeled with TUNEL using alkali-stable DIG-11-dUTP. A primary anti-NeuN (neurons), anti-GFAP (astrocytes), anti-MBP (oligodendrocytes), or anti-OX-42 (microglia) IgG antibody and a secondary IgG antibody conjugated with one of the above fluorophores (other than that of ani-DIG antibody) are used for in situ detection of apoptosis in a specific CNS cell type in the mixed culture and animal models of the CNS diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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29
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Hull VL, Wang Y, Burns T, Sternbach S, Gong S, McDonough J, Guo F, Borodinsky LN, Pleasure D. Pathological Bergmann glia alterations and disrupted calcium dynamics in ataxic Canavan disease mice. Glia 2023; 71:2832-2849. [PMID: 37610133 PMCID: PMC10591969 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Canavan disease (CD) is a recessively inherited pediatric leukodystrophy resulting from inactivating mutations to the oligodendroglial enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA). ASPA is responsible for hydrolyzing the amino acid derivative N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), and without it, brain NAA concentrations increase by 50% or more. Infants and children with CD present with progressive cognitive and motor delays, cytotoxic edema, astroglial vacuolation, and prominent spongiform brain degeneration. ASPA-deficient CD mice (Aspanur7/nur7 ) present similarly with elevated NAA, widespread astroglial dysfunction, ataxia, and Purkinje cell (PC) dendritic atrophy. Bergmann glia (BG), radial astrocytes essential for cerebellar development, are intimately intertwined with PCs, where they regulate synapse stability, functionality, and plasticity. BG damage is common to many neurodegenerative conditions and frequently associated with PC dysfunction and ataxia. Here, we report that, in CD mice, BG exhibit significant morphological alterations, decreased structural associations with PCs, loss of synaptic support proteins, and altered calcium dynamics. We also find that BG dysfunction predates cerebellar vacuolation and PC damage in CD mice. Previously, we developed an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy targeting Nat8l (N-acetyltransferase-8-like, "Nat8l ASO") that inhibits the production of NAA and reverses ataxia and PC atrophy in CD mice. Here, we show that Nat8l ASO administration in adult CD mice also leads to BG repair. Furthermore, blocking astroglial uptake of NAA is neuroprotective in astroglia-neuron cocultures exposed to elevated NAA. Our findings suggest that restoration of BG structural and functional integrity could be a mechanism for PC regeneration and improved motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Travis Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Laura N. Borodinsky
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
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30
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Wang Y, Jiang A, Yan J, Wen D, Gu N, Li Z, Sun X, Wu Y, Guo Z. Inhibition of GPR17/ID2 Axis Improve Remyelination and Cognitive Recovery after SAH by Mediating OPC Differentiation in Rat Model. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0. [PMID: 37935878 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath injury contributes to cognitive deficits following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17), a membrane receptor, negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in both developmental and pathological contexts. Nonetheless, GPR17's role in modulating OPC differentiation, facilitating remyelination post SAH, and its interaction with downstream molecules remain elusive. In a rat SAH model induced by arterial puncture, OPCs expressing GPR17 proliferated prominently by day 14 post-onset, coinciding with compromised myelin sheath integrity and cognitive deficits. Selective Gpr17 knockdown in oligodendrocytes (OLs) via adeno-associated virus (AAV) administration revealed that reduced GPR17 levels promoted OPC differentiation, restored myelin sheath integrity, and improved cognitive deficits by day 14 post-SAH. Moreover, GPR17 knockdown attenuated the elevated expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) post-SAH, suggesting a GPR17-ID2 regulatory axis. Bi-directional modulation of ID2 expression in OLs using AAV unveiled that elevated ID2 counteracted the restorative effects of GPR17 knockdown. This resulted in hindered differentiation, exacerbated myelin sheath impairment, and worsened cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of GPR17 and ID2 in governing OPC differentiation and axonal remyelination post-SAH. This study positions GPR17 as a potential therapeutic target for SAH intervention. The interplay between GPR17 and ID2 introduces a novel avenue for ameliorating cognitive deficits post-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochen Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanhan County People's Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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Ju S, Shin Y, Han S, Kwon J, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. The Gut-Brain Axis in Schizophrenia: The Implications of the Gut Microbiome and SCFA Production. Nutrients 2023; 15:4391. [PMID: 37892465 PMCID: PMC10610543 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a severe mental illness affecting about 1% of the population, manifests during young adulthood, leading to abnormal mental function and behavior. Its multifactorial etiology involves genetic factors, experiences of adversity, infection, and gene-environment interactions. Emerging research indicates that maternal infection or stress during pregnancy may also increase schizophrenia risk in offspring. Recent research on the gut-brain axis highlights the gut microbiome's potential influence on central nervous system (CNS) function and mental health, including schizophrenia. The gut microbiota, located in the digestive system, has a significant role to play in human physiology, affecting immune system development, vitamin synthesis, and protection against pathogenic bacteria. Disruptions to the gut microbiota, caused by diet, medication use, environmental pollutants, and stress, may lead to imbalances with far-reaching effects on CNS function and mental health. Of interest are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolic byproducts produced by gut microbes during fermentation. SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier, influencing CNS activity, including microglia and cytokine modulation. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters produced by gut microbes may contribute to CNS disorders, including schizophrenia. This review explores the potential relationship between SCFAs, the gut microbiome, and schizophrenia. Our aim is to deepen the understanding of the gut-brain axis in schizophrenia and to elucidate its implications for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhyun Ju
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhui Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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32
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Kumar I, Paudyal A, Kádková A, Stewart M, Sørensen JB, Radecke J. An Improved Method for Growing Primary Neurons on Electron Microscopy Grids Co-Cultured with Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15191. [PMID: 37894872 PMCID: PMC10606997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) in recent years, the quest to establish a method for growing primary neurons directly on electron microscopy grids (EM grids) has been ongoing. Here we describe a straightforward way to establish a mature neuronal network on EM grids, which includes formation of synaptic contacts. These synapses were thin enough to allow for direct visualization of small filaments such as SNARE proteins tethering the synaptic vesicle (SV) to the active zone plasma membrane on a Titan Krios without prior focused ion-beam milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishika Kumar
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Becquerel Ave, Didcot OX11 ORD, UK; (A.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Kádková
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.S.)
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Becquerel Ave, Didcot OX11 ORD, UK; (A.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Jakob Balslev Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.S.)
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK;
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (J.B.S.)
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33
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Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Marmolejo-Garza A, Trombetta-Lima M, Oun A, Hunneman J, Chen T, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen S, Kortholt A, Wolters JC, Bakker BM, Eggen BJL, Boddeke E, Dolga A. Species-specific metabolic reprogramming in human and mouse microglia during inflammatory pathway induction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6454. [PMID: 37833292 PMCID: PMC10575978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of the immune cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. This metabolic process involves a switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis or alterations in other metabolic pathways. However, most of the experimental findings have been acquired in murine immune cells, and little is known about the metabolic reprogramming of human microglia. In this study, we investigate the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic profiles of mouse and iPSC-derived human microglia challenged with the TLR4 agonist LPS. We demonstrate that both species display a metabolic shift and an overall increased glycolytic gene signature in response to LPS treatment. The metabolic reprogramming is characterized by the upregulation of hexokinases in mouse microglia and phosphofructokinases in human microglia. This study provides a direct comparison of metabolism between mouse and human microglia, highlighting the species-specific pathways involved in immunometabolism and the importance of considering these differences in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica María Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Marmolejo-Garza
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Asmaa Oun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn Hunneman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- YETEM-Innovative Technologies Application and Research Centre Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zheng J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zhang C, Che Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang Y. Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5607-5623. [PMID: 37328678 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a major form of surgery that is used to reduce intracranial hypertension (IH), the most frequent cause of death and disability following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and stroke. Our previous research showed that controlled decompression (CDC) was more effective than rapid decompression (RDC) with regard to reducing the incidence of complications and improving outcomes after sTBI; however, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CDC in regulating inflammation after IH and attempted to identify the mechanisms involved. Analysis showed that CDC was more effective than RDC in alleviating motor dysfunction and neuronal death in a rat model of traumatic intracranial hypertension (TIH) created by epidural balloon pressurization. Moreover, RDC induced M1 microglia polarization and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, CDC