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Castillo-Ribelles L, Arranz-Amo JA, Hernández-Vara J, Samaniego-Toro D, Enriquez-Calzada S, Pozo SLD, Camprodon-Gomez M, Laguna A, Gonzalo MA, Ferrer R, Martinez-Vicente M, Carnicer-Caceres C. Evaluation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Glucosylceramide and Galactosylceramide Isoforms in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12875-12882. [PMID: 39047057 PMCID: PMC11308999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, encoding glucocerebrosidase beta 1 (GCase), are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GCase dysfunction leads to an accumulation of glucosylceramide (GluCer) substrates in different organs and fluids. Despite the challenges in quantifying GluCer isoforms in biological samples, their potential clinical interest as PD biomarkers justifies the development of robust assays. An extensively evaluated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for quantifying 14 GluCer and galactosylceramide (GalCer) isoforms in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples is presented. Sample pretreatment, HPLC, and MS/MS parameters were optimized. Evaluation was performed according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Medicines Agency guidelines. Four 7-point calibration curves were generated, with a linearity interval from 2.5 to 200 nM (R2 ≥ 0.995). The limit of quantification was set at 5 nM. Between-run precision and accuracy were up to 12.5 and 9%, respectively. After method validation, we measured the levels of GluCer and GalCer isoforms in CSF human samples, including 6 healthy controls (HC), 22 idiopathic GBA1 wild-type PD (iPD) patients, and 5 GBA1-associated PD (PD-GBA) patients. GluCer/GalCer median ratios were found to be higher in the CSF of PD-GBA patients, particularly in severe GBA1 mutations, than those in iPD and HC. The observed trends in GluCer/GalCer ratios among groups provide novel information for the comprehensive analysis of sphingolipids as potential biomarkers of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castillo-Ribelles
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Arranz-Amo
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Neurology
Department, Vall d’Hebron University
Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Enriquez-Calzada
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Sara Lucas-Del Pozo
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Neurology
Department, Vall d’Hebron University
Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Department
of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
| | - Maria Camprodon-Gomez
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Unit
of Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Mercedes Arrúe Gonzalo
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Departament
de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Neurodegenerative
Diseases Research Group- Center for Networked Biomedical Research
on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Vall d’Hebron Research
Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona
Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Clara Carnicer-Caceres
- Clinical
Biochemistry Department, Vall d’Hebron
University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (CB-DDT) Research Group,
Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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2
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Rubilar JC, Outeiro TF, Klein AD. The lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase strikes mitochondria: implications for Parkinson's therapeutics. Brain 2024; 147:2610-2620. [PMID: 38437875 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily known for typical motor features that arise due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the precise molecular aetiology of the disease is still unclear. Several cellular pathways have been linked to Parkinson's disease, including the autophagy-lysosome pathway, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial function. Interestingly, the mechanistic link between GBA1, the gene that encodes for lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), and Parkinson's disease lies in the interplay between GCase functions in the lysosome and mitochondria. GCase mutations alter mitochondria-lysosome contact sites. In the lysosome, reduced GCase activity leads to glycosphingolipid build-up, disrupting lysosomal function and autophagy, thereby triggering α-synuclein accumulation. Additionally, α-synuclein aggregates reduce GCase activity, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of lysosomal dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation. GCase can also be imported into the mitochondria, where it promotes the integrity and function of mitochondrial complex I. Thus, GCase mutations that impair its normal function increase oxidative stress in mitochondria, the compartment where dopamine is oxidized. In turn, the accumulation of oxidized dopamine adducts further impairs GCase activity, creating a second cycle of GCase dysfunction. The oxidative state triggered by GCase dysfunction can also induce mitochondrial DNA damage which, in turn, can cause dopaminergic cell death. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of GCase in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and discuss promising examples of GCase-based therapeutics, such as gene and enzyme replacement therapies, small molecule chaperones and substrate reduction therapies, among others, as potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rubilar
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7780272, Chile
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3
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Yang R, He C, Zhang P, Li Y, Rong S, Chen X, Qi Q, Gao Z, Chi J, Wang L, Cai M, Zhang Y. Plasma sphingolipids, dopaminergic degeneration and clinical progression in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 126:107071. [PMID: 39053098 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipid dysregulation in Parkinson's disease (PD) may affect the release and uptake of striatal dopamine. However, the longitudinal relationship between sphingolipids, striatal dopaminergic degeneration, and clinical correlates in idiopathic PD (iPD) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between plasma sphingolipids, striatal dopamine transporter specific binding ratio (DAT-SBR) and clinical symptoms in iPD. METHODS We included 283 iPD patients and 121 healthy controls (HC) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), utilizing available data on plasma sphingolipids (sphingomyelin [SM] and ceramide [CER]), striatal DAT-SBR and clinical assessments. Linear mixed models and mediation analyses were used to examine the relationship between sphingolipids, DAT-SBR, and clinical progression in iPD. RESULTS Lower baseline SM levels were significantly associated with a faster decline in DAT-SBR in both the caudate (p = 0.015) and putamen (p = 0.002), with the putamen association remaining significant after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.015). No significant association was found for CER. Patients in the lowest quartile of baseline SM showed faster progression in MDS-UPDRS I (p = 0.013) and II (p = 0.011), while those in the lowest quartile of baseline CER showed faster progression in MDS-UPDRS II (p = 0.013) and III (p = 0.033). The progression rate of caudate DAT-SBR partially mediated the relationships between SM and progression in MDS-UPDRS I and II (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Sphingolipids are associated with worse dopaminergic degeneration and potentially linked to faster progression in iPD, holding the promise for identifying individuals with faster progression in iPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chentao He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Siming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Jieshan Chi
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mengfei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Zedde M, Romani I, Scaravilli A, Cocozza S, Trojano L, Ragno M, Rifino N, Bersano A, Gerevini S, Pantoni L, Valzania F, Pascarella R. Expanding the Neurological Phenotype of Anderson-Fabry Disease: Proof of Concept for an Extrapyramidal Neurodegenerative Pattern and Comparison with Monogenic Vascular Parkinsonism. Cells 2024; 13:1131. [PMID: 38994983 PMCID: PMC11240674 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a genetic sphingolipidosis involving virtually the entire body. Among its manifestation, the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is frequent. In recent decades, it has become evident that, besides cerebrovascular damage, a pure neuronal phenotype of AFD exists in the central nervous system, which is supported by clinical, pathological, and neuroimaging data. This neurodegenerative phenotype is often clinically characterized by an extrapyramidal component similar to the one seen in prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed the biological, clinical pathological, and neuroimaging data supporting this phenotype recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, we compared the neurodegenerative PD phenotype of AFD with a classical monogenic vascular disease responsible for vascular parkinsonism and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). A substantial difference in the clinical and neuroimaging features of neurodegenerative and vascular parkinsonism phenotypes emerged, with AFD being potentially responsible for both forms of the extrapyramidal involvement, and CADASIL mainly associated with the vascular subtype. The available studies share some limitations regarding both patients' information and neurological and genetic investigations. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential association between AFD and extrapyramidal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Romani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Scaravilli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Michele Ragno
- Centro Medico Salute 23, Via O. Licini 5, 63066 Grottammare (AP), Italy;
| | - Nicola Rifino
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy; (N.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy; (N.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Simonetta Gerevini
- Head Diagnostic Dept and Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
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5
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Osetrova M, Tkachev A, Mair W, Guijarro Larraz P, Efimova O, Kurochkin I, Stekolshchikova E, Anikanov N, Foo JC, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Mitina A, Ogurtsova P, Guo S, Potashnikova DM, Gulin AA, Vasin AA, Sarycheva A, Vladimirov G, Fedorova M, Kostyukevich Y, Nikolaev E, Wenk MR, Khrameeva EE, Khaitovich P. Lipidome atlas of the adult human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4455. [PMID: 38796479 PMCID: PMC11127996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the most abundant but poorly explored components of the human brain. Here, we present a lipidome map of the human brain comprising 75 regions, including 52 neocortical ones. The lipidome composition varies greatly among the brain regions, affecting 93% of the 419 analyzed lipids. These differences reflect the brain's structural characteristics, such as myelin content (345 lipids) and cell type composition (353 lipids), but also functional traits: functional connectivity (76 lipids) and information processing hierarchy (60 lipids). Combining lipid composition and mRNA expression data further enhances functional connectivity association. Biochemically, lipids linked with structural and functional brain features display distinct lipid class distribution, unsaturation extent, and prevalence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid residues. We verified our conclusions by parallel analysis of three adult macaque brains, targeted analysis of 216 lipids, mass spectrometry imaging, and lipidome assessment of sorted murine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Osetrova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tkachev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Waltraud Mair
