1
|
Tesch ME, Zheng Y, Rosenberg SM, Poorvu PD, Ruddy KJ, Tamimi R, Schapira L, Peppercorn J, Borges V, Come SE, Snow C, Bhasin S, Partridge AH. Estrogen levels in young women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer on ovarian function suppression therapy. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 39090124 PMCID: PMC11294545 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian function suppression (OFS) benefits young women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer but they are at risk for ovarian function breakthrough. We assessed endocrine effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment in a prospective cohort of patients aged ≤ 40 years with HR-positive breast cancer. Plasma estradiol (E2), estrone, and follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured from blood samples drawn 1 and 4 years after diagnosis. Patient characteristics, invasive breast cancer-free survival (iBCFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between those with and without E2 > 2.72 pg/mL during GnRHa treatment. Among eligible patients, 54.7% (46/84) and 60% (15/25) had E2 > 2.72 pg/mL at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Factors associated with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL at 1 year were no prior chemotherapy (P = 0.045) and tamoxifen use (P = 0.009). After a median follow-up of 7 years, among patients with stage I-III breast cancer (N = 74), iBCFS events were seen in 6 (8.1%) with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL and 5 (6.8%) with E2 ≤ 2.72 pg/mL (P = 0.893). Among patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (N = 12), 6 (50%) with E2 > 2.72 pg/mL and 3 (25%) with E2 ≤ 2.72 pg/mL died during follow-up (P = 0.052). Larger studies exploring the clinical implications of incomplete E2 suppression by GnRHa are needed to ensure optimal OFS treatment strategies are being employed for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Tesch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Philip D Poorvu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Peppercorn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steven E Come
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig Snow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costa NDSD, Lima LS, Galiciolli MEA, Ribeiro DHF, Ribeiro MM, Garica GDPJ, Marçal IS, Silva JFD, Pereira ME, Oliveira CS, Guiloski IC. Drug-induced osteoporosis and mechanisms of bone tissue regeneration through trace elements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127446. [PMID: 38615498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with an imbalance in bone formation, with certain drugs used in disease treatment being implicated in its development. Supplementation with trace elements may contribute to bone regeneration, offering an alternative approach by enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) and thereby thwarting the onset of osteoporosis. This review aims to assess the mechanisms through which trace elements such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are linked to increased bone mass, thus mitigating the effects of pharmaceuticals. Our findings underscore that the use of drugs such as aromatase inhibitors (AIs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antiretrovirals, glucocorticoids, opioids, or anticonvulsants can result in decreased BMD, a primary contributor to osteoporosis. Research indicates that essential elements like Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, and Zn, through various mechanisms, can bolster BMD and forestall the onset of the disease, owing to their protective effects. Consequently, our study recommends a minimum daily intake of these essential minerals for patients undergoing treatment with the aforementioned drugs, as the diverse mechanisms governing the effects of trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn facilitate bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Luíza Siqueira Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Andrade Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Deborah Helen Fabiano Ribeiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Milena Mariano Ribeiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Paula Júlia Garica
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Isabela Saragioto Marçal
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Meire Ellen Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80035-000, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sparic R, Andjic M, Vergara D, Morciano A, D'Oria O, Baldini GM, Malvasi A, Tinelli A. PCOS and vitamin D: a clinical appraisal. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:907-915. [PMID: 37747553 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-reproductive disease linked not just to infertility but also to serious comorbidities. There is a reported association between low vitamin D levels and multiple health conditions including PCOS. This narrative review aims to analyze the role of vitamin D in PCOS development, use of the vitamin D in the treatment of PCOS, and the molecular basis of these observations. METHODS A Medline and PubMed research was performed, during the years 1990-2023, using a combination of keywords on such topic. According to the author's evaluation and target, papers were identified and included for a narrative review. RESULTS There are associations between lower levels of vitamin D and PCOS, as well as with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hyperandrogenemia, metabolic and endocrine disorders as well as the onset of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory milieu, in PCOS women. CONCLUSION Vitamin D has a role in pathologic changes linked to PCOS. Molecular and clinical investigations which give new information about the role of vitamin D in the development of PCOS and related endocrine and metabolic disturbance are further needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Strada Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Morciano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pia Fondazione "Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine and Oncology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CERICSAL, (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), Veris delli Ponti Hospital, Via Giuseppina delli Ponti, 73020, Scorrano, Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Imran A, Akram S, Hussain M, Khan A, Al Jbawi E. A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5004-5027. [PMID: 37701195 PMCID: PMC10494632 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu S, Zhou H, Zhao X, Qian F, Jin C. MiR-195-5p suppresses gastric adenocarcinoma cell progression via targeting OTX1. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:659-668. [PMID: 36093844 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) caused by malignant transformation of gastric adenocytes is a malignancy with high incidence. MiR-195-5p modulates a variety of cancers. One of its target genes, orthodenticle homeobox 1 (OTX1), is believed to be a key modulator of tumor progression. We aim to analyze the mechanism of miR-195-5p and OTX1 in GAC. MiR-195-5p and OTX1 mRNA levels in GAC cells were tested via qRT-PCR. OTX1 protein and EMT-related protein levels were examined through western blot. Several cell functional assays were designed to measure changes in cell malignant behaviors. Dual luciferase assay verified the targeting relation of miR-195-5p and OTX1. These experimental results showed significantly low miR-195-5p expression and significantly high OTX1 expression in GAC cells. Enforced miR-195-5p level repressed cell malignant progression and accelerated cell apoptosis in GAC. Increased OTX1 weakened the above-mentioned effect caused by overexpressing miR-195-5p. Thus, miR-195-5p restrained migration, proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of GAC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis through regulating OTX1. A new insight is provided for searching for biomarkers or therapeutic targets of GAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huanting Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Dongyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cancan Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koohnavard F, Ahmadi K, Eftekhar E, Edalatmanesh MA. Computational screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify potential aromatase receptor inhibitors for polycystic ovary syndrome. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15507-15519. [PMID: 36940361 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2190411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility without ovulation. Aromatase inhibitors were first proposed as new ovulation-inducing drugs in anovulatory women with an inadequate response to clomiphene. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor used as an ovulation inducer in infertile women due to PCOS. However, there is no definitive treatment for women with PCOS and the treatments are mostly symptomatic. In this study, we intend to introduce alternative drugs to letrozole using the library of FDA-approved drugs and evaluate the interaction of these drugs with the aromatase receptor. For this aim, molecular docking was performed to identify interactions of FDA-approved drugs with essential residues in the active site of the aromatase receptor. 1614 FDA-approved drugs were docked with aromatase receptor using AutoDock Vina. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was also performed for 100 ns to verify the stability of the drug-receptor complexes. MMPBSA analysis evaluate the binding energy of selected complexes. Finally, acetaminophen, alendronate, ascorbic acid, aspirin, glutamine, hydralazine, mesalazine and pseudoephedrine drugs showed the best results in interaction with aromatase receptor based on computational studies. These drugs can be introduced as an alternative to letrozole for treating PCOS.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Koohnavard
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Nagarajan D, K K V, V A, P JP, T TP, Chakraborty R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Gopalakrishnan AV. Letrozole: Pharmacology, toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. Life Sci 2022; 310:121074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
BOUTAS IOANNIS, KONTOGEORGI ADAMANTIA, KOUFOPOULOS NEKTARIOS, DIMITRAKAKIS CONSTANTINE, DIMAS DIONYSIOS, KALANTARIDOU SOPHIAN, KOROU LASKARINAMARIA, PERREA DESPOINA. Effect of Aromatase Inhibitors on Serum Calprotectin Levels in an Animal Experimental Model: Trial. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:720-730. [PMID: 36340459 PMCID: PMC9628141 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Utilizing an experimental animal model, we investigated the correlation between aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (anastrozole and letrozole) and Calprotectin levels. AIs have demonstrated superior efficacy when used as adjuvant endocrine therapy or monotherapy for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive early-stage breast cancer, although various side effects have been recorded. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomized and assigned into four groups. The control group received no intervention. The other three groups were subjected to ovariectomy, and serum Calprotectin levels were measured at baseline, 2, and 4 months. In addition, glucose, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- (HDL-) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured. Histological analysis of liver tissue was carried out following rats' euthanasia. RESULTS Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole and letrozole) affect calprotectin levels in ovariectomized rats. Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, was found to be affected by the use of the inhibitors. CONCLUSION The potential of hepatotoxicity can be examined by assessing the elevation of inflammation markers such as Calprotectin, which is an indicator that should be strictly taken into consideration when administering aromatase inhibitors as treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS BOUTAS
