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Lu J, Gu X, Xue C, Shi Q, Jia J, Cheng J, Zeng Y, Chu Q, Yuan X, Bao Z, Li L. Glycyrrhizic acid alleviates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by regulating monocyte-derived macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155586. [PMID: 39159503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by persistent liver inflammation induced by aberrant immune responses. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a prominent bioactive ingredient of licorice, has shown potential as a safe and effective treatment for AIH. However, the immune regulatory mechanism by which GA exerts its therapeutic effect on AIH remains elusive. In this study, we found that GA intervention significantly alleviated ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis revealed that GA increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiMHCIIhi MoMF-1 and decreased the abundance of pro-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiiNOShi MoMF-3. Multiplex immunofluorescence demonstrated the infiltration of MoMFs in liver tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis indicated that GA facilitated the immune activation in MoMFs, regulated gene expression of diverse cytokines secreted by MoMFs, and played a role in shaping the immune microenvironment. By integrating the results of CyTOF with scRNA-seq, our study comprehensively elucidates the immune landscape of ConA-induced liver injury following GA intervention, advancing the understanding of GA's mechanism of action. However, it is important to note that some single-cell data in this study remain raw and require further processing and annotation. Our findings suggest that GA alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury by regulating the function of MoMFs, opening potential avenues for AIH treatment and management, and providing a theoretical basis for the design of novel MoMFs-centered immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo Y, Li Q, Ye Q, Jin Y, Yu Y, Zhang X, Xi L, Wang Y, Wu D, Pan Y, Wei S, Li Q, Wang H, Li J. Construction and drug screening of Co-culture system using extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma organoids and tumor-associated macrophages. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36377. [PMID: 39263166 PMCID: PMC11388766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been proposed as a novel in vitro tumor model that can be applied to tumor research and drug screening. However, current tumor organoid models lack components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).We collected peripheral blood and tumor samples from 6 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(eCCA). Monocytes were induced into TAMs by cytokine and conditioned medium, and then co-cultured with tumor organoids. Our comprehensive analysis and comparison of histopathology and genomics results confirmed that this co-culture model can better capture intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity retain the specific mutations of the original tumor. Drug sensitivity data in vitro revealed that gemcitabine and cisplatin are effective drugs for cholangiocarcinoma, but TAMs in the tumor microenvironment promote organoids growth and chemotherapy resistance. In conclusion, our organoid model of cholangiocarcinoma co-cultured with TAMs can not only shorten the model construction cycle, but also preserve the heterogeneity of original tumors to improve the accuracy of drug screening, and can also be applied to the researches of TAMs and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinghuang Ye
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuanquan Yu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Longfu Xi
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yihang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanzhi Pan
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shumei Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Micro-Satellite Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Liang Y, Xie Y, Liu X, Yu L, Yan H, Shang Z, Wu Y, Cai X, Shi W, Du J, Yang Z. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Decipher the Mechanism of Action of Astragalus- Atractylodes Herb Pair in Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2169-2187. [PMID: 38882048 PMCID: PMC11179675 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s459593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy is an important means to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Astragalus (Latin name: Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim; Chinese name: Huangqi, HQ) and Atractylodes (Latin name: Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz; Chinese name: Baizhu, BZ) (HQBZ), a classic herb pair, is often used in combination to HCC. However, the main components and potential mechanisms of HQBZ therapy in HCC remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of action of HQBZ in HCC treatment. Methods The HQBZ-Compound-Target-HCC network and HQBZ-HCC transcriptional regulatory network were constructed to screen the core active compound components and targets of HQBZ therapy for HCC. Molecular docking techniques are used to verify the stability of binding core active compound components to targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to explore the signaling pathway of HQBZ in HCC treatment, the mechanism of HQBZ treatment of HCC was verified based on in vivo H22 tumor bearing mice and in vitro cell experiments. Results Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies showed that HQBZ treatment of HCC was related to the targeted regulation of IL-6 and STAT3 by the active compound biatractylolide, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggest that HQBZ may play a role in the treatment of HCC through IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. In vitro experiment results proved that HQBZ could regulate IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway transduction on CD8+T cells, inhibit CD8+T cell exhaustion and restore the function of exhausted CD8+T cells. In vivo experiment results proved that HQBZ can regulate IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway transduction in H22 liver cancer model mouse tumor tissue, increased the proportion of tumor infiltrating CD8+T cells. Conclusion This study found that HQBZ may play a therapeutic role in HCC by targeting IL-6 and STAT3 through biatractylolide, its mechanism of action is related to regulating IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, reversing T cell failure and increasing tumor infiltration CD8+T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Animals
- Humans
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Network Pharmacology
- Mice
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Atractylodes/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Astragalus Plant/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Liang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Yan
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Shang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
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Wei G, Zhao Y, Feng S, Yuan J, Xu G, Lv T, Yang J, Kong L, Yang J. Does depressurization of the portal vein before liver transplantation affect the recurrence of HCC? A nested case-control study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:558. [PMID: 38702621 PMCID: PMC11069182 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension (PHT) has been proven to be closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether PHT before liver transplantation (LT) will affect the recurrence of HCC is not clear. METHODS 110 patients with depressurization of the portal vein (DPV) operations (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt-TIPS, surgical portosystemic shunt or/and splenectomy) before LT from a HCC LT cohort, matched with 330 preoperative non-DPV patients; this constituted a nested case-control study. Subgroup analysis was based on the order of DPV before or after the occurrence of HCC. RESULTS The incidence of acute kidney injury and intra-abdominal bleeding after LT in the DPV group was significantly higher than that in non-DPV group. The 5-year survival rates in the DPV and non-DPV group were 83.4% and 82.7% respectively (P = 0.930). In subgroup analysis, patients in the DPV prior to HCC subgroup may have a lower recurrence rate (4.7% vs.16.8%, P = 0.045) and a higher tumor free survival rate (88.9% vs.74.4%, P = 0.044) after LT under the up-to-date TNMI-II stage, while in TNM III stage, there was no difference for DPV prior to HCC subgroup compared with the DPV after HCC subgroup or the non-DPV group. CONCLUSION Compared with DPV after HCC, DPV treatment before HCC can reduce the recurrence rate of HCC after early transplantation (TNM I-II). DPV before LT can reduce the recurrence of early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Public health clinical center of chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Public health clinical center of chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shifeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Public health clinical center of chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingsheng Yuan
- Department of Liver transplantation Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Liver transplantation Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Liver transplantation center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Liver transplantation center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lingxiang Kong
- Department of Liver transplantation center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
- Department of Liver transplantation Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver transplantation center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Kloc M, Halasa M, Ghobrial RM. Macrophage niche imprinting as a determinant of macrophage identity and function. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104825. [PMID: 38648700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage niches are the anatomical locations within organs or tissues consisting of various cells, intercellular and extracellular matrix, transcription factors, and signaling molecules that interact to influence macrophage self-maintenance, phenotype, and behavior. The niche, besides physically supporting macrophages, imposes a tissue- and organ-specific identity on the residing and infiltrating monocytes and macrophages. In this review, we give examples of macrophage niches and the modes of communication between macrophages and surrounding cells. We also describe how macrophages, acting against their immune defensive nature, can create a hospitable niche for pathogens and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA; University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marta Halasa
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
