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Hajebi A, Nasserinejad M, Rezaei N, Azadnajafabad S, Rashidi MM, Ahmadi N, Ghasemi E, Farzi Y, Yoosefi M, Djalalinia S, Fattahi N, Rezaei S, Foroutan Mehr E, Kazemi A, Haghshenas R, Rezaee K, Momen Nia Rankohi A, Afsari M, Mahdavihezaveh A, Jamshidi H, Farzadfar F. Alcohol consumption among Iranian population based on the findings of STEPS survey 2021. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16819. [PMID: 39039151 PMCID: PMC11263364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol production and consumption have been prohibited in Iran for over four decades, leading to a typical underestimation of its consumption. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption, its associated factors, and estimate per capita alcohol consumption among Iran's adult population. In this population-based survey, 27,874 adults from across Iran were selected using systematic proportional-to-size cluster sampling. Alcohol consumption was evaluated through a modified Persian version of the STEPS questionnaires from previous studies, applied over different timespans. Per capita consumption was calculated using the quantity-frequency method, expressed in liters of pure alcohol. Adjusted odds ratios were reported for associates of alcohol consumption concerning metabolic risk factors, sociodemographic elements, and lifestyle variables. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 6.9% (95% CI 6.5-7.2) in the adult population, with a notable sex difference (males: 13.7% [95% CI 13-14.4]; females: 1.4% [95% CI 1.1-1.6]). The 12 month prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.6-4.1). For individuals aged 18 and older, the per capita alcohol consumption in Iran was 0.12 L. Factors such as being a lifetime smoker, younger, wealthier, and having 7-12 years of education were significantly linked to higher alcohol consumption. Significant associations were also observed between alcohol consumption and having a history of heart attacks (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.44-2.89), and physical injuries (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.34-2.64). The estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of alcohol use in our study were higher among some of the subpopulations. The findings also revealed a complex relationship between alcohol consumption, behavioral risk factors, and metabolic profiles. Consequently, immediate preventive measures tailored to each factor's association with alcohol use are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Hajebi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasserinejad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, , University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yosef Farzi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elmira Foroutan Mehr
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Kazemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Rezaee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Momen Nia Rankohi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massomeh Afsari
- NCD Management Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khani Jeihooni A, Mohammadkhah F, Bijani M, Harsini PA. Changing the High-Risk Behaviors of Injecting Drug Users in Iran: Application Theory of Planned Behavior. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:4660336. [PMID: 39022182 PMCID: PMC11254463 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4660336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Injection risk behavior is a major predictor of HIV infection. The present study was conducted to survey the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on changing high-risk behaviors (the high-risk behaviors of injecting and behaviors of transmitting blood diseases to others) of injecting drug users under the coverage of addiction harm reduction centers. Methods This study is an experimental research on 120 drug addicts in 2021-2022. Two addiction harm reduction centers in Fasa City, Iran, were chosen randomly (one as the test group and the other as the control group). The data collection tool is made up of two parts. The first part is a questionnaire on demographics. The second part is a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior, which was made using information from different sources and studies. The training program was set up based on the pretest results and the theory of planned behavior for the test group. Before and six months after the educational intervention, the experimental and control groups filled out the questionnaire. With a significance level of 0.05, the independent t, chi-square, and paired t statistical tests were used to examine the data using the SPSS 22 program. Results In the test group, the average age of addicts was 37.42 ± 10.55 years, while in the control group, the average age was 38.36 ± 10.09 years (p=0.244). Six months after the educational intervention, all TPB theory's constructs (knowledge, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior of injecting drug users) were higher in the test group than in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion The results show the effect of this educational intervention in reducing high-risk behaviors related to injection in injection drug addicts, so it is suggested as a useful method to reduce high-risk injection behaviors in these people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Public HealthSchool of HealthShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadkhah
- Department of Community HealthChild Nursing and AgingRamsar School of NursingBabol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical NursingSchool of NursingFasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public HealthSchool of HealthKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Nemati S, Dardashti AR, Mohebbi E, Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R, Zendehdel K, Sheikh M. Potential impact of controlling opium use prevalence on future cancer incidence in Iran. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 73:102650. [PMID: 38881571 PMCID: PMC11180302 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans. This study aimed to estimate the potential reduction in incident cancers by 2035 in Iran, which accounts for 42% of global opium consumption, through decreasing opium use prevalence. Methods The population attributable fraction (PAF) of opium-related cancers was projected using national cancer incidence, age- and gender-specific opium use prevalence, relative cancer risks associated with opium use, and annual percentage changes in cancer incidence rates in Iran. Opium-related cancers were defined based on IARC monographs as cancers of lung, larynx, bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and pharynx. The number of preventable cancer cases under different opium prevalence scenarios was determined by subtracting attributable cases in each year based on current prevalence from those in alternative scenarios. Findings By 2035, an estimated 3,001,421 new cancer cases are expected in Iran, with 904,013 (30.1%) occurring in opium-related sites. Maintaining the current opium prevalence (5.6%) is projected to cause 111,130 new cancer cases (3.7% of all cancers, 12.3% of opium-related). A 10%, 30%, and 50% reduction in opium prevalence could prevent 9,016, 28,161, and 49,006 total incident cancers by 2035 in Iran, respectively. Reducing opium use prevalence by 10%-50% is projected to have the highest impact on lung cancer (prevention of 2,946-15,831 cases), stomach cancer (prevention of 2,404-12,593 cases), and bladder cancer (prevention of 1,725-9,520 cases). Interpretation Our results highlight the significant benefits that can be achieved through effective cancer prevention policies targeting opium use in Iran. Neglecting this risk factor is estimated to pose a significant burden on cancer incidence in the next decade in this population. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nemati