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Efimova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Juat Chin Foo
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Song Guo
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Gulin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Vasin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Gleb Vladimirov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgeny Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Zhao X, Yang C, Chen X, Sun Y, Liu W, Ge Q, Yang J. Characteristic fingerprint spectrum of α-synuclein mutants on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Biophys J 2024; 123:1264-1273. [PMID: 38615192 PMCID: PMC11140463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein encoded by the SNCA gene, is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Point mutations and multiplications of α-synuclein (A30P and A53T) are correlated with early-onset Parkinson's disease characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Currently, the clinical identification of SNCA variants, especially disease-related A30P and A53T mutants, remains challenging and also time consuming. This study aimed to develop a novel label-free detection method for distinguishing the SNCA mutants using transmission terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The protein was spin-coated onto the quartz to form a thin film, which was measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of THz broadband pulse waves of α-synuclein protein variants (SNCA wild type, A30P, and A53T) at different frequencies were analyzed via Fourier transform. The amplitude A intensity (AWT, AA30P, and AA53T) and peak occurrence time in THz time-domain spectroscopy sensitively distinguished the three protein variants. The phase φ difference in THz frequency domain followed the trend of φWT > φA30P > φA53T. There was a significant difference in THz frequency amplitude A' corresponding to the frequency ranging from 0.4 to 0.66 THz (A'A53T > A'A30P > A'WT). At a frequency of 0.4-0.6 THz, the transmission T of THz waves distinguished three variants (TA53T > TA30P > TWT), whereas there was no difference in the transmission T at 0.66 THz. The SNCA wild-type protein and two mutant variants (A30P and A53T) had distinct characteristic fingerprint spectra on THz time-domain spectroscopy. This novel label-free detection method has great potential for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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7
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Siemeling O, Slingerland S, van der Zee S, van Laar T. Study protocol of the GRoningen early-PD Ambroxol treatment (GREAT) trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center trial with ambroxol in Parkinson patients with a GBA mutation. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:146. [PMID: 38693511 PMCID: PMC11061939 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no disease modifying therapies are available for Parkinson's disease (PD). Since PD is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, there is a high demand for such therapies. Both environmental and genetic risk factors play an important role in the etiology and progression of PD. The most common genetic risk factor for PD is a mutation in the GBA1(GBA)-gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The mucolytic ambroxol is a repurposed drug, which has shown the property to upregulate GCase activity in-vitro and in-vivo. Ambroxol therefore has the potency to become a disease modifying therapy in PD, which was the reason to design this randomized controlled trial with ambroxol in PD patients. METHODS This trial is a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, including 80 PD patients with a GBA mutation, receiving either ambroxol 1800 mg/day or placebo for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscore (part III) of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRSIII) in the practically defined off-state at 60 weeks (after a 12-week washout period). Secondary outcomes include a 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-I-phenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA) PET-scan of the brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (with resting state f-MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging), GCase activity, both intra- and extracellularly, sphingolipid profiles in plasma, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), quality of life (QoL) measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) questionnaire. DISCUSSION Ambroxol up to 1200 mg/day has shown effects on human cerebrospinal fluid endpoints, which supports at least passage of the blood-brain-barrier. The dose titration in this trial up to 1800 mg/day will reveal if this dose level is safe and also effective in modifying the course of the disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05830396. Registration date: March 20, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Siemeling
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S Slingerland
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parkinson Expertise Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Bramich S, Noyce AJ, King AE, Naismith SL, Kuruvilla MV, Lewis SJG, Roccati E, Bindoff AD, Barnham KJ, Beauchamp LC, Vickers JC, Pérez-Carbonell L, Alty J. Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) in the Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) Sleep Study: protocol and baseline characteristics. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14109. [PMID: 38014898 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a sleep disorder that is characterised by dream enactment episodes during REM sleep. It is the strongest known predictor of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disease (αNDD), such that >80% of people with iRBD will eventually develop Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy in later life. More research is needed to understand the trajectory of phenoconversion to each αNDD. Only five 'gold standard' prevalence studies of iRBD in older adults have been undertaken previously, with estimates ranging from 0.74% to 2.01%. The diagnostic recommendations for video-polysomnography (vPSG) to confirm iRBD makes prevalence studies challenging, as vPSG is often unavailable to large cohorts. In Australia, there have been no iRBD prevalence studies, and little is known about the cognitive and motor profiles of Australian people with iRBD. The Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) Sleep Study will investigate the prevalence of iRBD in Tasmania, an island state of Australia, using validated questionnaires and home-based vPSG. It will also explore several cognitive, motor, olfactory, autonomic, visual, tactile, and sleep profiles in people with iRBD to better understand which characteristics influence the progression of iRBD to αNDD. This paper details the ISLAND Sleep Study protocol and presents preliminary baseline results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bramich
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Eddy Roccati
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Aidan D Bindoff
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leah C Beauchamp
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Laura Pérez-Carbonell
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Alty
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
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9
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Jáñez Pedrayes A, Rymen D, Ghesquière B, Witters P. Glycosphingolipids in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108434. [PMID: 38489976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of rare disorders affecting the different glycosylation pathways. Defective glycosylation can affect any organ, with varying symptoms among the different CDG. Even between individuals with the same CDG there is quite variable severity. Associating specific symptoms to deficiencies of certain glycoproteins or glycolipids is thus a challenging task. In this review, we focus on the glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis pathway, which is still rather unexplored in the context of CDG, and outline the functions of the main GSLs, including gangliosides, and their role in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of GSL studies that have been performed in CDG and show that abnormal GSL levels are not only observed in CDG directly affecting GSL synthesis, but also in better known CDG, such as PMM2-CDG. We highlight the importance of studying GSLs in CDG in order to better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jáñez Pedrayes
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Imae R, Manya H, Tsumoto H, Umezawa K, Miura Y, Endo T. Changes in the amount of nucleotide sugars in aged mouse tissues. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae032. [PMID: 38598324 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging affects tissue glycan profiles, which may alter cellular functions and increase the risk of age-related diseases. Glycans are biosynthesized by glycosyltransferases using the corresponding nucleotide sugar, and the availability of nucleotide sugars affects glycosylation efficiency. However, the effects of aging on nucleotide sugar profiles and contents are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of aging on nucleotide sugars using a new LC-MS/MS method. Specifically, the new method was used to determine the nucleotide sugar contents of various tissues (brain, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung, and colon) of male C57BL/6NCr mice (7- or 26-month-old). Characteristic age-associated nucleotide sugar changes were observed in each tissue sample. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in UDP-glucuronic acid content in the kidney of aged mice and a decrease in the contents of several nucleotide sugars, including UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, in the brain of aged mice. Additionally, there were variations in nucleotide sugar profiles among the tissues examined regardless of the age. The kidneys had the highest concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid among the seven tissues. In contrast, the skeletal muscle had the lowest concentration of total nucleotide sugars among the tissues; however, CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid and CDP-ribitol were relatively enriched. Conclusively, these findings may contribute to the understanding of the roles of glycans in tissue aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keitaro Umezawa
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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11
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Tseng HK, Su YY, Lai PJ, Lo SL, Liu HC, Reddy SR, Chen L, Lin CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GAA-7 Glycan Analogues and Evaluation of Their Neuritogenic Activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:656-670. [PMID: 38206798 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GAA-7 exhibits higher neurite outgrowth than ganglioside GM1a and most echinodermatous gangliosides (EGs) when tested on neuron-like rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). The unique structure of GAA-7 glycan, containing an uncommon sialic acid (8-O-methyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid) and sialic acid-α-2,3-GalNAc linkage, makes it challenging to synthesize. We recently developed a streamlined method to chemoenzymatically synthesize GAA-7 glycan and employed this modular strategy to efficiently prepare a library of GAA-7 glycan analogues incorporating N-modified or 8-methoxyl sialic acids. Most of these synthetic glycans exhibited moderate efficacy in promoting neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Among them, the analogue containing common sialic acid shows greater potential than the GAA-7 glycan itself. This result reveals that methoxy modification is not essential for neurite outgrowth. Consequently, the readily available analogue presents a promising model for further biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Kai Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Lo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chein Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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12
