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Ma Y, Dong T, Luan F, Yang J, Miao F, Wei P. Interaction of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A with the blood-brain barrier. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2133-2152. [PMID: 39248155 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier remain poorly understood. The major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood-brain barrier function. It plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the transport of lipids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, across the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood-brain barrier. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood-brain barrier, including their basic structures and functions, cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood-brain barrier, and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. This comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the research progress to date. This will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis, and optimize clinical treatment strategies, but it may also play an important role in prognostic monitoring. In addition, the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood-brain barrier leakage in various diseases and the research progress on cross-blood-brain barrier drug delivery are summarized. This review may contribute to the development of new approaches for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Ma
- College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taiwei Dong
- College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Agency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Xixian New District Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Miao
- College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- National Drug Clinical Trial Agency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Xixian New District Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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2
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Liu X, Pan Z, Li Y, Huang X, Zhang X, Xiong F. Logistic regression model for predicting risk factors and contribution of cerebral microbleeds using renal function indicators. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1428625. [PMID: 39364422 PMCID: PMC11447291 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1428625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The brain and kidneys share similar low-resistance microvascular structures, receiving blood at consistently high flow rates and thus, are vulnerable to blood pressure fluctuations. This study investigates the causative factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), aiming to quantify the contribution of each risk factor by constructing a multivariate model via stepwise regression. Methods A total of 164 hospitalized patients were enrolled from January 2022 to March 2023 in this study, employing magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to assess the presence of CMBs. The presence of CMBs in patients was determined by SWI, and history, renal function related to CMBs were analyzed. Results Out of 164 participants in the safety analysis, 36 (21.96%) exhibited CMBs and 128 (78.04%) did not exhibit CMBs, and the median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 49-86 years). Multivariate logistic regression identified hypertension (OR = 13.95%, 95% CI: 4.52, 50.07%), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06-2.40), cystatin C (CyC) (OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.20-22.16), and urinary β-2 microglobulin, (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45-3.49) as significant risk factors for CMBs. The marginal R-square (R M 2 ) was 0.25. Among all determinants, hypertension (47.81%) had the highest weight, followed by UN (11.42%). Quasi-curves plotted using the bootstrap method (999 times) showed good agreement between the predictive model and actual observations. Conclusion Hypertension, BUN, urinary β-2 microglobulin, CyC were risk factors for CMBs morbidity, and controlling the above indicators within a reasonable range will help to reduce the incidence of CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Li
- Tianjin 4th Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xiner Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Cheng Y, Huang P, Lin L, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Zheng J, Wang Y, Pan X. Abnormal brain-heart electrophysiology in mild and severe orthostatic hypotension. J Hypertens 2024:00004872-990000000-00532. [PMID: 39207017 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the changes in cardiocerebral electrophysiology in patients with mild orthostatic hypotension (MOH) and severe orthostatic hypotension (SOH) and their relationship with the severity of orthostatic hypotension, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction. METHODS This study included 72 nonorthostatic hypotension (NOH), 17 with MOH, and 11 with SOH. Seated resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) and quantitative electroencephalogram parameters were synchronized and recorded. HRV measures in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, along with the peak frequency and power of the brain waves. RESULTS Abnormal neuronal activity was found in FP1 in patients with MOH, whereas it was more widespread in FP1, FP2, and O2 in patients with SOH (P < 0.05). Cardiac and cerebral electrophysiological abnormalities were significantly associated with orthostatic hypotension severity, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION Abnormal EEG activity in patients are mainly manifested in the prefrontal and occipital lobes, especially in patients with SOH. These results may help patients to better understand the mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension severity and psychiatric and cognitive impairment in orthostatic hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Neurology
- Four Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Neurology
- Four Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Neurology
- Four Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City
- Center for Geriatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Province
| | - Yahui Cheng
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang City
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Neurology
- Four Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Neurology
- Four Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City
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4
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Meijer WC, Gorter JA. Role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the development of poststroke epilepsy. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 39101543 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide and the most common cause of epilepsy in the elderly in high income nations. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes induce dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and that this impairment can contribute to epileptogenesis. Nevertheless, studies directly comparing BBB dysfunction and poststroke epilepsy (PSE) are largely absent. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of BBB dysfunction in the development of PSE in animal models and clinical studies. There are multiple mechanisms whereby stroke induces BBB dysfunction, including increased transcytosis, tight junction dysfunction, spreading depolarizations, astrocyte and pericyte loss, reactive astrocytosis, angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinase activation, neuroinflammation, adenosine triphosphate depletion, oxidative stress, and finally cell death. The degree to which these effects occur is dependent on the severity of the ischemia, whereby cell death is a more prominent mechanism of BBB disruption in regions of critical ischemia. BBB dysfunction can contribute to epileptogenesis by increasing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, increasing stroke size and the amount of cerebral vasogenic edema, extravasation of excitatory compounds, and increasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, albumin extravasation after BBB dysfunction contributes to epileptogenesis primarily via increased transforming growth factor β signaling. Finally, seizures themselves induce BBB dysfunction, thereby contributing to epileptogenesis in a cyclical manner. In repairing this BBB dysfunction, pericyte migration via platelet-derived growth factor β signaling is indispensable and required for reconstruction of the BBB, whereby astrocytes also play a role. Although animal stroke models have their limitations, they provide valuable insights into the development of potential therapeutics designed to restore the BBB after stroke, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes and minimizing the occurrence of PSE. In pursuit of this goal, rapamycin, statins, losartan, semaglutide, and metformin show promise, whereby modulation of pericyte migration could also be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter C Meijer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Shen K, Shi Y, Wang X, Leung SW. Cellular Components of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Their Involvement in Aging-Associated Cognitive Impairment. Aging Dis 2024:AD.202.0424. [PMID: 39122454 DOI: 10.14336/ad.202.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human life expectancy has been significantly extended, which poses major challenges to our healthcare and social systems. Aging-associated cognitive impairment is attributed to endothelial dysfunction in the cardiovascular system and neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system. The central nervous system is considered an immune-privileged tissue due to the exquisite protection provided by the blood-brain barrier. The present review provides an overview of the structure and function of blood-brain barrier, extending the cell components of blood-brain barrier from endothelial cells and pericytes to astrocytes, perivascular macrophages and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In particular, the pathological changes in the blood-brain barrier in aging, with special focus on the underlying mechanisms and molecular changes, are presented. Furthermore, the potential preventive/therapeutic strategies against aging-associated blood-brain barrier disruption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Ws Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cen K, Huang Y, Xie Y, Liu Y. The guardian of intracranial vessels: Why the pericyte? Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116870. [PMID: 38850658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a pathological condition characterized by progressive narrowing or complete blockage of intracranial blood vessels caused by plaque formation. This condition leads to reduced blood flow to the brain, resulting in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Ischemic stroke (IS) resulting from ICAS poses a significant global public health challenge, especially among East Asian populations. However, the underlying causes of the notable variations in prevalence among diverse populations, as well as the most effective strategies for preventing and treating the rupture and blockage of intracranial plaques, remain incompletely comprehended. Rupture of plaques, bleeding, and thrombosis serve as precipitating factors in the pathogenesis of luminal obstruction in intracranial arteries. Pericytes play a crucial role in the structure and function of blood vessels and face significant challenges in regulating the Vasa Vasorum (VV)and preventing intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). This review aims to explore innovative therapeutic strategies that target the pathophysiological mechanisms of vulnerable plaques by modulating pericyte biological function. It also discusses the potential applications of pericytes in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and their prospects as a therapeutic intervention in the field of biological tissue engineering regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Cen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - YinFei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - YuMin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Moriggi M, Torretta E, Cescon M, Russo L, Gregorio I, Braghetta P, Sabatelli P, Faldini C, Merlini L, Gargioli C, Bonaldo P, Gelfi C, Capitanio D. Characterization of Proteome Changes in Aged and Collagen VI-Deficient Human Pericyte Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7118. [PMID: 39000224 PMCID: PMC11241165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are a distinct type of cells interacting with endothelial cells in blood vessels and contributing to endothelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, pericytes show mesenchymal stem cell properties. Muscle-derived pericytes can demonstrate both angiogenic and myogenic capabilities. It is well known that regenerative abilities and muscle stem cell potential decline during aging, leading to sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of pericytes in supporting muscle differentiation and angiogenesis in elderly individuals and in patients affected by Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy or by Bethlem myopathy, two inherited conditions caused by mutations in collagen VI genes and sharing similarities with the progressive skeletal muscle changes observed during aging. The study characterized pericytes from different age groups and from individuals with collagen VI deficiency by mass spectrometry-based proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. The findings revealed that aged pericytes display metabolic changes comparable to those seen in aging skeletal muscle, as well as a decline in their stem potential, reduced protein synthesis, and alterations in focal adhesion and contractility, pointing to a decrease in their ability to form blood vessels. Strikingly, pericytes from young patients with collagen VI deficiency showed similar characteristics to aged pericytes, but were found to still handle oxidative stress effectively together with an enhanced angiogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy;
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.R.); (I.G.); (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Loris Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.R.); (I.G.); (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Ilaria Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.R.); (I.G.); (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.R.); (I.G.); (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (L.R.); (I.G.); (P.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (C.G.)