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - ADAMANTIA KONTOGEORGI
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - NEKTARIOS KOUFOPOULOS
- Second Pathology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - CONSTANTINE DIMITRAKAKIS
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - SOPHIA N. KALANTARIDOU
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - LASKARINA-MARIA KOROU
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - DESPOINA PERREA
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Almutlaq RN, Newell-Fugate AE, Evans LC, Fatima H, Gohar EY. Aromatase inhibition increases blood pressure and markers of renal injury in female rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F349-F360. [PMID: 35900340 PMCID: PMC9423724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00055.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase is a monooxygenase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens. Aromatase inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the effects of aromatase inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal health in females are understudied. Given that estrogen is protective against cardiovascular and kidney diseases, we hypothesized that aromatase inhibition elevates blood pressure and induces kidney injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve-week-old female rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters to continuously monitor blood pressure. After baseline blood pressure recording, rats were randomly assigned to treatment with the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (ASZ) or vehicle (Veh) in drinking water. Twenty days after treatment initiation, rats were shifted from a normal-salt (NS) diet to a high-salt (HS) diet for an additional 40 days. Rats were euthanized 60 days after treatment initiation. Body weight increased in both groups over the study period, but the increase was greater in the ASZ-treated group than in the Veh-treated group. Mean arterial pressure increased in ASZ-treated rats during the NS and HS diet phases but remained unchanged in Veh-treated rats. In addition, urinary excretion of albumin and kidney injury marker-1 and plasma urea were increased in response to aromatase inhibition. Furthermore, histological assessment revealed that ASZ treatment increased morphological evidence of renal tubular injury and proximal tubular brush border loss. In conclusion, chronic aromatase inhibition in vivo with ASZ increases blood pressure and markers of renal proximal tubular injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting an important role for aromatization in the maintenance cardiovascular and renal health in females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aromatase enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis. Aromatase inhibitors are clinically used for the treatment of patients with breast cancer; however, the impact of inhibiting aromatization on blood pressure and renal function is incompletely understood. The present findings demonstrate that systemic anastrozole treatment increases blood pressure and renal tubular injury markers in female rats fed a high-salt diet, suggesting an important role for aromatization in preserving cardiovascular and renal health in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan N Almutlaq
- Cardiorenal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Huma Fatima
- Division of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PCOS Physiopathology and Vitamin D Deficiency: Biological Insights and Perspectives for Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154509. [PMID: 35956124 PMCID: PMC9369478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has stressed the importance of vitamin D (VD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS are deficient in VD, particularly those with a higher weight. Hypovitaminosis is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, and reduced levels of VD is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk. Since women with PCOS and hirsutism seem to have lower levels of VD than women with PCOS without hirsutism, a correlation between VD deficiency and hyperandrogenism may be suggested. Interestingly, VD is crucial for many human physiological functions, including to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress. Some studies evaluated effects of VD supplementation on glucose homeostasis variables, hormonal status, lipid concentrations, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among VD-deficient women. Moreover, VD has been shown to play a role in egg quality and fertility. This review aims to show the relationship between VD and the endocrine and metabolic profile of PCOS patients, as well as its implications for their fertility. The supplement of VD to the common therapy can lead to an improvement of the insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, a reduction of circulating androgens, as well as a better response to the induction of ovulation in PCOS women.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Obesogenic, and Antidiabetic Properties of Tea Polyphenols-The Positive Impact of Regular Tea Consumption as an Element of Prophylaxis and Pharmacotherapy Support in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126703. [PMID: 35743146 PMCID: PMC9224362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is second only to cervical carcinoma among the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours of the female reproductive system. The available literature provides evidence for the involvement of 32 genes in the hereditary incidence of EC. The physiological markers of EC and coexisting diet-dependent maladies include antioxidative system disorders but also progressing inflammation; hence, the main forms of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy ought to include a diet rich in substances aiding the organism’s response to this type of disorder, with a particular focus on ones suitable for lifelong consumption. Tea polyphenols satisfy those requirements due to their proven antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesogenic, and antidiabetic properties. Practitioners ought to consider promoting tea consumption among individuals genetically predisposed for EC, particularly given its low cost, accessibility, confirmed health benefits, and above all, suitability for long-term consumption regardless of the patient’s age. The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential usability of tea as an element of prophylaxis and pharmacotherapy support in EC patients. The analysis is based on information available from worldwide literature published in the last 15 years.