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Riaz F, Zhang J, Pan F. Forces at play: exploring factors affecting the cancer metastasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1274474. [PMID: 38361941 PMCID: PMC10867181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1274474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease, a leading and lethal indication of deaths associated with tumors, results from the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells from the site of primary origin to a distant organ. Dispersion of metastatic cells during the development of tumors at distant organs leads to failure to comply with conventional treatments, ultimately instigating abrupt tissue homeostasis and organ failure. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in cancer progression and the process of metastatic tumor development at secondary sites. TME comprises several factors contributing to the initiation and progression of the metastatic cascade. Among these, various cell types in TME, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are significant players participating in cancer metastasis. Besides, various other factors, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, and hypoxia, also shape the TME and impact the metastatic cascade. A thorough understanding of the functions of TME components in tumor progression and metastasis is necessary to discover new therapeutic strategies targeting the metastatic tumor cells and TME. Therefore, we reviewed these pivotal TME components and highlighted the background knowledge on how these cell types and disrupted components of TME influence the metastatic cascade and establish the premetastatic niche. This review will help researchers identify these altered components' molecular patterns and design an optimized, targeted therapy to treat solid tumors and restrict metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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Zhang X, Yu C, Zhao S, Wang M, Shang L, Zhou J, Ma Y. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma progression: A narrative review. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22109-22129. [PMID: 38098217 PMCID: PMC10757104 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with complex etiology and mechanism, and a high mortality rate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of the HCC tumor microenvironment. Studies in recent years have shown that TAMs are involved in multiple stages of HCC and are related to treatment and prognosis in HCC. The specific mechanisms between TAMs and HCC are gradually being revealed. This paper reviews recent advances in the mechanisms associated with TAMs in HCC, concentrating on an overview of effects of TAMs on drug resistance in HCC and the signaling pathways linked with HCC, providing clues for the treatment and prognosis determination of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Longcheng Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Fernandes R, Costa C, Fernandes R, Barros AN. Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3140. [PMID: 38137361 PMCID: PMC10740737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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9
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Agirre-Lizaso A, Huici-Izagirre M, Urretabizkaia-Garmendia J, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Perugorria MJ. Targeting the Heterogeneous Tumour-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4977. [PMID: 37894344 PMCID: PMC10605535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and aggressive cancer that comprises a complex tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cells present in the TME, and play a key role both in the development and in the progression of HCC. Thus, TAM-based immunotherapy has been presented as a promising strategy to complement the currently available therapies for HCC treatment. Among the novel approaches focusing on TAMs, reprogramming their functional state has emerged as a promising option for targeting TAMs as an immunotherapy in combination with the currently available treatment options. Nevertheless, a further understanding of the immunobiology of TAMs is still required. This review synthesizes current insights into the heterogeneous nature of TAMs in HCC and describes the mechanisms behind their pro-tumoural polarization focusing the attention on their interaction with HCC cells. Furthermore, this review underscores the potential involvement of TAMs' reprogramming in HCC therapy and highlights the urgency of advancing our understanding of these cells within the dynamic landscape of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloña Agirre-Lizaso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Maider Huici-Izagirre
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Josu Urretabizkaia-Garmendia
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Pedro M. Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.-L.); (M.H.-I.); (J.U.-G.); (P.M.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Centre for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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11
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Mitchell MI, Loudig O. Communicator Extraordinaire: Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumor Microenvironment Are Essential Local and Long-Distance Mediators of Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2534. [PMID: 37760975 PMCID: PMC10526527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumors are increasingly being described as a complex "ecosystem", that includes many different cell types, secreted growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and microvessels, that altogether create the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, epithelial cancer cells control the function of surrounding stromal cells and the non-cellular ECM components in an intricate orchestra of signaling networks specifically designed for cancer cells to exploit surrounding cells for their own benefit. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the tumor microenvironment are essential mediators in the reprogramming of surrounding stromal cells, which include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor endothelial cells (TECs), which are responsible for the promotion of neo-angiogenesis, immune cell evasion, and invasion which are essential for cancer progression. Perhaps most importantly, tumor-derived EVs play critical roles in the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells through their two-fold role in initiating cancer cell invasion and the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche, both of which are vital for tumor cell migration, homing, and colonization at secondary tumor sites. This review discusses extracellular vesicle trafficking within the tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche formation, focusing on the complex role that EVs play in orchestrating cancer-to-stromal cell communication in order to promote the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
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12
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Ullah A, Khan M, Yibang Z, Raza F, Hasnat M, Cao J, Qi X, Hussain A, Liu D. Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Dual Chemo-starvation Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2215-2228. [PMID: 37700104 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims at chemotherapy and starvation therapy of HCC via starvation and apoptosis. METHODS Hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) with the thioether-hybrid structure were developed using an organic/inorganic co-templating assembly approach. Hydrofluoric acid was used to remove the internal MSN core for yielding large radial mesopores for loading drug cargos. The morphology and structure of NPs were determined using TEM and SEM. HMONs were stepwise surface modified with glucose oxidase (GOx), oxygen (O2) and Doxorubicin (DOX), and cancer cell membrane (CCM) for yielding CCM-coated HMONs (targeted stealth biorobots; TSBRs) for starvation, apoptotic, and enhanced cell uptake properties, respectively. The surface area and pore size distribution were determined via BET and BJH assays. The catalytic ability of GOx-modified NPs was measured using in vitro glucose conversion approach authenticated by H2O2 and pH determination assays. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicities of NPs. Cell uptake and apoptotic assay were used for the NPs internalization and apoptosis mechanisms. The subcutaneous HepG2 tumor model was established in mice. The long-term in vivo toxicity was determined using blood assays. RESULTS The prepared NPs were spherical, hollow and mesoporous with excellent surface area and pore size distribution. The GOx-modified NPs exhibited excellent catalytic activity. The TSBRs showed better cytotoxicity and reduce the tumor size and weight. The NPs showed long-term safety in vivo. CONCLUSION TSBRs destroyed cancer cells by starvation and chemotherapy in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings which demonstrates its anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ullah
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Marina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yibang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jin Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Hiramoto K, Kubo S, Tsuji K, Sugiyama D, Hamano H. Induction of Skin Cancer by Long-Term Blue Light Irradiation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2321. [PMID: 37626816 PMCID: PMC10452187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, people are not only exposed to sunlight but also to a large amount of blue light from personal computers and smartphones. This blue light has various effects on the living body. However, its effect on the induction of skin cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the induction of skin cancer by long-term blue light irradiation. Hairless mice were irradiated with blue light (LED; peak emission 479 nm) every day for one year, and a control was irradiated with white light (LED), green light (LED; peak emission 538 nm), and red light (LED; peak emission 629 nm) for one year, respectively. Skin cancer was induced only in the mice exposed to blue light. Long-term blue light irradiation also increased the migration of neutrophils and macrophages involved in carcinogenesis in the skin. In neutrophils, an increased expression of citH3 and PAD4 was observed, suggesting the possibility of NETosis. Conversely, in macrophages, inflammatory macrophages (type 1 macrophages) increased and anti-inflammatory macrophages (type 2 macrophages) decreased due to continuous blue light irradiation. These findings suggest that long-term continuous irradiation with blue light induces neutrophil NETosis and an increase in type 1 macrophages, resulting in skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kubo
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Keiko Tsuji
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Daijiro Sugiyama
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideo Hamano
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
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14
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Kotsari M, Dimopoulou V, Koskinas J, Armakolas A. Immune System and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): New Insights into HCC Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11471. [PMID: 37511228 PMCID: PMC10380581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO's recently released worldwide cancer data for 2020, liver cancer ranks sixth in morbidity and third in mortality among all malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common kind of liver cancer, accounts approximately for 80% of all primary liver malignancies and is one of the leading causes of death globally. The intractable tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC and is one of three major unresolved issues in clinical practice (cancer recurrence, fatal metastasis, and the refractory tumor microenvironment). Despite significant advances, improved molecular and cellular characterization of the tumor microenvironment is still required since it plays an important role in the genesis and progression of HCC. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the HCC immune microenvironment, distinct cellular constituents, current therapies, and potential immunotherapy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kotsari