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy;
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (C.G.)
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Deng S, Gao Y, Lv M, Li X, Ma Y, Guo Y, Li T, Zhang Y. I-C-F-6 attenuates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurological injury in mice by modulating microglia polarization. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3917-3928. [PMID: 37987796 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the leading cause of chronic cerebral dysfunction syndrome with its complex pathological mechanisms involving cortical and hippocampal neuronal loss, white matter lesions, and neuroinflammation. I-C-F-6 is a septapeptide, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of I-C-F-6 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced neurological injury. C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), and BV2 microglia cells were induced with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In vivo, mice were divided randomly into four groups: Sham, BCAS, GBE (30 mg/kg), and I-C-F-6 (0.5 mg/kg). In vitro, microglia were divided randomly into four groups: control, OGD, I-C-F-6 (25 μg/mL), and Shikonin (800 nmol/L). Through LFB, TUNEL, and NeuN staining, we found that I-C-F-6 was able to mitigate myelin pathology and reduce the number of apoptotic neurons. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed that I-C-F-6 was able to reduce microglia clustering and downregulate NF-κB p65. We also observed a significant downregulation of M1 phenotype microglia signature genes, such as TNF-α, iNOS, and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as Arg-1 and IL-10, indicating that I-C-F-6 may mainly reduce polarization towards the M1 phenotype in microglia. Notably, I-C-F-6 downregulated the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins IKK-β and NF-κB p65, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and iNOS. In conclusion, I-C-F-6 can improve neurological damage, alleviate neuroinflammation, and inhibit microglia polarization to the M1 phenotype via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Lv
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- College of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuefan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Jia R, Solé-Guardia G, Kiliaan AJ. Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1233-1240. [PMID: 37905869 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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10
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Chen ZA, Wu CH, Wu SH, Huang CY, Mou CY, Wei KC, Yen Y, Chien IT, Runa S, Chen YP, Chen P. Receptor Ligand-Free Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Streamlined Strategy for Targeted Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12716-12736. [PMID: 38718220 PMCID: PMC11112986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) represent a promising avenue for targeted brain tumor therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often presents a formidable obstacle to efficient drug delivery. This study introduces a ligand-free PEGylated MSN variant (RMSN25-PEG-TA) with a 25 nm size and a slight positive charge, which exhibits superior BBB penetration. Utilizing two-photon imaging, RMSN25-PEG-TA particles remained in circulation for over 24 h, indicating significant traversal beyond the cerebrovascular realm. Importantly, DOX@RMSN25-PEG-TA, our MSN loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), harnessed the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to achieve a 6-fold increase in brain accumulation compared to free DOX. In vivo evaluations confirmed the potent inhibition of orthotopic glioma growth by DOX@RMSN25-PEG-TA, extending survival rates in spontaneous brain tumor models by over 28% and offering an improved biosafety profile. Advanced LC-MS/MS investigations unveiled a distinctive protein corona surrounding RMSN25-PEG-TA, suggesting proteins such as apolipoprotein E and albumin could play pivotal roles in enabling its BBB penetration. Our results underscore the potential of ligand-free MSNs in treating brain tumors, which supports the development of future drug-nanoparticle design paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-An Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- Nano
Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc., Taipei 10087, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Neuroscience
Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nano
Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc., Taipei 10087, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Neuroscience
Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- School
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng
Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- Center
for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi
University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- Cancer
Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Chien
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sabiha Runa
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- SRS Medical Communications,
LLC, Cleveland, Ohio 44124, United States
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International
Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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11
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Zhang H, Shang J, Li W, Gao D, Zhang J. Increased Expression of VCAM1 on Brain Endothelial Cells Drives Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2028-2041. [PMID: 38710594 PMCID: PMC11099957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-triggered blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a core pathological change occurring in vascular dementia (VD). Despite the recent advances in the exploration of the structural basis of BBB impairment and the routes of entry of harmful compounds after a BBB leakage, the molecular mechanisms inducing BBB impairment remain largely unknown in terms of VD. Here, we employed a CCH-induced VD model and discovered increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression on the brain endothelial cells (ECs). The expression of VCAM1 was directly correlated with the severity of BBB impairment. Moreover, the VCAM1 expression was associated with different regional white matter lesions. Furthermore, a compound that could block VCAM1 activation, K-7174, was also found to alleviate BBB leakage and protect the white matter integrity, whereas pharmacological manipulation of the BBB leakage did not affect the VCAM1 expression. Thus, our results demonstrated that VCAM1 is an important regulator that leads to BBB dysfunction following CCH. Blocking VCAM1-mediated BBB impairment may thus offer a new strategy to treat CCH-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department
of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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12
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Ke X, Xia S, Yu W, Mabry S, Fu Q, Menden HL, Sampath V, Lane RH. Delta like 4 regulates cerebrovascular development and endothelial integrity via DLL4-NOTCH-CLDN5 pathway and is vulnerable to neonatal hyperoxia. J Physiol 2024; 602:2265-2285. [PMID: 38632887 DOI: 10.1113/jp285716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing brain vascularization during development remain poorly understood. A key regulator of developmental vascularization is delta like 4 (DLL4), a Notch ligand prominently expressed in endothelial cells (EC). Exposure to hyperoxia in premature infants can disrupt the development and functions of cerebral blood vessels and lead to long-term cognitive impairment. However, its role in cerebral vascular development and the impact of postnatal hyperoxia on DLL4 expression in mouse brain EC have not been explored. We determined the DLL4 expression pattern and its downstream signalling gene expression in brain EC using Dll4+/+ and Dll4+/LacZ mice. We also performed in vitro studies using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Finally, we determined Dll4 and Cldn5 expression in mouse brain EC exposed to postnatal hyperoxia. DLL4 is expressed in various cell types, with EC being the predominant one in immature brains. Moreover, DLL4 deficiency leads to persistent abnormalities in brain microvasculature and increased vascular permeability both in vivo and in vitro. We have identified that DLL4 insufficiency compromises endothelial integrity through the NOTCH-NICD-RBPJ-CLDN5 pathway, resulting in the downregulation of the tight junction protein claudin 5 (CLDN5). Finally, exposure to neonatal hyperoxia reduces DLL4 and CLDN5 expression in developing mouse brain EC. We reveal that DLL4 is indispensable for brain vascular development and maintaining the blood-brain barrier's function and is repressed by neonatal hyperoxia. We speculate that reduced DLL4 signalling in brain EC may contribute to the impaired brain development observed in neonates exposed to hyperoxia. KEY POINTS: The role of delta like 4 (DLL4), a Notch ligand in vascular endothelial cells, in brain vascular development and functions remains unknown. We demonstrate that DLL4 is expressed at a high level during postnatal brain development in immature brains and DLL4 insufficiency leads to abnormal cerebral vasculature and increases vascular permeability both in vivo and in vitro. We identify that DLL4 regulates endothelial integrity through NOTCH-NICD-RBPJ-CLDN5 signalling. Dll4 and Cldn5 expression are decreased in mouse brain endothelial cells exposed to postnatal hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrao Ke
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sherry Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Heather L Menden
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Lane
- Department of Administration, Children Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
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13
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Lim YA, Tan LS, Lee WT, Sim WL, Lv Y, Takakuni M, Saito S, Ihara M, Arumugam TV, Chen C, Wong FWS, Dawe GS. Hope for vascular cognitive impairment: Ac-YVAD-cmk as a novel treatment against white matter rarefaction. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299703. [PMID: 38630707 PMCID: PMC11023579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading cause of dementia with limited treatment options, characterised by cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter rarefaction (WMR). Subcortical VCI is the most common form of VCI, but the underlying reasons for region susceptibility remain elusive. Recent studies employing the bilateral cortical artery stenosis (BCAS) method demonstrate that various inflammasomes regulate white matter injury and blood-brain barrier dysfunction but whether caspase-1 inhibition will be beneficial remains unclear. To address this, we performed BCAS on C57/BL6 mice to study the effects of Ac-YVAD-cmk, a caspase-1 inhibitor, on the subcortical and cortical regions. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), WMR, neuroinflammation and the expression of tight junction-related proteins associated with blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed 15 days post BCAS. We observed that Ac-YVAD-cmk restored CBF, attenuated BCAS-induced WMR and restored subcortical myelin expression. Within the subcortical region, BCAS activated the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1beta axis only within the subcortical region, which was attenuated by Ac-YVAD-cmk. Although we observed that BCAS induced significant increases in VCAM-1 expression in both brain regions that were attenuated with Ac-YVAD-cmk, only ZO-1 and occludin were observed to be significantly altered in the subcortical region. Here we show that caspase-1 may contribute to subcortical regional susceptibility in a mouse model of VCI. In addition, our results support further investigations into the potential of Ac-YVAD-cmk as a novel treatment strategy against subcortical VCI and other conditions exhibiting cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Si Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maki Takakuni
