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Faqih S, Alharbi M. Drug Abuse Educational Program for Saudi University Students: A Pre-test and Post-test Design. Cureus 2024; 16:e56079. [PMID: 38618366 PMCID: PMC11009923 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Designing a consistent preventive drug abuse program and evaluating the educational needs of diverse target groups, school curricula, and new instructional materials customized to a country's socioeconomic and cultural characteristics should be used. This research aims to assess the influence of an educational program on university students' awareness of drug abuse. Methodology A cross-sectional study using a pre-test questionnaire with predetermined questions was conducted with 102 participants. The educational program about drug abuse prevention measures was subsequently implemented. After the program was completed, a post-test was administered to the students, and the results were compared to the pre-test results. The data were collected from male and female Saudi students at a university in the western area of Saudi Arabia. Results The pre-test findings indicate that the students had already received some information on drug use and abuse, but the post-test results show that their awareness rose as a result of the drug abuse educational program. Conclusion Drug abuse is a major problem all across the world, including in Saudi Arabia. However, educational programs will help to increase knowledge and awareness of this issue.
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Latt NNN, Putdivarnichapong W, Phetrasuwan S, Vongsirimas N. Factors predicting the intention of drug abuse avoidance among adolescents in Pinlaung Township, Myanmar: predictive correlational design. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38166869 PMCID: PMC10759472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical transition period and is at high risk for drug/substance abuse. In Myanmar, drug use is common among adolescents and is a public health concern. There are no studies of drug abuse prevention among Myanmar adolescents. Intentions to avoid drug abuse can be a protective factor for preventing drug abuse among adolescents. This study investigated the effects of sex, parental history of drug/alcohol abuse, self-efficacy, parental marital status, and family functioning on the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. METHODS This is a predictive correlational study. The Biopsychosocial model was used as the theoretical framework of this study. A convenient sampling method was used to collect data from 157 students aged 13-18 years in a government school, middle school level and high school level, Pinlaung Town, Southern Shan State, Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic and political protests. G* power software was used to calculate the sample size. Data was collected by four self-administered questionnaires: a socio-demographic questionnaire, Thai Family Functioning Scale (TFFS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and Intention of Drug Avoidance Scale (IDAS). Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS Five predictors, including biological sex, parental history without drug/alcohol abuse, self-efficacy, parental marital status, and family functioning, explained 24.4% of the variance in the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents (R 2 = .244, F (5,151) = 9.738, p = .000). In addition, only three factors, family functioning (β = .31, p < .001), biological sex (β = -.25, p < .01), and self-efficacy (β = .16, p < .05) statistically and significantly predicted the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Family functioning, female gender, and self-efficacy predicted the intention of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents in Pinlaung Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. IMPLICATIONS OF THIS STUDY The results of this study have implications for all stakeholders through research, education, practice, and policymaking leading to improve the intentions of drug abuse avoidance among Myanmar adolescents. Furthermore, the results of this study specifically contribute to create psychoeducational intervention programs for increasing intention to avoid substance use by promoting family functioning and self-efficacy of adolescents. This is especially proper for male adolescents who have less intention to avoid substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nang Nwe Nwe Latt
- Student of Master of Nursing Science Program (International Program), Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimolnun Putdivarnichapong
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Supapak Phetrasuwan
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Vongsirimas
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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Schwartz A, Galera C, Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illegal Drug Use Among College Students: Findings from a French Sample. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0. [PMID: 38169052 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies have demonstrated the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on lifelong health, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use. Thus, the objective of the study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use among college students. METHODS French college students between 18 and 30 years enrolled in a university cohort study were eligible for inclusion. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted for each drug. RESULTS Among the sample (n = 1,157), 30.6% had no ACE exposure, 29.6%, 19.2%, and 20.7% had 1, 2 and ≥ 3 ACEs, respectively. Students with ACEs had a higher likelihood of using illegal drugs (p = 0.0067). After controlling for potential confounders, having ≥ 3 ACEs increased the risk of lifetime use of multiple drugs (aOR:10.9; 95% CI: 4.6-26.0), stimulants (aOR: 3.6; 95% CI:1.7-7.7), hallucinogens (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), cannabis (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.7-8.0), and risky illegal drugs (e.g., higher lifetime frequency drug use) (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8). Estimates for illegal drug use were highest with parental substance use (aOR: 2.6; 95% CI; 1.5-4.4), sexual abuse (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI; 1.4-3.8), and divorce (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). CONCLUSIONS ACEs increase the risk for lifetime illegal drug use and risky drug use in a dose-respondent fashion. These findings suggest that university students with higher levels of ACEs may benefit from additional support and services from clinical practitioners and university administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France.
- Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Cédric Galera
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
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Stephenson L, Van Den Heuvel C, Byard RW. Socioeconomic and psychosocial determinants of substance misuse - a national perspective. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00702-6. [PMID: 37682517 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of population drug use and an understanding of the factors that influence substance choice are essential for the development of appropriate and targeted prevention strategies and campaigns. This review aims to provide an overview of the socioeconomic and psychosocial factors that influence substance use patterns within the Australian population through exploration of current and historical examples of substance misuse. Australia's comparatively large online drug market is reflective of the country's relative geographic isolation and high local drug prices. Legislation, particularly relating to cannabis cultivation and personal use, has evolved significantly in response to increased scientific and commercial applications and changing attitudes towards medical and personal use. Methylamphetamine use is disproportionately high, attributed to Australia's geographic location, high rates of local manufacture, steady cost, and increased purity. Despite the increased cost of cocaine over time, the profile of users appears to dictate rates of use. The prevalence of injecting drug use is driven by a lack of education, perceived risk, stigma, and other social factors. Additionally, psychosocial factors also contribute to substance misuse among specific population subgroups such as petrol sniffing among Indigenous Australians. Understanding the reasons for geographical variability in illicit drug use assists in the interpretation of substance-associated behavior in specific groups/populations and in guiding future intervention efforts and predictions of emerging trends. In addition, an understanding of factors influencing local drug usage may assist forensic practitioners in evaluating the occurrence and effects of particular substances that may emerge as significant factors in drug-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Stephenson
- School of Biomedicine, Level 2 Helen Mayo North, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - Corinna Van Den Heuvel
- School of Biomedicine, Level 2 Helen Mayo North, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- School of Biomedicine, Level 2 Helen Mayo North, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- Forensic Science SA (FSSA), Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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Bantjes J, Kessler M, Lochner C, Breet E, Bawa A, Roos J, Davids C, Muturiki M, Kessler RC, Stein DJ. The mental health of university students in South Africa: Results of the national student survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:217-226. [PMID: 36349649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimate 30-day prevalence of 11 common mental disorders among a representative sample of university students in South Africa and explore disparities in student mental health across historically segregated institutions and marginalised groups. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected in self-report surveys of students (n = 28,268) from 17 universities were weighted to adjust for differences in survey responses. Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS Prevalence estimates were highest (21.0-24.5 %) for two anxiety disorders (social anxiety disorder, PTSD) and two disruptive behavior disorders (eating disorder, ADHD). Prevalence estimates were higher for any anxiety disorder (37.1 %) and any disruptive behavior disorder (38.7 %) than for any mood disorder (16.3 %) or any substance use disorder (6.6 %). Prevalence estimates varied significantly by historical segregation status of institutions (F3 = 221.6, p < .001), with prevalence consistently highest in Historically White Institutions (HWIs). Across all institutions, risk of any disorder was lower among oldest than younger students (RR = 0.7, 95%CI = 0.7-0.8), and elevated among gender non-conforming (RR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.1-1.4), female (RR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.1-1.2), and sexual minority (RR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.2-1.3) students. Black students attending HWIs had elevated risk of any disorder relative to White students. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report measures together with relatively low and variable response rates across institutions limit generalizability of results. CONCLUSIONS Modest risks associated with sociodemographic factors suggest a need to focus on mental health of female, gender nonconforming and sexual minority students at all universities along with Black students attending HWIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Molly Kessler
- Department of Measurement, Evaluation, Statistics, and Assessment, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elsie Breet
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Bawa
- Board of Directors, Universities South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janine Roos
- Mental Health Information Centre of Southern Africa, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charl Davids
- Centre for Student Counselling and Development, Student Affairs, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Memory Muturiki
- Student Wellness Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Blows S, Isaacs S. Prevalence and factors associated with substance use among university students in South Africa: implications for prevention. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:309. [PMID: 36522689 PMCID: PMC9753402 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use is an important public health concern in many countries across the globe. Among the general public, institutions of higher learning have developed a reputation for inducing new substance use among students. In addition to socio-demographic factors, substance use and abuse among university students often appear to be related to psychological stressors typically related to the demand to adapt to the new environment and the pressures associated with academia. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors associated with substance use among university students. METHODS This quantitative study employed convenience sampling to recruit university students who were 18 years and older from a university in the Western Cape. The study made use of self-administered online questionnaires, which participants completed via SurveyMonkey. The sample consisted of 2915 students. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and provide the prevalence and overview of the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Associations between variables were explored using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The main findings revealed a substance use prevalence rate of 62.7%. The most prominent substances used by students were alcohol (80.6%), cannabis (46%), and ecstasy (5.3%). The study further revealed clear associations between students' substance use and mental health. Students who reported substance use at university reported higher depression and anxiety scores than those who did not. However, findings reveal no significant association (p = 0.233) between being a substance user and a nonsubstance user and students' respective self-perceived stress scores. CONCLUSION Results show the majority of sampled students had started using substances (both alcohol and other substances) only after entering university. The results call into question seminal findings relating to substance use and the university environment. The novel findings of this study could serve as a baseline input to inform policymakers, programme developers, service providers, parents, and other stakeholders who are involved in the design and implementation of more effective awareness, prevention and, needs-based intervention services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Blows
- grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226Department of Psychology, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Serena Isaacs
- grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226Department of Psychology, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, South Africa
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Bantjes J, Hunt X, Stein DJ. Public Health Approaches to Promoting University Students' Mental Health: A Global Perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:809-818. [PMID: 36399235 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide a critical overview of recent global advances in student mental health from a public health perspective, highlighting key challenges and gaps in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Mental disorders and suicidality are common among university students globally. However, there is a significant treatment gap even though evidence-based treatments are available. To overcome barriers to treatment, public health interventions should be conceptualized within a developmental paradigm that takes cognizance of the developmental tasks of young adulthood. Traditional one-on-one treatment approaches will not be a cost-effective or sustainable way to close the treatment gap among students. A range of evidence-based interventions is available to promote students' mental health; however, novel approaches are needed to scale up services and adapt intervention delivery to suit student specific contexts. Digital interventions and peer-to-peer interventions could be a cost-effective way to scale-up and expand the range of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. .,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Dakhode SU, Rannaware A, Gaidhane AM. Substance Abuse Amongst Adolescents: An Issue of Public Health Significance. Cureus 2022; 14:e31193. [PMID: 36505140 PMCID: PMC9728192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial time for biological, psychological, and social development. It is also a time when substance addiction and its adverse effects are more likely to occur. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the negative long-term effects of substance use, including mental health illnesses, sub-par academic performance, substance use disorders, and higher chances of getting addicted to alcohol and marijuana. Over the past few decades, there have been substantial changes in the types of illegal narcotics people consume. The present article deals with the review of substance abuse as a public health problem, its determinants, and implications seen among adolescents. A systematic literature search using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken to search all relevant literature on teenage stimulant use. The findings have been organized into categories to cover essential aspects like epidemiology, neurobiology, prevention, and treatment. The review showed that substance addiction among adolescents between 12 to 19 years is widespread, though national initiatives exist to support young employment and their development. Research on psychological risk factors for teenage substance abuse is vast, wherein conduct disorders, including aggression, impulsivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, have been mentioned as risk factors for substance use. Parents' attitudes toward drugs, alcohol, academic and peer pressure, stress, and physical outlook are key determinants. Teenage drug usage has a significant negative impact on users, families, and society as a whole. It was found that a lot has been done to provide correct intervention to those in need with the constant development of programs and rehabilitative centers to safeguard the delicate minds of youths and prevent them from using intoxicants. Still, there is much need for stringent policy and program guidelines to curb this societal menace.