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Cooper O, Hallett P, Isacson O. Upstream lipid and metabolic systems are potential causes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementias. FEBS J 2024; 291:632-645. [PMID: 36165619 PMCID: PMC10040476 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain health requires circuits, cells and molecular pathways to adapt when challenged and to promptly reset once the challenge has resolved. Neurodegeneration occurs when adaptability becomes confined, causing challenges to overwhelm neural circuitry. Studies of rare and common neurodegenerative diseases suggest that the accumulation of lipids can compromise circuit adaptability. Using microglia as an example, we review data that suggest increased lipid concentrations cause dysfunctional inflammatory responses to immune challenges, leading to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia. We highlight current approaches to treat lipid metabolic and clearance pathways and identify knowledge gaps towards restoring adaptive homeostasis in individuals who are at-risk of losing cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cooper
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Penny Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
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13
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates neural stem cell quiescence and controls postnatal neurogenesis. Glia 2024; 72:167-183. [PMID: 37667994 PMCID: PMC10840680 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) pool hosts quiescent and activated radial glia-like NSCs contributing to neurogenesis throughout adulthood. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism during the transition from quiescent NSCs to activated NSCs in the postnatal NSC niche is not fully understood. Lipid metabolism and lipid composition play important roles in regulating NSC fate determination. Biological lipid membranes define the individual cellular shape and help maintain cellular organization and are highly heterogeneous in structure and there exist diverse microdomains (also known as lipid rafts), which are enriched with sugar molecules, such as glycosphingolipids. An often overlooked but key aspect is that the functional activities of proteins and genes are highly dependent on their molecular environments. We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and that the reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed in global GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. The specific roles of GD3 in determining the stage and cell-lineage determination of NSCs remain unclear, since global GD3S-KO mice cannot distinguish if GD3 regulates postnatal neurogenesis or developmental impacts. Here, we show that inducible GD3 deletion in postnatal radial glia-like NSCs promotes NSC activation, resulting in the loss of the long-term maintenance of the adult NSC pools. The reduced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3S-conditional-knockout mice led to the impaired olfactory and memory functions. Thus, our results provide convincing evidence that postnatal GD3 maintains the quiescent state of radial glia-like NSCs in the adult NSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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14
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Oh KW, Kim DK, Hsu AL, Lee SJ. Distinct sets of lysosomal genes define synucleinopathy and tauopathy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:657-662. [PMID: 37817435 PMCID: PMC10761752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by distinct protein aggregates, such as those of α-synuclein and tau. Lysosomal defect is a key contributor to the accumulation and propagation of aberrant protein aggregates in these diseases. The discoveries of common proteinopathies in multiple forms of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and the identification of some LSD genes as susceptible genes for those proteinopathies suggest causative links between LSDs and the proteinopathies. The present study hypothesized that defects in lysosomal genes will differentially affect the propagation of α-synuclein and tau proteins, thereby determining the progression of a specific proteinopathy. We established an imaging-based high-contents screening (HCS) system in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, by which the propagation of α-synuclein or tau is measured by fluorescence intensity. Using this system, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) screening to induce a wide range of lysosomal malfunction through knock down of 79 LSD genes, and to obtain the candidate genes with significant change in protein propagation. While some LSD genes commonly affected both α-synuclein and tau propagation, our study identified the distinct sets of LSD genes that differentially regulate the propagation of either α-synuclein or tau. The specificity and efficacy of these LSD genes were retained in the disease-related phenotypes, such as pharyngeal pumping behavior and life span. This study suggests that distinct lysosomal genes differentially regulate the propagation of α-synuclein and tau, and offer a steppingstone to understanding disease specificity. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(12): 657-662].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112-304, Taiwan, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03081, Korea
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd., Seoul 04796, Korea
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15
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Connolly KJ, Margaria J, Di Biase E, Cooper O, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Loss of Lipid Carrier ApoE Exacerbates Brain Glial and Inflammatory Responses after Lysosomal GBA1 Inhibition. Cells 2023; 12:2564. [PMID: 37947642 PMCID: PMC10647680 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly regulated and highly adaptive lipid metabolic and transport pathways are critical to maintaining brain cellular lipid homeostasis and responding to lipid and inflammatory stress to preserve brain function and health. Deficits in the lipid handling genes APOE and GBA1 are the most significant genetic risk factors for Lewy body dementia and related dementia syndromes. Parkinson's disease patients who carry both APOE4 and GBA1 variants have accelerated cognitive decline compared to single variant carriers. To investigate functional interactions between brain ApoE and GBA1, in vivo GBA1 inhibition was tested in WT versus ApoE-deficient mice. The experiments demonstrated glycolipid stress caused by GBA1 inhibition in WT mice induced ApoE expression in several brain regions associated with movement and dementia disorders. The absence of ApoE in ApoE-KO mice amplified complement C1q elevations, reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis after glycolipid stress. Mechanistically, GBA1 inhibition triggered increases in cell surface and intracellular lipid transporters ABCA1 and NPC1, respectively. Interestingly, the absence of NPC1 in mice also triggered elevations of brain ApoE levels. These new data show that brain ApoE, GBA1 and NPC1 functions are interconnected in vivo, and that the removal or reduction of ApoE would likely be detrimental to brain function. These results provide important insights into brain ApoE adaptive responses to increased lipid loads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Penelope J. Hallett
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Harvard Medical School, Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Harvard Medical School, Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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16
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Singla A, Boucher A, Wallom KL, Lebens M, Kohler JJ, Platt FM, Yrlid U. Cholera intoxication of human enteroids reveals interplay between decoy and functional glycoconjugate ligands. Glycobiology 2023; 33:801-816. [PMID: 37622990 PMCID: PMC10629719 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research on cholera toxin (CT) binding and intoxication has relied on human colonic cancer derived epithelial cells. While these transformed cell lines have been beneficial, they neither derive from small intestine where intoxication occurs, nor represent the diversity of small intestinal epithelial cells (SI-ECs) and variation in glycoconjugate expression among individuals. Here, we used human enteroids, derived from jejunal biopsies of multipledonors to study CT binding and intoxication of human non-transformed SI-ECs. We modulated surface expression of glycosphingolipids, glycoproteins and specific glycans to distinguish the role of each glycan/glycoconjugate. Cholera-toxin-subunit-B (CTB) mutants were generated to decipher the preference of each glycoconjugate to different binding sites and the correlation between CT binding and intoxication. Human enteroids contain trace amounts of GM1, but other glycosphingolipids may be contributing to CT intoxication. We discovered that inhibition of either fucosylation or O-glycosylation sensitize enteroids to CT-intoxication. This can either be a consequence of the removal of fucosylated "decoy-like-ligands" binding to CTB's non-canonical site and/or increase in the availability of Gal/GalNAc-terminating glycoconjugates binding to the canonical site. Furthermore, simultaneous inhibition of fucosylation and O-glycosylation increased the availability of additional Gal/GalNAc-terminating glycoconjugates but counteracted the sensitization in CT intoxication caused by inhibiting O-glycosylation because of reduction in fucose. This implies a dual role of fucose as a functional glycan and a decoy, the interplay of which influences CT binding and intoxication. Finally, while the results were similar for enteroids from different donors, they were not identical, pointing to a role for human genetic variation in determining sensitivity to CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Singla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1G, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1G, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Boucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1G, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerri-Lee Wallom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lebens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1G, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9185, United States
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1G, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Mizutani Y, Nawashiro K, Ohdake R, Tatebe H, Shima S, Ueda A, Yoshimoto J, Ito M, Tokuda T, Mutoh T, Watanabe H. Enzymatic properties and clinical associations of serum alpha-galactosidase A in Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1662-1672. [PMID: 37496179 PMCID: PMC10502655 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have revealed an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic properties of serum alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) and compared them with the clinical parameters of PD. METHODS The study participants consisted of 66 sporadic PD patients and 52 controls. We measured serum GLA activity and calculated the apparent Michaelis constant (Km ) and maximal velocity (Vmax ) by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. Serum GLA protein concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We examined the potential correlations between serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration and clinical features and the plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) level. RESULTS Compared to controls, PD patients showed significantly lower serum GLA activity (P < 0.0001) and apparent Vmax (P = 0.0131), but no change in the apparent Km value. Serum GLA protein concentration was lower in the PD group (P = 0.0168) and was positively associated with GLA activity. Serum GLA activity and GLA protein concentration in the PD group showed a negative correlation with age. Additionally, serum GLA activity was negatively correlated with the motor severity score and the level of plasma NfL, and was positively correlated with the score of frontal assessment battery. INTERPRETATION This study highlights that the lower serum GLA activity in PD is the result of a quantitative decrement of GLA protein in the serum and that it may serve as a biomarker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Mizutani