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fred Wai-Shiu Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Stewart Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Wang J, Li Q, Chu S, Liu X, Zhang J, He W. Impact of Codonopsis decoction on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117585. [PMID: 38159825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Some species of Codonopsis (local name in Shanxi: Ludang) have long demonstrated high medicinal and economic value. Radix Codonopsis, the dried root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (C. pilosula), Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L.D.Shen (C. pilosula var. modesta), or Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Oliv.) D.Y.Hong (C. pilosula subsp. tangshen), was recorded as a traditional Chinese medicine back in the Qing Dynasty in Ben Cao Cong Xin. Radix Codonopsis, a valuable medicinal herb certified by the Chinese National Geographic Indication, is known for invigorating the spleen, nourishing the lungs, promoting blood circulation, and generating fluid properties. Given that chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is often associated with the symptoms of qi and blood deficiencies and fluid depletion, we explored the potential of Codonopsis decoction in the treatment of CCI. STUDY AIMS We investigated the effects of Codonopsis decoction on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function in rats with bilateral carotid artery occlusion after surgery; explored whether Codonopsis decoction alleviates pathological injuries in brain tissue of rats after 2-VO surgery; and assessed the impact of Codonopsis decoction on the expression of chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors, and inflammatory mediators in rats after 2-VO surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a 2-VO rat model to simulate CCI. We used a laser speckle imaging (LSI) system to observe changes in CBF before and after surgery. The goal was to examine variations in CBF at different time points after 2-VO surgery. For 4 weeks, the rats were orally administered Codonopsis decoction at doses of 2.7, 5.4, and 10.8 g/kg/day, or Ginaton at a dose of 43.2 mg/kg/day. To assess the effect of Codonopsis on cerebral hypoperfusion symptoms in rats, we conducted the Morris water maze (MWM), Barnes maze (BM), and forelimb grip strength tests. Additionally, pathological experiments including hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and Luxol fast blue staining were conducted. Furthermore, we used western blotting to detect changes in the levels of proteins such as the chemotactic factor CKLF1 and hypoxia-inducible actor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). RESULTS One week after 2-VO surgery, cerebral arterial blood supply in the rats rapidly reduced to approximately 43.39% ± 3.53% of the preoperative level. Cerebral cortex perfusion reached its nadir within 24 h of surgery, gradually recovering and stabilizing by the fourth week after surgery. An integration of the results from the BM, MWM, and grip strength tests, which assessed cognitive function and forelimb strength in rats after 2-VO surgery, unequivocally revealed that Codonopsis treatment significantly reduced the latency period and increased the number of platform crossings in the MWM test. Ginaton exhibited a comparable effect. Moreover, both Codonopsis and Ginaton decreased the number of errors and the time required to locate the target hole in the BM test. Histopathological staining revealed that Codonopsis and Ginaton could ameliorate pathological damage in rats after CCI and reduce the release of factors such as CKLF1 and HIF-1α. CONCLUSION Codonopsis decoction exerted its protective effects on CCI rats possibly by modulating the levels of chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors, and neuroinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
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15
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Nirwane A, Kang M, Adithan A, Maharaj V, Nguyen F, Santaella Aguilar E, Nasrollahi A, Yao Y. Endothelial and mural laminin-α5 contributes to neurovascular integrity maintenance. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38383451 PMCID: PMC10882802 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminin-α5, a major component of the basal lamina, is predominantly synthesized by endothelial and mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells) in the CNS. Loss of laminin-α5 in either population fails to induce any abnormalities due to functional redundancy. Thus, the functional significance of laminin-α5 in neurovascular integrity remains unknown. Here, we hypothesize that ablation of laminin-α5 in both endothelial and mural cells increases neurovascular permeability. METHODS The compound knockout mice were generated by crossing laminin-α5 floxed mice with Tie2-Cre and PDGFRβ-Cre, which target endothelial cells and mural cells, respectively. Neurovascular permeability in these mutants was determined with both exogenous and endogenous tracers. Endothelial paracellular and transcellular permeability was assessed by examining the expression of tight junction proteins and transcytosis-associated proteins. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize tight junction ultrastructure and endothelial caveolae vesicles. Defects in pericytes and astrocytes were investigated by examining pericyte coverage/contact and astrocyte polarity. RESULTS Elevated neurovascular permeability was observed in the mutants. Subsequent studies found increased Caveolin-1 and decreased major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (MFSD2A) expression, but unaltered Claudin-5 or zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression. Consistent with these results, mutant mice exhibited increased endothelial caveolae vesicle number with intact tight junction structure under TEM. Additionally, pericyte coverage and contact were also decreased in the mutant mice, while astrocyte polarity was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly indicate that endothelial and mural cell-derived laminin-α5 actively maintains neurovascular integrity via the transcellular rather than paracellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aravinthan Adithan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vrishni Maharaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Felicia Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elliot Santaella Aguilar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ava Nasrollahi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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16
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Cheng Y, Lin L, Jiang S, Huang P, Zhang J, Xin J, Xu H, Wang Y, Pan X. Aberrant microstructural integrity of white matter in mild and severe orthostatic hypotension: A NODDI study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14586. [PMID: 38421091 PMCID: PMC10851318 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scarce evidence is available to elucidate the association between the abnormal microstructure of white matter (WM) and cognitive performance in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH). This study investigated the microstructural integrity of WM in patients with mild OH (MOH) and severe OH (SOH) and evaluated the association of abnormal WM microstructure with the broad cognitive domains and cognition-related plasma biomarkers. METHODS Our study included 72 non-OH (NOH), 17 MOH, and 11 SOH participants. Across the groups, the WM integrity was analyzed by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and differences in WM microstructure were evaluated by nonparametric tests and post hoc models. The correlations between WM microstructure and broad cognitive domains and cognition-related plasma biomarkers were assessed by Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS The abnormal WM microstructure was localized to the WM fiber bundles in MOH patients but distributed widely in SOH cohorts (p < 0.05). Further analysis showed that the neurite density index of the left cingulate gyrus was negatively associated with amyloid β-40, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, phospho-tau181 (p < 0.05) but positively with global cognitive function (MOCA, MMSE, AER-III), memory, attention, language, language fluency, visuospatial function and amyloid β-40 / amyloid β-42 (p < 0.05). Additionally, other abnormal WM microstructures of OH were associated with broad cognitive domains and cognition-related plasma biomarkers to varying degrees. CONCLUSION The findings evidence that abnormal WM microstructures may present themselves as early as in the MOH phase and that these structural abnormalities are associated with cognitive functions and cognition-related plasma biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Shaofan Jiang
- Department of RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for TumorsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Jiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Center for GeriatricsHainan General HospitalHainanChina
| | - Jiawei Xin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Haibin Xu
- Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
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17
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Liu J, Xiao G, Liang Y, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1304864. [PMID: 38327496 PMCID: PMC10847563 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1304864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular and neurologic diseases primarily focus on the heart and brain, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed a causal relationship between heart and brain diseases. Cardiogenic dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by heart dysfunction and has received increasing research attention. The prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are essential to improve the quality of life, particularly in the elderly and aging population. This study describes the changes in cognitive function associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease. An updated understanding of the two known pathogenic mechanisms of cardiogenic dementia is presented and discussed. One is a cascade of events caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to long-term reduction of cardiac output after heart disease, and the other is cognitive impairment regardless of the changes in cerebral blood flow after cardiac injury. Furthermore, potential medications for the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are reviewed, with particular attention to multicomponent herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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18