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dardashti
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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Masoudkabir F, Shafiee A, Heidari A, Mohammadi NSH, Tavakoli K, Jalali A, Nayebirad S, Alaeddini F, Saadat S, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Sadeghian S, Arita VA, Boroumand M, Karimi A. Epidemiology of substance and opium use among adult residents of Tehran; a comprehensive report from Tehran cohort study (TeCS). BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38365633 PMCID: PMC10870582 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and burden of substance and opium use have increased worldwide over the past decades. In light of rapid population changes in Tehran, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of opium and other substance use among adult residents in Tehran, Iran. METHOD From March 2016 to March 2019, we utilized data from 8 296 participants in the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase (TeCS). We calculated the age-sex-weighted prevalence of substance use and the geographic distribution of substance use in Tehran. We also used logistic regression analysis to determine possible determinants of opium use. RESULT We analyzed data from 8 259 eligible participants with complete substance use data and the average age of participants was 53.7 ± 12.75 years. The prevalence of substance use was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6- 7.1%). Substance use was more common in males than females (Prevalence: 10.5% [95% CI: 8.6- 12.6%] vs. 0.5% [95% CI: 0.2- 1.2%], respectively). The age-sex weighted prevalence of substance use was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.6-7.1%). Moreover, opium was the most frequently used substance by 95.8% of substance users. Additionally, we found that male gender (Odds ratio [OR]: 12.1, P < 0.001), alcohol intake (OR: 1.3, P = 0.016), and smoking (OR: 8.5, P < 0.001) were independently associated with opium use. CONCLUSIONS We found that the prevalence of substance use in Tehran was 5.6%, and opium was the most frequently used substance. In addition, male gender, lower levels of education, alcohol, and tobacco consumption are the main risk factors for substance use in Tehran. Healthcare providers and policymakers can utilize our results to implement preventive strategies to minimize substance use in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Shafiee
- Tehran Heart Center , Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Sadat Hosseini Mohammadi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Tavakoli
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Tehran Heart Center, North Kargar Ave, 1411713138, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepehr Nayebirad
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Alaeddini
- Tehran Heart Center , Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center , Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamamdali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center , Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimi
- Tehran Heart Center , Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Ghaemmaghami P, Sarbakhsh F, Janghorban R, Bahrami R. Preconception care, prenatal care, and postpartum bonding in women with substance use. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20528. [PMID: 37822612 PMCID: PMC10562804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The status of care in the preconception and pregnancy periods in women who use substances can have an impact on maternal and neonatal health. This study aimed to assess the provision of preconception care, prenatal care, and postnatal mother-to-child bonding among pregnant women who use substances. Methods An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted, involving 69 pregnant women who reported substance use and had it confirmed using a ten-parameter panel kit (M10T) manufactured by Hannan Teb Pars Company. These women were selected from a referral maternity hospital between January and December 2020, using a convenience sampling method. Sociodemographic information, obstetric and medical history, and information about preconception and prenatal care were collected. All maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded from the time of admission to the time of discharge for both the mothers and their neonates. Neonatal abstinence syndrome and mother-to-child bonding were assessed using modified Finnegan's neonatal abstinence tool and a postpartum bonding questionnaire, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests using SPSS software version 22. Result The mean age of the women was 32.8 ± 5.7 years. The mean duration of substance use was 5.1 ± 3.5 years. 48% of the pregnancies were reported as unwanted. A total of 94.2% and 50.7% of pregnant women did not receive preconception care and prenatal care, respectively. There was no association between pregnancy wantedness and receiving preconception care (P = 0.287), but a significant association was observed for prenatal care (P < 0.001). 31% of the mothers experienced a mother-to-child bonding disorder, with 75% of those who had unwanted pregnancies reporting such a disorder. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the majority of pregnant women who use substances did not receive preconception care, and prenatal care was inadequate with fewer visits than recommended. One-third of the pregnant women who use substances experienced a mother-to-child bonding disorder. It was also observed that women with unwanted pregnancies had poorer perinatal care and mother-to-child bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Ghaemmaghami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sarbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roksana Janghorban
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ale-Ebrahim J, Afrashteh S, Janani L, Seyed Alinaghi SA, Motevalian SA, Kasavandi A, Sedgh Azar M, Sajadipour M, Farhoudi B, Abbasi-Ghahramanloo A. Multiple Substance Use Patterns and Its Relationship with Imprisonment in a High-Risk Group of Iranian Adults. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00590. [PMID: 38315905 PMCID: PMC10660508 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use is recognized as an important factor associated with many diseases and premature deaths and the main risk factor for disability worldwide. This study aims to identify subgroups of substance use in adults and detect the effect of imprisonment on the membership of participants in latent classes of substance use. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was performed on 930 adult people who were referred to behavioral health counseling centers in Tehran province. All participants completed some checklists and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and latent class analysis (LCA). RESULTS Four latent classes were identified, including non-users (58%), cigarette smokers (11.6%), users of low stigma substances (27.4%), and drug users (3.1%). After adjusting for other studied variables, having a history of imprisonment increased the odds of membership in the cigarette smoker class (Odds ratio [OR]=5.82, 95%, confidence interval [CI]: 3.19-10.63) and drug user class (OR=53.59, 95% CI: 18.00- 159.52) compared to non-user class. Among all participants, 84 (9.0%) had a history of imprisonment. CONCLUSION Results from the present study indicate that 30.5% of the participants fell under the user of the low-stigma substance or drug user group. Focusing on increasing prisoner's knowledge of the dangers of using different substances and considering various programs for prisoners' leisure time may help reduce substance use prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Seyed Alinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Research Center for Addiction and High-Risk Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Kasavandi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sedgh Azar