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | | | - Reiko Ohdake
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Functional Brain ImagingInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Junichiro Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Mizuki Ito
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain ImagingInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
- Fujita Health University Central Japan International Airport ClinicTokonameAichiJapan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of NeurologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeAichiJapan
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18
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Spanos F, Deleidi M. Glycolipids in Parkinson's disease: beyond neuronal function. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1558-1579. [PMID: 37219461 PMCID: PMC10476577 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolipid balance is key to normal body function, and its alteration can lead to a variety of diseases involving multiple organs and tissues. Glycolipid disturbances are also involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and aging. Increasing evidence suggests that glycolipids affect cellular functions beyond the brain, including the peripheral immune system, intestinal barrier, and immunity. Hence, the interplay between aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental exposures could initiate systemic and local glycolipid changes that lead to inflammatory reactions and neuronal dysfunction. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the link between glycolipid metabolism and immune function and how these metabolic changes can exacerbate immunological contributions to neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on PD. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control glycolipid pathways and their impact on both peripheral tissues and the brain will help unravel how glycolipids shape immune and nervous system communication and the development of novel drugs to prevent PD and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokion Spanos
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163Paris Cité UniversityFrance
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseMDUSA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenGermany
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19
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Flores-Leon M, Outeiro TF. More than meets the eye in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: from proteinopathy to lipidopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:369-385. [PMID: 37421475 PMCID: PMC10412683 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD and DLB are inclusions, known as Lewy bodies (LBs), enriched not only in α-synuclein (aSyn), but also in lipid species, organelles, membranes, and even nucleic acids. Furthermore, several genetic risk factors for PD are mutations in genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as GBA1, VSP35, or PINK1. Thus, it is not surprising that mechanisms that have been implicated in PD, such as inflammation, altered intracellular and vesicular trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in the protein degradation systems, may be also directly or indirectly connected through lipid homeostasis. In this review, we highlight and discuss the recent evidence that suggests lipid biology as important drivers of PD, and which require renovated attention by neuropathologists. Particularly, we address the implication of lipids in aSyn accumulation and in the spreading of aSyn pathology, in mitochondrial dysfunction, and in ER stress. Together, this suggests we should broaden the view of PD not only as a proteinopathy but also as a lipidopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Flores-Leon
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Couto B, Sousa M, Gonzalez-Latapi P, McArthur E, Lang A, Chen-Plotkin A, Marras C. Disease Progression and Sphingolipids and Neurofilament Light Chain in Early Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Can J Neurol Sci 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37641969 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease(PD) lacks a biomarker for disease progression. To analyze how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), glucosylceramide (GlcCer), sphingomyelin (SM), or serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) associate with progression of PD in a retrospective cohort, we used linear mixed-model regressions between baseline biomarkers and change in dopamine transporter brain-imaging (DaTscan©), Montreal cognitive assesment (MoCA), or global composite outcome (GCO) score. In 191 PD patients, biomarkers were not associated with DaTscan or MoCA change over 2.1 years. Higher baseline GlcCer/SM ratio and serum-NfL nonsignificantly associated with increase in GCO score. Results do not support a role for CSF-sphingolipid/serum-NfL to predict cognitive and DaTscan progression in early-PD. Potential prediction of global clinical change warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Couto
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Rossy Program for PSP Research and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Cognitive and Traslational Neuroscience (INCyT), at the INECO-CONICET-Favaloro University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Sousa
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anthony Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Rossy Program for PSP Research and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Rossy Program for PSP Research and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Klein M, Hermey G. Converging links between adult-onset neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and early life neurodegenerative neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1463-1471. [PMID: 36571343 PMCID: PMC10075119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetics and from analyzing cellular and animal models have converged to suggest links between neurodegenerative disorders of early and late life. Here, we summarize emerging links between the most common late life neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the most common early life neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic studies reported an overlap of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and mutations in genes known to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Accumulating data strongly suggest dysfunction of intracellular trafficking mechanisms and the autophagy-endolysosome system in both types of neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests shared cytopathological processes underlying these different types of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the common mechanisms underlying the different diseases is important as this might lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic concepts, the transfer of therapeutic strategies from one disease to the other and therapeutic approaches tailored to patients with specific mutations. Here, we review dysfunctions of the endolysosomal autophagy pathway in Alzheimer's disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and summarize emerging etiologic and genetic overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Chatterjee D, Krainc D. Mechanisms of Glucocerebrosidase Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168023. [PMID: 36828270 PMCID: PMC10247409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal hydrolase, encoded by GBA1 that represents the most common risk gene associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy Body Dementia. Glucocerebrosidase dysfunction has been also observed in the absence of GBA1 mutations across different genetic and sporadic forms of PD and related disorders, suggesting a broader role of glucocerebrosidase in neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mechanistic characterization of glucocerebrosidase function as the foundation for development of novel therapeutics targeting glucocerebrosidase in PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptaman Chatterjee
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. https://twitter.com/NeilChatterBox
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Mubariz F, Saadin A, Lingenfelter N, Sarkar C, Banerjee A, Lipinski MM, Awad O. Deregulation of mTORC1-TFEB axis in human iPSC model of GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1152503. [PMID: 37332877 PMCID: PMC10272450 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene are the single most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurodegenerative changes in GBA1-associated PD have been linked to the defective lysosomal clearance of autophagic substrates and aggregate-prone proteins. To elucidate novel mechanisms contributing to proteinopathy in PD, we investigated the effect of GBA1 mutations on the transcription factor EB (TFEB), the master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Using PD patients' induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we examined TFEB activity and regulation of the ALP in dopaminergic neuronal cultures generated from iPSC lines harboring heterozygous GBA1 mutations and the CRISPR/Cas9-corrected isogenic controls. Our data showed a significant decrease in TFEB transcriptional activity and attenuated expression of many genes in the CLEAR network in GBA1 mutant neurons, but not in the isogenic gene-corrected cells. In PD neurons, we also detected increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1), the main upstream negative regulator of TFEB. Increased mTORC1 activity resulted in excess TFEB phosphorylation and decreased nuclear translocation. Pharmacological mTOR inhibition restored TFEB activity, decreased ER stress and reduced α-synuclein accumulation, indicating improvement of neuronal protiostasis. Moreover, treatment with the lipid substrate reducing compound Genz-123346, decreased mTORC1 activity and increased TFEB expression in the mutant neurons, suggesting that mTORC1-TFEB alterations are linked to the lipid substrate accumulation. Our study unveils a new mechanism contributing to PD susceptibility by GBA1 mutations in which deregulation of the mTORC1-TFEB axis mediates ALP dysfunction and subsequent proteinopathy. It also indicates that pharmacological restoration of TFEB activity could be a promising therapeutic approach in GBA1-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Mubariz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Afsoon Saadin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas Lingenfelter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marta M. Lipinski
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ola Awad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Guo Z. Ganglioside GM1 and the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119558. [PMID: 37298512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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25