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo B, Li JJ, Ma YL, Zhao YT, Liu JG. Efficacy and safety of letrozole or anastrozole in the treatment of male infertility with low testosterone-estradiol ratio: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Andrology 2022; 10:894-909. [PMID: 35438843 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used to treat male infertility for decades. However, due to the lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies and basic research, the efficacy and safety of AIs in the treatment of male infertility remain controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an evidence-based preliminary evaluation of the existing clinical trials of AIs in the treatment of male infertility. METHOD A comprehensive literature search were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases through August 2021 for all studies. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of the all available studies reporting sperm conventional parameters, gonadotropin and testosterone levels, and/or the pregnancy rate. RESULTS A total of 10 studies involving 666 patients were included. letrozole (LE) or anastrozole (AZ) administration increased significantly sperm concentration, total sperm count, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) levels and testosterone to estradiol ratio (T/E2), but E2 levels were significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Compared with the control group, which included selective estrogen receptor modulators (SEMRs) or HCG, LE or AZ did not have any significant effect on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, except that AIs had less effect on sperm motility than the control group (WMD: -2.55; 95% CI:-4.11 to-1.00; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION AIs may be effective in the treatment of male infertility. For male infertile patients planning assisted reproduction, discontinuation of AIs for 2-7 days prior to sperm retrieval may increase the success rate of fertilization. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Ya-Ling Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali SE, El Badawy SA, Elmosalamy SH, Emam SR, Azouz AA, Galal MK, Abd-Elsalam RM, Issa MY, Hassan BB. Novel promising reproductive and metabolic effects of Cicer arietinum L. extract on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114318. [PMID: 34111539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chickpea was used in both greek and indian traditional medicine for hormonal related conditions as menstrual induction, acceleration of parturation, treatment of retained placenta and stimulation of lactation. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) sprout isoflavone isolates exhibited reasonable estrogenic activities. Isoflavones, a subtype of phytoestrogens, are plant derivatives with moderate estrogenic activity that tend to have protective effects on hormonal and metabolic abnormalities of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of UPLC/ESI-MS characterized Cicer arietinum L. seeds ethanol extract (CSE) on ovarian hormones, oxidative response and ovarian histological changes on induced PCOS rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups including negative control, PCOS, and treatment groups. PCOS was induced using letrozole (1 mg/kg) daily orally for 21 days. Each treatment group was treated with one of the following for 28 days after induction of PCOS: clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg), and CSE at 250 and 500 mg/kg. Ovaries and uteri were excised, weighed and their sections were used for quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, antioxidant assays and histomorphometric study of the ovaries. The antioxidant assays, histopathological examination, hormonal and metabolic profiles, and Cyp11a1(steroidogenic enzyme) mRNA expression were measured. RESULTS In all treatment groups, ovarian weight was significantly decreased despite having no significant effect on uterine weight. Histomorphometric study in the treatment groups revealed a significant decrease in the number and diameter of cystic follicles, a significant increase in granulosa cell thickness while, thickness of theca cells was significantly decreased when compared to PCOS. Hormone levels, metabolic profile and antioxidant status were improved in the treatment groups. Moreover, Cyp11a1 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in the treatment groups compared to PCOS. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, CSE enhanced the reproductive and metabolic disorders which were associated with PCOS induction. For the first time, we have highlighted the effect of CSE in treating PCOS and its associated manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Sherif H Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa R Emam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Bardes B Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu T, Huang Y, Lin H. Estrogen disorders: Interpreting the abnormal regulation of aromatase in granulosa cells (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:73. [PMID: 33693952 PMCID: PMC7952251 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are the most important source of estrogen. Therefore, aromatase (estrogen synthase), which is the key enzyme in estrogen synthesis, is not only an important factor of ovarian development, but also the key to estrogen secretion by GCs. Disorders of the ovarian estrogen secretion are more likely to induce female estrogen-dependent diseases and fertility issues, such as ovarian cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Hence, aromatase is an important drug target; treatment with its inhibitors in estrogen-dependent diseases has attracted increasing attention. The present review article focuses on the regulation and mechanism of the aromatase activity in the GCs, as well as the specific regulation of aromatase promoters. In GCs, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is dependent on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway to regulate the aromatase activity, and the regulation of this enzyme is related to the activation of signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, endocrine-disrupting substance and other related factors affect the expression of aromatase, which eventually create an imbalance in the estrogen secretion by the target tissues. The present review highlights these useful factors as potential inhibitors for target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Huang
- First Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu XL, Deng SL, Lian ZX, Yu K. Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020459. [PMID: 33669960 PMCID: PMC7924872 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paço L, Zarate-Perez F, Clouser AF, Atkins WM, Hackett JC. Dynamics and Mechanism of Binding of Androstenedione to Membrane-Associated Aromatase. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2999-3009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorela Paço
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - Francisco Zarate-Perez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0035, United States
| | - Amanda F. Clouser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - William M. Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, United States
| | - John C. Hackett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0035, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jamal QMS. Structural Recognition and Binding Pattern Analysis of Human Topoisomerase II Alpha with Steroidal Drugs: In Silico Study to Switchover the Cancer Treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1349-1355. [PMID: 32458643 PMCID: PMC7541882 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Topoisomerase TOP-IIA (TTOP-IIA) is widely used as a significant target for cancer therapeutics because of its involvement in cell proliferation. Steroidal drugs have been suggested for breast cancer treatment as aromatase enzymes inhibitors . TTOP-IIA inhibitors can be used as a target for the development of new cancer therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we conducted a docking study on steroidal drugs Anastrozole (ANA), Letrozole (LET), and exemestane (EXE) with TTOP-IIA to explore the therapeutic area of these drugs. RESULTS The binding interaction of EXE drug had significant docking interaction which is followed by ANA and LET. Thus, all these drugs could be used to inhibit the TTOP-IIA mediated cell proliferation and could be a hope to treat the other types of cancers. Among all three tested steroidal drugs, EXE showed binding energy -7.05 kcal/mol, hydrogen bond length1.78289 Å and amino acid involved in an interaction was A: LYS723:HZ3 -: UNK1:O6. CONCLUSION The obtained data showed the most significant binding interaction analyzed with the tested enzyme. Thus, in vitro laboratory experimentation and in vivo research are necessary to put forward therapeutic repositioning of these drugs to establish them as a broad spectrum potential anticancer drugs. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo WY, Zeng SMZ, Deora GS, Li QS, Ruan BF. Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1318-1337. [PMID: 31215379 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khaled N, El-Bahy AA, Radwan R, Handoussa H, AbdelMaksoud S. Ocimum kilimandscharicum L. restores ovarian functions in letrozole - induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in rats: Comparison with metformin. Life Sci 2019; 232:116640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Approaches to Vaginal Bleeding and Contraceptive Counseling in Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients. Obstet Gynecol 2019; 134:81-90. [DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
21
|
Long Non-Coding RNAs as New Master Regulators of Resistance to Systemic Treatments in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092711. [PMID: 30208633 PMCID: PMC6164317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting response to systemic treatments in breast cancer (BC) patients is an urgent, yet still unattained health aim. Easily detectable molecules such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the ideal biomarkers when they act as master regulators of many resistance mechanisms, or of mechanisms that are common to more than one treatment. These kinds of markers are pivotal in quasi-personalized treatment selection, and consequently, in improvement of outcome prediction. In order to provide a better approach to understanding development of disease and resistance to treatments, we reviewed current literature searching for lncRNA-associated systemic BC treatments including endocrine therapies, aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), trastuzumab, paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), anthracyclines, and cisplatin. We found that the engagement of lncRNAs in resistance is well described, and that lncRNAs such as urotelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) and regulator of reprogramming (ROR) are indeed involved in multiple resistance mechanisms, which offers tantalizing perspectives for wide usage of lncRNAs as treatment resistance biomarkers. Thus, we propose this work as the foundation for a wide landscape of functions and mechanisms that link more lncRNAs to resistance to current and new treatments in years of research to come.