- Head of Behavioral Disease Counselling Center Boali, Vice Chancellor of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Sajadipour
- Department of Epidemiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Farhoudi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Amanollahi A, Shadnia S, Mehrabi Y, Etemad K. Association between intoxication with psychoactive substances and adverse effects occurrence in consumers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228854. [PMID: 37822541 PMCID: PMC10563510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of psychoactive substance use is increasing worldwide and identifying adverse effects of these types of drugs is necessary in intoxicated patients. Objective We aimed to investigate the association of psychoactive substance intoxication with their adverse effects on the functioning of the bodily organs. Methods This was a single-center study between March 2019 and April 2022 on intoxicated patients with psychoactive substances. Inclusion criteria were intoxication with alcohol, opioids, and stimulants, and having available results of laboratory biomarkers. Demographic and clinical data of patients at the time of admission as well as during hospitalization were reviewed, retrospectively. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model in R software and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was estimated. Results A total of 800 hospitalized patients in the ICU (n = 400) and general ward (n = 400) were divided into two groups of intoxicated with alcohol (n = 200) and opioids or stimulants (n = 200). Liver (AOR = 0.15, p = 0.033; AOR = 0.13, p = 0.007) and kidney (AOR = 0.46, p = 0.004; AOR = 0.24, p = 0.021) dysfunction occurred less in the ICU and general ward, respectively, in opioids or stimulants intoxication compared to alcohol. Cardiovascular dysfunctions occurred more in opioids or stimulants intoxication compared to alcohol in both ICU (AOR = 10.32, p < 0.0001) and general ward (AOR = 4.74, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Kidney dysfunctions had a greater effect on mortality compared to other dysfunctions. During the follow-up, the incidence of dysfunctions increased in those intoxicated with opioids or stimulants. Men experienced more liver and kidney dysfunctions as well as mortality, but psychoactive substance experience was a protective factor in cardiovascular dysfunctions and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Amanollahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Shadnia
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Toxicological Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Razaghi E, Binazadeh M, Negarandeh R, Bradford J, Khoshnood K. The Hidden Aspects of A Century of Substance Use Policymaking in Iran.. [DOI: 10.32388/q0pmcl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of substances, especially opiates, has been a longstanding and significant problem in Iran. In response, Iran has experimented with a wide range of policies including nonintervention, regulation, legalization, prohibition, and criminalization. Exploring Iran’s substance use policies suggests that the Iranian government has been more concerned with byproducts of policies such as financial revenue, promoting diplomacy, and maintaining power, rather than genuinely alleviating the substance trade and addiction. First, we explore how opium taxation was the core substance use policy before oil became the main source of government income. Second, we discuss how conflicts of power between the health sector and other stakeholders relegated the role of the health sector and medical professionals. Lastly, we analyze the post-1979 revolution policies when Iran experienced social desolations, such as during the Iraq-Iran war and the subsequent economic recessions. We reveal that stigmatization and scapegoating of people who use substances have been used as a cover-up to obscure deeper social problems. This historical analysis ultimately reveals that Iran’s substance use policies have largely neglected medical approaches in favor of more oppressive, but politically expedient options.
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Naghizadeh S, Faramarzi E, Akbari H, Jafari N, Sarbakhsh P, Mohammadpoorasl A. Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse in Iranian adults: Results of Azar Cohort Study. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:99-104. [PMID: 37600541 PMCID: PMC10439452 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substance abuse has significant health impacts on families and society as a whole. We aimed to provide detailed prevalence estimates of substance abuse among the Azar Cohort Study respondents in Tabriz, Iran. Methods Data on 15006 participants of Azar Cohort Study were analyzed. The variables included tobacco smoking, alcohol use, drug abuse, and socio-demographic characteristics. The prevalence of substance abuse (with a 95% confidence interval) was calculated using the direct standardization method. Results Overall, 9.3% and 6.2% of the participants were regular and heavy cigarette smokers, respectively. Also, 1.9% and 2.1% of participants reported a history of using illicit drugs and alcohol, respectively. Substance abuse was more prevalent among males than females. Substance abuse varied significantly with age and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion We identified specific demographic and socioeconomic groups with a higher prevalence of all studied behaviors. Such high-risk groups should be targeted when designing substance abuse prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naghizadeh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Jafari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rafiemanesh H, Shadloo B, Amin-Esmaeili M, Rahimi Y, Gholami J, Rahimi-Movaghar A. Prevalence of Tuberculosis among People Who Use Drugs in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:219-227. [PMID: 38026719 PMCID: PMC10658100 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug use, especially injecting drug use, is associated with a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of TB among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Iran. Methods A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. All studies that provided data on the prevalence of TB among PWUD based on screening tests and diagnosis from 1990 up to August 2019 were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed on the prevalence of active TB among people who inject drugs (PWID). Findings Overall, nine studies were included. The studies were carried out from 1994 to 2012 in seven out of the 31 provinces of Iran. Seven studies provided data on the prevalence of TB diagnosis among 1087 PWID. The pooled prevalence of TB diagnosis was 10.1% (95% CI: 4.5, 15.8) in studies carried out in hospitals and 0.54% (95% CI: 0.04, 1.04) in other settings. Conclusion The present review suggests an approximately 40 times higher prevalence of TB among PWID compared to the general population. However, most of the included studies were conducted on a subpopulation of drug users, and caution should be exercised when generalizing the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rafiemanesh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrang Shadloo