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Jiang WR, Zhou YM, Wu W, Yang LJ, Wu Y, Zhang XY, Yao ZH. A circRNA ceRNA network involved in cognitive dysfunction after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1161-1181. [PMID: 38231472 PMCID: PMC10866435 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with cognitive dysfunction, the underlying mechanisms of which remain elusive, hindering the development of effective therapeutic approaches. In this study, we employed an established CCH animal model to delve into neuropathological alterations like oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis deficits, and other morphological alterations. Our findings revealed that while the number of neurons remained unchanged, there was a significant reduction in neuronal fibers post-CCH, as evidenced by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining. Moreover, myelin basic protein (MBP) staining showed exacerbated demyelination of neuronal fibers. Furthermore, we observed increased neuroinflammation, proliferation, and activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as synaptic loss and microglial-mediated synapse engulfment post-CCH. Utilizing RNA sequencing, differential expression analysis displayed alterations in both mRNAs and circRNAs. Following gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, both showed significant enrichment in immunological and inflammation-related terms and pathways. Importantly, the differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE circRNAs) exhibited a notable coexpression pattern with DE mRNAs. The ternary circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network was constructed, and subsequent analysis reiterated the significance of neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory dysfunction in CCH-induced neuropathological changes and cognitive dysfunction. This study underscores the potential role of circRNAs in these processes, suggesting them as promising therapeutic targets to mitigate the detrimental effects of CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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19
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Lv YJ, Zhang QX, Li JW, Yun WW, Zhang M. Correlation between Carotid Blood Flow Velocity and Total Magnetic Resonance Imaging Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients with Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts. Curr Neurovasc Res 2024; 20:528-534. [PMID: 38099528 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026285373231120054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common and internal carotid arteries are the upstream vessels of the small cerebral vessels. The relationship between hemodynamic changes in the significant cervical vessels and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains uncertain. This research sought to analyze the correlation between carotid blood flow velocity and the total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) burden of CSVD in patients with recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSIs). METHODS Data were gathered from individuals diagnosed with RSSIs admitted to Changzhou Second People's Hospital between January 2022 and June 2023. Brain MRI was performed on every patient to determine the overall MRI burden of CSVD, along with carotid duplex ultrasound to evaluate carotid blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (PI) of the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries. The association between carotid blood flow velocity and the total MRI load of CSVD was examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS For our investigation, 272 individuals with RSSIs were screened. 82 individuals had a moderate to severe load of CSVD, while 190 participants showed a mild burden. Patients with moderate to severe burden of CSVD had lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and higher PI in CCA and ICA than those with mild load (P < 0.001). After adjusting for variables like age, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and blood homocysteine levels, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that EDV in CCA (OR, 0.894; P = 0.011), PI in CCA (OR, 5.869; P = 0.017), EDV in ICA (OR, 0.909; P = 0.008), and PI in ICA (OR, 5.324; P = 0.041) were independently related to moderate to severe CSVD burden. Spearman correlation analysis showed that EDV in CCA and ICA was negatively related to the total MRI load of CSVD in patients with RSSIs (P < 0.001). PI in CCA and ICA was positively associated with the whole MRI load of CSVD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Low carotid blood flow velocity and high carotid pulsatility index are independently associated with moderate to severe burden of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Lv
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Wei Yun
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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20
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Yang X, Chang L, Liu Z, Geng X, Wang R, Yin X, Fan W, Zhao BQ. Neddylation in the chronically hypoperfused corpus callosum: MLN4924 reduces blood-brain barrier injury via ERK5/KLF2 signaling. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114587. [PMID: 37914067 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebrovascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathology in white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. Neddylation is the process of attaching a ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) to specific targets. By modifying protein substrates, neddylation plays critical roles in various important biological processes. However, whether neddylation influences the pathogenesis of hypoperfused brain remains unclear. In the present study, cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions were produced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in mice. The function of the neddylation pathway, BBB integrity, cerebrovascular dysfunction, myelin density in the corpus callosum and cognitive function were determined. We show that NEDD8 conjugation aberrantly amplified in microvascular endothelium in the corpus callosum following cerebral hypoperfusion. MLN4924, a small-molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme currently in clinical trials, preserved BBB integrity, attenuated glial activation and enhanced oligodendrocyte differentiation, and reduced hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions in the corpus callosum and thus improved cognitive performance via inactivating cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL). Administration of MLN4924 caused the accumulation of ERK5 and KLF2. The ERK5 inhibitor BIX 02189, down-regulated MLN4924-induced activation of KLF2 and reversed MLN4924-mediated increase in pericyte coverage and junctional proteins. Furthermore, BIX 02189 blocked MLN4924-afforded protection against BBB disruption and white matter lesions in the corpus callosum. Collectively, our results revealed that neddylation impairs vascular function and thus exacerbated the pathology of hypoperfused brain and that inhibition of neddylation with MLN4924 may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for cerebral hypoperfusion-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luping Chang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwang Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhui Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenying Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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21
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Shang J, Li W, Zhang H, Wang W, Liu N, Gao D, Wang F, Yan X, Gao C, Sun R, Zhang H, Ma K, Shao F, Zhang J. C-kit controls blood-brain barrier permeability by regulating caveolae-mediated transcytosis after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115778. [PMID: 38141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathology of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-related neurodegenerative diseases. Continuous endothelial cells (EC) that line the blood vessels of the brain are important components of the BBB to strictly control the flow of substances and maintain the homeostatic environment of the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms from the perspective of EC-induced BBB dysfunction after CCH are largely unknown. In this study, the BBB function was assessed using immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy. The EC dysfunction profile was screened by using EC enrichment followed by RNA sequencing. After identified the key EC dysfunction factor, C-kit, we used the C-kit inhibition drug (imatinib) and C-kit down-regulation method (AAV-BR1-C-kit shRNA) to verify the role of C-kit on BBB integrity and EC transcytosis after CCH. Furthermore, we also activated C-kit with stem cell factor (SCF) to observe the effects of C-kit on BBB following CCH. We explored that macromolecular proteins entered the brain mainly through EC transcytosis after CCH and caused neuronal loss. Additionally, we identified receptor tyrosine kinase C-kit as a key EC dysfunction molecule. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of C-kit with imatinib counteracted BBB leakage by reducing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. Moreover, treatment with AAV-BR1-C-kit shRNA, which targets brain EC to inhibit C-kit expression, also ameliorated BBB leakage by reducing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. Furthermore, the SCF increased the permeability of the BBB by actively increasing caveolae-mediated transcytosis. This study provides evidence that C-kit is a key BBB permeability regulator through caveolae-mediated transcytosis in EC after CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
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22
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Issabekova A, Kudaibergen G, Sekenova A, Dairov A, Sarsenova M, Mukhlis S, Temirzhan A, Baidarbekov M, Eskendirova S, Ogay V. The Therapeutic Potential of Pericytes in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 38275382 PMCID: PMC10813325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, as perivascular cells, are present in all vascularized organs and tissues, and they actively interact with endothelial cells in capillaries and microvessels. Their involvement includes functions like blood pressure regulation, tissue regeneration, and scarring. Studies have confirmed that pericytes play a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration through direct osteodifferentiation processes, paracrine actions, and vascularization. Recent preclinical and clinical experiments have shown that combining perivascular cells with osteogenic factors and tissue-engineered scaffolds can be therapeutically effective in restoring bone defects. This approach holds promise for addressing bone-related medical conditions. In this review, we have emphasized the characteristics of pericytes and their involvement in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we have explored recent advancements in the use of pericytes in preclinical and clinical investigations, indicating their potential as a therapeutic resource in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Issabekova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Gulshakhar Kudaibergen
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Aliya Sekenova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Aidar Dairov
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Madina Sarsenova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Sholpan Mukhlis
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Abay Temirzhan
- National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics Named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Murat Baidarbekov
- National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics Named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Saule Eskendirova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.I.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (S.E.)
