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Lu Q, Yu A, Pu J, Chen D, Zhong Y, Bai D, Yang L. Post-stroke cognitive impairment: exploring molecular mechanisms and omics biomarkers for early identification and intervention. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1375973. [PMID: 38845616 PMCID: PMC11153683 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1375973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a major stroke consequence that has a severe impact on patients' quality of life and survival rate. For this reason, it is especially crucial to identify and intervene early in high-risk groups during the acute phase of stroke. Currently, there are no reliable and efficient techniques for the early diagnosis, appropriate evaluation, or prognostication of PSCI. Instead, plenty of biomarkers in stroke patients have progressively been linked to cognitive impairment in recent years. High-throughput omics techniques that generate large amounts of data and process it to a high quality have been used to screen and identify biomarkers of PSCI in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the disease. These techniques include metabolomics, which explores dynamic changes in the organism, gut microbiomics, which studies host-microbe interactions, genomics, which elucidates deeper disease mechanisms, transcriptomics and proteomics, which describe gene expression and regulation. We looked through electronic databases like PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and common databases for each omics to find biomarkers that might be connected to the pathophysiology of PSCI. As all, we found 34 studies: 14 in the field of metabolomics, 5 in the field of gut microbiomics, 5 in the field of genomics, 4 in the field of transcriptomics, and 7 in the field of proteomics. We discovered that neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis may be the primary causes of PSCI development, and that metabolomics may play a role in the molecular mechanisms of PSCI. In this study, we summarized the existing issues across omics technologies and discuss the latest discoveries of PSCI biomarkers in the context of omics, with the goal of investigating the molecular causes of post-stroke cognitive impairment. We also discuss the potential therapeutic utility of omics platforms for PSCI mechanisms, diagnosis, and intervention in order to promote the area's advancement towards precision PSCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Anqi Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Lining Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
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Wei X, Zhang F, Cheng D, Wang Z, Xing N, Yuan J, Zhang W, Xing F. Free heme induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by microglial activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38183122 PMCID: PMC10768134 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion is related to perioperative neurocognitive disorders. The toxic effect of free heme has been identified in many pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of RBCs transfusion or free heme in cognitive impairment have not been clearly explored. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the mechanism of free heme-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. METHODS Rats were received intraperitoneal injection of hemin alone or combined with intracerebroventricular injection of Hemopexin (HPX), and MWM test was conducted to measure cognitive function. The amount of heme-HPX complexes was evaluated by flow cytometry for CD91 + cells. The microglial inflammatory response in rat brain was observed by immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1, and the inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat brain and BV2 cells were detected by ELISA analysis. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells alone and in HT22 + BV2 coculture system was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, western blot was conducted to detect TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins in rat brain and BV2 cells treated with hemin or combined with pathway inhibitors. Additionally, the M1 surface marker CD86 was observed in BV2 cells to further confirm neuroinflammation. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of hemin induced cognitive impairment, increase of CD91 + cells, up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β, down-regulation of IL-6, activation of microglia, and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat brain. Significantly, intracerebroventricular injection of HPX reduced the above effects. Hemin induced boost of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BV2 cells, as well as apoptosis in HT22 cells. Notably, when HT22 cells were cocultured with BV2 cells, apoptosis was significantly increased. Hemin also induced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the M1 surface marker CD86 in BV2 cells, and inhibiting this pathway reduced the inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Free heme induces cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanism may involve neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. HPX may have potential therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Bejoy J, Farry JM, Qian ES, Dearing CH, Ware LB, Bastarache JA, Woodard LE. Ascorbate protects human kidney organoids from damage induced by cell-free hemoglobin. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050342. [PMID: 37942584 PMCID: PMC10695115 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) is released into the circulation of patients with severe sepsis and the levels of CFH are independently associated with mortality. CFH treatment increased cytotoxicity in the human tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. To better model the intact kidney, we cultured human kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. We treated human kidney organoids grown using both three-dimensional and transwell protocols with CFH for 48 h. We found evidence for increased tubular toxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, endothelial cell injury and injury-associated transcripts compared to those of the untreated control group. To evaluate the protective effect of clinically available small molecules, we co-treated CFH-injured organoids with ascorbate (vitamin C) or acetaminophen for 48 h. We found significantly decreased toxicity, preservation of endothelial cells and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation in the group receiving ascorbate following CFH treatment. This study provides direct evidence that ascorbate or ascorbic acid protects human kidney cells from CFH-induced damage such as that in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bejoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justin M. Farry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eddie S. Qian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Curtis H. Dearing