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yekta Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Gholami
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amini F, Vaziri S, Amini Z. The Effect of Healthy Mental Lifestyle Package On Sleep Quality, Mental Health, and Lifestyle of Substance Users. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:166. [PMID: 37564450 PMCID: PMC10410435 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_186_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a training package based on the lived experience of substance abusers on sleep problems and mental health. Materials and Methods The current study was performed on 70 subjects equally distributed into two groups of control and intervention, Data collection tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success-Adult Form (BASIS-A) Inventory. Data analysis was administered using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and MANCOVA. Statistical significance was considered when the P value < 0.05. Results A total of 70 subjects participated in this study; 7 (10.6%) were females and 59 (89.4%) were males, with a mean age of 36.29 ± 8.588 years. The total score of PSQI was 12.48 (±4.206) and 13.16 (±3.397) for control and intervention groups, respectively, and declined to 12.33 (±4.442) and 9.56 (±4.45) after the intervention. The intervention resulted in an improved score for scales of belonging, going along, taking charge, harshness, being liked by all, and striving for perfection. Whereas the total score of the GHQ is reduced for both groups, that in the intervention group showed a higher decrease, which was also statistically significant. Conclusion The developed training package successfully improved participants' sleep quality, mental health, and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Amini
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeed Vaziri
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Amini
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Beheshti Namdar A, AkbariRad M, Farzaneh Far M, Ahadi M, Hosseini SM, Firoozi A, Shoraka O, Ataee Karizmeh M, Moodi Ghalibaf A. Addiction and the Risk of Common Bile Duct Stones: A 4-Year Retrospective Population-Based Study in Mashhad, Iran. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:100-104. [PMID: 37560391 PMCID: PMC10408761 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a common digestive disorder, choledocholithiasis can have serious consequences, including death. Given that opioids have been shown to contribute to the spasm of Oddi's sphincter, which results in biliary stasis in the common bile duct (CBD), it is likely that opioids can also raise the prevalence of choledocholithiasis. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate how common opium addiction was among choledocholithiasis patients in Mashhad, Iran. METHODS The current retrospective observational study was conducted on 599 patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), utilizing information gathered at the Ghaem hospital in Mashhad, Iran, between 2011 and 2015. Patient data were collected from files and records using certain criteria such as gender, opium addiction, hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), plasma levels of total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. The size of the CBD stones as well as the correlation between the gallbladder and CBD stones were calculated. FINDINGS From among 599 patients included, 345 (57.6%) were female and 254 (42.4%) were male. Moreover, 195 patients (32.2%) had opiate addictions. The size of the CBD stone was correlated with the patient's age (r=0.17, P=0.001). The average stone measured 12.22±3.32 mm. There were notable differences in the mean size of the CBD stone (P<0.001) between addicted and non-addicted cases; specifically, the mean CBD stone size in addicted cases was 12.715.13 mm while it was 12.34.33 mm in non-addicted cases. CONCLUSION This study showed patients with CBD stones have a higher rate of opium addiction compared to the general population, indicating a possible link between the two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Beheshti Namdar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina AkbariRad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Farzaneh Far
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mousalreza Hosseini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdollah Firoozi
- Pharmacist, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Shoraka
- Medical Doctor, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ataee Karizmeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Shojaei Zarghani S, Rahimi Kashkooli N, Bagheri Z, Tabatabaei M, Fattahi MR, Safarpour AR. Dietary selenium intake in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index; a cross-sectional study on the baseline data of prospective PERSIAN Kavar cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36864425 PMCID: PMC9983261 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited and conflicting evidence on the association between selenium and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the present population-based cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary selenium intake and the risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 3026 subjects from the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) Kavar cohort study were included in the analysis. The daily selenium intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and energy-adjusted quintiles of selenium intake (µg/day) were calculated. NAFLD was defined as the fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60 or the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) > 36. The association between dietary selenium intake and NAFLD was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence rates of NAFLD were 56.4% and 51.9%, based on the FLI and HSI markers, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) for FLI-defined NAFLD were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.70) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.99) for the fourth and fifth quintiles of selenium intake, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and dietary factors (P trend = 0.002). There was also a similar association between selenium intakes and HSI-defined NAFLD (OR = 1.34 (95% CI: 1.03-1.75) for the fourth quintile and OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.12-2.01) for the fifth quintile of selenium intake) (P trend = 0.006). CONCLUSION In this large sample study, we observed a weak positive association between dietary selenium intake and NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Rahimi Kashkooli