Collapse
|
22
|
Arslan S, Akdevelioğlu Y. The Relationship Between Female Reproductive Functions and Vitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1431160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabriye Arslan
- Gazi Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Fakultesi, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akdevelioğlu
- Gazi Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Fakultesi, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goenka L, George M, Sen M. A peek into the drug development scenario of endometriosis – A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:575-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
24
|
Abdel-Hamid AAM, Mesbah Y, Soliman MFM. Reversal of tubo-ovarian atypical epithelial patterns after cessation of ovarian stimulation by letrozole. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:329-336. [PMID: 27581552 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Letrozole (LTZ), one of the ovulation induction medications, is increasingly prescribed in various gynaecological conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated its potential hazardous effect on the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) as well as on tubal epithelial cells (TEC). However, it is not clear whether this effect could be reversed by LTZ cessation. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the effect of stoppage of LTZ on these cells after 12 cycles of ovarian stimulation. A total of 54 Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study, divided equally into control, LTZ12 and CES12 groups (received saline, 12 cycles of LTZ and 12 cycles of cessation post-LTZ12 respectively). Samples from the ovaries as well as fallopian tubes (FTs) were studied histologically for the changes associated with LTZ12 and CES12 respectively. There was evident increase in the proliferative activity and Ki67 immunoexpression in the OSE of LTZ12. The OSE was hyperchromatic, and abnormally frequent deep invaginations, micropapillae and cortical cysts. Their TEC showed frequent multilayering, papillary projections and loss of cilia. Almost all these changes disappeared 12 cycles after LTZ cessation. While the tubal IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and serum MCP-1 levels significantly increased in the LTZ12 group compared with the control group, their levels decreased in the CES12 group compared with those of the control. Therefore, the abnormal tubo-ovarian epithelial patterns may completely regress after cessation of LTZ stimulation for a reasonable duration. This is a potentially good omen and a positive indicator of the relatively safe use of LTZ after its intake has been stopped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Yaser Mesbah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona F M Soliman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Šestak I, Cuzick J. Endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:425-432. [PMID: 30058908 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1216101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gynaecological toxicity profile of tamoxifen presents a significant burden to the patients and oncologist as tamoxifen-related side effects result in additional investigations, procedures and referrals. Aromatase inhibitor have been shown to result in significant reduction in gynaecological problems, possibly including endometrial cancer. Areas covered: We reviewed the main breast cancer trials, observation or cohort studies investigating tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor to report on endometrial adverse events and cancer. Expert commentary: Evidence for an increase in endometrial cancers with tamoxifen in breast cancer treated patients is now very clear. Aromatase inhibitors have shown to have a beneficial effect on the endometrium. There is an important need for further studies to clearly determine the influence of aromatase inhibitors on the endometrial in tamoxifen-naïve women. The effect of aromatase inhibitors on gynaecological problems may have potentially a very important impact in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šestak
- a Centre for Cancer Pevention , Queen Mary University of London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jack Cuzick
- a Centre for Cancer Pevention , Queen Mary University of London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abdel-Hamid AA, Mesbah Y, Farouk MF. Tubal cytokine changes accompany the epithelial atypia of letrozole-stimulated ovaries. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:236-43. [PMID: 26837861 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Letrozole (LTZ), one of ovulation induction medications, is increasingly prescribed in many gynecological conditions. Although its hazardous effect on the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) as well as tubal epithelium cells (TEC) has been previously studied, the associated changes occurring in the inflammatory cytokines have not been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of our study is to investigate these changes that may accompany LTZ-induced tubo-ovarian epithelial abnormalities. A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, divided equally into; control, LTZ6 and LTZ12 groups (received saline, 6 and 12 cycles LTZ i.p. respectively). Samples from ovaries (OVs) as well as fallopian tubes (FTs) were histologically studied for the associated changes. An increased proliferative activity, Ki67 immunoexpression and abnormal invaginations were observed in the OSE of LTZ6 group accompanied with occasional pseudostratification and loss of cilia of TEC. These changes became more pronounced in the LTZ12 where micropapillae, hyperchromasia, frequent deep invaginations, cysts of OSE as well as papillae and multilayering of TEC were noticed. The tubal level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and serum MCP-1 progressively increased in LTZ6 and LTZ12 groups compared with the control group. The significant positive correlation observed between these cytokines in the LTZ6 group became stronger in the LTZ12 one. However, no significant changes in the tubal IL-10 and TGF-β were detected. Therefore, further studies are required to consider these cytokines as objective markers to precisely assess severity of the associated epithelial changes particularly in long periods of stimulation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shahrokhi SZ, Ghaffari F, Kazerouni F. Role of vitamin D in female reproduction. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 455:33-8. [PMID: 26747961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that belongs to the family of steroid hormones. The biological actions of vitamin D are exerted through a soluble protein, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is a transcription factor located in the nuclei of target cells that mediates the genomic action of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). This transcription factor is distributed in various tissues, including the reproductive system. The presence of VDR in female reproductive tissue suggests that vitamin D is involved in female reproduction. The present article reviews the impact of vitamin D on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), as an ovarian reserve marker, and ovarian steroidogenesis. This article also discusses the impact of vitamin D as a factor that influences infertility and the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF), insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Ghaffari
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|