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Dimopoulou
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John Koskinas
- B' Department of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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15
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Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Xu H, Xiao GG, Rao L, Duo Y. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:207. [PMID: 37211559 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers. Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings, which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and, therefore, must be precisely regulated. Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered. In addition, the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology. Moreover, they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Herein, we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling, mechanical stresses and modulation, metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial and transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions. Moreover, we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Shao M, Wang Y, Dong H, Wang L, Zhang X, Han X, Sang X, Bao Y, Peng M, Cao G. From liver fibrosis to hepatocarcinogenesis: Role of excessive liver H2O2 and targeting nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:187-205. [PMID: 36406254 PMCID: PMC9663332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been worldwide threats nowadays. Liver fibrosis is reversible in early stages but will develop precancerosis of HCC in cirrhotic stage. In pathological liver, excessive H2O2 is generated and accumulated, which impacts the functionality of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to genesis of fibrosis and HCC. H2O2 accumulation is associated with overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•−) and abolished antioxidant enzyme systems. Plenty of therapeutics focused on H2O2 have shown satisfactory effects against liver fibrosis or HCC in different ways. This review summarized the reasons of liver H2O2 accumulation, and the role of H2O2 in genesis of liver fibrosis and HCC. Additionally, nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 were summarized for further consideration of antifibrotic or antitumor therapy. Liver fibrosis and HCC are closely related because ROS induced liver damage and inflammation, especially over-cumulated H2O2. Excess H2O2 diffusion in pathological liver was due to increased metabolic rate and diminished cellular antioxidant systems. Freely diffused H2O2 damaged liver-specific cells, thereby leading to fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Nanotherapeutics targeting H2O2 are summarized for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC, and also challenges are proposed.
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17
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Chen C, Liu X, Chang CY, Wang HY, Wang RF. The Interplay between T Cells and Cancer: The Basis of Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051008. [PMID: 37239368 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to cancer treatment. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in impressive and durable clinical responses in the treatment of various cancers. Additionally, immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells has produced robust responses in blood cancers, and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are showing promising results in the treatment of solid cancers. Despite these noteworthy advancements in cancer immunotherapy, numerous challenges remain. Some patient populations are unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and CAR T cell therapy has yet to show efficacy against solid cancers. In this review, we first discuss the significant role that T cells play in the body's defense against cancer. We then delve into the mechanisms behind the current challenges facing immunotherapy, starting with T cell exhaustion due to immune checkpoint upregulation and changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of dysfunctional T cells. We then discuss cancer-cell-intrinsic characteristics, including molecular alterations in cancer cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which collectively facilitate tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and immune evasion. Finally, we examine recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on T-cell-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Che-Yu Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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18
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DiJoseph K, Thorp A, Harrington A, Schmitz KH, Chinchilli VM, Stine JG. Physical Activity and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1051-1059. [PMID: 35767138 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Physical activity offers promise to protect against multiple non-hepatic primary cancers. We performed a systematic review to quantify the association between physical activity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline and trial registries through December 2020 for studies that measured physical activity levels in adults at risk for HCC. The primary outcome was HCC. Subgroup analysis was performed limiting to vigorous physical activity. Proportions and random-effects odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Seven studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 777,662 subjects (median age 55 years; 55% female). Greater amounts of physical activity were associated with less HCC (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.95, p = 0.03) compared to lower amounts. Vigorous physical activity was associated with even less HCC (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49-0.79, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that greater amounts of physical activity are associated with lower odds of HCC. These results support the use of regular physical activity as an effective way to prevent HCC and provide helpful data to support a for future exercise-based interventional study to better define the optimal exercise prescription for patients at risk for primary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara DiJoseph
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Audrey Thorp
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alex Harrington
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Liver Center, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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19
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Huang Z, Li B, Qin H, Mo X. Invasion characteristics and clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophages in gastrointestinal Krukenberg tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1006183. [PMID: 36910657 PMCID: PMC9999382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1006183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been used as potential drug targets in preclinical research and clinical trials of various cancers. However, their distribution in Krukenberg tumors (KTs) remains unclear. We investigated the expression and prognostic value of TAMs in patients with gastrointestinal cancer with KTs. Methods The infiltration of various types of TAMs was detected in surgical tissues of 35 patients with KTs using immunohistochemical staining. The level of infiltration of TAMs in tumor nests (TN), tumor stroma (TS), and invasive margin (IM) areas was evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method and univariate/multivariate Cox regression risk models were used to analyze the relationship between the degree of TAMs invasion and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The distribution of TAMs exhibited spatial heterogeneity between TN, TS, and IM regions in primary tumor (PT) and KT tissues. TAMs infiltrated in the TN had greater prognostic value and were barely influenced by preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, despite similar grades of invasion in PT and KT tissues. Moreover, the number of CD68+ TAMs in TN of KT tissues was an independent risk factor affecting patient OS, whereas tumor resection scope might be an independent risk factor affecting patient PFS. Conclusions In view of the close relationship between TAMs, the tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis, targeting TAMs combined with chemotherapy is expected to become a new approach for the treatment of patients with KTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiquan Qin
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xianwei Mo
- *Correspondence: Haiquan Qin, ; Xianwei Mo,
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20
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Shahini E, Pasculli G, Solimando AG, Tiribelli C, Cozzolongo R, Giannelli G. Updating the Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers and Their Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054286. [PMID: 36901717 PMCID: PMC10001986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its mortality rate is increasing globally. The overall 5-year survival of patients with liver cancer is currently 10-20%. Moreover, because early diagnosis can significantly improve prognosis, which is highly correlated with tumor stage, early detection of HCC is critical. International guidelines advise using α-FP biomarker with/without ultrasonography for HCC surveillance in patients with advanced liver disease. However, traditional biomarkers are sub-optimal for risk stratification of HCC development in high-risk populations, early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment response prediction. Since about 20% of HCCs do not produce α-FP due to its biological diversity, combining α-FP with novel biomarkers can enhance HCC detection sensitivity. There is a chance to offer promising cancer management methods in high-risk populations by utilizing HCC screening strategies derived from new tumor biomarkers and prognostic scores created by combining biomarkers with distinct clinical parameters. Despite numerous efforts to identify molecules as potential biomarkers, there is no single ideal marker in HCC. When combined with other clinical parameters, the detection of some biomarkers has higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison with a single biomarker. Therefore, newer biomarkers and models, such as the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of Alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP), α-FP-L3, Des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP or PIVKA-II), and the GALAD score, are being used more frequently in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Notably, the GALAD algorithm was effective in HCC prevention, particularly for cirrhotic patients, regardless of the cause of their liver disease. Although the role of these biomarkers in surveillance is still being researched, they may provide a more practical alternative to traditional imaging-based surveillance. Finally, looking for new diagnostic/surveillance tools may help improve patients' survival. This review discusses the current roles of the most used biomarkers and prognostic scores that may aid in the clinical management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shahini