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23
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Akbari S, Haghani M, Ghobadi M, Hooshmandi E, Haghighi AB, Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Azarpira N, Afshari A, Zabihi S, Nemati M, Bayat M. Combination Therapy with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells Increases Treatment Efficacy in Vascular Dementia. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:3784843. [PMID: 38146481 PMCID: PMC10749736 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3784843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and treatment mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and neural crest-derived epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in their administration alone and combination in vascular dementia (VaD) model by two-vessel occlusion (2VO). Methods. Sixty-six rats were divided into six groups: the control, sham, 2VO + vehicle, 2VO + PRP, 2VO + ESC, and 2VO + ESC + PRP. The treated groups received 1 million cells on days 4, 14, and 21 with or without 500 µl PRP (twice a week) after 2VO. The memory performance and anxiety were evaluated by behavioral tests including open field, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze. The basal-synaptic transmission (BST) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed through field-potential recordings of the CA1. The mRNA expression levels of IGF-1, TGF-β1, PSD-95, and GSk-3β were measured in the rat hippocampus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. The results demonstrated impaired learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the 2VO rats, along with a significant decrease in the expression of IGF-1, TGF-β1, PSD-95, and upregulation of GSK-3β. Treatment with ESC alone and ESC + PRP showed similar improvements in spatial memory and LTP induction, with associated upregulation of PSD-95 and downregulation of GSK-3β. However, only the ESC + PRP group showed recovery in BST. Furthermore, combination therapy was more effective than PRP monotherapy for LTP and memory. Conclusions. The transplantation of ESC showed better effects than PRP alone, and combination therapy increased the treatment efficacy with the recovery of BST. This finding may be a clue for the combination therapy of ESC and PRP for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Akbari
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghobadi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Zabihi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Hood RJ, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Beard DJ, Rust R, Turner RJ, Stuckey SM, Collins-Praino LE, Walker FR, Nilsson M, Ong LK. Leakage beyond the primary lesion: A temporal analysis of cerebrovascular dysregulation at sites of hippocampal secondary neurodegeneration following cortical photothrombotic stroke. J Neurochem 2023; 167:733-752. [PMID: 38010732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a cortical stroke causes persistent impairment of hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks concomitant with secondary neurodegenerative processes such as amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus, a region remote from the primary infarct. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence suggesting that deposition of amyloid-β around cerebral vessels may lead to cerebrovascular structural changes, neurovascular dysfunction, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity. However, there is limited knowledge about the temporal changes of hippocampal cerebrovasculature after cortical stroke. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. This was done using the photothrombotic stroke model targeting the motor and somatosensory cortices of mice. Cerebrovascular morphology as well as the co-localisation of amyloid-β with vasculature and blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed in the cortex and hippocampal regions at 7, 28 and 84 days post-stroke. Our findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke. When investigating vessel diameter, we showed a decrease at 84 days in the peri-infarct and CA1 regions that were exacerbated in vessels with amyloid-β deposition. Lastly, we showed sustained vascular leakage in the peri-infarct and ipsilateral hippocampus, indicative of a compromised blood-brain-barrier. Our findings indicate that hippocampal vasculature may represent an important therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hood
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Beard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renée J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon M Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences & Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Su C, Miao J, Guo J. The relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function in the brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110820. [PMID: 37979810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a pivotal role in synaptic formation, plasticity, and neurovascular unit regulation. This review highlights TGF-β1's potential impact on cognitive function, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. However, despite the growing body of evidence, a comprehensive understanding of TGF-β1's precise role remains elusive. Further research is essential to unravel the complex mechanisms through which TGF-β1 influences cognitive function and to explore therapeutic avenues for targeting TGF-β1 in neurodegenerative conditions. This investigation sheds light on TGF-β1's contribution to cognitive function and offers prospects for innovative treatments and interventions. This review delves into the intricate relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Jie Miao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China.
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26
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He Y, Li Z, Shi X, Ding J, Wang X. Metformin attenuates white matter injury and cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:78-94. [PMID: 37177813 PMCID: PMC10638997 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231175189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a series of cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular diseases and currently lacks effective treatments. The white matter, which is essential for neuronal information processing and integration, is nourished by a network of capillaries and is vulnerable to chronic hypoperfusion. Here, we show that metformin, a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, alleviates the white matter damage and improves cognitive impairment in a mouse model of VCID established by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS)-induced chronic hypoperfusion. Mechanistically, metformin restores the dysfunctions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) under hypoxia. Metformin up-regulates prolyl hydroxylases 2 via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, leading to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) degradation in OPCs. These findings suggest that metformin may have a promising therapeutic role in alleviating cognitive abnormalities by ameliorating white matter damage of VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, NMU, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Yuan H, Sun D, Ji Y, Meng B, Lu B, Liu R, Xing X, Wang R, Chen J. Pericyte loss impairs the blood-brain barrier and cognitive function in aged mice after anesthesia/surgery. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110799. [PMID: 38867419 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to investigate the role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). METHODS In this study, we established a PND model via sevoflurane anesthesia and tibial fracture surgery in 2-month-old and 16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. On the third postoperative day, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing or sacrificed to collect brain tissue. The progression of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation was detected using transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence. We also used western blotting to measure the levels of plasma-derived protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin in the hippocampus to assess the leakage of the BBB. RESULTS Aged mice did not experience age-related cognitive decline and BBB disruption compared with younger mice but only increased glial cell activity. Anesthesia/Surgery damaged cognitive function, reduced pericyte coverage, decreased the length of capillaries and levels of occludin and claudin-5, destroyed the structure of the BBB, exacerbated IgG and albumin accumulation in the hippocampus, and enhanced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of aged mice. However, these negative effects did not occur in young mice. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the loss of pericytes led to increased BBB permeability and neuroinflammation after anesthesia/surgery in aged mice, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Daofan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rongjun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Ruichun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Junping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
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Ma Y, Chen S, Li Y, Wang J, Yang J, Jing J, Liu X, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Tang Z. Effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide on cognitive functions and blood-brain barrier in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3207-3220. [PMID: 37243759 PMCID: PMC10567816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been one of the major types of cognitive impairment. Blood-brain barrier damage plays an essential part in the pathogenesis of VCI. At present, the treatment of VCI is mainly focused on prevention, with no drug clinically approved for the treatment of VCI. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on VCI rats. A modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (mBCCAO) model was applied to mimic VCI. The feasibility of the mBCCAO model was verified by laser Doppler, 13N-Ammonia-Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET), and Morris Water Maze. Subsequently, the Morris water maze experiment, Evans blue staining, and western blot of tight junction protein were performed to evaluate the effect of different doses of NBP (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) on the improvement of cognitive impairment and BBB disruption induced by mBCCAO. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the changes in pericyte coverage in the mBCCAO model and the effect of NBP on pericyte coverage was preliminarily explored. mBCCAO surgery led to obvious cognitive impairment and the decrease of whole cerebral blood flow, among which the blood flow in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus brain regions decreased more significantly. High-dose NBP (80 mg/kg) improved long-term cognitive function in mBCCAO rats, alleviated Evans blue leakage and reduced the loss of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-5) in the early course of the disease, thereby exerting a protective effect on the blood-brain barrier. No significant changes in pericyte coverage were observed after mBCCAO. High-dose NBP improved cognitive function in mBCCAO rats. High-dose NBP protected the integrity of BBB by upregulating TJ protein expression, rather than regulating pericyte coverage ratio. NBP could be a potential drug for the treatment of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li W, Niu X, Dai Y, Wu X, Li J, Sheng W. Rnf-213 Knockout Induces Pericyte Reduction and Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in Mouse. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6188-6200. [PMID: 37438553 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive occlusion of the internal carotid artery and the formation of an abnormal compensatory capillary network at the base of the brain. Genomics studies identified Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) as a common genetic factor that increases the susceptibility to MMD in East Asian people. However, the function of RNF213 and its roles in pathogenesis of MMD is unclear. Here, we showed that genetic knockout of Rnf213 in mice causes significant pericyte reduction and blood-brain barrier impairment in the cortex. These phenotypes are accompanied with microglia activation and elevated level of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Rnf213-deficient mice showed reduced expression of tight junction proteins, including Occludin, Claudin-5, and ZO-1. Together, these data suggested that RNF213 might contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD through disruption of pericyte homeostasis and blood-brain barrier integrity by dysregulation of inflammatory responses and tight junction formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyang Niu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaoxing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chen L, Zhen Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu G. Neurovascular glial unit: A target of phytotherapy for cognitive impairments. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155009. [PMID: 37573807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular glial unit (NVGU) dysfunction has been reported to be an early and critical event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Although herbal medicines, with their favorable safety profiles and low adverse effects, have been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, the potential role of the NVGU as the target of the effects of herbal medicines is still unclear. PURPOSE This review aimed to retrieve evidence from experimental studies of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the NVGU for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and VD, and discussed the potential of phytopharmaceuticals to improve cognitive impairment from the perspective of the NVGU. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords used for searching information on the NVGU in the treatment of cognitive impairments included "Alzheimer's disease," "Vascular dementia," "Herbal medicines," "Natural products," "Neurovascular," "Adverse reaction," and "Toxicity, etc." We selected studies on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS NVGU mainly consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and damage to these cells can induce cognitive impairment by impairing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as neuronal function. The active components of herbal medicines, including Ginkgo biloba L., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedium Folium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami flos, and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, as well as traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown the potential to improve BBB function and increase CBF to prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte and microglia activation, protecting oligodendrocyte myelin function, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines demonstrate great potential to prevent cognitive impairment. Multiple components from herbal medicines may function through different signaling pathways to target the NVGU. Future studies using novel drug-carrier or delivery systems targeting the NVGU will certainly facilitate the development of phytopharmaceuticals for AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Xue S, Zhou X, Yang ZH, Si XK, Sun X. Stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248970. [PMID: 37840921 PMCID: PMC10569696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional phenotype exhibited by the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is maintained and regulated by the interaction between cellular and non-cellular matrix components of the NVU. The BBB plays a vital role in maintaining the dynamic stability of the intracerebral microenvironment as a barrier layer at the critical interface between the blood and neural tissues. The large contact area (approximately 20 m2/1.3 kg brain) and short diffusion distance between neurons and capillaries allow endothelial cells to dominate the regulatory role. The NVU is a structural component of the BBB. Individual cells and components of the NVU work together to maintain BBB stability. One of the hallmarks of acute ischemic stroke is the disruption of the BBB, including impaired function of the tight junction and other molecules, as well as increased BBB permeability, leading to brain edema and a range of clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the cellular composition of the BBB and describes the protein composition of the barrier functional junction complex and the mechanisms regulating acute ischemic stroke-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37743487 PMCID: PMC10519090 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the aging population. Significant neurological deficits may result from a delayed diagnosis as well as inadequate neurological recovery following surgical decompression. Here, we review the pathophysiology of DCM with an emphasis on how blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a critical yet neglected pathological feature affecting prognosis. In patients suffering from DCM, compromise of the BSCB is evidenced by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum protein ratios and abnormal contrast-enhancement upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In animal model correlates, there is histological evidence of increased extravasation of tissue dyes and serum contents, and pathological changes to the neurovascular unit. BSCB dysfunction is the likely culprit for ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgical decompression, which can result in devastating neurological sequelae. As there are currently no therapeutic approaches specifically targeting BSCB reconstitution, we conclude the review by discussing potential interventions harnessed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pluta R, Miziak B, Czuczwar SJ. Post-Ischemic Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier to Amyloid and Platelets as a Factor in the Maturation of Alzheimer's Disease-Type Brain Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10739. [PMID: 37445917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present evidence of the impact of ischemic changes in the blood-brain barrier on the maturation of post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration with features of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the processes involved in the permeability of the post-ischemic blood-brain barrier during recirculation will provide clinically relevant knowledge regarding the neuropathological changes that ultimately lead to dementia of the Alzheimer's disease type. In this review, we try to distinguish between primary and secondary neuropathological processes during and after ischemia. Therefore, we can observe two hit stages that contribute to Alzheimer's disease development. The onset of ischemic brain pathology includes primary ischemic neuronal damage and death followed by the ischemic injury of the blood-brain barrier with serum leakage of amyloid into the brain tissue, leading to increased ischemic neuronal susceptibility to amyloid neurotoxicity, culminating in the formation of amyloid plaques and ending in full-blown dementia of the Alzheimer's disease type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Miziak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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34
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Guo X, Liu R, Jia M, Wang Q, Wu J. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction and the Involved Molecular Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x. [PMID: 37017889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is characterized by the abrupt failure of blood flow to a specific brain region, resulting in insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose to the ischemic tissues. Timely reperfusion of blood flow can rescue dying tissue but can also lead to secondary damage to both the infarcted tissues and the blood-brain barrier, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both primary and secondary damage result in biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier, leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic edema. Importantly, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and microglial activation are critical factors that worsen stroke outcomes. Activated microglia secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory factors during neuroinflammation, contributing to the second opening of the blood-brain barrier and worsening the outcome of ischemic stroke. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and other microglia-derived molecules have been shown to be involved in the breakdown of blood-brain barrier. Additionally, other non-microglia-derived molecules such as RNA, HSPs, and transporter proteins also participate in the blood-brain barrier breakdown process after ischemic stroke, either in the primary damage stage directly influencing tight junction proteins and endothelial cells, or in the secondary damage stage participating in the following neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier and concludes the association of microglia-derived and non-microglia-derived molecules with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China.
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Sun R, Shang J, Yan X, Zhao J, Wang W, Wang W, Li W, Gao C, Wang F, Zhang H, Wang Y, Cao H, Zhang J. VCAM1 Drives Vascular Inflammation Leading to Continuous Cortical Neuronal Loss Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1541-1555. [PMID: 36641679 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with neuronal loss and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment in vascular dementia (VaD). However, the relationship and the molecular mechanisms between BBB dysfunction and neuronal loss remain elusive. OBJECTIVE We explored the reasons for neuron loss following CCH. METHODS Using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) rat model, we observed the pathological changes of cortical neurons and BBB in the sham group as well as rats 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d post 2VO. In order to further explore the factors influencing neuron loss following CCH with regard to cortical blood vessels, we extracted cortical brain microvessels at five time points for transcriptome sequencing. Finally, integrin receptor a4β1 (VLA-4) inhibitor was injected into the tail vein, and cortical neuron loss was detected again. RESULTS We found that cortical neuron loss following CCH is a continuous process, but damage to the BBB is acute and transient. Results of cortical microvessel transcriptome analysis showed that biological processes related to vascular inflammation mainly occurred in the chronic phase. Meanwhile, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were significantly changed at this phase. Among them, the adhesion molecule VCAM1 plays an important role. Using VLA-4 inhibitor to block VCAM1-VLA-4 interaction, cortical neuron damage was ameliorated at 14d post 2VO. CONCLUSION Injury of the BBB may not be the main reason for persistent loss of cortical neurons following CCH. The continuous inflammatory response within blood vessels maybe an important factor in the continuous loss of cortical neurons following CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Neurology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingran Zhao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Neurology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Neurology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Neurology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gürler G, Soylu KO, Yemisci M. Importance of Pericytes in the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2022; 59:S29-S35. [PMID: 36578988 PMCID: PMC9767130 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cell types contribute to pathological changes observed in the brain following cerebral ischemia. Pericytes, as a component of neurovascular unit (NVU) and blood brain barrier (BBB), play a key role for cerebral blood flow control and regulation of vessel permeability. It was shown that pericytes can control cerebral blood flow at the level of capillaries, by their contractile property. Their role in BBB development and maintenance are crucial for guidance of brain vessel development, new vessel formation and stabilization of the newly formed vessels. Additionally, they can contribute to inflammation in response to inflammatory stimuli and can differentiate to various cell types by their multipotent differentiation properties. This cell type which is intimately associated with cerebral circulation also plays important roles during cerebral ischemia. Here, we review the properties and physiological functions of pericytes, how these functions change during ischemia to affect the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and post stroke cognitive impairment. Pericytes are a neglected cell type and they are not unambiguously characterized which in turn led to contradictory findings in the literature. Clear characterization of pericytes by current methods will help better understanding of their role in the pathophysiology of stroke. With the information gained from these efforts it will be possible to develop pericyte specific therapeutic targets and achieve important breakthroughs in clinical recovery in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Gürler
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Oğuzhan Soylu
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müge Yemisci
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey,Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey,Correspondence Address: Müge Yemişci, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nörolojik Bilimler ve Psikiyatri Enstitüsü, 06230 Sıhhiye Ankara, Turkey • E-mail:
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FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121546. [PMID: 36558997 PMCID: PMC9784968 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases. We previously developed a new concept termed "Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases" (ACCD), revealing that these two diseases share a common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, which are hallmarks of both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase inhibition, tumor suppressor elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has so far approved 74 kinase inhibitors, with numerous other kinase inhibitors in clinical trials, mostly for the treatment of cancers. In contrast, there are dire unmet needs of FDA-approved drugs for neurological treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke (IS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and others. In this review, we list these 74 FDA-approved kinase-targeted drugs and identify those that have been reported in preclinical and/or clinical trials for neurological disorders, with a purpose of discussing the feasibility and applicability of leveraging these cancer drugs (FDA-approved kinase inhibitors) for neurological treatments.
