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Steel L, Welling M, Ristevski N, Johnson K, Gendall A. Comparative genomics of flowering behavior in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1227898. [PMID: 37575928 PMCID: PMC10421669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a phenotypically diverse and multi-use plant used in the production of fiber, seed, oils, and a class of specialized metabolites known as phytocannabinoids. The last decade has seen a rapid increase in the licit cultivation and processing of C. sativa for medical end-use. Medical morphotypes produce highly branched compact inflorescences which support a high density of glandular trichomes, specialized epidermal hair-like structures that are the site of phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and accumulation. While there is a focus on the regulation of phytocannabinoid pathways, the genetic determinants that govern flowering time and inflorescence structure in C. sativa are less well-defined but equally important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underly flowering behavior is key to maximizing phytocannabinoid production. The genetic basis of flowering regulation in C. sativa has been examined using genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait loci mapping and selection analysis, although the lack of a consistent reference genome has confounded attempts to directly compare candidate loci. Here we review the existing knowledge of flowering time control in C. sativa, and, using a common reference genome, we generate an integrated map. The co-location of known and putative flowering time loci within this resource will be essential to improve the understanding of C. sativa phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Gendall
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Chakraborty A, Chaudhury R, Dutta S, Basak M, Dey S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Role of metabolites in flower development and discovery of compounds controlling flowering time. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:109-118. [PMID: 36113306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most important physiological processes of plants that ensures continuity of genetic flow from one generation to the next and also maintains food security. Therefore, impact of various climate-related abiotic stresses on flowering have been assessed to evaluate the long-term impact of global climate change. In contrast to the enormous volume of research that has been conducted at the genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein level, much less attention has been paid to understand the role of various metabolites in flower induction and floral organ development during normal growth or in stressed environmental condition. This review article aims at summarizing information on various primary (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acid derivatives, protein and amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, phenolics, neuro-indoles, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenes) that have so far been identified either during flower induction or in individual floral organs implying their possible role in organ development. Specialized metabolites responsible for flower colour, scent and shape to support plant-pollinator interaction have been extensively reviewed by many research groups and hence are not considered in this article. Many of the metabolites discussed here may be used as metabolomarkers to identify tolerant crop genotypes. Several agrochemicals have been successfully used to release endodormancy in temperate trees. Along the same line, a strategy that combines metabolite profiling, screening of small-molecule libraries, and structural alteration of selected compounds has been proposed in order to identify novel lead compounds that can regulate flowering time when applied exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridushree Basak
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Shuipys T, Carvalho RF, Clancy MA, Bao Z, Folta KM. A synthetic peptide encoded by a random DNA sequence inhibits discrete red light responses. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00170. [PMID: 31637368 PMCID: PMC6790650 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a synthetic peptide that interrupts discrete aspects of seedling development under red light. Previous reports have demonstrated that plants transformed with random DNA sequences produce synthetic peptides that affect plant biology. In this report, one specific peptide is characterized that inhibits discrete aspects of red light-mediated photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis thaliana . Seedlings expressing the PEP6-32 peptide presented longer hypocotyls and diminished cotyledon expansion when grown under red light. Other red light-mediated seedling processes such as induction of Lhcb (cab) transcripts or loss of vertical growth remained unaffected. Long-term responses to red light in PEP6-32 expressing plants, such as repression of flowering time, did not show defects in red light signaling or integration. A synthesized peptide applied exogenously induced the long-hypocotyl phenotype under red light in non-transformed seedlings. The results indicate that the PEP6-32 peptide causes discrete cell expansion abnormalities during early seedling development in red light that mimic weak phyB alleles, yet only in some aspects of seedling photomorphogenesis. The findings demonstrate that new chemistries derived from random peptide expression can modulate specific facets of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tautvydas Shuipys
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Maureen A. Clancy
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Zhilong Bao
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Del Prete S, Molitor A, Charif D, Bessoltane N, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Guichard C, Brunaud V, Granier F, Fransz P, Gaudin V. Extensive nuclear reprogramming and endoreduplication in mature leaf during floral induction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:135. [PMID: 30971226 PMCID: PMC6458719 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The floral transition is a complex developmental event, fine-tuned by various environmental and endogenous cues to ensure the success of offspring production. Leaves are key organs in sensing floral inductive signals, such as a change in light regime, and in the production of the mobile florigen. CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T are major players in leaves in response to photoperiod. Morphological and molecular events during the floral transition have been intensively studied in the shoot apical meristem. To better understand the concomitant processes in leaves, which are less described, we investigated the nuclear changes in fully developed leaves during the time course of the floral transition. RESULTS We highlighted new putative regulatory candidates of flowering in leaves. We observed differential expression profiles of genes related to cellular, hormonal and metabolic actions, but also of genes encoding long non-coding RNAs and new natural antisense transcripts. In addition, we detected a significant increase in ploidy level during the floral transition, indicating endoreduplication. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that differentiated mature leaves, possess physiological plasticity and undergo extensive nuclear reprogramming during the floral transition. The dynamic events point at functionally related networks of transcription factors and novel regulatory motifs, but also complex hormonal and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Del Prete
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Delphine Charif
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nadia Bessoltane
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Guichard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Plateau du Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Fabienne Granier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Paul Fransz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie Gaudin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Bât. 2, RD10 Route de Saint-Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France
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