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Schneider JS. GM1 Ganglioside as a Disease-Modifying Therapeutic for Parkinson's Disease: A Multi-Functional Glycosphingolipid That Targets Multiple Parkinson's Disease-Relevant Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9183. [PMID: 37298133 PMCID: PMC10252733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of patients worldwide. Many therapeutics are available for treating PD symptoms but there is no disease-modifying therapeutic that has been unequivocally shown to slow or stop the progression of the disease. There are several factors contributing to the failure of many putative disease-modifying agents in clinical trials and these include the choice of patients and clinical trial designs for disease modification trials. Perhaps more important, however, is the choice of therapeutic, which for the most part, has not taken into account the multiple and complex pathogenic mechanisms and processes involved in PD. This paper discusses some of the factors contributing to the lack of success in PD disease-modification trials, which have mostly investigated therapeutics with a singular mechanism of action directed at one of the many PD pathogenic processes, and suggests that an alternative strategy for success may be to employ multi-functional therapeutics that target multiple PD-relevant pathogenic mechanisms. Evidence is presented that the multi-functional glycosphingolipid GM1 ganglioside may be just such a therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Schneider
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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26
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Leyns CEG, Prigent A, Beezhold B, Yao L, Hatcher NG, Tao P, Kang J, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Kennedy ME, Fell MJ, Henderson MX. Glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid levels are related to protein pathologies in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:74. [PMID: 37169750 PMCID: PMC10175254 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in the form of Lewy pathology. While most cases are sporadic, there are rare genetic mutations that cause disease and more common variants that increase incidence of disease. The most prominent genetic mutations for PD and DLB are in the GBA1 and LRRK2 genes. GBA1 mutations are associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity and lysosomal accumulation of its lipid substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Previous studies have shown a link between this enzyme and lipids even in sporadic PD. However, it is unclear how the protein pathologies of disease are related to enzyme activity and glycosphingolipid levels. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined quantitative protein pathology, glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid substrates in parallel from 4 regions of 91 brains with no neurological disease, idiopathic, GBA1-linked, or LRRK2-linked PD and DLB. We find that several biomarkers are altered with respect to mutation and progression to dementia. We found mild association of glucocerebrosidase activity with disease, but a strong association of glucosylsphingosine with α-synuclein pathology, irrespective of genetic mutation. This association suggests that Lewy pathology precipitates changes in lipid levels related to progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E G Leyns
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alice Prigent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Brenna Beezhold
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lihang Yao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Nathan G Hatcher
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Peining Tao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Kang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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27
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Muraleedharan A, Vanderperre B. The endo-lysosomal system in Parkinson's disease: expanding the horizon. J Mol Biol 2023:168140. [PMID: 37148997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence is increasing with age. A wealth of genetic evidence indicates that the endo-lysosomal system is a major pathway driving PD pathogenesis with a growing number of genes encoding endo-lysosomal proteins identified as risk factors for PD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, detailed knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking these genes to the disease are available for only a handful of them (e.g. LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35). Taking on the challenge of studying poorly characterized genes and proteins can be daunting, due to the limited availability of tools and knowledge from previous literature. This review aims at providing a valuable source of molecular and cellular insights into the biology of lesser-studied PD-linked endo-lysosomal genes, to help and encourage researchers in filling the knowledge gap around these less popular genetic players. Specific endo-lysosomal pathways discussed range from endocytosis, sorting, and vesicular trafficking to the regulation of membrane lipids of these membrane-bound organelles and the specific enzymatic activities they contain. We also provide perspectives on future challenges that the community needs to tackle and propose approaches to move forward in our understanding of these poorly studied endo-lysosomal genes. This will help harness their potential in designing innovative and efficient treatments to ultimately re-establish neuronal homeostasis in PD but also other diseases involving endo-lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Muraleedharan
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
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28
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Menozzi E, Toffoli M, Schapira AHV. Targeting the GBA1 pathway to slow Parkinson disease: Insights into clinical aspects, pathogenic mechanisms and new therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108419. [PMID: 37080432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The GBA1 gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Biallelic variants in GBA1 cause Gaucher disease (GD), a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by loss of GCase activity and aberrant intracellular accumulation of GCase substrates. Carriers of GBA1 variants have an increased risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD), with odds ratio ranging from 2.2 to 30 according to variant severity. GBA1 variants which do not cause GD in homozygosis can also increase PD risk. Patients with PD carrying GBA1 variants show a more rapidly progressive phenotype compared to non-carriers, emphasising the need for disease modifying treatments targeting the GBA1 pathway. Several mechanisms secondary to GCase dysfunction are potentially responsible for the pathological changes leading to PD. Misfolded GCase proteins induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent unfolded protein response and impair the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. This results in α-synuclein accumulation and spread, and promotes neurodegenerative changes. Preclinical evidence also shows that products of GCase activity can promote accumulation of α-synuclein, however there is no convincing evidence of substrate accumulation in GBA1-PD brains. Altered lipid homeostasis secondary to loss of GCase activity could also contribute to PD pathology. Treatments that target the GBA1 pathway could reverse these pathological processes and halt/slow the progression of PD. These range from augmentation of GCase activity via GBA1 gene therapy, restoration of normal intracellular GCase trafficking via molecular chaperones, and substrate reduction therapy. This review discusses the pathways associated with GBA1-PD and related novel GBA1-targeted interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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29
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Gehrlein A, Udayar V, Anastasi N, Morella ML, Ruf I, Brugger D, von der Mark S, Thoma R, Rufer A, Heer D, Pfahler N, Jochner A, Niewoehner J, Wolf L, Fueth M, Ebeling M, Villaseñor R, Zhu Y, Deen MC, Shan X, Ehsaei Z, Taylor V, Sidransky E, Vocadlo DJ, Freskgård PO, Jagasia R. Targeting neuronal lysosomal dysfunction caused by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency with an enzyme-based brain shuttle construct. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2057. [PMID: 37045813 PMCID: PMC10097658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in glucocerebrosidase cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease and are the most common risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Therapies to restore the enzyme's function in the brain hold great promise for treating the neurological implications. Thus, we developed blood-brain barrier penetrant therapeutic molecules by fusing transferrin receptor-binding moieties to β-glucocerebrosidase (referred to as GCase-BS). We demonstrate that these fusion proteins show significantly increased uptake and lysosomal efficiency compared to the enzyme alone. In a cellular disease model, GCase-BS rapidly rescues the lysosomal proteome and lipid accumulations beyond known substrates. In a mouse disease model, intravenous injection of GCase-BS leads to a sustained reduction of glucosylsphingosine and can lower neurofilament-light chain plasma levels. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of GCase-BS for treating GBA1-associated lysosomal dysfunction, provide insight into candidate biomarkers, and may ultimately open a promising treatment paradigm for lysosomal storage diseases extending beyond the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gehrlein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vinod Udayar
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Anastasi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martino L Morella
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center | VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Ruf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Brugger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia von der Mark
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Thoma
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Rufer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Pfahler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Lead Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry & Structural Biology Biochemistry (IFIB), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anton Jochner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jens Niewoehner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Luise Wolf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Data & Analytics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fueth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew C Deen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zahra Ehsaei
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Per-Ola Freskgård
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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den Heijer JM, Cullen VC, Pereira DR, Yavuz Y, de Kam ML, Grievink HW, Moerland M, Leymarie N, Khatri K, Sollomoni I, Spitalny L, Dungeon L, Hilt DC, Justman C, Lansbury P, Groeneveld GJ. A Biomarker Study in Patients with GBA1-Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Controls. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 36916660 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecules related to glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are potential biomarkers for development of compounds targeting GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease (GBA-PD). OBJECTIVES Assessing variability of various glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across GBA-PD, idiopathic PD (iPD), and healthy volunteers (HVs). METHODS Data from five studies were combined. Variability was assessed of glucosylceramide (various isoforms), lactosylceramide (various isoforms), glucosylsphingosine, galactosylsphingosine, GCase activity (using fluorescent 4-methylumbeliferryl-β-glucoside), and GCase protein (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in plasma, PBMCs, and CSF if available, in GBA-PD, iPD, and HVs. GSLs in leukocyte subtypes were compared in HVs. Principal component analysis was used to explore global patterns in GSLs, clinical characteristics (Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 3 [MDS-UPDRS-3], Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], GBA1 mutation type), and participant status (GBA-PD, iPD, HVs). RESULTS Within-subject between-day variability ranged from 5.8% to 44.5% and was generally lower in plasma than in PBMCs. Extracellular glucosylceramide levels (plasma) were slightly higher in GBA-PD compared with both iPD and HVs, while intracellular levels were comparable. GSLs in the different matrices (plasma, PBMCs, CSF) did not correlate. Both lactosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine were more abundant in granulocytes compared with monocytes and lymphocytes. Absolute levels of GSL isoforms differed greatly. GBA1 mutation types could not be differentiated based on GSL data. CONCLUSIONS Glucosylceramide can stably be measured over days in both plasma and PBMCs and may be used as a biomarker in clinical trials targeting GBA-PD. Glucosylsphingosine and lactosylceramide are stable in plasma but are strongly affected by leukocyte subtypes in PBMCs. GBA-PD could be differentiated from iPD and HVs, primarily based on glucosylceramide levels in plasma. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas M den Heijer