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bagheri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdy Tabatabaei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Haghparast Z, Riazi H, Shams J, Montazeri A. Couple Burnout and Partner's Substance-Dependency: Is there any Association? Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2023; 10:23333928221144445. [PMID: 36760678 PMCID: PMC9905033 DOI: 10.1177/23333928221144445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Substance-dependency is a significant health problem that might affect couples' relationships and lead to several complications such as burnout. This study aimed to assess and compare couple burnout in women with and without substance-dependent partners. Methods In this cross-sectional study samples of women with and without substance-dependent partners were studied. Couple burnout was assessed using the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The data then were compared between the study groups by performing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and chi-square. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between couple burnout and independent variables. Results In all 264 women with (n = 121) and without (n = 143) substance-dependent partners were studied. Couple burnout was assessed using the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). There were significant differences between both groups in most characteristics. The mean score of couple burnout in women with and without substance-dependent partners were 3.8 ± 1.2 and 2.6 ± 0.85 respectively (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, the probability of couple burnout in women with substance-dependent partners was 4.5 times more than those without substance-dependent partners (OR = 4.50, CI = 2.48-8.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings showed that women with substance-dependent partners might suffer from higher couple burnout. Indeed, implementing appropriate interventions such as educational and counseling programs in health centers and substance abuse treatment centers is recommended. In fact, the current study highlights the extra burden that women with substance-dependent partners experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Haghparast
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Riazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hedyeh Riazi, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ValiAsr Ave., Cross of Niayesh Highway and ValiAsr, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Sciences and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Rahbar Taramsari M, Mobayen M, Feizkhah A, Letafatkar N, Esmailzadeh M, Hoseinzadeh S, Yeganehdoost F, Mehdipour F, Bagheri Toolaroud P. The Effect of Drug Abuse on Clinical Outcomes of Adult Burn Patients Admitted to a Burn Center in the North of Iran. Bull Emerg Trauma 2023; 11:90-95. [PMID: 37193010 PMCID: PMC10182718 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2023.98282.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Burn trauma is a life-threatening incident that may be accompanied by several risk factors that increase morbidity and mortality. Drug abuse is one of the lifestyle dangers on the rise globally and can have an impact on the outcomes of burn injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drug abuse on the clinical outcomes of adult burn patients who were admitted to a burn center in the North of Iran. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included adult burn patients who were referred to Velayat Hospital, between March 1, 2021, and March 20, 2022. The hospital information system (HIS) was used to select patients with a history of drug use and then were compared with burn victims who had never used drugs before. In both groups, demographic information, the cause of the burn, the comorbid diseases, total body surface area, length of stay, and outcomes were collected and recorded for both groups. Results This study included 114 inpatients, 90 of whom (78.95%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 43±15 years. The mean length of hospitalization in the drug-user group was significantly higher than in the non-drug abuse group (p=0.004). The drug abuse group had significantly higher rates of comorbid diseases (p=0.021), inhalation injury (p<0.001), mortality (p=0.002), and pneumonia (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the Infection and Sir's rates (p=0.583) between the groups. Conclusion Drug abuse is a risk factor in adult burn patients, which can affect the length of stay and burn-related morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Rahbar Taramsari
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mobayen
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negin Letafatkar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Esmailzadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Hoseinzadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farank Yeganehdoost
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehdipour
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parissa Bagheri Toolaroud
- Health Information Management Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Parissa Bagheri Toolaroud Address: Health Information Management Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Postal code: 87159-73449, Kashan, Iran. Tel: +98-9112812842; Fax: +98-31-55548883; +98-31-55589373 e-mail:
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Experiences and Perspectives of Patients Treated with Methadone on Mental Health Aspect of Lifestyle: A Qualitative Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-128804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drug abuse and its consequences place a considerable social and economic burden on society. Drug abuse has increased in Iran and reached three times the global average, indicating the need to develop innovative strategies to cope with this phenomenon. Objectives: Following a community-based participatory research approach, the aim was to identify the lived experience of drug users regarding the psychological aspect of their lifestyle. Methods: Narrative inquiry and phenomenological design were applied as the research framework. The use of in-depth interviewees and field notes guided the data collection and analysis. A total of 26 in-depth interviews were conducted with people who suffered from drug use (7 females and 19 males) in 2021. Interviewees ranging from 70 to 90 minutes were conducted in a quiet, private location chosen by the researcher. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed, and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Data analysis was administered using MAXQDA version 2020. Results: Most of the participants were educated Diploma and above. The participants' age ranged from 25 to 53 years old. During the interview, the subjects were in the following stages, methadone treatment time (n = 26). The analysis revealed four themes, and 11 sub-themes emerged. The themes were as follows: (1) negative emotions; (2) poor psychological capital; (3) poor support; and (4) psychological well-being. Conclusions: The most important problems of people with substance use, in the psychological dimension of lifestyle, include experiencing negative emotions, weak psychological capital, weak social support, unhealthy psychological well-being such as negative self-acceptance, reduced positive relations, not having a purposeful life, and inability to control environmental pressures. Hopefully, this study can help health policymakers develop more effective strategies against drug use.