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Dabravolski SA, Markin AM, Andreeva ER, Eremin II, Orekhov AN, Melnichenko AA. Emerging role of pericytes in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Harding IC, O'Hare NR, Vigliotti M, Caraballo A, Lee CI, Millican K, Herman IM, Ebong EE. Developing a transwell millifluidic device for studying blood-brain barrier endothelium. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4603-4620. [PMID: 36326069 PMCID: PMC11416711 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell (EC) function depends on flow conditions and on supportive cells, like pericytes and astrocytes, which have been shown to be both beneficial and detrimental for brain EC function. Most studies investigating BBB EC function lack physiological relevance, using sub-physiological shear stress magnitudes and/or omitting pericytes and astrocytes. In this study, we developed a millifluidic device compatible with standard transwell inserts to investigate BBB function. In contrast to standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, this model allows for easy, reproducible shear stress exposure without common limitations of PDMS devices such as inadequate nutrient diffusion and air bubble formation. In no-flow conditions, we first used the device to examine the impact of primary human pericytes and astrocytes on human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC) barrier integrity. Astrocytes, pericytes, and a 1-to-1 ratio of both cell types increased HBMEC barrier integrity via reduced 3 and 40 kDa fluorescent dextran permeability and increased claudin-5 expression. There were differing levels of low 3 kDa permeability in HBMEC-pericyte, HBMEC-astrocyte, and HBMEC-astrocyte-pericyte co-cultures, while levels of low 40 kDa permeability were consistent across co-cultures. The 3 kDa findings suggest that pericytes provide more barrier support to the BBB model compared to astrocytes, although both supportive cell types are permeability reducers. Incorporation of 24-hour 12 dynes per cm2 flow significantly reduced dextran permeability in HBMEC monolayers, but not in the tri-culture model. These results indicate that tri-culture may exert more pronounced impact on overall BBB permeability than flow exposure. In both cases, monolayer and tri-culture, flow exposure interestingly reduced HBMEC expression of both claudin-5 and occludin. ZO-1 expression, and localization at cell-cell junctions increased in the tri-culture but exhibited no apparent change in the HBMEC monolayer. Under flow conditions, we also observed HBMEC alignment in the tri-culture but not in HBMEC monolayers, indicating supportive cells and flow are both essential to observe brain EC alignment in vitro. Collectively, these results support the necessity of physiologically relevant, multicellular BBB models when investigating BBB EC function. Consideration of the roles of shear stress and supportive cells within the BBB is critical for elucidating the physiology of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Vigliotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Caraballo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Claire I Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira M Herman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Gong X, Liu L, Li X, Xiong J, Xu J, Mao D, Liu L. Neuroprotection of cannabidiol in epileptic rats: Gut microbiome and metabolome sequencing. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1028459. [PMID: 36466385 PMCID: PMC9709218 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1028459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Epilepsy is a neurological disease occurring worldwide. Alterations in the gut microbial composition may be involved in the development of Epilepsy. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on gut microbiota and the metabolic profile of epileptic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AND RESULTS A temporal lobe epilepsy rat model was established using Li-pilocarpine. CBD increased the incubation period and reduced the epileptic state in rats. Compared to epileptic rats, the M1/M2 ratio of microglia in the CBD group was significantly decreased. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the CBD group decreased, while IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β1 increased. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the ANOSIM index differed significantly between the groups. At the genus level, Helicobacter, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were significantly reduced in the model group. CBD intervention attenuated the intervention effects of Li-pilocarpine. Roseburia, Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, and Ruminococcus_2 were strongly positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine levels. CBD reversed dysregulated metabolites, including glycerophosphocholine and 4-ethylbenzoic acid. CONCLUSION CBD could alleviate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolic disorders of epileptic rats. CBD attenuated Epilepsy in rats might be related to gut microbial abundance and metabolite levels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The study may provide a reliable scientific clue to explore the regulatory pathway of CBD in alleviating Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingfang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yu W, Li Y, Hu J, Wu J, Huang Y. A Study on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Hypothesis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164742. [PMID: 36012981 PMCID: PMC9409771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms underlying vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of vascular causes and complexity of disease neuropathology. However, one common feature shared among all these vascular causes is cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation, and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the universal consequence of CBF dysregulation, which subsequently results in an insufficient blood supply to the brain, ultimately contributing to VCID. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to emphasize the important contributions of CCH to VCID and illustrate the current findings about the mechanisms involved in CCH-induced VCID pathological changes. Specifically, evidence is mainly provided to support the molecular mechanisms, including Aβ accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, trophic uncoupling and white matter lesions (WMLs). Notably, there are close interactions among these multiple mechanisms, and further research is necessary to elucidate the hitherto unsolved questions regarding these interactions. An enhanced understanding of the pathological features in preclinical models could provide a theoretical basis, ultimately achieving the shift from treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
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Gao Y, Li D, Lin J, Thomas AM, Miao J, Chen D, Li S, Chu C. Cerebral small vessel disease: Pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:961661. [PMID: 36034144 PMCID: PMC9412755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.961661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a diverse cluster of cerebrovascular diseases primarily affecting small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules. The diagnosis of CSVD relies on the identification of small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, and microbleeds using neuroimaging. CSVD is observed in 25% of strokes worldwide and is the most common pathology of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. Still, due to the poor understanding of pathophysiology in CSVD, there is not an effective preventative or therapeutic approach for CSVD. The most widely accepted approach to CSVD treatment is to mitigate vascular risk factors and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Thus, a deeper understanding of pathogenesis may foster more specific therapies. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of pathological characteristics in CSVD development, with a focus on endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier impairment and white matter change. We also describe inflammation in CSVD, whose role in contributing to CSVD pathology is gaining interest. Finally, we update the current treatments and preventative measures of CSVD, as well as discuss potential targets and novel strategies for CSVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianyu Miao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyan Chu,
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Keep RF, Jones HC, Drewes LR. Advances in brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2021: great progress in a time of adversity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 35681151 PMCID: PMC9178944 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2021. It covers research on components of the blood–brain barrier, neurovascular unit and brain fluid systems; how brain barriers and brain fluid systems are impacted by neurological disorders and their role in disease progression; and advances in strategies for treating such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | - Lester R Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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Girolamo F, Errede M, Bizzoca A, Virgintino D, Ribatti D. Central Nervous System Pericytes Contribute to Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1707. [PMID: 35626743 PMCID: PMC9139243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful neuroprotection is only possible with contemporary microvascular protection. The prevention of disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remains largely elusive. An improved understanding of pericyte (PC) signalling could provide important insight into the function of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and into the injury-provoked responses that modify cell-cell interactions and crosstalk. Due to sharing the same basement membrane with endothelial cells, PCs have a crucial role in the control of endothelial, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte precursor functions and hence blood-brain barrier stability. Both cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases impair oxygen delivery and functionally impair the NVU. In this review, the role of PCs in central nervous system health and disease is discussed, considering their origin, multipotency, functions and also dysfunction, focusing on new possible avenues to modulate neuroprotection. Dysfunctional PC signalling could also be considered as a potential biomarker of NVU pathology, allowing us to individualize therapeutic interventions, monitor responses, or predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Girolamo
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.E.); (D.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Mariella Errede
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.E.); (D.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Antonella Bizzoca
- Physiology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.E.); (D.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.E.); (D.V.); (D.R.)