treatment resulted in microglia primarily polarizing into the M2 phenotype and induced the significant release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, the establishment of the TIH model led to the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); CDC ameliorated cerebral hypoxia and reduced the expression of HIF-1α. In addition, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), a specific inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly attenuated RDC-induced inflammation and improved motor function by promoting M1 to M2 phenotype transformation in microglial and enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), an agonist of HIF-1α, abrogated the protective effects of CDC treatment by suppressing M2 microglia polarization and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our results indicated that CDC effectively alleviated IH-induced inflammation, neuronal death, and motor dysfunction by regulating HIF-1α-mediated microglial phenotype polarization. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the protective effects of CDC and promote clinical translational research for HIF-1α in IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chonghui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
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35
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Sullivan MA, Lane S, Volkerling A, Engel M, Werry EL, Kassiou M. Three-dimensional bioprinting of stem cell-derived central nervous system cells enables astrocyte growth, vasculogenesis, and enhances neural differentiation/function. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3079-3091. [PMID: 37395340 PMCID: PMC10953436 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Current research tools for preclinical drug development such as rodent models and two-dimensional immortalized monocultures have failed to serve as effective translational models for human central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent advancements in the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and three-dimensional (3D) culturing can improve the in vivo-relevance of preclinical models, while generating 3D cultures though novel bioprinting technologies can offer increased scalability and replicability. As such, there is a need to develop platforms that combine iPSC-derived cells with 3D bioprinting to produce scalable, tunable, and biomimetic cultures for preclinical drug discovery applications. We report a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-based matrix which incorporates Arg-Gly-Asp and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg peptide motifs and full-length collagen IV at a stiffness similar to the human brain (1.5 kPa). Using a high-throughput commercial bioprinter we report the viable culture and morphological development of monocultured iPSC-derived astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial-like cells, neural progenitors, and neurons in our novel matrix. We also show that this system supports endothelial-like vasculogenesis and enhances neural differentiation and spontaneous activity. This platform forms a foundation for more complex, multicellular models to facilitate high-throughput translational drug discovery for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Sullivan
- School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samuel Lane
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Martin Engel
- Inventia Life Science Operations Pty Ltd.AlexandriaNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eryn L. Werry
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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36
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Chen J, Ma H, Deng Z, Luo Q, Gong H, Long B, Li X. Cerebral Organoid Arrays for Batch Phenotypic Analysis in Sections and Three Dimensions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13903. [PMID: 37762204 PMCID: PMC10530571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids can recapitulate human-specific phenotypes and functions in vivo and have great potential for research in development, disease modeling, and drug screening. Due to the inherent variability among organoids, experiments often require a large sample size. Embedding, staining, and imaging each organoid individually require a lot of reagents and time. Hence, there is an urgent need for fast and efficient methods for analyzing the phenotypic changes in organoids in batches. Here, we provide a comprehensive strategy for array embedding, staining, and imaging of cerebral organoids in both agarose sections and in 3D to analyze the spatial distribution of biomarkers in organoids in situ. We constructed several disease models, particularly an aging model, as examples to demonstrate our strategy for the investigation of the phenotypic analysis of organoids. We fabricated an array mold to produce agarose support with microwells, which hold organoids in place for live/dead imaging. We performed staining and imaging of sectioned organoids embedded in agarose and 3D imaging to examine phenotypic changes in organoids using fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) and whole-mount immunostaining. Parallel studies of organoids in arrays using the same staining and imaging parameters enabled easy and reliable comparison among different groups. We were able to track all the data points obtained from every organoid in an embedded array. This strategy could help us study the phenotypic changes in organoids in disease models and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haihua Ma
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ben Long
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou 215125, China
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37