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0804994249
| | - Giuseppe Pasculli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Director, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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21
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Selective COX-2 Inhibitor Etoricoxib's Liposomal Formulation Attenuates M2 Polarization of TAMs and Enhances its Anti-metastatic Potential. Pharm Res 2023; 40:551-566. [PMID: 36670330 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COX-2 inhibition in pro-tumoral M2 polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) underscore the improved prognosis and response to cancer therapy. Thus, etoricoxib, a COX-2 inhibiting NSAID drug is highly effective against tumorigenesis, but its compromised solubility and associated hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity limit its clinical translation. OBJECTIVE In view of the consequences, the proposed study entails the development of a liposomal formulation for etoricoxib and evaluates its anticancer potential. METHODS AND RESULT Etoricoxib loaded liposome was prepared by thin layer hydration method and characterized as a nearly monodisperse system with particle size (91.64 nm), zeta potential (-44.5 mV), drug loading (17.22%), and entrapment efficiency (94.76%). The developed formulation was administered subcutaneously into the orthotopic 4T1/Balb/c mice model. Its treatment significantly reduced tumor size and skewed M2 polarization of TAMs to a greater extent against free etoricoxib. Furthermore, Tumor tissues analyzed through immunoblotting study confirmed the reduction in Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 residue and pro-tumoral VEGF, MMP-9, and MMP-2 proteins; Moreover, histology studies and microCT analysis of bones revealed the enhanced anti-metastatic potential of etoricoxib delivered through developed formulation against free etoricoxib. CONCLUSION As an epilogue, the developed formulation efficiently delivers poorly soluble etoricoxib, enhances its therapeutic potential as an anti-tumor and anti-metastatic agent, and directs explorative research for clinical translation.
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Dubey S, Ghosh S, Goswami D, Ghatak D, De R. Immunometabolic attributes and mitochondria-associated signaling of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in tumor microenvironment modulate cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115369. [PMID: 36481347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized immune cells, which have the capacity to phagocytize and destroy the target cells, including tumor cells. Some macrophages, however on their way to devour the cancer cells undergo a change due to a complex set of signaling pathways. They are induced to change into a polarized state known as M2. The M2 macrophages help in metastasis, tumor suppression, and angiogenesis. The macrophage which gets associated with this TME, are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMS undergo a metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative metabolism for bioenergetic purposes (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), decreased glycolysis, decreased metabolism via the PPP, and upregulation of arginase 1 (ARG1) which triggers immunosuppressive pro-tumor signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which mitochondria plays an instrumental role. Reports have suggested that a complex series of interactions and exchange of materials, such as cytokines, metabolic intermediates and sometimes even transfer of mitochondria take place between TAMS and other TME components most importantly cancer cells that reprogram their metabolism to encourage cell growth, division, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, that ultimately play an important role in tumor progression. This review will try to focus on the crosstalk between the TAMs with several other components of TME, what instrumental role mitochondria play in that and also try to explore some of the therapeutic options available in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Dubey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayak Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Debosmita Goswami
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Debapriya Ghatak
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India.
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23
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Su Y, Choi HS, Choi JH, Kim HS, Jang YS, Seo JW. 7 S,15 R-Dihydroxy-16 S,17 S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic Acid Overcomes Chemoresistance of 5-Fluorouracil by Suppressing the Infiltration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inhibiting the Activation of Cancer Stem Cells in a Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020080. [PMID: 36827121 PMCID: PMC9967312 DOI: 10.3390/md21020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the tumor bulk is initially reduced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), chemoresistance developed due to prolonged chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). The enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to chemoresistance and poor outcomes. A docosahexaenoic acid derivative developed by our group, 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA), exerts antitumor effects against TAMs infiltration and CSCs enrichment in our previous study. The current study aimed to investigate whether diHEP-DPA was able to overcome chemoresistance to 5-FU in CRCs, together with the potential synergistic mechanisms in a CT26-BALB/c mouse model. Our results suggested that although 5-FU inhibited tumor growth, 5-FU enriched CSCs via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in chemoresistance in CRCs. However, we revealed that 5-FU promoted the infiltration of TAMs via the NF-kB signaling pathway and improved epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway; these traits were believed to contribute to CSC activation. Furthermore, supplementation with diHEP-DPA could overcome drug resistance by decreasing the CSCs, suppressing the infiltration of TAMs, and inhibiting EMT progression. Additionally, the combinatorial treatment of diHEP-DPA and 5-FU effectively enhanced phagocytosis by blocking the CD47/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis. These findings present that diHEP-DPA is a potential therapeutic supplement to improve drug outcomes and suppress chemoresistance associated with the current 5-FU-based therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5160 (J.-W.S.)
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5160 (J.-W.S.)
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Eckfeld C, Schoeps B, Häußler D, Frädrich J, Bayerl F, Böttcher JP, Knolle P, Heisz S, Prokopchuk O, Hauner H, Munkhbaatar E, Demir IE, Hermann CD, Krüger A. TIMP-1 is a novel ligand of Amyloid Precursor Protein and triggers a proinflammatory phenotype in human monocytes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213799. [PMID: 36629908 PMCID: PMC9837626 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging cytokine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) correlates with the progression of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. However, the effects of TIMP-1 on immune cell activation and underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Unbiased ligand-receptor-capture-screening revealed TIMP-1-interaction with Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) family members, namely APP and Amyloid Precursor-like Protein-2 (APLP2), which was confirmed by pull-down assays and confocal microscopy. We found that TIMP-1 triggered glucose uptake and proinflammatory cytokine expression in human monocytes. In cancer patients, TIMP-1 expression positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine expression and processes associated with monocyte activation. In pancreatic cancer, TIMP-1 plasma levels correlated with the monocyte activation marker sCD163, and the combined use of both clinically accessible plasma proteins served as a powerful prognostic indicator. Mechanistically, TIMP-1 triggered monocyte activation by its C-terminal domain and via APP as demonstrated by in vitro interference, in silico docking, and the employment of recombinant TIMP-1 variants. Identification of TIMP-1 as a trigger of monocyte activation opens new therapeutic perspectives for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Eckfeld
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Frädrich
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Bayerl
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Böttcher
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- School of Life Sciences, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- School of Life Sciences, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,School of Life Sciences, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enkhtsetseg Munkhbaatar
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris D. Hermann
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Correspondence to Achim Krüger:
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ENO1 Promotes OSCC Migration and Invasion by Orchestrating IL-6 Secretion from Macrophages via a Positive Feedback Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010737. [PMID: 36614179 PMCID: PMC9821438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a five-year survival rate of less than 50% due to its susceptibility to invasion and metastasis. Crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages has been proven to play a critical role in tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the specific mechanisms by which tumor cells interact with macrophages have not been fully elucidated. This study sought to investigate the regulatory mechanism of tumor cell-derived alpha-enolase (ENO1) in the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages during OSCC progression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and recombinant human ENO1 (rhENO1) stimulation were used to interfere with the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages. Our results showed that ENO1 was expressed higher in CAL27 cells than in HaCaT cells and regulated lactic acid release in CAL27 cells. Conditioned medium of macrophages (Macro-CM) significantly up-regulated the ENO1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in CAL27 cells. ENO1 promoted the migration and invasion of tumor cells by facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through macrophages. ENO1 orchestrated the IL-6 secretion of macrophages via tumor cell-derived lactic acid and the paracrine ENO1/Toll-like receptor (TLR4) signaling pathway. In turn, IL-6 promoted the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Collectively, ENO1 promotes tumor cell migration and invasion by orchestrating IL-6 secretion of macrophages via a dual mechanism, thus forming a positive feedback loop to promote OSCC progression. ENO1 might be a promising therapeutic target which is expected to control OSCC progression.