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Ashrafi A, Kadhum M, Molodynski A, Bhugra D. Mental health and wellbeing among Iranian medical students: a descriptive study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1248-1252. [PMID: 34553630 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211047880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological wellbeing and stresses on medical students are currently under a global spotlight. Under a wider initiative supported by the British Medical Association (BMA), international surveys have been conducted to understand and begin to tackle these issues. METHOD This study aimed at describing the mental wellbeing and levels of burnout of Iranian medical students. A total of 179 medical students from 19 different cities participated voluntarily in the survey by answering an online questionnaire between April and August 2020. We detected a trend toward higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (namely depressive disorders) and substance misuse when compared to previous national studies. RESULTS About 6% of students screened positive for alcohol problems with the CAGE questionnaire. About 77% of medical students screened positive for mental health problems with the GHQ12 questionnaire. Very high rates of burnout were also reported. These findings emphasize the urgent need to define methods to screen at risk medical students and implement local and national initiatives to curtain their potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agaah Ashrafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Murtaza Kadhum
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, UK
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Alipour A, Babakhanian M, Zarghami M, Khosravi A, Saberi M. Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to drug-related deaths in the Islamic Republic Of Iran (2014-2017): a temporal and geographic pattern. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2843-2854. [PMID: 35730851 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.23252021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to measure the mortality burden caused by premature death due to substance abuse in different geographical regions of Iran from 2014-17. In this serial cross-sectional study, the data related to individuals who had died of drug abuse were first collected from two sources (Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization). Then, using the capture-recapture method, the number of drug-related deaths was estimated. The years of life lost (YLLs) for all provinces of Iran was calculated based on age, sex, and year. During these four years, the total number of deaths was 12029. The mean age of the individuals was 37.3±14.1. The mean age of dead people was constant in women and men over this period; however, the mean age of dead women due to substance abuse was lower than that of men. The mean YLLs per dead person was 70131.3329 years for men and 9321.1125 years for women. The potential years of life lost (YLLs) showed an upward trend, which was stronger in women than men. It is necessary to perform more regional overviews for finding differences in the number of YLLs due to substance abuse so that specific regional policies can be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alipour
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Mazandaran Province Iran
| | - Masoudeh Babakhanian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. University Education and Research Campus, 5 km of Damghan road, JF62+4W5. Semnan Iran.
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Mazandaran Province Iran
| | - Ardeshir Khosravi
- Vice Chancellery for Health, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Saberi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran Iran
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Ebrahimi B, Doosti-Irani A, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Poorolajal J. High-Risk Behaviors and Associated Factors among Iranian Adult Population: A National Survey. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:1107-1117. [PMID: 36407734 PMCID: PMC9643248 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i5.9426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no official and representative information on certain health-risk behaviors in Iran. This national survey was performed to determine the prevalence of five high-risk behaviors among the adult population and underlying factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in 23 provinces of Iran in 2019 involving 10,957 participants. The following five risky behaviors were evaluated: (a) using illicit drugs in the past month, (b) drinking alcohol in the past month, (c) having extramarital sex in the past year, (d) having suicidal thoughts in the past month, (e) and attempting suicide in the past year. The logistic regression model was used for analyses and associations were reported using odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of health-risk behaviors was as follows: illicit drug use 10.4%, drinking alcohol 16.8%, extramarital sex 9.9%, suicidal thoughts 8.8%, and suicide attempt 5.4%. Almost 27.6% of the participants were involved in at least one risky behavior. There was a strong association between illicit drugs use and male gender 2.51 (2.11-2.98) and using psychiatric medications 2.96 (2.46-3.55); between drinking alcohol and male gender 2.23 (1.93-2.58); between extramarital sex and divorced/widowed status 2.43 (1.72-3.44) and having an intimate friend of the opposite sex 3.75 (3.13-4.51); between suicidal thoughts and using psychiatric medications 2.23 (1.83-2.72); between suicide attempt and a history of running away from home 2.10 (1.64-2.68). CONCLUSION More than one-fourth Iranian adult population is involved in at least one risky behavior. Engaging in any risky behavior may increase the possibility of engaging in other high-risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Ebrahimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Predicting the necessity of oxygen therapy in the early stage of COVID-19 using machine learning. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:957-968. [PMID: 35147843 PMCID: PMC8832434 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Medical oxygen is a critical element in the treatment process of COVID-19 patients which its shortage impacts the treatment process adversely. This study aims to apply machine learning (ML) to predict the requirement for oxygen-based treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In the first phase, demographic information, symptoms, and patient’s background were extracted from the databases of two local hospitals in Iran, and preprocessing actions were applied. In the second step, the related features were selected. Lastly, five ML models including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), XGBoost, C5.0, and neural networks (NNs) were implemented and compared based on their accuracy and capability. Among the variables related to the patient’s background, consuming opium due to the high rate of opium users in Iran was considered in the models. Of the 398 patients included in the study, 112 (28.14%) received oxygen-based treatment. Shortness of breath (71.42%), fever (62.5%), and cough (59.82%) had the highest frequency in patients with oxygen requirements. The most important variables for prediction were shortness of breath, cough, age, and fever. For opioid-addicted patients, in addition to the high mortality rate (23.07%), the rate of oxygen-based treatment was twice as high as non-addicted patients. XGBoost and LR obtained the highest area under the curve with values of 88.7% and 88.3%, respectively. For accuracy, LR and NNs achieved the best and same accuracy (86.42%). This approach provides a tool that accurately predicts the need for oxygen in the treatment process of COVID-19 patients and helps hospital resource management.