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Sefiani A. Morphological screens using aged primary adult neuronal, microglial, and astrocytic cultures to find novel neurotherapeutics. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1253192. [PMID: 37692551 PMCID: PMC10484707 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The average age of a patient with neurotraumatic injuries or neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing worldwide. The preclinical live animal models used for neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases are typically young adults, failing to represent the age of humans in the clinic. This dichotomy in age between human populations and animal models is likely to impede the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of most neurological disorders and the translation of their respective promising therapies. This lack of cohesion between animal models and patients in the clinic begins prior to in vivo testing, it starts during the in vitro drug screening phase. Conventional screening methods typically involve the use of stem cell derived neural cells, with some researchers using embryonic derived neural cells instead. These cells lack the fundamental characteristics present in aged neural cells, such as age-induced changes in process length and branching in microglia and how astrocytes respond to various insults. Various technologies and techniques have been developed recently that can help researchers use age-appropriate neural cells for their drug discovery endeavors. The use of age-appropriate neural cells during screening phases is hypothesized to significantly increase the translation rate of the hits to the geriatric patients suffering from neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Sefiani
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- NeuroCreis, Inc., College Station, TX, United States
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38
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Hu Y, Zhao M, Wang H, Guo Y, Cheng X, Zhao T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Tao W. Exosome-sheathed ROS-responsive nanogel to improve targeted therapy in perimenopausal depression. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:261. [PMID: 37553718 PMCID: PMC10408189 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of natural membranes as coatings for nanoparticles to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents an effective approach for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this study, we have designed a nanogel loaded with PACAP and estrogen (E2), sheathed with exosomes and responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), denoted as HA NGs@exosomes. The objective of this novel design is to serve as a potent drug carrier for the targeted treatment of perimenopausal depression. The efficient cellular uptake and BBB penetration of HA NGs@exosomes has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Following intranasal intervention with HA NGs@exosomes, ovariectomized mice under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) have shown improved behavioral performance, indicating that HA NGs@exosomes produced a rapid-onset antidepressant effect. Moreover, HA NGs@exosomes exhibit notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may regulate the expression of pivotal proteins in the PACAP/PAC1 pathway to promote synaptic plasticity. Our results serve as a proof-of-concept for the utility of exosome-sheathed ROS-responsive nanogel as a promising drug carrier for the treatment of perimenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 8 Zhongnan West Road, Wuxi, 214071, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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39
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de Deus JL, Amorim MR, da Silva Junior RMP, Jesus AA, de Barcellos Filho PCG, Cárnio EC, Cunha AOS, Leão RM, Branco LG. Inhaled molecular hydrogen reduces hippocampal neuroinflammation, glial reactivity and ameliorates memory impairment during systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100654. [PMID: 37449286 PMCID: PMC10336161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with numerous physiological and biochemical abnormalities that result in a life-threatening condition. The involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS) during sepsis has received considerable attention, especially the hippocampus which plays a key role in the learning and memory processes. The increased interest in this limbic region during systemic inflammation (SI) is related to the number of sepsis survivor patients who have cognitive impairments. A single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation is the most commonly used murine endotoxemia model because it replicates several pathophysiological changes observed in severe sepsis. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been used as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy to prevent neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms by which inhaled H2 mitigate memory loss during SI remains unknown. To understand how H2 acts in the hippocampus, the current study focused on specific mechanisms that may be involved in reducing neuroinflammation in rats during SI. We hypothesized that inhaled H2 decreases LPS-induced hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines surges and this effect is associated with reduced memory loss. Using different and integrative approaches, i.e., from hippocampal cells electrophysiology to animal behavior, we report that inhaled H2 decreased LPS-induced peripheral and hippocampal inflammation, decreased microglial and astrocytic activation, lessen memory loss without affecting long-term potentiation (LTP). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing that inhaled H2 reduces hippocampal microglial and glial cells inflammation, which may be associated with a reduced memory impairment induced by SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júnia Lara de Deus