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26
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Mishra AK, Banday S, Bharadwaj R, Ali A, Rashid R, Kulshreshtha A, Malonia SK. Macrophages as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in Solid Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:55. [PMID: 36679900 PMCID: PMC9863216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy over the last few decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical care of cancer. Most of the cancer immunotherapeutic regimens approved so far have relied on modulating the adaptive immune system. In recent years, strategies and approaches targeting the components of innate immunity have become widely recognized for their efficacy in targeting solid cancers. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, which can play a crucial role in the generation of anti-tumor immunity through their ability to phagocytose cancer cells and present tumor antigens to the cells of adaptive immunity. However, the macrophages that are recruited to the tumor microenvironment predominantly play pro-tumorigenic roles. Several strategies targeting pro-tumorigenic functions and harnessing the anti-tumorigenic properties of macrophages have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and a few of them have also advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of TAMs and their role in the progression of solid malignancies. We discuss various mechanisms through which TAMs promote tumor progression, such as inflammation, genomic instability, tumor growth, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis, tissue remodeling, and immunosuppression, etc. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TAMs and explore how macrophages can be used as a tool for next-generation immunotherapy for the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Romana Rashid
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Kulshreshtha
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sunil K. Malonia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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27
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Li Z, Yu Q, Zhu Q, Yang X, Li Z, Fu J. Applications of machine learning in tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985863. [PMID: 36211379 PMCID: PMC9538115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of tumor-host interaction and intratumoral heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining increasing attention in modern cancer therapies because it can reveal unique information about the tumor status. As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells infiltrating in TME, a better understanding of TAMs could help us further elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer development. However, the high-dimensional and heterogeneous data in biology limit the extensive integrative analysis of cancer research. Machine learning algorithms are particularly suitable for oncology data analysis due to their flexibility and scalability to analyze diverse data types and strong computation power to learn underlying patterns from massive data sets. With the application of machine learning in analyzing TME, especially TAM’s traceable status, we could better understand the role of TAMs in tumor biology. Furthermore, we envision that the promotion of machine learning in this field could revolutionize tumor diagnosis, treatment stratification, and survival predictions in cancer research. In this article, we described key terms and concepts of machine learning, reviewed the applications of common methods in TAMs, and highlighted the challenges and future direction for TAMs in machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaobin Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fu,
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28
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Friedrich V, Choi HW. The Urinary Microbiome: Role in Bladder Cancer and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092068. [PMID: 36140470 PMCID: PMC9497549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes have increasingly been found to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome bolstered the notion that microbes might play a role in bladder cancer. Although microbial involvement in bladder neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression, except schisto somiasis, has not been established, accumulating research suggests that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome can produce a chronically inflammatory urothelial microenvironment and lead to bladder cancer. In this review, we describe how the urinary microbiome might facilitate the development of bladder cancer by altering the host immune system and the kind of cytokines that are directly involved in these responses. We investigated the therapeutic possibilities of modulating the urinary microbiome, including immune checkpoint therapy. The responsiveness of patients to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy was evaluated with respect to microbiome composition. We conclude by noting that the application of microbes to orchestrate the inflammatory response in the bladder may facilitate the development of treatments for bladder cancer.
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Feng Y, Ye Z, Song F, He Y, Liu J. The Role of TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment and New Research Progress. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5775696. [PMID: 36004381 PMCID: PMC9395242 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5775696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in TME, participating in the process of tumor occurrence, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Among them, metastasis to tumor tissue is the key step of malignant development of tumor. In this paper, the latest progress in the role of TAMs in the formation of tumor microenvironment is summarized. It is particularly noteworthy that cell and animal experiments show that TAMs can provide a favorable microenvironment for the occurrence and development of tumors. At the same time, clinical pathological experiments show that the accumulation of TAMs in tumor is related to poor clinical efficacy. Finally, this paper discusses the feasibility of TAMs-targeted therapy as a new indirect cancer therapy. This paper provides a theoretical basis for finding a potentially effective macrophage-targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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30
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Huang F, Zhang S, Li X, Huang Y, He S, Luo L. STAT3-mediated ferroptosis is involved in ulcerative colitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:375-385. [PMID: 35779691 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation cell death that plays an important role in inflammation. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains to be further investigated. In the present study, we merged the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of UC in GEO database with the ferroptosis-related genes of FerrDb for bioinformatics analysis and successfully screened out the ferroptosis-related hub gene STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Then we further validated the role of STAT3-mediated ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo models of colitis. The results showed that ferroptosis was increased in DSS-induced colitis, salmonella typhimurium (S. Tm) colitis and H2O2-induced IEC-6 cells. And the phosphorylation level of the hub gene STAT3 was down-regulated in IEC-6 cells treated with H2O2, while Fer-1, an ferroptosis inhibitor, reactivated the phosphorylation level of STAT3. In addition, co-treatment of cells with H2O2 and STAT3 inhibitor (stattic) showed an additive effect on the extent of ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of colitis and ferroptosis-related gene STAT3 could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Suzhou Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Experimental Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Yuge Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
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31
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Fang Y, Su C. Research Progress on the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Liver Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893716. [PMID: 35965533 PMCID: PMC9367973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality, and more than 75% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liver metastases occur in 20% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their prognosis are poor. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy have made breakthrough progress in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, compared with the overall population, the liver metastases population was an independent prognostic factor for poor immunotherapy response. Whether and how immunotherapy can work in NSCLC patients with liver metastases is a major and unresolved challenge. Although more and more data have been disclosed, the research progress of NSCLC liver metastasis is still limited. How liver metastasis modulates systemic antitumor immunity and the drug resistance mechanisms of the liver immune microenvironment have not been elucidated. We systematically focused on non-small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastases, reviewed and summarized their pathophysiological mechanisms, immune microenvironment characteristics, and optimization of immunotherapy strategies.