- Vanderbilt Experimental Research Training Inclusion Community Engagement Skills (VERTICES) program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie A. Bastarache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Lauren E. Woodard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Teofili L, Papacci P, Giannantonio C, Bianchi M, Giovanna Valentini C, Vento G. Allogenic Cord Blood Transfusion in Preterm Infants. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:881-893. [PMID: 37866854 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterm neonates cause the progressive displacement of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) by adult hemoglobin. The ensuing increase of oxygen delivery may result at the cellular level in a dangerous condition of hyperoxia, explaining the association between low-HbF levels and retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Transfusing preterm neonates with RBC concentrates obtained from allogeneic umbilical blood is a strategy to increase hemoglobin concentration without depleting the physiologic HbF reservoir. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying a plausible beneficial impact of this strategy and reports clinical experience gathered so far in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Teofili
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Papacci
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Giannantonio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bianchi
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vento
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
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5
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Li N, Pang Q, Zhang Y, Lin J, Li H, Li Z, Liu Y, Fang X, An Y, Bai H, Li D, Cao Z, Liu J, Yang Q, Hu S. Ginsenoside ompound K reduces neuronal damage and improves neuronal synaptic dysfunction by targeting Aβ. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103012. [PMID: 36873999 PMCID: PMC9977807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative condition worldwide, with amyloid ß (Aβ) fibrils presenting as its main pathological feature. This study investigated whether Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) has activity against Aβ and its mechanism in reducing synaptic damage and cognitive impairment. Methods: The binding capacity of CK to Aβ42 and Nrf2/Keap1 was determined using molecular docking. Transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor CK-mediated degradation of Aβ fibrils. The effect of CK on the survival of Aβ42-damaged HT22 cells was determined using a CCK-8 assay. The therapeutic efficacy of CK in a scopoletin hydrobromide (SCOP) induced cognitive dysfunction mouse model was measured using a step-down passive avoidance test. GO enrichment analysis of mouse brain tissue was peformed using Genechip. Hydroxyl radical scavenging and reactive oxygen species assays were performed to verify the antioxidant activity of CK. The effects of CK on the expression of Aβ42, the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and other proteins were determined by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Molecular docking results showed that CK interacts with Lys16 and Glu3 of Aβ42. CK reduced the aggregation of Aβ42 as observed using transmission electron microscopy. CK increased the level of insulin-degrading enzyme and decreased the levels ß-secretase and γ-secretase; therefore, it can potentially inhibit the accumulation of Aβ in neuronal extracellular space in vivo. CK improved cognitive impairment and increased postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin expression levels in mice with SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction. Further, CK inhibited the expression of cytochrome C, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3. Based on Genechip data, CK was found to regulate molecular functions such as oxygen binding, peroxidase activity, hemoglobin binding, and oxidoreductase activity, thus affecting the production of oxidative free radicals in neurons. Further, CK regulated the expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway through its interaction with the Nrf2/Keap1 complex. Conclusion: Our findings show that CK regulates the balance between Aβ monomers production and clearance, CK binds to Aβ monomer to inhibits the accumulation of Aβ, increases the level of Nrf2 in neuronal nuclei, reduces oxidative damage of neurons, improves synaptic function, thus ultimately protecting neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qihang Pang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Lin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Fang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu An
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haonan Bai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dianyu Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanhong Cao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shaodan Hu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Iskusnykh IY, Chizhikov VV. Cerebellar development after preterm birth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068288. [PMID: 36523506 PMCID: PMC9744950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth and its complications and the associated adverse factors, including brain hemorrhage, inflammation, and the side effects of medical treatments, are the leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability. Growing evidence suggests that preterm birth affects the cerebellum, which is the brain region involved in motor coordination, cognition, learning, memory, and social communication. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of preterm birth because key cerebellar developmental processes, including the proliferation of neural progenitors, and differentiation and migration of neurons, occur in the third trimester of a human pregnancy. This review discusses the negative impacts of preterm birth and its associated factors on cerebellar development, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate cerebellar pathology. A better understanding of the cerebellar developmental mechanisms affected by preterm birth is necessary for developing novel treatment and neuroprotective strategies to ameliorate the cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits experienced by preterm subjects.
