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Aurrekoetxea-Rodriguez I, Lee SY, Rábano M, Gris-Cárdenas I, Gamboa-Aldecoa V, Gorroño I, Ramella-Gal I, Parry C, Kypta RM, Artetxe B, Gutierrez-Zorrilla JM, Vivanco MDM. Polyoxometalate inhibition of SOX2-mediated tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:425. [PMID: 39223652 PMCID: PMC11367752 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased cancer stem cell (CSC) content and SOX2 overexpression are common features in the development of resistance to therapy in hormone-dependent breast cancer, which remains an important clinical challenge. SOX2 has potential as biomarker of resistance to treatment and as therapeutic target, but targeting transcription factors is also challenging. Here, we examine the potential inhibitory effect of different polyoxometalate (POM) derivatives on SOX2 transcription factor in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. METHODS Various POM derivatives were synthesised and characterised by infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction pattern and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells, and their counterparts, which have developed resistance to the hormone therapy tamoxifen, were treated with POMs and their consequences assessed by gel retardation and chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine SOX2 binding to DNA. Effects on proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity were monitored and quantified using microscopy, clone formation, transwell, wound healing assays, flow cytometry and in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. Generation of lentiviral stable gene silencing and gene knock-out using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing were applied to validate the inhibitory effects of the selected POM. Cancer stem cell subpopulations were quantified by mammosphere formation assays, ALDEFLUOR activity and CD44/CD24 stainings. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. RESULTS POMs blocked in vitro binding activity of endogenous SOX2. [P2W18O62]6- (PW) Wells-Dawson-type anion was the most effective at inhibiting proliferation in various cell line models of tamoxifen resistance. 10 µM PW also reduced cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as SNAI2 expression levels. Treatment of tamoxifen-resistant cells with PW impaired tumour formation by reducing CSC content, in a SOX2-dependent manner, which led to stem cell depletion in vivo. Mechanistically, PW induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited Bcl-2, leading to the death of tamoxifen-resistant cells. PW-treated tamoxifen-resistant cells showed restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. CONCLUSIONS Together, these observations highlight the potential use of PW as a SOX2 inhibitor and the therapeutic relevance of targeting SOX2 to treat tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - So Young Lee
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Miriam Rábano
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Isabel Gris-Cárdenas
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Virginia Gamboa-Aldecoa
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Irantzu Gorroño
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Isabella Ramella-Gal
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Connor Parry
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
| | - Robert M Kypta
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Beñat Artetxe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Juan M Gutierrez-Zorrilla
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 801 A, Derio, Spain.
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Almohammad Aljabr B, Zihlif M, Abu-Dahab R, Zalloum H. Effect of quercetin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant human MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:58. [PMID: 38414625 PMCID: PMC10895388 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the major cause of cancer recurrence, relapse and eventual death. Doxorubicin resistance is one such challenge in breast cancer. The use of quercetin, an antioxidant, in combination with doxorubicin has been investigated for offering protection to normal cells from the toxic side effects of doxorubicin in addition to modulation of its resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin in prevention of a doxorubicin-chemoresistant phenotype in both doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. A doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cell line was established. The development of resistant cells was closely monitored for changes in morphological features. Sensitivity to doxorubicin and the doxorubicin/quercetin combination was assessed using the tetrazolium assay. To determine the mechanism by which quercetin sensitizes the doxorubicin MCF-7-resistant cell line to doxorubicin, gene expression alterations in breast cancer-related genes were examined using the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) array technology. Resistant MCF cells were successfully developed and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of doxorubicin increased from 0.133 to 4 µM (wild-type to resistant). The effects of the quercetin/doxorubicin combination exhibited different effects on wild-type vs. resistant cells. The IC50 of doxorubicin was reduced in wild cells, whereas resistant cells showed an increase in cell viability at lower concentrations and a potentiation of the effects of doxorubicin only at higher concentrations. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that quercetin drives cells into late apoptosis and necrosis, but in resistant cells, necrosis predominates. RT-qPCR results revealed that quercetin led to a reversal in doxorubicin effects via up- and downregulation of important genes such as SNAI2, PLAU and CSF1 genes. Downregulation of cell migration genes, SNAI2 (-31.23-fold) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU; -30.62-fold), and the apoptotic pathway gene, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1; -17.25-fold) were the most important querticin-associated events. Other gene alterations were also observed involving cell cycle arrest and DNA repair pathways. The results of the present study indicated that quercetin could lead to a reversal of doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells via downregulation of the expression of important genes, such as SNAI2, PLAU and CSF1. Such findings may represent a potential strategy for reversing breast cancer cell-related chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Almohammad Aljabr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hiba Zalloum
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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BharathwajChetty B, Sajeev A, Vishwa R, Aswani BS, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Kunnumakkara AB. Dynamic interplay of nuclear receptors in tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance: Shifting gears in malignant transformations and applications in cancer therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:321-362. [PMID: 38517618 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances have brought forth the complex interplay between tumor cell plasticity and its consequential impact on drug resistance and tumor recurrence, both of which are critical determinants of neoplastic progression and therapeutic efficacy. Various forms of tumor cell plasticity, instrumental in facilitating neoplastic cells to develop drug resistance, include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) alternatively termed epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) attributes, and transdifferentiation into diverse cell lineages. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that play an essential role in regulating a multitude of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. NRs have been implicated to play a critical role in modulating gene expression associated with tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of how NRs regulate these key aspects of cancer biology. We discuss the diverse mechanisms through which NRs influence tumor cell plasticity, including EMT, stemness, and metastasis. Further, we explore the intricate relationship between NRs and drug resistance, highlighting the impact of NR signaling on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies. We also discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting NRs to overcome tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance. This review also provides valuable insights into the current clinical trials that involve agonists or antagonists of NRs modulating various aspects of tumor cell plasticity, thereby delineating the potential of NRs as therapeutic targets for improved cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandari BharathwajChetty
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ravichandran Vishwa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Babu Santha Aswani
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Abou Kors T, Hofmann L, Betzler A, Payer K, Bens M, Truong J, von Witzleben A, Thomas J, Kraus JM, Kalaajieh R, Huber D, Ezić J, Benckendorff J, Greve J, Schuler PJ, Ottensmeier CH, Kestler HA, Hoffmann TK, Theodoraki MN, Brunner C, Laban S. INHBA is Enriched in HPV-negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Cancer Progression. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:571-587. [PMID: 38329386 PMCID: PMC10901070 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) exhibit a better prognosis than those with HPV-negative OPSCC. This study investigated the distinct molecular pathways that delineate HPV-negative from HPV-positive OPSCC to identify biologically relevant therapeutic targets. Bulk mRNA from 23 HPV-negative and 39 HPV-positive OPSCC tumors (n = 62) was sequenced to uncover the transcriptomic profiles. Differential expression followed by gene set enrichment analysis was performed to outline the top enriched biological process in the HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive entity. INHBA, the highest overexpressed gene in the HPV-negative tumor, was knocked down. Functional assays (migration, proliferation, cell death, stemness) were conducted to confirm the target's oncogenic role. Correlation analyses to reveal its impact on the tumor microenvironment were performed. We revealed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most enriched process in HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive OPSCC, with INHBA (inhibin beta A subunit) being the top upregulated gene. INHBA knockdown downregulated the expression of EMT transcription factors and attenuated migration, proliferation, stemness, and cell death resistance of OPSCC cells. We uncovered that INHBA associates with a pro-tumor microenvironment by negatively correlating with antitumor CD8+ T and B cells while positively correlating with pro-tumor M1 macrophages. We identified three miRNAs that are putatively involved in repressing INHBA expression. Our results indicate that the upregulation of INHBA is tumor-promoting. We propose INHBA as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of INHBA-enriched tumors in patients with HPV-negative OPSCC to ameliorate prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with HPV-negative OPSCC have a poorer prognosis due to distinct molecular pathways. This study reveals significant transcriptomic differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC, identifying