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32
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Chen X, Lin L, Chen G, Yan H, Li Z, Xiao M, He X, Zhang F, Zhang Y. High Levels of DEAH-Box Helicases Relate to Poor Prognosis and Reduction of DHX9 Improves Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900671. [PMID: 35814441 PMCID: PMC9256992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), one of the most common primary malignancies, exhibits high levels of molecular and clinical heterogeneity. Increasing evidence has confirmed the important roles of some RNA helicase families in tumor development, but the function of the DEAH-box RNA helicase family in LIHC therapeutic strategies has not yet been clarified.MethodsThe LIHC dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Consensus clustering was applied to group the patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to develop and validate a prognostic risk model. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub databases were used to explore the role of DEAH-box RNA helicases in LIHC immunotherapy. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the role of DHX9 in LIHC radiosensitivity.ResultsTwelve survival-related DEAH-box RNA helicases were identified. High helicase expression levels were associated with a poor prognosis and clinical features. A prognostic model comprising six DEAH-box RNA helicases (DHX8, DHX9, DHX34, DHX35, DHX38, and DHX57) was constructed. The risk score of this model was found to be an independent prognostic indicator, and LIHC patients with different prognosis were distinguished by the model in the training and test cohorts. DNA damage repair pathways were also enriched in patients with high-risk scores. The six DEAH-box RNA helicases in the risk model were substantially related to innate immune cell infiltration and immune inhibitors. In vitro experiments showed that DHX9 knockdown improved radiosensitivity by increasing DNA damage.ConclusionThe DEAH-box RNA helicase signature can be used as a reliable prognostic biomarker for LIHC. In addition, DHX9 may be a definitive indicator and therapeutic target in radiotherapy and immunotherapy for LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letao Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huzheng Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meigui Xiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fujun Zhang, ; Yanling Zhang,
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fujun Zhang, ; Yanling Zhang,
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Li M, He L, Zhu J, Zhang P, Liang S. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer treatment. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:85. [PMID: 35672862 PMCID: PMC9172100 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant, nearly accounting for 30–50% of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs exhibit an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in advanced cancer, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Consequently, the TAM-targeting therapies are particularly of significance in anti-cancer strategies. The application of TAMs as anti-cancer targets is expected to break through traditional tumor-associated therapies and achieves favorable clinical effect. However, the heterogeneity of TAMs makes the strategy of targeting TAMs variable and uncertain. Discovering the subset specificity of TAMs might be a future option for targeting TAMs therapy. Herein, the review focuses on highlighting the different modalities to modulate TAM’s functions, including promoting the phagocytosis of TAMs, TAMs depletion, blocking TAMs recruitment, TAMs reprogramming and suppressing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We also discuss about several ways to improve the efficacy of TAM-targeting therapy from the perspective of combination therapy and specificity of TAMs subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linye He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant, nearly accounting for 30-50% of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. TAMs exhibit an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in advanced cancer, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Consequently, the TAM-targeting therapies are particularly of significance in anti-cancer strategies. The application of TAMs as anti-cancer targets is expected to break through traditional tumor-associated therapies and achieves favorable clinical effect. However, the heterogeneity of TAMs makes the strategy of targeting TAMs variable and uncertain. Discovering the subset specificity of TAMs might be a future option for targeting TAMs therapy. Herein, the review focuses on highlighting the different modalities to modulate TAM's functions, including promoting the phagocytosis of TAMs, TAMs depletion, blocking TAMs recruitment, TAMs reprogramming and suppressing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We also discuss about several ways to improve the efficacy of TAM-targeting therapy from the perspective of combination therapy and specificity of TAMs subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linye He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Huang Y, Wang T, Yang J, Wu X, Fan W, Chen J. Current Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment via Nano-Delivery Systems: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2335-2352. [PMID: 35619893 PMCID: PMC9128750 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s363456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a global health challenge with a projected incidence of over one million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer, accounting for about 90% of all liver cancer cases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal and external environment for tumor development, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis, immune escape and treatment resistance. Knowing that TME is a unique setting for HCC tumorigenesis, exploration of strategies to modulate TME has attracted increasing attention. Among them, the use of nano-delivery systems to deliver therapeutic agents to regulate TME components has shown great potential. TME-modulating nanoparticles have the advantages of protecting therapeutic agents from degradation, enhancing the ability of targeting HCC and reducing systemic toxicity. In this article, we summarize the TME components associated with HCC, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells and immune cells, discuss their impact on the HCC progression, and highlight recent studies on nano-delivery systems that modulate these components. Finally, we also discuss opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of solid tumours. TAMs heterogeneous are associated with different cancer types and stages, different stimulation of bioactive molecules and different TME, which are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. In this context, understanding the sources and regulatory mechanisms of TAM heterogeneity and searching for novel therapies targeting TAM subpopulations are essential for future studies. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence highlighting the redefinition of TAM heterogeneity from three different directions: origins, phenotypes and functions. We notably focus on the causes and consequences of TAM heterogeneity which have implications for the evolution of therapeutic strategies that targeted the subpopulations of TAMs.
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Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities for New Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073778. [PMID: 35409139 PMCID: PMC8998420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of liver cancer is constantly rising, with increasing incidence and mortality in Europe and the USA in recent decades. Among the different subtypes of liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed liver cancer. Besides advances in diagnosis and promising results of pre-clinical studies, HCC remains a highly lethal disease. In many cases, HCC is an effect of chronic liver inflammation, which leads to the formation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of immune and stromal cells. The TME of HCC patients is a challenge for therapies, as it is involved in metastasis and the development of resistance. However, given that the TME is an intricate system of immune and stromal cells interacting with cancer cells, new immune-based therapies are being developed to target the TME of HCC. Therefore, understanding the complexity of the TME in HCC will provide new possibilities to design novel and more effective immunotherapeutics and combinatorial therapies to overcome resistance to treatment. In this review, we describe the role of inflammation during the development and progression of HCC by focusing on TME. We also describe the most recent therapeutic advances for HCC and possible combinatorial treatment options.