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Zhao Y, Wu J, Li D, Liu J, Chen W, Hou Z, Liu K, Jiang L, Chen X, Wang L, Hu B, Zong F, Wang Y, Wang Y. Human ESC-derived immunity- and matrix- regulatory cells ameliorated white matter damage and vascular cognitive impairment in rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13223. [PMID: 35437845 PMCID: PMC9136497 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the ability of immunity- and matrix- regulatory cells (IMRCs) to improve cognitive function in a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was established in rats via permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO). The rats then received intravenous injections of IMRCs or saline. A single injection of different doses of IMRCs (1 × 106 cells/rat, 2 × 106 cells/rat, or 4 × 106 cells/rat) was administered via tail vein 72 h after establishment of the model. To evaluate functional recovery, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests after 30 days of CCH. Imaging, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyse neuroinflammation and white matter injury after 14 and 40 days of CCH. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile gene expression changes in copine 1 (CPNE1) in response to IMRCs treatment. RESULTS Intravenous injection of 4 × 106 IMRCs alleviated white matter damage and ameliorated cognitive deficits in rats subjected to CCH. Immunofluorescence staining suggested that activation of microglia and astrocytes was reduced, and RNA sequencing showed that CPNE1 expression was significantly elevated following treatment with IMRCs. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous injection of IMRCs protected against CCH-induced white matter injury and cognitive impairment inhibition of microglial activation and regulation of microglia polarization.
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Poh L, Sim WL, Jo DG, Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chen CLH, Lai MKP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35000611 PMCID: PMC8744307 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
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Preischemic Treadmill Exercise Ameliorates Memory Impairment and Microvasculature Damage in Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S72-80. [PMID: 34844389 PMCID: PMC8654316 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142340.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in the brain is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. The effect of preischemic treadmill exercise on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced spatial learning memory impairment, microvascular injury, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in relation with SIRT1 expression was evaluated. Methods Prior to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery, the rats in the exercise groups performed low-intensity treadmill running for 30 minutes once daily during 8 weeks. BCCAO surgery was performed on male Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age. Spatial learning memory was measured using the Morris water maze test. Neuronal nuclear antigen, SIRT1, and rat endothelial cells antigen 1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta was determined by immunofluorescence. Results Preischemic treadmill exercise ameliorated spatial learning memory impairment and enhanced SIRT1 expression in the BCCAO rats. Preischemic treadmill exercise ameliorated BCCAO-induced damage to microvasculature and pericytes that make up the BBB. The effect of preischemic treadmill exercise was lost with sirtinol treatment. Conclusions These results can apply treadmill exercise prior to cerebral ischemia as a rational preventive and therapeutic intervention strategy to improve cognitive dysfunction in CCH patients.
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Eisenbaum M, Pearson A, Gratkowski A, Mouzon B, Mullan M, Crawford F, Ojo J, Bachmeier C. Influence of traumatic brain injury on extracellular tau elimination at the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 34702292 PMCID: PMC8549249 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive head trauma has been associated with the accumulation of tau species in the brain. Our prior work showed brain vascular mural cells contribute to tau processing in the brain, and that these cells progressively degenerate following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). The current studies investigated the role of the cerebrovasculature in the elimination of extracellular tau from the brain, and the influence of r-mTBI on these processes. Following intracranial injection of biotin-labeled tau, the levels of exogenous labeled tau residing in the brain were elevated in a mouse model of r-mTBI at 12 months post-injury compared to r-sham mice, indicating reduced tau elimination from the brain following head trauma. This may be the result of decreased caveolin-1 mediated tau efflux at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), as the caveolin inhibitor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, significantly reduced tau uptake in isolated cerebrovessels and significantly decreased the basolateral-to-apical transit of tau across an in vitro model of the BBB. Moreover, we found that the upstream regulator of endothelial caveolin-1, Mfsd2a, was elevated in r-mTBI cerebrovessels compared to r-sham, which coincided with a decreased expression of cerebrovascular caveolin-1 in the chronic phase following r-mTBI (> 3 months post-injury). Lastly, angiopoietin-1, a mural cell-derived protein governing endothelial Mfsd2a expression, was secreted from r-mTBI cerebrovessels to a greater extent than r-sham animals. Altogether, in the chronic phase post-injury, release of angiopoietin-1 from degenerating mural cells downregulates caveolin-1 expression in brain endothelia, resulting in decreased tau elimination across the BBB, which may describe the accumulation of tau species in the brain following head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA. .,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - Andrew Pearson
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Arissa Gratkowski
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
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49
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Xu R, He Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Therapeutic Potential of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:706759. [PMID: 34413726 PMCID: PMC8370253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.706759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with VCI often present with slower cognitive processing speed and poor executive function, which affects their independence in daily life, thus increasing social burden. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a non-invasive and efficient intervention that triggers endogenous protective mechanisms to generate neuroprotection. Over the past decades, evidence from basic and clinical research has shown that RIC is promising for the treatment of VCI. To further our understanding of RIC and improve the management of VCI, we summarize the evidence on the therapeutic potential of RIC in relation to the risk factors and pathobiologies of VCI, including reducing the risk of recurrent stroke, decreasing high blood pressure, improving cerebral blood flow, restoring white matter integrity, protecting the neurovascular unit, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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50
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Yang J, Jia Z, Xiao Z, Zhao J, Lu Y, Chu L, Shao H, Pei L, Zhang S, Chen Y. Baicalin Rescues Cognitive Dysfunction, Mitigates Neurodegeneration, and Exerts Anti-Epileptic Effects Through Activating TLR4/MYD88/Caspase-3 Pathway in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3163-3180. [PMID: 34321866 PMCID: PMC8312624 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s314076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of anti-epileptic mechanisms of baicalin (BA) on cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic rats. Methods First, PTZ-induced epileptic rats were administered intraperitoneally a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg) daily, and the seizure susceptibility (the degree of seizures and latency) was evaluated using Racine’s criterion. Then, classical behavioral experiments were performed to test whether BA ameliorated cognitive dysfunction. Neurodegeneration was assessed using Fluoro Jade-B (FJB), and NeuN staining was used to determine whether BA offered a neuroprotective role. After BA had been proven to possess anti-epileptic effects, its possible mechanisms were analyzed through network pharmacology. Finally, the key targets for predictive mechanisms were experimentally verified. Results The epileptic model was successfully established, and BA had anti-epileptic effects. Epileptic rats displayed significant cognitive dysfunction, and BA markedly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction. Further, we also discovered that BA treatment mitigated neurodegeneration of the hippocampus CA3 regions, thereby ameliorated cognitive dysfunction of epileptic rats. Subsequent network pharmacology analysis was implemented to reveal a possible mechanism of BA in the anti-epileptic process and the TLR4/MYD88/Caspase-3 pathway was predicted. Finally, experimental studies showed that BA exerted an anti-epileptic effect by activating the TLR4/MYD88/Caspase-3 pathway in PTZ-induced epileptic rats. Conclusion In conclusion, BA had a protective effect against PTZ-induced seizures. BA improved cognitive dysfunction and exerted a neuroprotective action. The anti-epileptic effects of BA may be potentially through activation of the TLR4/MYD88/Caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Jia
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shao
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Pei
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity, Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
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