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Ramos Amorim
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Aline Alves Jesus
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Maurício Leão
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz G.S. Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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40
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Purushotham SS, Buskila Y. Astrocytic modulation of neuronal signalling. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1205544. [PMID: 37332623 PMCID: PMC10269688 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1205544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal signalling is a key element in neuronal communication and is essential for the proper functioning of the CNS. Astrocytes, the most prominent glia in the brain play a key role in modulating neuronal signalling at the molecular, synaptic, cellular, and network levels. Over the past few decades, our knowledge about astrocytes and their functioning has evolved from considering them as merely a brain glue that provides structural support to neurons, to key communication elements. Astrocytes can regulate the activity of neurons by controlling the concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters in the extracellular milieu, as well as releasing chemicals and gliotransmitters that modulate neuronal activity. The aim of this review is to summarise the main processes through which astrocytes are modulating brain function. We will systematically distinguish between direct and indirect pathways in which astrocytes affect neuronal signalling at all levels. Lastly, we will summarize pathological conditions that arise once these signalling pathways are impaired focusing on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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41
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Zhang WJ, Li MY, Wang CY, Feng X, Hu DX, Wu LD, Hu JL. P2Y12 receptor involved in the development of chronic nociceptive pain as a sensory information mediator. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114975. [PMID: 37267639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct or indirect damage to the nervous system (such as inflammation or tumor invasion) can lead to dysfunction and pain. The generation of pain is mainly reflected in the activation of glial cells and the abnormal discharge of sensory neurons, which transmit stronger sensory information to the center. P2Y12 receptor plays important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and pain. P2Y12 receptor involved in the occurrence of pain as a sensory information mediator, which enhances the activation of microglia and the synaptic plasticity of primary sensory neurons, and reaches the higher center through the ascending conduction pathway (mainly spinothalamic tract) to produce pain. While the application of P2Y12 receptor antagonists (PBS-0739, AR-C69931MX and MRS2359) have better antagonistic activity and produce analgesic pharmacological properties. Therefore, in this article, we discussed the role of the P2Y12 receptor in different chronic pains and its use as a pharmacological target for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Mei-Yong Li
- Department of Laboratory medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
| | - Jia-Ling Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province 343000, China.
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42
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Girardi G, Zumpano D, Goshi N, Raybould H, Seker E. Cultured Vagal Afferent Neurons as Sensors for Intestinal Effector Molecules. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:601. [PMID: 37366967 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis embodies the bi-directional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS), where vagal afferent neurons (VANs) serve as sensors for a variety of gut-derived signals. The gut is colonized by a large and diverse population of microorganisms that communicate via small (effector) molecules, which also act on the VAN terminals situated in the gut viscera and consequently influence many CNS processes. However, the convoluted in vivo environment makes it difficult to study the causative impact of the effector molecules on VAN activation or desensitization. Here, we report on a VAN culture and its proof-of-principle demonstration as a cell-based sensor to monitor the influence of gastrointestinal effector molecules on neuronal behavior. We initially compared the effect of surface coatings (poly-L-lysine vs. Matrigel) and culture media composition (serum vs. growth factor supplement) on neurite growth as a surrogate of VAN regeneration following tissue harvesting, where the Matrigel coating, but not the media composition, played a significant role in the increased neurite growth. We then used both live-cell calcium imaging and extracellular electrophysiological recordings to show that the VANs responded to classical effector molecules of endogenous and exogenous origin (cholecystokinin serotonin and capsaicin) in a complex fashion. We expect this study to enable platforms for screening various effector molecules and their influence on VAN activity, assessed by their information-rich electrophysiological fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Girardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danielle Zumpano