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yalcin Yavuz
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy Leymarie
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dana C Hilt
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig Justman
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Lansbury
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Lee RMQ, Koh TW. Genetic modifiers of synucleinopathies-lessons from experimental models. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad001. [PMID: 38596238 PMCID: PMC10913850 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a pleiotropic protein underlying a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Together, these are known as synucleinopathies. Like all neurological diseases, understanding of disease mechanisms is hampered by the lack of access to biopsy tissues, precluding a real-time view of disease progression in the human body. This has driven researchers to devise various experimental models ranging from yeast to flies to human brain organoids, aiming to recapitulate aspects of synucleinopathies. Studies of these models have uncovered numerous genetic modifiers of α-synuclein, most of which are evolutionarily conserved. This review discusses what we have learned about disease mechanisms from these modifiers, and ways in which the study of modifiers have supported ongoing efforts to engineer disease-modifying interventions for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Min Qi Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Tong-Wey Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
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32
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Senkevich K, Rudakou U, Gan-Or Z. Genetic mechanism vs genetic subtypes: The example of GBA. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:155-170. [PMID: 36803808 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in GBA, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are common risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Genotype-phenotype studies have demonstrated that different types of GBA variants have differential effects on the phenotype. Variants could be classified as mild or severe depending on the type of Gaucher disease they cause in the biallelic state. It was shown that severe GBA variants, as compared to mild variants, are associated with higher risk of PD, earlier age at onset, and faster progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The observed difference in phenotype might be caused by a diversity of cellular mechanisms related to the particular variants. The lysosomal function of GCase is thought to play a significant role in the development of GBA-associated PD, and other mechanisms such as endoplasmic reticulum retention, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation have also been suggested. Moreover, genetic modifiers such as LRRK2, TMEM175, SNCA, and CTSB can either affect GCase activity or modulate risk and age at onset of GBA-associated PD. To achieve ideal outcomes with precision medicine, therapies will have to be tailored to individuals with specific variants, potentially in combination with known modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Smith LJ, Bolsinger MM, Chau KY, Gegg ME, Schapira AHV. The GBA variant E326K is associated with alpha-synuclein aggregation and lipid droplet accumulation in human cell lines. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:773-789. [PMID: 36130205 PMCID: PMC9941838 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants or mutations in the GBA gene are numerically the most important risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase). GBA mutations often reduce GCase activity and lead to the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which is important in the turnover of alpha-synuclein, accumulation of which is a key pathological hallmark of PD. Although the E326K variant is one of the most common GBA variants associated with PD, there is limited understanding of its biochemical effects. We have characterized homozygous and heterozygous E326K variants in human fibroblasts. We found that E326K variants did not cause a significant loss of GCase protein or activity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention or ER stress, in contrast to the L444P GBA mutation. This was confirmed in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines overexpressing GCase with either E326K or L444P protein. Despite no loss of the GCase activity, a significant increase in insoluble alpha-synuclein aggregates in E326K and L444P mutants was observed. Notably, SH-SY5Y overexpressing E326K demonstrated a significant increase in the lipid droplet number under basal conditions, which was exacerbated following treatment with the fatty acid oleic acid. Similarly, a significant increase in lipid droplet formation following lipid loading was observed in heterozygous and homozygous E326K fibroblasts. In conclusion, the work presented here demonstrates that the E326K mutation behaves differently to the common loss of function GBA mutations; however, lipid dyshomeostasis and alpha-synuclein pathology are still evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Smith
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Magdalena M Bolsinger
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Division of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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34
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Vasques J, de Jesus Gonçalves R, da Silva-Junior A, Martins R, Gubert F, Mendez-Otero R. Gangliosides in nervous system development, regeneration, and pathologies. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799513 PMCID: PMC9241395 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Gangliosides in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:391-418. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Mächtel R, Boros FA, Dobert JP, Arnold P, Zunke F. From Lysosomal Storage Disorders to Parkinson's Disease - Challenges and Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2022:167932. [PMID: 36572237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are specialized organelles with an acidic pH that act as recycling hubs for intracellular and extracellular components. They harbour numerous different hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substrates like proteins, peptides, and glycolipids. Reduced catalytic activity of lysosomal enzymes can cause the accumulation of these substrates and loss of lysosomal integrity, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Post-mitotic cells, such as neurons, seem to be highly sensitive to damages induced by lysosomal dysfunction, thus LSDs often manifest with neurological symptoms. Interestingly, some LSDs and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common cellular pathomechanisms, suggesting convergence of aetiology of the two disease types. This is further underlined by genetic associations of several lysosomal genes involved in LSDs with PD. The increasing number of lysosome-associated genetic risk factors for PD makes it necessary to understand functions and interactions of lysosomal proteins/enzymes both in health and disease, thereby holding the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight genetic and mechanistic interactions between the complex lysosomal network, LSDs and PD, and elaborate on methodical challenges in lysosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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37
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Zedde M, Pascarella R, Cavallieri F, Pezzella FR, Grisanti S, Di Fonzo A, Valzania F. Anderson-Fabry Disease: A New Piece of the Lysosomal Puzzle in Parkinson Disease? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123132. [PMID: 36551888 PMCID: PMC9776280 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a composite and multisystemic clinical phenotype and frequent involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Research in this area has largely focused on the cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease, and very little has been described about further neurological manifestations, which are known in other lysosomal diseases, such as Gaucher disease. In particular, a clinical and neuroimaging phenotype suggesting neurodegeneration as a putative mechanism has never been fully described for AFD, but the increased survival of affected patients with early diagnosis and the possibility of treatment have given rise to some isolated reports in the literature on the association of AFD with a clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease (PD). The data are currently scarce, but it is possible to hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of cell damage that support this association; this topic is worthy of further study in particular in relation to the therapeutic possibilities, which have significantly modified the natural history of the disease but which are not specifically dedicated to the CNS. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association will be proposed, and the available data with implications for future research and treatment will be rewritten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Pezzella
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, AO San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Grisanti
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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38
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Chen C, Hertz E, Chen Y, Sidransky E. Targeting protein clearance pathways in GBA1-associated Parkinson disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1031-1035. [PMID: 36628605 PMCID: PMC9909737 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2166828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chase Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ellen Hertz