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Safarpour AR, Fattahi MR, Niknam R, Tarkesh F, Mohammadkarimi V, Boogar SS, Abbasi E, Abtahi F, Sivandzadeh GR, Ejtehadi F, Afshar M, Shamsnia SA, Niknejad N. Alarm of non-communicable disease in Iran: Kavar cohort profile, baseline and 18-month follow up results from a prospective population-based study in urban area. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260227. [PMID: 35085244 PMCID: PMC8794109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The PERSIAN Kavar cohort study (PKCS) aims to investigate the prevalence, trends, and relevant prognostic risk factors of non-communicable diseases in participants aged 35-70 years living in the urban area of Kavar County. Kavar County is located at the center of Fars province in the southwest of Iran. Overall, 5236 adults aged 35-70 years old were invited to participate in the PKCS. From whom, 4997 people comprising 2419 men and 2578 women met the inclusion criteria and were recruited in the study (participation rate: 95.4%). This study is aimed to follow participants for at least 10 years; it is designed to perform all procedures similar to the primary phase including biological sampling, laboratory tests, physical examinations, and collecting general, nutritional, and medical data at the 5th and 10th years of follow-up. In addition, participants are annually followed-up by phone to acquire data on the history of hospitalization, any major diagnosis or death. At the enrollment phase, trained interviewers were responsible for obtaining general, nutritional, and medical data utilizing a 482-item questionnaire. The results of the baseline phase of this study show that the overweight category was the most prevalent BMI category among the registered participants (n = 2005, 40.14%). Also, almost one-third of Kavar adult population suffered from metabolic syndrome at the baseline phase (n = 1664, 33.30%). The rate of eighteen-month follow-up response was 100% in the PKCS. Hypertension (n = 116, 2.32%), cardiovascular outcomes (n = 33, 0.66%), and diabetes (n = 32, 0.64%) were the most prevalent new-onset NCDs during eighteen months of follow-up in the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Niknam
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Tarkesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadkarimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Abbasi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Abtahi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fardad Ejtehadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Kavar Health System Network, Kavar County, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Shamsnia
- Kavar Health System Network, Kavar County, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Niknejad
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Prevalence, Demographic Correlates, and Medical Correlates of Cognitive Impairment Among Iranian People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:421-435. [PMID: 35081086 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT While taking antiretroviral therapy, 30%-60% of people living with HIV (PLWH) experience neurocognitive impairment (NCI). To determine NCI prevalence among Iranian PLWH, by the computerized Vienna Test System, 63 adults living without HIV and 63 Iranian PLWH aged 18-50 years (M = 35.3, SD = 7.9) were assessed for cognitive function. NCI was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff points based on the adults living without HIV. Associations between demographics, HIV serostatus markers, and mean T-scores were investigated. Performance differences were tested by including significant covariates in an analysis of covariance. NCI prevalence rates were 57.14% in PLWH and 19.05% in adults living without HIV. Global neurocognitive performance and all cognitive domains were significantly different between the groups, except for visual memory and selective attention. In Iran, NCI prevalence parallels that reported in PLWH worldwide. There should be a strategy to screen Iranian PLWH for NCI.
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23
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Hoghoughi MA, Marzban MR, Shahrbaf MA, Shahriarirad R, Kamran H, Meimandi FZ, Salimi M, Hosseinpour H. Burn Injuries in People Who Used Drug, 2009-2017: A Case-Control Study in Shiraz, Southern Iran. J Burn Care Res 2022; 43:1170-1174. [PMID: 35029683 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury is a critical health issue, which is associated with several morbidities and mortalities. Substance abuse, which is an important public health problem in Iran, can affect burn injury outcomes and etiologies in victims. This study was aimed to evaluate different aspects of burn injuries in people who used drug (PWUD) in two referral centers in the south of Iran. METHODS This Case-Control Study was conducted on burn victims referred to Amir-al Momenin Hospital and Ghotb-al-din Hospital from 2009 to 2017. Patients with a history of drug consumption were selected from the database and compared to randomly selected burn victims with no history of drug use. Demographics, burn etiology, underlying disease, total body surface area, hospitalization duration, and also the outcomes were collected and recorded in both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 5,912 inpatients were included in this study, which 2,397 of them (40.54%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 26.12 ± 19.18. Drug history was positive in 659 patients (11.15%). Familial issues and mental disorders were significantly higher in the PWUD group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Explosion etiology was significantly higher in the PWUD group (P<0.001). Psychiatric disorders (P<0.001), total body surface area (P=0.023), and hospital stay (P<0.001) were significantly higher in PWUD; however, the mortality rate had no statistically significant differences between the groups (P=0.583). CONCLUSION Substance abuse is a risk factor in burn victims, which can affect burn etiology and burn-related morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Hoghoughi
- Department of Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Marzban
- Department of Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Kamran
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zahmatkesh Meimandi
- Department of Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hosseinpour
- Department of Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Bijani M, Dehghan A, Razavi S, Karimi S. Examining the association between opium use, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with the liver enzyme levels in a population-based study: Fasa Persian cohort data. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 34986881 PMCID: PMC8734351 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Opium use, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption are serious health problems in many countries including Iran. The present study aimed to examine the association between the opium use, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with liver enzyme levels in Southern Iran. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. The entire population of the Fasa Persian cohort study in the southern region of Iran was selected as the sample. Accordingly, 10,145 people participated in the study. Results Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP). There was also a significant relationship between inhaled opium and liver enzymes, but oral opium revealed no significant relationship with the activity of liver enzymes. Accordingly, policymakers of the health care system are recommended to hold educational programs to improve the health literacy level of the society and take effective preventative strategies in reducing the use of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Razavi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Karimi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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25