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38
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Cao H, Wang D, Gao R, Feng Y, Chen L. Qi Ling decreases paclitaxel resistance in the human prostate cancer by reversing tumor-associated macrophages function. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1812-1821. [PMID: 35193986 PMCID: PMC8908933 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical immune cells infiltrated into tumor. In present study, we evaluated the effects of Qi Ling (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine on paclitaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. We administrated QL to rats and collected the serum from QL-treated rats (QL-serum). We established the co-culture system of TAMs/paclitaxel resistant prostate cancer cells. We treated the TAMs with QL-serum and measured the viability of paclitaxel resistant prostate cancer cells after exposing to paclitaxel. We monitored the expression of M1 and M2 markers, the expression and activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways in TAMs after QL treatment. We treated TAMs with QL-serum together with interleukin (IL)-6, measured the expression of M1 and M2 markers, and the viability of paclitaxel resistant prostate cancer cells. In co-culture system, QL-serum-treated TAMs decreased the paclitaxel resistance in the human prostate cancer cells. QL-serum treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of M1 markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor α while decreased the expression of M2 markers IL-10 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22. QL-serum suppressed the activation of IL-6/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. All these effects of QL-serum were abolished in the presence of IL-6. Qi Ling re-programmed TAMs and decreases paclitaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Cao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Gao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yigeng Feng
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie moléculaire et anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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Degboé Y, Poupot R, Poupot M. Repolarization of Unbalanced Macrophages: Unmet Medical Need in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1496. [PMID: 35163420 PMCID: PMC8835955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their tissue counterpart macrophages (MP) constitute the front line of the immune system. Indeed, they are able to rapidly and efficiently detect both external and internal danger signals, thereby activating the immune system to eradicate the disturbing biological, chemical, or physical agents. They are also in charge of the control of the immune response and account for the repair of the damaged tissues, eventually restoring tissue homeostasis. The balance between these dual activities must be thoroughly controlled in space and time. Any sustained unbalanced response of MP leads to pathological disorders, such as chronic inflammation, or favors cancer development and progression. In this review, we take advantage of our expertise in chronic inflammation, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, and in cancer, to highlight the pivotal role of MP in the physiopathology of these disorders and to emphasize the repolarization of unbalanced MP as a promising therapeutic strategy to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Département de Rhumatologie, CHU Toulouse, 31029 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, 31037 Toulouse, France;
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Hu J, Zhang M, Gui L, Wan Q, Zhong J, Bai L, He M. PCSK9 Suppresses M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Regulating the Secretion of OX40L from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:1678-1693. [PMID: 35078374 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2027439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) participates in the development of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we attempted to reveal the underlying mechanism of PCSK9 in HCC. METHODS Tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were separated from HCC patients to detect PCSK9 expression. Then, PCSK9 was overexpressed or silenced in HCC cells (MHCC97H or Huh7), and then the cell supernatant was incubated with THP-1 macrophages. OX40L neutralizing antibody (nAb) was used to inhibit OX40L activity. The expression of macrophage markers was examined by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. Finally, tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed by inoculation of LV-PCSK9 infected MHCC97H cells to verify the role of PCSK in HCC. RESULTS PCSK9 expression was decreased in tumor tissues of HCC patient specimens. HCC patients displayed M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues. Moreover, PCSK9-silenced Huh7 cell supernatant promoted cell migration, and enhanced the proportion of CD206-positive cells and the expression of M2 macrophage markers IL-10 and ARG-1 in THP-1 macrophages. PCSK9-overexpressing MHCC97H cell supernatant inhibited THP-1 macrophage migration and M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, which was abolished by OX40L nAb treatment. PCSK9 overexpression enhanced the expression of OX40L in MHCC97H cells. In tumor-bearing mouse models, PCSK9 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and M2 polarization of TAMs in HCC by promoting OX40L expression. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that PCSK9 suppressed M2-like TAM polarization by regulating the secretion of OX40L from hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study suggests that PCSK9 may be a potential target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Gui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinsi Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingyan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Reasons to Be Cheerful, Reasons to Be Fearful. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:107-140. [PMID: 35165862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Dong L, Xia S, Sun B, Ma L, Chen X, Wei S, Zou Z, Zhang A. Potential value and mechanism of Rosa roxburghii tratt juice on pro-inflammatory responses in peripheral blood of patients with arsenic poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221121313. [PMID: 35968550 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the role of arsenic in dysregulated immune and inflammation responses, while, safe and effective treatments have not been fully examined. Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT), a traditional Chinese edible fruit with potential immunoregulatory activities, was considered as a dietary supplement to explore its protective effects and possible mechanism in arsenic-induced dysregulated inflammation responses. We enrolled 209 arsenicosis patients and 41 controls to obtain baseline data, including the degree of arsenic poisoning prior to the RRT juice (RRTJ) intervention. Then, based on criteria of inclusion and exclusion and the principle of voluntary participation, 106 arsenicosis patients who volunteered to receive treatment were divided into RRTJ (n = 53) and placebo (n = 53) groups randomly. After three months follow-up, 89 subjects (46 and 43 of the RRTJ and placebo groups, respectively) completed the study and were examined for the effects and possible mechanisms of RRTJ on the Th17 cells-related pro-inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs had higher levels of Th17 and Th17-related inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-6, and RORγt. Furthermore, the gene expressions of STAT3 and SOCS3 in PBMCs increased and decreased, respectively. Conversely, RRTJ decreased the number of Th17 cells, secretion of IL-17, IL-6, RORγt, and relative mRNA levels of STAT3, and increased the transcript levels of SOCS3. This study provides limited evidence that possible immunomodulatory effects of RRTJ on the critical regulators, IL-6 and STAT3, of the Th17 cells in arsenicosis patients, which indicated that IL-6/STAT3 pathway might appear as a potential therapeutic target in arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiqing Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Papachristoforou E, Ramachandran P. Macrophages as key regulators of liver health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:143-212. [PMID: 35636927 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident Kupffer cells (KC), recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and capsular macrophages. Both the diversity and plasticity of hepatic macrophage subsets explain their different functions in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in regulating both liver health and injury responses in liver diseases including acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver disease (CLD) (including liver fibrosis) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In healthy livers, KC display critical functions such as phagocytosis, danger signal recognition, cytokine release, antigen processing and the ability to orchestrate immune responses and maintain immunological tolerance. However, in most liver diseases there is a striking hepatic MDM expansion, which orchestrate both disease progression and regression. Single-cell approaches have transformed our understanding of liver macrophage heterogeneity, dynamics, and functions in both human samples and preclinical models. We will further discuss the new insights provided by these approaches and how they are enabling high-fidelity work to specifically identify pathogenic macrophage subpopulations. Given the important role of macrophages in regulating injury responses in a broad range of settings, there is now a huge interest in developing new therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages. Therefore, we also review the current approaches being used to modulate macrophage function in liver diseases and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations as a novel treatment strategy for patients with liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papachristoforou
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Zhu S, Yi M, Wu Y, Dong B, Wu K. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 34965886 PMCID: PMC8715617 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1- and M2-like macrophages, which are involved in processes as diverse as anti-tumor activity and immunosuppressive tumor promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are defined as being of an M2-type and are considered as the active component in tumor microenvironment. TAMs are involved in multiple processes of tumor progression through the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, protein hydrolases and more, which lead to enhance tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, which in turn supports invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that the abundance of TAMs in major solid tumors is correlated to a negative patient prognosis. Because of the currently available data of the TAMs’ role in tumor development, these cells have emerged as a promising target for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this paper, we will briefly describe the origins and types of TAMs and will try to comprehensively show how TAMs contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression. Finally, we will present the main TAM-based therapeutic strategies currently available.