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Badrfam R, Zandifar A, Barkhori Mehni M, Farid M, Rahiminejad F. Comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder in a sample of inpatients bipolar disorder in Iran. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:480. [PMID: 35854247 PMCID: PMC9295524 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The study of the relationship between adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder has received more attention in recent years and there is limited information in this area. On the other hand, there is a significant comorbidity between ADHD and bipolar disorder with substance use disorder. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder among a group of bipolar patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. METHODS One hundred fifty patients from a total of 200 consecutive patients who were referred to the emergency department of Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, diagnosed with bipolar disorder based on the initial psychiatric interview and needed hospitalization, were evaluated again by an experienced faculty member psychiatrist by using a subsequent interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition(DSM-5). They were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) questionnaire to confirm the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and the comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder. RESULTS From 150 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 106 patients (70.7%) had adult ADHD. 89 patients (59.3%) had substance use disorder and 58 patients (38.7%) had both of these comorbidities with bipolar disorder. Comorbidity of adult ADHD was associated with the earlier onset of the first mood episode in bipolar disorder (p value = 0.025). There was no statistically significant relationship between substance use disorder and age of onset of the first episode. (P value = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Due to the limitations of studies on adult ADHD comorbidity with bipolar disorder, especially in hospital settings, as well as the increased risk of association with substance use disorder, further multicenter studies in this area with larger sample sizes can increase awareness in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Badrfam
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zandifar
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barkhori Mehni
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Farid
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahiminejad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Goozee R, Barrable A, Lubenko J, Papadatou-Pastou M, Haddad M, McKeown E, Hirani SP, Martin M, Tzotzoli P. Investigating the feasibility of MePlusMe, an online intervention to support mental health, well-being, and study skills in higher education students. J Ment Health 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35549804 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While there are several web-based mental health interventions, few target higher education (HE) students. Importantly, more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Here, we provide a pragmatic evaluation of an online intervention (MePlusMe) specifically designed to improve the mental health, well-being, and study skills of HE students. METHODS In accordance with the published protocol for a feasibility study, we recruited a convenience sample of 137 HE students to participate in an eight-week intervention, with 26 participants retained at week 8. Validated measures of mood (depression and anxiety), well-being, and self-efficacy were collected at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, alongside two feedback forms assessing design and functionality (baseline) and engagement (week 4 and 8). RESULTS We observed significant reductions in levels of anxiety and depression as well as increases in well-being, but no changes in self-efficacy. Participants rated the system design and functionality positively and qualitative findings indicated high levels of satisfaction with MePlusMe. DISCUSSION Findings support both the acceptability and the effectiveness of MePlusMe. Nonetheless, modest retention rates limit the precision and generalisability of these findings. Further investigation should ascertain optimal duration of engagement, most acceptable means of outcome assessment, and further detail about obstacles to utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Barrable
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jelena Lubenko
- Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | | | - Mark Haddad
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eamonn McKeown
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Maryanne Martin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ismail R, Abdul Manaf MR, Hassan MR, Mohammed Nawi A, Ibrahim N, Lyndon N, Amit N, Zakaria E, Abd Razak MA, Zaiedy Nor NI, Shukor MS, Kamarubahrin AF. Prevalence of Drug and Substance Use among Malaysian Youth: A Nationwide Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084684. [PMID: 35457562 PMCID: PMC9027138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled drug and substance use (DSU) may pose unprecedented threats to nation building and a country’s socioeconomic development. Despite considerable efforts made and resources used to address DSU concerns, Malaysia has seen a significant annual rise in cases of DSU. The bulk of the reported cases originate from youth between the ages of 15 and 40 years. To date, data related to DSU in Malaysia have been entirely dependent on operation statistics, arrest counts, and reported cases; DSU may therefore be under-reported and the data obtained not representative at the national level. This study aims to determine the prevalence of DSU among Malaysian youth through a large nationwide representative survey. Of the population of 11,129,316 youth aged 15–40 years, the prevalence of DSU among lifetime users was found to be 5.5%, while for those who had taken drugs in the past 30 days or who currently use them, the prevalence of DSU was found to be 3.5%. The most popular drugs for lifetime users were kratom or Mitragyna speciosa, while for current users the most popular drug was cannabis. The current study reports the magnitude of the problem at a country-wide level, which is a crucial preliminary effort for crafting evidence-based and well-informed policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozmi Ismail
- Psychology and Human Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.I.); (E.Z.); (M.A.A.R.); (N.I.Z.N.)
| | - Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.H.); (A.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.H.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.H.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Novel Lyndon
- School of Development, Social and Environmental, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Noh Amit
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Ezarina Zakaria
- Psychology and Human Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.I.); (E.Z.); (M.A.A.R.); (N.I.Z.N.)
| | - Muhammad Ajib Abd Razak
- Psychology and Human Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.I.); (E.Z.); (M.A.A.R.); (N.I.Z.N.)
| | - Norshaffika Izzaty Zaiedy Nor
- Psychology and Human Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.I.); (E.Z.); (M.A.A.R.); (N.I.Z.N.)
| | - Md Shafiin Shukor
- UKM Pakarunding, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.S.S.); (A.F.K.)
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12
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Fetensa G, Tolossa T, Etafa W, Fekadu G. Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:107. [PMID: 34915938 PMCID: PMC8679998 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. Published articles from various electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were accessed. In addition, a manual search was performed including Google Scholar. Searching of articles were searched from January 1st to February 1, 2021. All observational studies conducted among university students in English language were included in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed articles before inclusion in the final review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) instrument for critical appraisal. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity. Since the included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. RESULTS We found of 812 published and unpublished studies in our search. Finally, 31 full-text studies were reviewed, and 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 5377 study respondents from 13 studies were included in the study. The results of our study revealed that the pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 49.41% (95% CI 38.67%, 60.13%). The included studies had a sample size ranging from 250 to 792 with the lowest prevalence (19.87%) of self-medication from the University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) was recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. From the pooled estimation, there was a significant association between self-medication and income (OR = 0.67: 95% CI 0.55-0.80). However, the association between self-medication and year of study and sex of participants was insignificant. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of self-medication among Ethiopian university students was relatively high compared to the current global health problem with an increase in anti-microbial resistance. Health professionals and concerned bodies should pay attention to raising awareness regarding the consequences of using medications without prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun Fetensa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Werku Etafa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ginenus Fekadu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Present Address: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T, Shatin, Hong Kong
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13
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Wada YH, Khalid GM, Shitu Z, Ibrahim UI. Prevalence and Impacts of Psychoactive Substance Abuse amongst Undergraduate University Students in Katsina State, Nigeria. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:221-231. [PMID: 35178194 PMCID: PMC8818309 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i4.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug and substance abuse among university students is of public health concern and is becoming a global threat to the education system. This is more devastating to the academic performance of the addicts. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and impacts of psychoactive substance abuse among the university undergraduate students in Katsina State, Nigeria, and to determine the effects of such abuses on the students' academic performance. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using online survey tool (Google Form) validated by content validity and pilot study. The hyperlink to the online survey tool was shared with undergraduate students from three universities located in Katsina State via emails and social media platforms, namely WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter. Data collected from eligible participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. FINDINGS A total of 308 students from the three universities returned the online questionnaire, of which 67.2% were men and 32.8% were women. Among the respondents, 37% admitted practicing drug and/or substance abuse. Majority of them (56.2%) were third-year students in the age range of 20-25 years. CONCLUSION Drug and substance abuse among the undergraduate university students in Katsina State is common, and it cuts across both male and female students. Concerted efforts towards parental support and supervisions, social intervention programs, and campus-based prevention and supported programs against drug and substance abuse should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria AND West African Academy of Public Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Garba M. Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Zayyanu Shitu
- Medecins Sans Frontieres Operation Center Barcelona and Athens. Shinkafi Project, Zamfara State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Idris Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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14
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Carroll D, Wulan N, Swe ZY, Myint AA, Sanda S, Lwin AM, Oo T, Khaing LL, San CC, Tun WPP, Cini K, Win PM, Azzopardi P. Mental health of adolescents in Myanmar: A systematic review of prevalence, determinants and interventions. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102650. [PMID: 34004460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental phase where mental disorders typically manifest and where platforms for response (including schools and health services) change rapidly. However, data to inform public mental health responses are limited, including in countries like Myanmar which has a large adolescent population and where mental health has been identified as a priority of policy. In this paper we sought to systematically review the peer-reviewed and grey literature to determine (i) the prevalence of mental disorder among adolescents in Myanmar, (ii) determinants of mental disorder and (iii) interventions that have been implemented and evaluated. Nine publications met inclusion criteria (7 peer-reviewed and 2 grey literature) that included 7 publications reporting prevalence, 6 reporting correlates and one an intervention. The available data from the 2016 Global School-based Health Survey highlight that depression (27.2%) and suicidal ideation (9.4%) are prevalent in Myanmar, and these rates are substantially higher than regional averages. The limited available data on correlates identified violence and bullying, alcohol and substance use, and home, family and community security and cohesion as being closely related to mental health for adolescents. Only one study focussed on interventions and this found mindfulness meditation training to be an effective approach for young people whose parents were affected by HIV. These findings underscore the need to address adolescent mental health in Myanmar, but also to invest in better data collection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Sanda Sanda
- Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | - Tin Oo
- University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Cho Cho San