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Ghouchani HT, Lashkardoost H, Saadati H, Hojjat SK, Kaviyani F, Razaghi K, Asghari D, Gholizadeh N. Developing and validating a measurement tool to self-report perceived barriers in substance use treatment: the substance use treatment barriers questionnaire (SUTBQ). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2021; 16:82. [PMID: 34743748 PMCID: PMC8573928 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance using often cause a wide range of social, health, and psychological problems. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire of barriers of treatment in substance users. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the initial questionnaire was designed based on the evaluation of previous studies. The preliminary tool including 35 Likert-scaled items. After assuring the face validity of the questionnaire, 13 experts' opinions were obtained for assessing or improving the content validity. The reliability was investigated by internal consistency methods using Cronbach's alpha. For measuring the structural validity, the exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the dimensionality of the questionnaire using principal components extraction and Varimax rotation. RESULTS The preliminary questionnaire consisted of 35 items. After completing the face validity and summarizing the experts' suggestions, 8 items were removed. By calculating the content validity ratio and coefficient, 11 questions were deleted. The internal consistency was calculated to be 0.84 using Cronbach's alpha. In the last stage and according to the results of the factor analysis, three factors fear of or unawareness of treatment, doubt or inefficiency, and social stigma were identified from the 10-items questionnaire, which explained 67.34% of the total variance. CONCLUSION Considering the necessity of using a validated tool for planning and evaluating effective interventions on people who use substance is inevitable. The Substance use Treatment Barriers Questionnaire is designed with 10 items and 3 dimensions, which has appropriate validity and reliability and can be used to determine the obstacles for treatment or factors that lead to discontinuing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tavakoli Ghouchani
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center & Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hossein Lashkardoost
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction & Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Division of sleep medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences research center, Mashhad university of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Kaviyani
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Kazem Razaghi
- PhD, Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine NSW/ACT, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dordane Asghari
- Measurement & Measurement Field (Psychometric Field), Addiction & Behavioral Sciences Research Center (Researcher), Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Gholizadeh
- General Psychology, Addiction & Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Bojnurd, Iran
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26
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Mohammadi Z, Eghtesad S, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Tabatabaei SM, Sharafkhah M, Poustchi H. The Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Intravenous Drug Users in Comparison to Non-drug Users. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:67-70. [PMID: 34712441 PMCID: PMC8531943 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection has led to a worldwide pandemic, and new cases are on the rise. Intravenous drug users (IVDU) are presumably at a higher risk of being infected since they have poor personal hygiene, live in groups, and have risky behaviors. The current study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in IVDU in comparison with non-drug users (N-DU). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 IVDU and 134 N-DU. A questionnaire gathering data on demographics, comorbidities, and use of personal protective equipment was administered to all participants. In addition, 5 cc of blood was taken from each individual to test for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (Pishtaz Teb SARS-Cov-2 ELISA kits). RESULTS The mean age of N-DU and IVDU were 38.9 ± 12.9 and 40.38 ± 10.24 years, respectively. COVID-19 seroprevalence in IVDU was 9.7%, and 4.8% in N-DU, but this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.096). CONCLUSION While the seroprevalence of COVID-19 was not significantly different among the two groups, IVDU should still be considered by policymakers as a high-risk group due to their lifestyle and risky behaviors. Providing personal protective equipment and other means of protection and treatment to this population can help mitigate the spread of and mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Eghtesad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zuberi A, Waqas A, Naveed S, Hossain MM, Rahman A, Saeed K, Fuhr DC. Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665019. [PMID: 34335323 PMCID: PMC8316754 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To synthesize the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization. Methods: The literature search was conducted across several databases in two phases. First, we searched for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses published before 2014, reporting prevalence estimates for mental disorders in the EMR. Then, we identified new primary cross-sectional or longitudinal studies published between 2014 and 2020. Studies were included if they had a sample size of ≥ 450 and were conducted among the general adult population. Current, period and lifetime prevalence estimates for each disorder were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted. Findings: Prevalence estimates were extracted from 54 cross-sectional studies across 15 countries within the EMR. Pooled analyses of current, period and lifetime prevalence showed the highest prevalence for depression (14.8%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 10.7-20.1%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (10.4%, 95% CI: 7.1-14.7%), post-traumatic stress disorder (7.2%, 95% CI: 2.9-16.6%), substance use (4.0%, 95% CI: 3.1-5.2%), obsessive compulsive disorder (2.8%, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9%), phobic disorders (1.8%, 95% CI: 1.1-2.8%), panic disorders (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.6-2.2%), bipolar disorders (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.3-1.6%), and psychosis (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9%). Populations exposed to adverse events had higher prevalence of mental disorders than the general population. Period and lifetime prevalence showed little difference across mental disorders. More pronounced differences in prevalence were seen for depression and GAD, specifically between current and lifetime prevalence (depression: current prevalence 20.5% (95% CI: 14.9-27.4%), vs. lifetime prevalence: 4.2% (95%CI: 1.8-9.6%); GAD: current prevalence 10.3% (95% CI: 6.1-17.0), vs. lifetime prevalence: 4.5% (95% CI: 2.4-8.3%). Differences between current and lifetime prevalence of mental disorders may be due to the use of different screening instruments and thresholds being applied. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in the EMR is high. Despite substantial inter-survey heterogeneity, our estimates align with previous global and regional data on mental disorders. Our meta-review provides new evidence on the burden of mental health problems in the EMR. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020187388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Zuberi
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Md Mahbub Hossain
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Atif Rahman
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Saeed
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daniela C. Fuhr
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Shakeri J, Farnia V, Jouybari TA, Salemi S, Rahami B, Soltani B, Moradinazar M, Alikhani M. Cognitive avoidance as a coping mechanism in patients with opioid use disorders (OUDs): a cross-sectional study in Western Iran. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1875066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Shakeri
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi Jouybari
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safora Salemi
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rahami
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahareh Soltani
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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