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Drvenica IT, Stančić AZ, Maslovarić IS, Trivanović DI, Ilić VL. Extracellular Hemoglobin: Modulation of Cellular Functions and Pathophysiological Effects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36421721 PMCID: PMC9688122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis through its ability to bind and transport oxygen to the tissues. Besides its ability to transport oxygen, hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays an important role in cellular signaling and modulation of the inflammatory response either directly by binding gas molecules (NO, CO, and CO2) or indirectly by acting as their source. Once hemoglobin reaches the extracellular environment, it acquires several secondary functions affecting surrounding cells and tissues. By modulating the cell functions, this macromolecule becomes involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases. The up-to-date results disclose the impact of extracellular hemoglobin on (i) redox status, (ii) inflammatory state of cells, (iii) proliferation and chemotaxis, (iv) mitochondrial dynamic, (v) chemoresistance and (vi) differentiation. This review pays special attention to applied biomedical research and the use of non-vertebrate and vertebrate extracellular hemoglobin as a promising candidate for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, as well as cell culture medium additive. Although recent experimental settings have some limitations, they provide additional insight into the modulatory activity of extracellular hemoglobin in various cellular microenvironments, such as stem or tumor cells niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T. Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Z. Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina S. Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka I. Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lj. Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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Su Y, Li G, Zhao H, Feng S, Lu Y, Liu J, Chen C, Jin F. The relationship between hemoglobin and triglycerides in moyamoya disease: A cross-sectional study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:994341. [PMID: 36158949 PMCID: PMC9493253 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.994341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) and lipid metabolism are critical in the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease (MMD), and Hb and triglycerides (TGs) both play roles in the development of cerebrovascular illness. However, there is little evidence of a link between Hb and TGs in patients with MMD. This study aimed to determine the association between Hb and TGs in patients who had recently been diagnosed with MMD. From March 2013 to December 2018, 337 patients clinically diagnosed with MMD were admitted to our hospital. Among these, 235 were selected for analysis in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Each patient's clinical features were documented. For analysis, we used univariate analysis, smoothed-curve fitting, and multivariable, piecewise linear regression. Overall, the mean±standard deviation patient age was 48.14 ± 11.24 years, 44.68% were men, and the mean Hb concentration was 135.72 ± 18.99 g/L. After controlling for relevant confounders, smoothed-curve fitting revealed a nonlinear association between the Hb and TG concentrations (P = 0.0448). When the Hb concentration was below 141 g/L, multivariate piecewise linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between the Hb and TG concentrations [β: 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.01; P = 0.0182], although the association disappeared above this threshold (β:-0.00, 95% CI:-0.01, 0.01; P = 0.4429). In individuals newly diagnosed with MMD, there is a significant correlation between Hb and TGs, which may be connected to MMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Genhua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jilan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
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Nishibori M. Novel aspects of sepsis pathophysiology: NETs, plasma glycoproteins, endotheliopathy and COVID-19. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:9-20. [PMID: 35926948 PMCID: PMC9197787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, sepsis was newly defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis remains one of the crucial medical problems to be solved worldwide. Although the world health organization has made sepsis a global health priority, there remain no specific and effective therapy for sepsis so far. Indeed, over the previous decades almost all attempts to develop novel drugs have failed. This may be partly ascribable to the multifactorial complexity of the septic cascade and the resultant difficulties of identifying drug targets. In addition, there might still be missing links among dysregulated host responses in vital organs. In this review article, recent advances in understanding of the complex pathophysiology of sepsis are summarized, with a focus on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the significant role of NETs in thrombosis/embolism, and the functional roles of plasma proteins, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and inter-alpha-inhibitor proteins (IAIPs). The specific plasma proteins that are markedly decreased in the acute phase of sepsis may play important roles in the regulation of blood cells, vascular endothelial cells and coagulation. The accumulating evidence may provide us with insights into a novel aspect of the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic ARDS, including that in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research and Drug Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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10
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The Toxic Influence of Excess Free Iron on Red Blood Cells in the Biophysical Experiment: An In Vitro Study. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:7113958. [PMID: 35256882 PMCID: PMC8898121 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is needed for life-essential processes, but free iron overload causes dangerous clinical consequences. The study of the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in the influence of excess free iron in the blood on the pathological consequences in an organism is relevant. Here, in a direct biophysical experiment in vitro, we studied the action of free iron overload on the packed red blood cell (pRBC) characteristics. In experiments, we incubated pRBCs with the ferrous sulfate solution (Fe2+). Wе used free iron in a wide range of concentrations. High Fe2+ concentrations made us possible to establish the pattern of the toxic effect of excess iron on pRBCs during a reduced incubation time in a biophysical experiment in vitro. It was found that excess free iron causes changes in pRBC morphology, the appearance of bridges between cells, and the formation of clots, increasing the membrane stiffness and methemoglobin concentration. We created a kinetic model of changes in the hemoglobin derivatives. The complex of simultaneous distortions of pRBCs established in our experiments can be taken into account when studying the mechanism of the toxic influence of excess free iron in the blood on pathological changes in an organism.