- Department of Psychology, Yangon University of Distance Education, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Pa Pa Tun
- Department of Psychology, Yangon University of Distance Education, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Karly Cini
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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15
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Shegute T, Wasihun Y. Prevalence of Substance Use in University Students, Ethiopia. Subst Abuse 2021; 15:11782218211003558. [PMID: 33854324 PMCID: PMC8013928 DOI: 10.1177/11782218211003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substance use is a known public health problem and a pressing issue in Ethiopia, its real extent and magnitude are not yet properly explored. The current study aimed to determine the extent and predictors of substance use among regular undergraduate students in the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried among 794 undergraduate regular students at the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, using a self-administered structured questionnaire filled by study participants. Data entry, cleaning, and coding were performed by EPI-INFO version 3.5.1. Statistical Package for Social Sciences; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio (SPSS) SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze data by performing descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 73.7% of the study participants used substances at least once. The lifetime use of each substance includes alcohol (68.2%), khat (53.6%), cigarettes (46.1%), and illicit drugs (23.3%). Loss of family (AOR [95%CI], 34.50 [7.569, 157.263]), pocket money between 500 and 999 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 9.978 [1.240, 80.280]), and above 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 10.831 [1.333, 87.971]) were identified predictors for khat use. The odds of lifetime alcohol use was higher among students coming from a divorced family (AOR [95%CI], 9.346 [3.162, 27.625]), lost one (AOR [95%CI], 37.406 [11.375, 123.008]), or both of their parents (AOR [95%CI], 18.750 [5.798, 60.633]). Students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 3.214 [1.950, 5.296]), and students with anxiety symptoms (AOR [95%CI], 2.655 [1.981, 3.557]) have a higher odds of lifetime cigarette smoking. The lifetime exposure to illicit drugs is higher among students in age groups between 20 and 24 years (AOR [95%CI], 5.963 [1.361, 26.135]), students coming from substance user family (AOR [95%CI], 2.172 [1.161, 4.063]), and students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 2.661 [1.202, 5.889]). CONCLUSION A higher prevalence of substance use requiring administrative and educational interventions was observed. Awareness creation interventions on the potential impacts of substance abuse should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shegute
- Department of Pharmacy, Menelik II Health and Medical Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Wasihun
- Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Bomfim IG, Dos Santos SD, Ruggiero CM, Napoleão AA. Factors associated with sexually transmitted infection/HIV diagnosis among a predominantly university population in Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32:821-829. [PMID: 33769913 DOI: 10.1177/0956462421997251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, the increasing prevalence of HIV infection in young people makes it critical to know its distribution in university communities. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the impact of STI/HIV testing campaigns on university campuses from 2013 to 2017. The participants took part in rapid testing for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and counseling sessions. A total of 2691 people participated in the campaigns. Of these, 79.4% were single, and 50.3% were women. The median age was 24 years old, and 77.9% of participants had ≥12 years of formal education. Most reported having unprotected sex in the last year (87.4%). The positivity rates for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were 0.56%, 1.20%, 0.19%, and 0.11%, respectively. The characteristics associated with HIV infection were being men who have sex with men (MSM) (aOR = 12.06; 95% CI = 3.83-37.99) and having <12 years of schooling (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.03-10.38). Factors associated with syphilis seropositivity were older age (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03-1.09), multiple partners (aOR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.08-5.50), and being MSM (aOR = 5.40; 95% CI = 2.49-11.72). Positivity for hepatitis B tended to decrease with the years of testing (p = 0.023) and for hepatitis C to increase with age (p = 0.035). Our study observed a high vulnerability to HIV and syphilis infection in a university community, which needs an early prevention strategy, including regular testing, continuing sexual education, easy access to condoms, and pre- and postexposure HIV prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Go Bomfim
- Nursing Department, 122251Universidade Federal de São Carlos Center of Biological Sciences and Health, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Ds Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine, 122251Universidade Federal de São Carlos Center of Biological Sciences and Health, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Anamaria A Napoleão
- Nursing Department, 122251Universidade Federal de São Carlos Center of Biological Sciences and Health, São Carlos, Brazil
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and associated factors of weapon carrying among university students from 25 countries. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2020.1871246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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18
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Impact of drug abuse on academic performance and physical health: a cross-sectional comparative study among university students in Bangladesh. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Alcohol and substance use among first-year students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya: Prevalence and patterns. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238170. [PMID: 32857791 PMCID: PMC7454962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increase in alcohol and substance use among college students is a global public health concern. It is associated with the risk of alcohol and substance use disorders to the individual concerned and public health problems to their family and society. Among students there is also the risk of poor academic performance, taking longer to complete their studies or dropping out of university. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of alcohol and substance use of students at the entry to the university. METHOD A total of 406 (50.7% male) students were interviewed using the Assessment of Smoking and Substance Involvement Test (ASSIST) and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tool (AUDIT). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between substance use and students' socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictors of the lifetime and current alcohol and substance use. RESULTS Lifetime and current alcohol and substance use prevalence were 103 (25%) and 83 (20%) respectively. Currently frequently used substances were alcohol 69 (22%), cannabis 33 (8%) and tobacco 28 (7%). Poly-substance use was reported by 48 (13%) respondents, the main combinations being cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol. Students living in private hostels were four times more likely to be current substance users compared with those living on campus (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 10.9). CONCLUSION A quarter of the study respondents consumed alcohol and/or substances at the entry to university pushing the case for early intervention strategies to delay initiation of alcohol and substance use and to reduce the associated harmful consequences.