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Noah Goshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Helen Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erkin Seker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Dai H, Zheng Q, Shan S, Lei Y, Zhang J, Zhong C, Xu Y, Liu Z, Ren T. A novel type of serum‑free medium for culturing human airway epithelium cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:239. [PMID: 37114176 PMCID: PMC10126810 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel serum-free medium (SFM) to culture human airway epithelium cells (hAECs). hAECs were cultured in the novel SFM as the experimental group in the PneumaCult-Ex medium and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control groups. Cell morphology, proliferative capacity, differentiation capacity and expression levels of basal cell markers were assessed accordingly in both culture systems. Optical microscope photos of hAECs were collected for cell morphology assessment. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was conducted to assess the proliferation ability, and an air-liquid interface (ALI) assay was conducted to assess the differentiation capacity. Markers for proliferating basal and differentiated cells were relatively identified by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analysis. The results show that whether grown in the novel SFM or Ex medium, hAECs exhibited similar morphology at every passage, whereas cells could hardly form colonies in the DMEM + FBS group. Cells typically exhibited cobblestone shape, while a proportion of them in the novel SFM at late passage exhibited a larger shape. White vesicles appeared in the cytoplasm of some control cells at the later stage of culture. Basal cell markers (P63+KRT5+KI67+CC10-) for proliferating ability were found in the hAECs cultured by the novel SFM and Ex medium. hAECs at passage 3 cultured in the novel SFM and Ex medium both had the capacity to differentiate into ciliated cells (acetylated tubulin+), goblet cells (MUC5AC+) and club cells (CC10+) in the ALI culture assay. In conclusion, the novel SFM was capable of culturing hAECs. The hAECs cultured by the novel SFM could proliferate and differentiate in vitro. The novel SFM does not change the morphological characteristics or biomarkers of hAECs. The novel SFM has the potential for the amplification of hAECs for scientific research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiong Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yongle Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Tao Ren or Dr Zeyu Liu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Tao Ren or Dr Zeyu Liu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Roggan MD, Kronenberg J, Wollert E, Hoffmann S, Nisar H, Konda B, Diegeler S, Liemersdorf C, Hellweg CE. Unraveling astrocyte behavior in the space brain: Radiation response of primary astrocytes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1063250. [PMID: 37089489 PMCID: PMC10116417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionExposure to space conditions during crewed long-term exploration missions can cause several health risks for astronauts. Space radiation, isolation and microgravity are major limiting factors. The role of astrocytes in cognitive disturbances by space radiation is unknown. Astrocytes' response toward low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon (12C) and iron (56Fe) ions was compared to reveal possible effects of space-relevant high-LET radiation. Since astronauts are exposed to ionizing radiation and microgravity during space missions, the effect of simulated microgravity on DNA damage induction and repair was investigated.MethodsPrimary murine cortical astrocytes were irradiated with different doses of X-rays, 12C and 56Fe ions at the heavy ion accelerator GSI. DNA damage and repair (γH2AX, 53BP1), cell proliferation (Ki-67), astrocytes' reactivity (GFAP) and NF-κB pathway activation (p65) were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle progression was investigated by flow cytometry of DNA content. Gene expression changes after exposure to X- rays were investigated by mRNA-sequencing. RT-qPCR for several genes of interest was performed with RNA from X-rays- and heavy-ion-irradiated astrocytes: Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, Gfap, Tnf, Il1β, Il6, and Tgfβ1. Levels of the pro inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were determined using ELISA. DNA damage response was investigated after exposure to X-rays followed by incubation on a 2D clinostat to simulate the conditions of microgravity.ResultsAstrocytes showed distinct responses toward the three different radiation qualities. Induction of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and the respective repair was dose-, LET- and time-dependent. Simulated microgravity had no significant influence on DNA DSB repair. Proliferation and cell cycle progression was not affected by radiation qualities examined in this study. Astrocytes expressed IL-6 and GFAP with constitutive NF-κB activity independent of radiation exposure. mRNA sequencing of X-irradiated astrocytes revealed downregulation of 66 genes involved in DNA damage response and repair, mitosis, proliferation and cell cycle regulation.DiscussionIn conclusion, primary murine astrocytes are DNA repair proficient irrespective of radiation quality. Only minor gene expression changes were observed after X-ray exposure and reactivity was not induced. Co-culture of astrocytes with microglial cells, brain organoids or organotypic brain slice culture experiments might reveal whether astrocytes show a more pronounced radiation response in more complex network architectures in the presence of other neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Denise Roggan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Kronenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Wollert
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bikash Konda
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian Liemersdorf
- Department of Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christine E. Hellweg