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yu Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Ruz C, Barrero FJ, Pelegrina J, Bandrés-Ciga S, Vives F, Duran R. Saposin C, Key Regulator in the Alpha-Synuclein Degradation Mediated by Lysosome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912004. [PMID: 36233303 PMCID: PMC9569857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction has been proposed as one of the most important pathogenic molecular mechanisms in Parkinson disease (PD). The most significant evidence lies in the GBA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCase), considered the main genetic risk factor for sporadic PD. The loss of β-GCase activity results in the formation of α-synuclein deposits. The present study was aimed to determine the activity of the main lysosomal enzymes and the cofactors Prosaposin (PSAP) and Saposin C in PD and healthy controls, and their contribution to α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation. 42 PD patients and 37 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. We first analyzed the β-GCase, β-galactosidase (β-gal), β-hexosaminidase (Hex B) and Cathepsin D (CatD) activities in white blood cells. We also measured the GBA, β-GAL, β-HEX, CTSD, PSAP, Saposin C and α-Syn protein levels by Western-blot. We found a 20% reduced β-GCase and β-gal activities in PD patients compared to controls. PSAP and Saposin C protein levels were significantly lower in PD patients and correlated with increased levels of α-synuclein. CatD, in contrast, showed significantly increased activity and protein levels in PD patients compared to controls. Increased CTSD protein levels in PD patients correlated, intriguingly, with a higher concentration of α-Syn. Our findings suggest that lysosomal dysfunction in sporadic PD is due, at least in part, to an alteration in Saposin C derived from reduced PSAP levels. That would lead to a significant decrease in the β-GCase activity, resulting in the accumulation of α-syn. The accumulation of monohexosylceramides might act in favor of CTSD activation and, therefore, increase its enzymatic activity. The evaluation of lysosomal activity in the peripheral blood of patients is expected to be a promising approach to investigate pathological mechanisms and novel therapies aimed to restore the lysosomal function in sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ruz
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neurosciences “Federico Olóriz”, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barrero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, University Hospital Clinic San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Pelegrina
- Movement Disorders Unit, University Hospital Clinic San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Bandrés-Ciga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20898, USA
| | - Francisco Vives
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neurosciences “Federico Olóriz”, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Duran
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neurosciences “Federico Olóriz”, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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40
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Lysosomal lipid alterations caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency promote lysosomal dysfunction, chaperone-mediated-autophagy deficiency, and alpha-synuclein pathology. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:126. [PMID: 36202848 PMCID: PMC9537323 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are a major genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we generated a set of differentiated and stable human dopaminergic cell lines that express the two most prevalent GBA mutations as well as GBA knockout cell lines as a in vitro disease modeling system to study the relationship between mutant GBA and the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein. We performed a deep analysis of the consequences triggered by the presence of mutant GBA protein and the loss of GCase activity in different cellular compartments, focusing primarily on the lysosomal compartment, and analyzed in detail the lysosomal activity, composition, and integrity. The loss of GCase activity generates extensive lysosomal dysfunction, promoting the loss of activity of other lysosomal enzymes, affecting lysosomal membrane stability, promoting intralysosomal pH changes, and favoring the intralysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and cholesterol. These local events, occurring only at a subcellular level, lead to an impairment of autophagy pathways, particularly chaperone-mediated autophagy, the main α-synuclein degradative pathway. The findings of this study highlighted the role of lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in PD and allowed us to describe a molecular mechanism to understand how mutations in GBA can contribute to an abnormal accumulation of different α-synuclein neurotoxic species in PD pathology.
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Blumenreich S, Nehushtan T, Barav OB, Saville JT, Dingjan T, Hardy J, Fuller M, Futerman AH. Elevation of gangliosides in four brain regions from Parkinson's disease patients with a GBA mutation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:99. [PMID: 35933559 PMCID: PMC9357011 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic risk factors have been identified over the past decade for Parkinson's Disease (PD), with variants in GBA prominent among them. GBA encodes the lysosomal enzyme that degrades the glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), with the activity of this enzyme defective in Gaucher disease. Based on the ill-defined relationship between glycosphingolipid metabolism and PD, we now analyze levels of various lipids by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in four brain regions from age- and sex-matched patient samples, including idiopathic PD, PD patients with a GBA mutation and compare both to control brains (n = 21 for each group) obtained from individuals who died from a cause unrelated to PD. Of all the glycerolipids, sterols, and (glyco)sphingolipids (251 lipids in total), the only lipid class which showed significant differences were the gangliosides (sialic acid-containing complex glycosphingolipids), which were elevated in 3 of the 4 PD-GBA brain regions. There was no clear correlation between levels of individual gangliosides and the genetic variant in Gaucher disease [9 samples of severe (neuronopathic), 4 samples of mild (non-neuronopathic) GBA variants, and 8 samples with low pathogenicity variants which have a higher risk for development of PD]. Most brain regions, i.e. occipital cortex, cingulate gyrus, and striatum, did not show a statistically significant elevation of GlcCer in PD-GBA. Only one region, the middle temporal gyrus, showed a small, but significant elevation in GlcCer concentration in PD-GBA. We conclude that changes in ganglioside, but not in GlcCer levels, may contribute to the association between PD and GBA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Blumenreich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Nehushtan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Or B Barav
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jennifer T Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
- The Joseph Meyerhof Professor of Biochemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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42
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Te Vruchte D, Sturchio A, Priestman DA, Tsitsi P, Hertz E, Andréasson M, Markaki I, Wallom KL, Platt F, Svenningsson P. Glycosphingolipid Changes in Plasma in Parkinson's Disease Independent of Glucosylceramide Levels. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2129-2134. [PMID: 35876461 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration in glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) still needs to be determined. OBJECTIVES We evaluated if PD subjects show abnormal GSLs levels compared to healthy controls (HC) and if GSLs correlate with clinical features. METHODS We analyzed GSLs and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in plasma using two normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assays; clinico-demographic data were extracted. RESULTS Eighty PD subjects and 25 HCs were analyzed. Levels of GlcCer, GD1b, Gb4, GalNAcGA1, and b-series were higher in PD patients than in HCs; total GSLs, GT1b, GM1a, GM3, GM2, and a-series levels were lower in PD patients than in HCs. Changes in GSLs were present in PD subjects, with GlcCer levels similar to those in HCs. The results were similar after excluding certain GBA1 mutation carriers. Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III, correlated with Gb4 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment with GD1b levels. CONCLUSIONS Multiple GSL abnormalities in plasma were detected in patients with and without GlcCer changes, indicating a broader shift in lipid homeostasis. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiota Tsitsi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Hertz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Andréasson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Markaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerri-Lee Wallom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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43
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Lang M, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I. Crosstalk of organelles in Parkinson's disease - MiT family transcription factors as central players in signaling pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35842725 PMCID: PMC9288732 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms constantly need to adapt to their surrounding environment and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to deal with stress. Mitochondria and lysosomes are central organelles in the response to energy and nutrient availability within a cell and act through interconnected mechanisms. However, when such processes become overwhelmed, it can lead to pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by proteinaceous intracellular inclusions and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, which causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease etiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been recognized as a hallmark of PD pathogenesis, and several aspects of mitochondrial biology are impaired in PD patients and models. In addition, defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway have extensively been observed in cell and animal models as well as PD patients' brains, where constitutive autophagy is indispensable for adaptation to stress and energy deficiency. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the functions of mitochondria and lysosomal compartments are tightly linked and influence each other. Connections between these organelles are constituted among others by mitophagy, organellar dynamics and cellular signaling cascades, such as calcium (Ca2+) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of transcription factors. Members of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT), including MITF, TFE3 and TFEB, play a central role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic pressure and are considered master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. As such, they are part of the interconnection between mitochondria and lysosome functions and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic approaches against NDD, including PD. The activation of MiT transcription factors through genetic and pharmacological approaches have shown encouraging results at ameliorating PD-related phenotypes in in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relationship between mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal functions in the context of PD etiology and focus on the role of the MiT pathway and its potential as pharmacological target against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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Höglinger G, Schulte C, Jost WH, Storch A, Woitalla D, Krüger R, Falkenburger B, Brockmann K. GBA-associated PD: chances and obstacles for targeted treatment strategies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1219-1233. [PMID: 35639160 PMCID: PMC9463270 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the clear role of GBA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its impact on phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of GBA-associated PD with a special focus on clinical trajectories and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Importantly, differences and characteristics based on mutation severity are recognized, and current as well as potential future treatment options are discussed. These findings will inform future strategies for patient stratification and cohort enrichment as well as suitable outcome measures when designing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel, Contilia Gruppe, Essen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany.