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20
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Shalbafan M, Rashedi V, Seddigh R, Najarzadegan M, Azarpajouh T, Ahmadkhaniha H, Kamalzadeh L. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of "drug-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire" among Iranian medical students. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:489-494. [PMID: 32634065 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1787769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting drug-related knowledge and improving relevant attitudes among students are of crucial importance toward the prevention of drug misuse. Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the "drug-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire" among Iranian medical students. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The "drug-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire" and a socio-demographic questionnaire were used to gather the data. Content validity was assessed by a panel of 11 experts, and face validity was evaluated by 10 participating students. Item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used as internal consistency estimates. Results: The face and content validity of the questionnaire were satisfactory. The overall content validity index was .82. Cronbach's alpha was .679, indicating an acceptable degree of internal consistency and homogeneity between the items. Overall, most of the students had adequate knowledge about the harmful effects of addictive substances (48.11 ± 3.26). Conclusions: The "drug-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire" has favorable validity and reliability to assess the knowledge and attitude of Iranian students toward drug misuse and may be used in clinical and epidemiological studies. Besides, our findings can provide a suitable starting point for the implementation of effective psychoeducational interventions aimed at the improvement of the students' knowledge and attitudes toward drug misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- Department of Gerontology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Ruohollah Seddigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Najarzadegan
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azarpajouh
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kamalzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Associations of physical partner violence and sexual violence victimization on health risk behaviours and mental health among university students from 25 countries. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:937. [PMID: 32611321 PMCID: PMC7331220 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the associations between physical partner violence victimization (IPV) and/or sexual violence victimization and various health risk behaviours and mental health in university students in 25 countries. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, 18,335 university students with a median age of 20 years from 25 countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia, replied to self-reported measures of interpersonal violence, health compromising behaviours, mental health measures and protective factors. RESULTS In adjusted logistic regression analysis, physical IPV and/or sexual violence victimization was associated, among men and/or among women, with sexual risk behaviours (multiple sexual partners, alcohol use in the context of sex, diagnosed with HIV and pregnancy), violence related behaviour (in a physical fight and carrying a weapon), poor mental health (depression, loneliness, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleeping problem and short sleep), addictive behaviour (binge drinking, tobacco and drug use), and other health risk behaviour (skipping breakfast and frequent salt intake). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that physical IPV and/or sexual violence victimization among female and/or male university students was associated with 4 of 5 sexual risk behaviours, 2 violence related behaviours, 5 of 5 poor mental health indicators, 3 of 3 addictive behaviours and 2 of 7 other health risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Ibn Auf A, Alnor MA. Sudanese Medical Students' Perceptions of Psychoactive Substance Use. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2020; 12:186-195. [PMID: 33244395 PMCID: PMC7679488 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychoactive substance use is a significant problem and the perception of physicians and medical students for this problem is important since it may affect their behavior regarding managing patients who suffer from substance-related problems. The objective of this study was to examine the perception of Sudanese medical students regarding psychoactive substance use and its possible associations with sociodemographic factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out at a private Sudanese medical school in Khartoum, Sudan. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to all consenting students and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between different factors. FINDINGS Three hundred and seventeen students participated in the study, with response rate = 75.5%. Among them, 113 (35.9%) were men. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age was 21.5 ± 4.2 years. All students knew alcohol and 261 students (88.5%) reported having knowledge about cannabis. Knowledge about cannabis, cocaine, and heroin was more prevalent among female students. Most of the students disagreed with the behavior of substance use, e.g., 94.2% in the case of alcohol. Most students reported that it would be difficult - or even impossible - for them to use psychoactive substances. CONCLUSION Most of the students perceived use of psychoactive substances to be associated with moderate to severe risk. Female gender and studying secondary school in Sudan were associated with perceiving more risk. Sudanese students' perception of psychoactive substance use seems to be favorable but still increasing awareness is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ibn Auf
- Mental Health Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence to: Anas Ibn Auf; Mental Health Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Alnor
- School of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan AND Abha Psychiatric Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Aguocha CM, Duru CB, Ndukuba AC, Nwefoh EC. Gender differences in psychoactive substance use among undergraduates in a developing country. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1779363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chukwuma B. Duru
- Department of Community Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Appolos C. Ndukuba
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emeka C. Nwefoh
- Department of Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Tobacco use and associated health risk behaviours among university students in 27 countries. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:131-137. [PMID: 32549172 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence of the relationship between tobacco use and multiple health risk behaviours is limited. Objectives The study aimed to investigate the relationship between tobacco use and health risk behaviours in university students across different cultures. Methods In a cross-sectional study the sample included 23,396 university students from 27 countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas. Results Indicate that 5.8 and 5.5% were daily and not daily tobacco users, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, less than daily and/or daily tobacco use was associated with nutrition and dietary risk behaviour (overweight or obesity, high sodium consumption, rarely or never having breakfast and not avoiding fat and cholesterol), addictive behaviour (binge drinking, drug use, and gambling), sleep risk behaviours (long sleep, poor sleep quality and restless sleep) and other health risk behaviour (having been in a physical fight, inadequate tooth brushing, and multiple sexual partners in the past year). Conclusions Compared to non-tobacco users, less than daily and/or daily tobacco users had significantly higher overweight or obesity, dietary risk behaviour, addictive behaviour, sleep risk behaviours and other health risk behaviour. These associations may be taken into account in health promotion strategies targeting multiple health compromising behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and associated factors of skipping breakfast among university students from 28 countries: a cross-sectional study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:97-103. [PMID: 32549169 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Skipping breakfast can negatively affect one's health. Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of skipping breakfast among university students in 28 countries. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 21,958 university students with a median age of 20 years from 28 mainly low - and middle-income countries, replied to self-reported measures of breakfast consumption, health risk behaviours, mental health measures and protective factors. Results Indicates that 48.0% of students skipped breakfast (never, rarely or sometimes had breakfast). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, living away from home, perceived overweight, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, short sleep, long sleep, depression and in a physical fight were associated with infrequent and/or frequent skipping breakfast. Conclusion Almost two in five students skipped breakfast, and several factors were identified that can be targeted in intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