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Wang CI, Chu PM, Chen YL, Lin YH, Chen CY. Chemotherapeutic Drug-Regulated Cytokines Might Influence Therapeutic Efficacy in HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413627. [PMID: 34948424 PMCID: PMC8707970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Processes involved in HCC progression and development, including cell transformation, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, are inflammation-associated carcinogenic processes because most cases of HCC develop from chronic liver damage and inflammation. Inflammation has been demonstrated to be a crucial factor inducing tumor development in various cancers, including HCC. Cytokines play critical roles in inflammation to accelerate tumor invasion and metastasis by mediating the migration of immune cells into damaged tissues in response to proinflammatory stimuli. Currently, surgical resection followed by chemotherapy is the most common curative therapeutic regimen for HCC. However, after chemotherapy, drug resistance is clearly observed, and cytokine secretion is dysregulated. Various chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, etoposide, and 5-fluorouracil, demonstrate even lower efficacy in HCC than in other cancers. Tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is the key limitation of curative treatment and is responsible for treatment failure and recurrence, thus limiting the ability to treat patients with advanced HCC. Therefore, the capability to counteract drug resistance would be a major clinical advancement. In this review, we provide an overview of links between chemotherapeutic agents and inflammatory cytokine secretion in HCC. These links might provide insight into overcoming inflammatory reactions and cytokine secretion, ultimately counteracting chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5329)
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Cheuk IW, Chen J, Siu M, Ho JC, Lam SS, Shin VY, Kwong A. Resveratrol enhanced chemosensitivity by reversing macrophage polarization in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:854-863. [PMID: 34859370 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has been shown to inhibit cancer growth by targeting several cancer-related signalling pathways. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant leukocyte population that are associated with poor prognosis in over 80% of breast cancer cases. However, little is known about the effect of resveratrol in the TME. METHODS In this study, MDA-MB-231(MB231), cisplatin resistance MDA-MB-231 (cisR), and T47D were used to examine the antitumor effect of resveratrol. The effectiveness of resveratrol, together with cisplatin as breast cancer treatment was investigated in vivo. Gene expressions of M1 (iNOS and CXCL10) and M2 (ARG1, CD163 and MRC1) markers in differentiated macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were examined to investigate the effect of resveratrol on TAM polarization in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that resveratrol significantly reduced cell proliferation and enhanced chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells by inhibiting production of IL-6 and STAT3 activation. Treatment of resveratrol increased CXCL10 (M1 marker) expression. Further, resveratrol decreased IL-6 levels in LPS-treated differentiated macrophages. The use of resveratrol with cisplatin inhibited suppressed tumor growth when compared with cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION This study revealed that resveratrol inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation by promoting M1/M2 macrophage polarization ratio and suppressing IL-6/pSTAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Cheuk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J C Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S S Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Surgery, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Room K1401, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Mad2 Induced Aneuploidy Contributes to Eml4-Alk Driven Lung Cancer by Generating an Immunosuppressive Environment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236027. [PMID: 34885137 PMCID: PMC8656692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In tissue homeostasis, aneuploid cells have been suggested to be recognized and eliminated by immune cells. However, these initiating cancer cells can evade the immune system and ultimately derivate a tumor. To better understand how aneuploidy might contribute to tumor initiation and/or progression, we used two lung cancer models: one in which cancer cells are aneuploid and the surrounding normal epithelial cells are diploid, and a second one in which both tumor and normal cells are aneuploid. We show that aneuploid cells surrounding the tumor generate an immunosuppressive environment that contributes to lung cancer initiation. Abstract Aneuploidy, an imbalance number of chromosomes, is frequently observed in lung cancer and inversely correlates with patient survival. Paradoxically, an aneuploid karyotype has detrimental consequences on cellular fitness, and it has been proposed that aneuploid cells, at least in vitro, generate signals for their own elimination by NK cells. However, how aneuploidy affects tumor progression as well as the interplay between aneuploid tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment is still unclear. We generated a new mouse model in which overexpression of Mad2 was almost entirely restricted to normal epithelial cells of the lung, and combined it with an oncogenic Eml4-Alk chromosome inversion. This combination resulted in a higher tumor burden and an increased number of tumor nodules compared to control Eml4-Alk mice alone. The FISH analysis detected significant differences in the aneuploidy levels in the non-tumor regions of Eml4-Alk+Mad2 compared to Eml4-Alk alone, although both tumor groups presented similar levels of aneuploidy. We further show that aneuploid cells in the non-tumor areas adjacent to lung tumors recruit immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages. In fact, these areas presented an increase in alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, decreased cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and IFN-γ, suggesting that aneuploid cells in the surrounding tumor areas create an immunosuppressive signature that might contribute to lung tumor initiation and progression.
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Nara H, Watanabe R. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 and Its Involvement in Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189889. [PMID: 34576053 PMCID: PMC8471880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 has been studied since its discovery for its role in health and diseases. It is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-6 was reported as an exacerbating factor in coronavirus disease. In recent years, it has become clear that the function of muscle-derived IL-6 is different from what has been reported so far. Exercise is accompanied by skeletal muscle contraction, during which, several bioactive substances, collectively named myokines, are secreted from the muscles. Many reports have shown that IL-6 is the most abundant myokine. Interestingly, it was indicated that IL-6 plays opposing roles as a myokine and as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this review, we discuss why IL-6 has different functions, the signaling mode of hyper-IL-6 via soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and the involvement of soluble glycoprotein 130 in the suppressive effect of hyper-IL-6. Furthermore, the involvement of a disintegrin and metalloprotease family molecules in the secretion of sIL-6R is described. One of the functions of muscle-derived IL-6 is lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the differences between the functions of IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and the functions of muscle-derived IL-6 are unclear. Although the involvement of myokines in lipid metabolism in adipocytes was previously discussed, little is known about the direct relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle-derived IL-6. This review is the first to discuss the relationship between the function of IL-6 in diseases and the function of muscle-derived IL-6, focusing on IL-6 signaling and lipid metabolism in the liver.
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu WN, Fong SY, Shuen TWH, Liu M, Harden S, Tan SY, Cheng JY, Tan WWS, Chan JKY, Chee CE, Lee GH, Toh HC, Lim SG, Wan Y, Chen Q. Analysis and Validation of Human Targets and Treatments Using a Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Immune Humanized Mouse Model. Hepatology 2021; 74:1395-1410. [PMID: 33738839 PMCID: PMC9540409 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent development of multiple treatments for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has allowed for the selection of combination therapy to enhance the effectiveness of monotherapy. Optimal selection of therapies is based on both HCC and its microenvironment. Therefore, it is critical to develop and validate preclinical animal models for testing clinical therapeutic solutions. APPROACH AND RESULTS We established cell line-based or patient-derived xenograft-based humanized-immune-system mouse models with subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC. Mice were injected with human-specific antibodies (Abs) to deplete human immune cells. We analyzed the transcription profiles of HCC cells and human immune cells by using real-time PCR and RNA sequencing. The protein level of HCC tumor cells/tissues or human immune cells was determined by using flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The HCC tumor size was measured after single, dual-combination, and triple-combination treatment using N-(1',2-Dihydroxy-1,2'-binaphthalen-4'-yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (C188-9), bevacizumab, and pembrolizumab. In this study, human immune cells in the tumor microenvironment were strongly selected and modulated by HCC, which promoted the activation of the IL-6/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in tumor cells and led to augmented HCC proliferation and angiogenesis by releasing angiogenic cytokines in humanized-immune-system mice with HCC. In particular, intratumor human cluster of differentiation-positive (hCD14+ ) cells could produce IL-33 through damage-associated molecular pattern/Toll-like receptor 4/activator protein 1, which up-regulated IL-6 in other intratumor immune cells and activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HCC. Specific knockdown of the CD14 gene in human monocytes could impair IL-33 production induced by cell lysates. Subsequently, we evaluated the in vivo anti-HCC effect of C188-9, bevacizumab, and pembrolizumab. The results showed that the anti-HCC effect of triple-combination therapy was superior to that of single or dual treatments. CONCLUSIONS Humanized-immune-system HCC mouse models are suitable for identifying targets from cancer and immune components and for testing combinational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Wai Nam Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Shin Yie Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | | | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Sarah Harden
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jia Ying Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive MedicineKandang Kerbau Women’s and Children's HospitalSingapore,Experimental Fetal Medicine GroupYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Cheng Ean Chee
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyNational University Cancer InstituteSingapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNational University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNational University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Yue Wan
- Genome Institute of SingaporeAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
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