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45
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Neuropathological Features of Gaucher Disease and Gaucher Disease with Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105842. [PMID: 35628652 PMCID: PMC9147326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficient acid β-glucocerebrosidase activity due to biallelic mutations in GBA1 results in Gaucher disease (GD). Patients with this lysosomal storage disorder exhibit a wide range of associated manifestations, spanning from virtually asymptomatic adults to infants with severe neurodegeneration. While type 1 GD (GD1) is considered non-neuronopathic, a small subset of patients develop parkinsonian features. Variants in GBA1 are also an important risk factor for several common Lewy body disorders (LBDs). Neuropathological examinations of patients with GD, including those who developed LBDs, are rare. GD primarily affects macrophages, and perivascular infiltration of Gaucher macrophages is the most common neuropathologic finding. However, the frequency of these clusters and the affected anatomical region varies. GD affects astrocytes, and, in neuronopathic GD, neurons in cerebral cortical layers 3 and 5, layer 4b of the calcarine cortex, and hippocampal regions CA2-4. In addition, several reports describe selective degeneration of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in chronic neuronopathic GD. GD1 is characterized by astrogliosis without prominent neuronal loss. In GD-LBD, widespread Lewy body pathology is seen, often involving hippocampal regions CA2-4. Additional neuropathological examinations in GD are sorely needed to clarify disease-specific patterns and elucidate causative mechanisms relevant to GD, and potentially to more common neurodegenerative diseases.
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46
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Glucocerebrosidase-associated Parkinson disease: Pathogenic mechanisms and potential drug treatments. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Esfandiary A, Finkelstein DI, Voelcker NH, Rudd D. Clinical Sphingolipids Pathway in Parkinson’s Disease: From GCase to Integrated-Biomarker Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081353. [PMID: 35456032 PMCID: PMC9028315 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the sphingolipid metabolism of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) could be a potential diagnostic feature. Only around 10–15% of PD cases can be diagnosed through genetic alterations, while the remaining population, idiopathic PD (iPD), manifest without validated and specific biomarkers either before or after motor symptoms appear. Therefore, clinical diagnosis is reliant on the skills of the clinician, which can lead to misdiagnosis. IPD cases present with a spectrum of non-specific symptoms (e.g., constipation and loss of the sense of smell) that can occur up to 20 years before motor function loss (prodromal stage) and formal clinical diagnosis. Prodromal alterations in metabolites and proteins from the pathways underlying these symptoms could act as biomarkers if they could be differentiated from the broad values seen in a healthy age-matched control population. Additionally, these shifts in metabolites could be integrated with other emerging biomarkers/diagnostic tests to give a PD-specific signature. Here we provide an up-to-date review of the diagnostic value of the alterations in sphingolipids pathway in PD by focusing on the changes in definitive PD (postmortem confirmed brain data) and their representation in “probable PD” cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. We conclude that the trend of holistic changes in the sphingolipid pathway in the PD brain seems partly consistent in CSF and blood, and could be one of the most promising pathways in differentiating PD cases from healthy controls, with the potential to improve early-stage iPD diagnosis and distinguish iPD from other Parkinsonism when combined with other pathological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (A.E.); (N.H.V.)
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (A.E.); (N.H.V.)
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - David Rudd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (A.E.); (N.H.V.)
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9903-9581
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Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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49
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GBA Variants and Parkinson Disease: Mechanisms and Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081261. [PMID: 35455941 PMCID: PMC9029385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which maintains glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Approximately 5–15% of PD patients have mutations in the GBA gene, making it numerically the most important genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Clinically, GBA-associated PD is identical to sporadic PD, aside from the earlier age at onset (AAO), more frequent cognitive impairment and more rapid progression. Mutations in GBA can be associated with loss- and gain-of-function mechanisms. A key hallmark of PD is the presence of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions named Lewy bodies, which are made up primarily of alpha-synuclein. Mutations in the GBA gene may lead to loss of GCase activity and lysosomal dysfunction, which may impair alpha-synuclein metabolism. Models of GCase deficiency demonstrate dysfunction of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway and subsequent accumulation of alpha-synuclein. This dysfunction can also lead to aberrant lipid metabolism, including the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Certain mutations cause GCase to be misfolded and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating stress responses including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which may contribute to neurodegeneration. In addition to these mechanisms, a GCase deficiency has also been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. This review discusses the pathways associated with GBA-PD and highlights potential treatments which may act to target GCase and prevent neurodegeneration.
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50
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Galvagnion C, Marlet FR, Cerri S, Schapira AHV, Blandini F, Di Monte DA. Sphingolipid changes in Parkinson L444P GBA mutation fibroblasts promote α-synuclein aggregation. Brain 2022; 145:1038-1051. [PMID: 35362022 PMCID: PMC9050548 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, mechanisms capable of promoting α-synuclein deposition bear important pathogenetic implications. Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) gene represent a prevalent Parkinson’s disease risk factor. They are associated with loss of activity of a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, glucocerebrosidase, supporting a mechanistic relationship between abnormal α-synuclein–lipid interactions and the development of Parkinson pathology. In this study, the lipid membrane composition of fibroblasts isolated from control subjects, patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson's disease patients carrying the L444P GBA mutation (PD-GBA) was assayed using shotgun lipidomics. The lipid profile of PD-GBA fibroblasts differed significantly from that of control and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease cells. It was characterized by an overall increase in sphingolipid levels. It also featured a significant increase in the proportion of ceramide, sphingomyelin and hexosylceramide molecules with shorter chain length and a decrease in the percentage of longer-chain sphingolipids. The extent of this shift was correlated to the degree of reduction of fibroblast glucocerebrosidase activity. Lipid extracts from control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were added to recombinant α-synuclein solutions. The kinetics of α-synuclein aggregation were significantly accelerated after addition of PD-GBA extracts as compared to control samples. Amyloid fibrils collected at the end of these incubations contained lipids, indicating α-synuclein–lipid co-assembly. Lipids extracted from α-synuclein fibrils were also analysed by shotgun lipidomics. Data revealed that the lipid content of these fibrils was significantly enriched by shorter-chain sphingolipids. In a final set of experiments, control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were incubated in the presence of the small molecule chaperone ambroxol. This treatment restored glucocerebrosidase activity and sphingolipid levels and composition of PD-GBA cells. It also reversed the pro-aggregation effect that lipid extracts from PD-GBA fibroblasts had on α-synuclein. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the L444P GBA mutation and consequent enzymatic loss are associated with a distinctly altered membrane lipid profile that provides a biological fingerprint of this mutation in Parkinson fibroblasts. This altered lipid profile could also be an indicator of increased risk for α-synuclein aggregate pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Galvagnion
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Donato A Di Monte
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
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