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Assessment of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Substance Abuse among High-School Adolescents in North Shewa Zone: Application of Logistic Regression Analysis. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2020; 2020:8105087. [PMID: 32455048 PMCID: PMC7238327 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The use of substances such as cigarettes, khat, alcohol, and other illicit drugs like hashish, heroine, cannabis, and cocaine is a global major public threat, which affects young adult people particularly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the risk factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in north Shewa zone, Oromia region. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in North Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, using a structured self-administered questionnaire adapted from the 2008 “Community That Care Youth Survey” for adolescent substance use and problem behaviors. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to identify the significant factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents in the study area. Result The prevalence of lifetime and current substance use was 47.7% (95% CI: 0.427, 0.527) and 30.4% (95% CI: 0.258, 0.350), respectively. 17.8% use khat in their life and 16.6% used khat in the past 30 days; 42.2% ever used alcohol and 26.1% currently uses alcohol; 4.8% and 4.5% used cigarette in lifetime and in the past 30 days, while 16.4% use other illicit drugs in lifetime and 8.4% use illicit drugs in the past 30 days, respectively. Distributions of substance use by sex indicate that male adolescents are more like likely 61.1% use substances than females. While, the prevalence of exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents was 35.8% (95% CI: 0.310, 0.406). Factors positively associated with increased substance use were being male (OR = 2.334, 95% CI: 1.549, 9.926), living through high level of family conflict (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 1.745, 10.00), poor family management OR = 27.084, 95% CI: 1.624, 45.56), peer pressure (OR = 12.882, 95% CI: 1.882, 88.153), poor academic performance (OR = 14.48, 95% CI: 1.290, 162.58), and low school commitment (OR = 11.951, 95% CI: 1.418, 100.73). While, being male (OR = 7.52, 95% CI: 2.611, 21.739), age 14–16 (OR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.071, 0.565), friends watch/read sexually explicit materials (OR = 5.376, 95% CI: 1.010, 28.571), and khat chewing (OR = 12.5, 95% CI: 2.924, 25.632) were factors significantly associated with high-school adolescents exposure to sexually explicit materials. Conclusion The magnitude of prevalence for substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials in the study area was still higher. Therefore, interventions that focus on family management, peer pressure, and school commitment are required to decrease the prevalence of substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents.
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Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Vila-Paz A, Cruz-Valiño JM, Gándara-Gafo B, Talavera-Valverde MÁ, Santos-del-Riego S. Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3019. [PMID: 32349213 PMCID: PMC7246518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alba Vila-Paz
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Cruz-Valiño
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Institute for Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation of A Coruña (Instituto Coruñés de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral-ICIRO), 15007 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Gándara-Gafo
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Talavera-Valverde
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- UDC Saudable, Health Promotion Department of University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
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Chen WT, Shiu C, Yang JP, Chuang P, Berg K, Chen LC, Chi PC. Tobacco, Alcohol, Drug Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Among MSM Living With HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2019; 30:610-618. [PMID: 31633629 PMCID: PMC7609996 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and are living with HIV have reported high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use. We examined relationships between accumulative IPV, incidents of IPV, and numbers of substances used. One hundred twenty Taiwanese MSM living with HIV completed a cross-sectional survey. Accumulative IPV was assessed by summing the number of 15 types of IPV experienced in the previous year; substance use was measured by any use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs during the previous week. In multivariate analysis, IPV was not associated with tobacco use but was positively associated with alcohol and other drug use and significantly associated with the probability of using multiple substances. MSM living with HIV who experienced greater IPV were more likely to use alcohol and other drugs and were more likely to use more than one substance. Health care providers screening for IPV should also screen for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ti Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chengshi Shiu
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joyce P. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Los Altos, California, USA
| | - Peing Chuang
- Taipei Union Hospital, Kunming Branch, Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kristin Berg
- Center for Disabilities and Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- School of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chi
- Taipei Union Hospital, Kunming Branch, Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bantjes J, Lochner C, Saal W, Roos J, Taljaard L, Page D, Auerbach RP, Mortier P, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Stein DJ. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of common mental disorders among first-year university students in post-apartheid South Africa: implications for a public mental health approach to student wellness. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:922. [PMID: 31291925 PMCID: PMC6617861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing awareness of the need for effective prevention, early detection, and novel treatment approaches for common mental disorders (CMDs) among university students. Reliable epidemiological data on prevalence and correlates are the cornerstones of planning and implementing effective health services and adopting a public health approach to student wellness. Yet, there is a comparative lack of sound psychiatric epidemiological studies on CMDs among university students in low- and middle-income countries, like South Africa (SA). It is also unclear if historically marginalised groups of students are at increased risk for mental health problems in post-apartheid SA. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime and 12-month CMDs among university students in SA, with a particular focus on vulnerability among students in historically excluded and marginalised segments of the population. Methods Data were collected via self-report measures in an online survey of first-year students registered at two large universities (n = 1402). CMDs were assessed with previously-validated screening scales. Data were weighted and analysed using multivariate statistical methods. Results A total of 38.