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Han T, Song P, Wu Z, Wang C, Liu Y, Ying W, Li K, Shen C. Inflammatory stimulation of astrocytes affects the expression of miRNA-22-3p within NSCs-EVs regulating remyelination by targeting KDM3A. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 36959678 PMCID: PMC10035185 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) are critical for the remyelination of axons following spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell-cell communication plays a key role in the regulation of the differentiation of NSCs. Astrocytes act as immune cells that encounter early inflammation, forming a glial barrier to prevent the spread of destructive inflammation following SCI. In addition, the cytokines released from astrocytes participate in the regulation of the differentiation of NSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytokines released from inflammation-stimulated astrocytes on the differentiation of NSCs following SCI and to explore the influence of these cytokines on NSC-NSC communication. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of astrocytes increased bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) release, which not only promoted the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes and inhibited axon remyelination in SCI lesions but also enriched miRNA-22-3p within extracellular vesicles derived from NSCs. These miRNA-22 molecules function as a feedback loop to promote NSC differentiation into oligodendrocytes and the remyelination of axons following SCI by targeting KDM3A. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that by releasing BMP2, astrocytes were able to regulate the differentiation of NSCs and NSC-NSC communication by enriching miRNA-22 within NSC-EVs, which in turn promoted the regeneration and remyelination of axons by targeting the KDM3A/TGF-beta axis and the recovery of neurological outcomes following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cancan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunlei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang city, China
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei city, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cailiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
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Baričević Z, Ayar Z, Leitao SM, Mladinic M, Fantner GE, Ban J. Label-Free Long-Term Methods for Live Cell Imaging of Neurons: New Opportunities. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:404. [PMID: 36979616 PMCID: PMC10046152 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-lapse light microscopy combined with in vitro neuronal cultures has provided a significant contribution to the field of Developmental Neuroscience. The establishment of the neuronal polarity, i.e., formation of axons and dendrites, key structures responsible for inter-neuronal signaling, was described in 1988 by Dotti, Sullivan and Banker in a milestone paper that continues to be cited 30 years later. In the following decades, numerous fluorescently labeled tags and dyes were developed for live cell imaging, providing tremendous advancements in terms of resolution, acquisition speed and the ability to track specific cell structures. However, long-term recordings with fluorescence-based approaches remain challenging because of light-induced phototoxicity and/or interference of tags with cell physiology (e.g., perturbed cytoskeletal dynamics) resulting in compromised cell viability leading to cell death. Therefore, a label-free approach remains the most desirable method in long-term imaging of living neurons. In this paper we will focus on label-free high-resolution methods that can be successfully used over a prolonged period. We propose novel tools such as scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) or digital holography microscopy (DHM) that could provide new insights into live cell dynamics during neuronal development and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zahra Ayar
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Samuel M. Leitao
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Georg E. Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
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Zorina SA, Jurja S, Mehedinti M, Stoica AM, Chita DS, Floris SA, Axelerad A. Infectious Microorganisms Seen as Etiologic Agents in Parkinson’s Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030805. [PMID: 36983960 PMCID: PMC10053287 DOI: 10.3390/life13030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent a possible risk factor for parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on information from epidemiology and fundamental science. The risk is unclear for the majority of agents. Moreover, the latency between infection and PD seems to be very varied and often lengthy. In this review, the evidence supporting the potential involvement of infectious microorganisms in the development of Parkinson’s disease is examined. Consequently, it is crucial to determine the cause and give additional treatment accordingly. Infection is an intriguing suggestion regarding the cause of Parkinson’s disease. These findings demonstrate that persistent infection with viral and bacterial microorganisms might be a cause of Parkinson’s disease. As an initiating factor, infection may generate a spectrum of gut microbiota dysbiosis, engagement of glial tissues, neuroinflammation, and alpha-synuclein accumulation, all of which may trigger and worsen the onset in Parkinson’s disease also contribute to its progression. Still uncertain is the primary etiology of PD with infection. The possible pathophysiology of PD infection remains a matter of debate. Furthermore, additional study is required to determine if PD patients develop the disease due to infectious microorganisms or solely since they are more sensitive to infectious causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuparu Alina Zorina
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihaela Mehedinti
- Department of Morphological and Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos”, 800017 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Stoica