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Qin Z, Yang M, Lu Z, Babu VS, Li Y, Shi F, Zhan F, Liu C, Li J, Lin L. The Oxidative Injury of Extracellular Hemoglobin Is Associated With Reactive Oxygen Species Generation of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:843662. [PMID: 35265088 PMCID: PMC8899113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis is a fundamental feature of hemorrhagic venereal infection or tissue and releases the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern hemoglobin (Hb) into the plasma or tissues, which results in systemic inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction, thrombophilia, and proliferative vasculopathy. However, how the cytotoxic Hb affects the tissues of grass carp remains unclear. Here, we established a hemolysis model in grass carp by injecting phenylhydrazine (PHZ). The data revealed that the PHZ-induced hemolysis increased the content of Hb and activated the antioxidant system in plasma. The histopathology analysis data showed that the PHZ-induced hemolysis increased the accumulation of Hb and iron both in the head and middle kidney. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) detection suggested that the hemolysis upregulated the expressions of iron metabolism-related genes. In addition, the immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry data revealed that the hemolysis caused an obvious deposition of collagen fiber, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation and increased the content of oxidative-related enzymes such as β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lipid peroxide (LPO), and MDA in both the head and middle kidney. Furthermore, the PHZ-induced hemolysis significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted in apoptosis and modulated the expressions of cytokine-related genes. Taken together, excess of Hb released from hemolysis caused tissue oxidative damage, which may be associated with ROS and inflammation generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - V. Sarath Babu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- School of Sciences and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Lin, ; Jun Li,
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Lin, ; Jun Li,
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Tang Y, Yang S, Yao M, Yang M, Wei L, Chen H, Lin J, Huang Y, Lin L, Qin Z. Hemoglobin induces inflammation through NF-kB signaling pathway and causes cell oxidative damage in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1044299. [PMID: 36505464 PMCID: PMC9727223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic disease in grass carp (C. idella) leads to hemolysis in vivo, releasing damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) hemoglobin (Hb; which is rapidly oxidized to Hb-Fe3+ and Hb-Fe4+) and generating a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage. However, the effect of cell-free Hb on tissue cells of grass carp has yet to be elucidated. In this study, western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) results showed that PHZ-induced hemolysis caused Hb and iron accumulation, increased the production of ROS and resulted in apoptosis in head kidney and middle kidney of the grass carp. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), WB, and IFA revealed that PHZ-induced hemolysis significantly upregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. To further explore the effect of Hb, three forms of Hb (Hb, MetHb, and FerrylHb) were prepared. The incubation with the different forms of Hb and heme markedly upregulated the expression of cytokine genes through NF-κB signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by a specific inhibitor (caffeic acid phenethyl ester, CAPE). Flow cytometry analysis data showed that the stimulation of different forms of Hb and heme increased the production of ROS, and resulted in apoptosis. In summary, our data suggest that the excess cell-free Hb released during hemolysis modulates the inflammatory response through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and causes cell oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minshan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixiang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Preterm Intraventricular Hemorrhage-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168648. [PMID: 34445350 PMCID: PMC8395401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), red blood cell lysis and hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation with the release of heme can cause sterile neuroinflammation. In this study, we measured Hb derivates and cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with cell-free miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from Grade-III and Grade-IV preterm IVH infants (IVH-III and IVH-IV, respectively) at multiple time points between days 0–60 after the onset of IVH. Furthermore, human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs) were incubated with IVH and non-IVH CSF (10 v/v %) for 24 h in vitro to investigate the IVH-induced inflammatory response that was investigated via: (i) HMOX1, IL8, VCAM1, and ICAM1 mRNAs as well as miR-155, miR-223, and miR-181b levels by RT-qPCR; (ii) nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit by fluorescence microscopy; and (iii) reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. We found a time-dependent alteration of heme, IL-8, and adhesion molecules which revealed a prolonged elevation in IVH-IV vs. IVH-III with higher miR-155 and miR-181b expression at days 41–60. Exposure of HCPEpiCs to IVH CSF samples induced HMOX1, IL8, and ICAM1 mRNA levels along with increased ROS production via the NF-κB pathway activation but without cell death, as confirmed by the cell viability assay. Additionally, the enhanced intracellular miR-155 level was accompanied by lower miR-223 and miR-181b expression in HCPEpiCs after CSF treatment. Overall, choroid plexus epithelial cells exhibit an abnormal cell phenotype after interaction with pro-inflammatory CSF of IVH origin which may contribute to the development of later clinical complications in preterm IVH.
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