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime CMD, the most common being major depressive disorder (24.7%). Twelve-month prevalence of any CMD was 31.5%, with generalised anxiety disorder being the most common (20.8%). The median age of onset for any disorder was 15 years. The median proportional annual persistence of any disorder was 80.0%. Female students, students who reported an atypical sexual orientation, and students with disabilities were at significantly higher risk of any lifetime or 12-month disorder. Female gender, atypical sexual orientation, and disability were associated with elevated risk of internalising disorders, whereas male gender, identifying as White, and reporting an atypical sexual orientation were associated with elevated risk of externalising disorders. Older age, atypical sexual orientation, and disability were associated with elevated risk of bipolar spectrum disorder. Conclusions Despite advances to promote greater social inclusion in post-apartheid SA, students who identify as female, students with atypical sexual orientations, and students with disabilities are nonetheless at increased risk of CMDs, although students who identify as Black and first-generation students are not. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7218-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wylene Saal
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Janine Roos
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders and Mental Health Information Centre of South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lian Taljaard
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Daniel Page
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Demenech LM, Dumith SC, Ferreira LS, Corrêa ML, Soares PSM, Silva PAD, Neiva-Silva L. How far can you go? Association between illicit drug use and academic migration. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the prevalence of illicit drugs use in the lifetime, last year and last month, as well as the factors associated to the last year's use and its association with academic migration, among undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. It was conducted a clustered systematic sampling. For multivariate analyses, it was used Poisson regression. Results: 1,423 students participated. The prevalence of illicit drug use in the lifetime, last year and last month were 42.4%, 25.5% and 17.7%, respectively. Regarding illicit substances, marijuana use was the most prevalent. The variables independently associated with illicit drugs use in the last year were academic migration, being male, younger, single, high parent's educational level, living with peers, tobacco use in the last year, and having friend and relative that have used illicit drugs. Religious practice had a protective effect. Conclusion: Individuals who migrated from their cities to study at the university are more exposed to the main risk factors pointed out by this research and hence to the use of illicit drugs. Based on these results, we suggest that universities develop evaluation, prevention, treatment or referral strategies considering specific needs of this population
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Neiva-Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil
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31
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Taremian F, Yaghubi H, Pairavi H, Hosseini SR, Zafar M, Moloodi R. Risk and protective factors for substance use among Iranian university students: a national study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2018; 13:46. [PMID: 30522495 PMCID: PMC6282323 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-018-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Substance use is a major mental health concern among university students. It may result in behavioral and academic problems, psychiatric disorders, and infectious diseases. Thus, this study investigated the risk and protective factors of substance use among Iranian university students. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A number of 7330 students were selected from 30 universities in Iran. The participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire. It measured life time, previous year and previous month’s substance use, demographic characteristics, and a body of risk and protective factors including, religious beliefs, self-esteem, stress and psychological pressure, sensation seeking, attention seeking, anger and aggression, depression and anxiety, parents’ positive attitude towards substance use, lack of intimacy between family members, plus substance use, smoking cigarettes or hookah, alcohol consumption, and prescribed medications use by their family members, easy access to illegal drugs, peers’ positive attitude towards substance use, peers’ drug use, perceived prevalence of substance use among students, and negative attitude toward university. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Participants’ anger and aggression, depression and anxiety, participants’ positive attitude towards substances, low level of religious beliefs, peers and family member’s substance use, and parent’s positive attitude towards substance significantly and strongly predicted using cigarette/hookah, alcohol, hard drugs, and prescribed medications. Having a negative attitude toward university significantly predicted using all types of substance (except for prescribed medications). Low self-esteem predicted using cigarette/hookah, and alcohol use. Perceived availability of illegal drugs predicted hard drugs and prescribed medications’ consumption. Finally, peers’ positive attitude toward drugs anticipated cigarette/hookah use. Conclusion Prevention programs are most needed among Iranian students. They should be comprehensive in nature and focus on students’ psychoeducation about substances and their related negative consequences, plus promotion of students’ life skills, and integrate family- and peer-based preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Taremian
- Islamic Republic of, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran. .,Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Yaghubi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Pairavi
- Counselling Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Zafar
- Shahed University Counseling Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moloodi
- Islamic Republic of, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Cannabis and Amphetamine Use Among Adolescents in Five Asian Countries. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2017; 6:288. [PMID: 30881756 PMCID: PMC6393045 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been a global increase in illicit drug use among young people. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as to explore factors associated with substance use among adolescents in five Asian countries: Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Methods 38,941 school children (mean age 15.4 years, SD=1.5) completed the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Topics covered in the questionnaire included cannabis and amphetamine use. Personal, parental, and environmental attributes were explored as predictors of cannabis and amphetamine use. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of potential predictors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Results Overall, the prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 0.9% and lifetime amphetamine use was 1.0% among research participants. Cannabis use was influenced by male gender (Kuwait, Mongolia), parental smoking habits (Kuwait, Iraq), and current cigarette smoking in all countries. Amphetamine use was associated with suicidal ideation (Kuwait, Malaysia, Vietnam), school truancy (Malaysia, Mongolia, Vietnam), being a victim of physical assault (Kuwait, Mongolia), bullying victimization (Iraq, Malaysia, Vietnam), as well as anxiety and current cigarette use in all countries. Conclusions Our preliminary results show the importance of personal attributes such as mental distress and environmental stressors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Future prospective studies are needed to identify causal relationships among personal attributes, parental attributes, environmental stressors, and illicit substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa.,ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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Concurrent Tobacco Use and Binge Drinking Among University Students in 30 Countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Int J Ment Health Addict 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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