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Dana Simona Chita
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine and Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Stuparu Alexandru Floris
- Department of Orthopedy and Traumatology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Any Axelerad
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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Goshi N, Kim H, Girardi G, Gardner A, Seker E. Electrophysiological Activity of Primary Cortical Neuron-Glia Mixed Cultures. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050821. [PMID: 36899957 PMCID: PMC10001406 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a central role in many neurological disorders, ranging from traumatic brain injuries to neurodegeneration. Electrophysiological activity is an essential measure of neuronal function, which is influenced by neuroinflammation. In order to study neuroinflammation and its electrophysiological fingerprints, there is a need for in vitro models that accurately capture the in vivo phenomena. In this study, we employed a new tri-culture of primary rat neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in combination with extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques using multiple electrode arrays (MEAs) to determine the effect of microglia on neural function and the response to neuroinflammatory stimuli. Specifically, we established the tri-culture and its corresponding neuron-astrocyte co-culture (lacking microglia) counterpart on custom MEAs and monitored their electrophysiological activity for 21 days to assess culture maturation and network formation. As a complementary assessment, we quantified synaptic puncta and averaged spike waveforms to determine the difference in excitatory to inhibitory neuron ratio (E/I ratio) of the neurons. The results demonstrate that the microglia in the tri-culture do not disrupt neural network formation and stability and may be a better representation of the in vivo rat cortex due to its more similar E/I ratio as compared to more traditional isolated neuron and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. In addition, only the tri-culture displayed a significant decrease in both the number of active channels and spike frequency following pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide exposure, highlighting the critical role of microglia in capturing electrophysiological manifestations of a representative neuroinflammatory insult. We expect the demonstrated technology to assist in studying various brain disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Goshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyehyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gregory Girardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Gardner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erkin Seker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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A Pore Forming Toxin-like Protein Derived from Chinese Red Belly Toad Bombina maxima Triggers the Pyroptosis of Hippomal Neural Cells and Impairs the Cognitive Ability of Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030191. [PMID: 36977082 PMCID: PMC10054870 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-like proteins and peptides of skin secretions from amphibians play important physiological and pathological roles in amphibians. βγ-CAT is a Chinese red-belly toad-derived pore-forming toxin-like protein complex that consists of aerolysin domain, crystalline domain, and trefoil factor domain and induces various toxic effects via its membrane perforation process, including membrane binding, oligomerization, and endocytosis. Here, we observed the death of mouse hippocampal neuronal cells induced by βγ-CAT at a concentration of 5 nM. Subsequent studies showed that the death of hippocampal neuronal cells was accompanied by the activation of Gasdermin E and caspase-1, suggesting that βγ-CAT induces the pyroptosis of hippocampal neuronal cells. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that the pyroptosis induced by βγ-CAT is dependent on the oligomerization and endocytosis of βγ-CAT. It is well known that the damage of hippocampal neuronal cells leads to the cognitive attenuation of animals. The impaired cognitive ability of mice was observed after intraperitoneal injection with 10 μg/kg βγ-CAT in a water maze assay. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unknown toxicological function of a vertebrate-derived pore-forming toxin-like protein in the nerve system, which triggers the pyroptosis of hippocampal neuronal cells, ultimately leading to hippocampal cognitive attenuation.
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Wang X, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Huang M, Liu X. Maresin1 can be a potential therapeutic target for nerve injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114466. [PMID: 36870281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury significantly affects human motor and sensory function due to destruction of the integrity of nerve structure. In the wake of nerve injury, glial cells are activated, and synaptic integrity is destroyed, causing inflammation and pain hypersensitivity. Maresin1, an omega-3 fatty acid, is a derivative of docosahexaenoic acid. It has showed beneficial effects in several animal models of central and peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we summarize the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pain hypersensitivity effects of maresin1 in nerve injury and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of nerve injury using maresin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Bupa Cromwell Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
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