INHBA as a key upregulated gene in HPV-negative OPSCC's oncogenic pathways. INHBA is crucial in promoting EMT, cell proliferation, and an immunosuppressive tumor environment, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for HPV-negative OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrina Payer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Fritz Lipmann Institute, Leibniz Institute on Aging, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Truong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jaya Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Randa Kalaajieh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool Head and Neck Center, University of Liverpool, Faculty of Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Li J, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Huang X, Min L, Li P. Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric fibroblast proliferation and migration by expulsing exosomal miR-124-3p. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105236. [PMID: 37813158 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric fibroblasts (GFs) are direct targets of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). GFs infected with H. pylori exhibit marked changes in their morphology and biological behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms by which H. pylori regulates GFs remain unknown. In this study, we cocultured GFs with H. pylori for 48 h. As a result, GFs exhibited an elongated and spindle-shaped morphology. Further, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) biomarkers were increased, and related behaviors were significantly enhanced in H. pylori-activated GFs. The number of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by H. pylori-activated GFs remarkably increased. The miR-124-3p level was increased in secreted EVs but decreased in the cytoplasm of H. pylori-activated GFs. Overexpression of miRNA-124-3p in the original GFs significantly suppressed their proliferation and migration. In addition, the migration-promoting effects of H. pylori-activated GFs were suppressed by miR-124-3p and GW4869, which blocked EV generation. Finally, pull-down and luciferase assays revealed that SNAI2 is a target of miR-124-3p. The migration-inhibitory effects of GFs treated with miR-124-3p were eliminated by the overexpression of SNAI2, and the upregulation of SNAI2 in H. pylori-activated GFs was partially alleviated by miR-124-3p or GW4869. Overall, H. pylori infection promotes the proliferation and migration of GFs by accelerating the expulsion of EVs carrying miRNA-124-3p, a SNAI2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Chui Yang Liu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, 100020 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
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Charles C, Lloyd SM, Piyarathna DWB, Gohlke J, Rasaily U, Putluri V, Simons BW, Zaslavsky A, Nallandhighal S, Michailidis G, Palanisamy N, Navone N, Jones JA, Ittmann MM, Putluri N, Rowley DR, Salami SS, Palapattu GS, Sreekumar A. Role of adenosine deaminase in prostate cancer progression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:594-612. [PMID: 38148936 PMCID: PMC10749386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and constitutes about 14.7% of total cancer cases. PCa is highly prevalent and more aggressive in African-American (AA) men than in European-American (EA) men. PCa tends to be highly heterogeneous, and its complex biology is not fully understood. We use metabolomics to better understand the mechanisms behind PCa progression and disparities in its clinical outcome. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme in the purine metabolic pathway; it was found to be upregulated in PCa and is associated with higher-grade PCa and poor disease-free survival. The inosine-to-adenosine ratio, which is a surrogate for ADA activity was high in PCa patient urine and higher in AA PCa compared to EA PCa. To understand the significance of high ADA in PCa, we established ADA overexpression models and performed various in vitro and in vivo studies. Our studies have revealed that an acute increase in ADA expression during later stages of tumor development enhances in vivo growth in multiple pre-clinical models. Further analysis revealed that mTOR signaling activation could be associated with this tumor growth. Chronic ADA overexpression shows alterations in the cells' adhesion machinery and a decrease in cells' ability to adhere to the extracellular matrix in vitro. Losing cell-matrix interaction is critical for metastatic dissemination which suggests that ADA could potentially be involved in promoting metastasis. This is supported by the association of higher ADA expression with higher-grade tumors and poor patient survival. Overall, our findings suggest that increased ADA expression may promote PCa progression, specifically tumor growth and metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Charles
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stacy M Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Uttam Rasaily
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian W Simons
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - George Michailidis
- Statistics and Data Science, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical CenterHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Rowley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simpa S Salami
- Department of Urology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Arun Sreekumar
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Zhang D, Jiang Z, Hu J, Sun X, Zheng Y, Shen Y. Comprehensively prognostic and immunological analysis of snail family transcriptional repressor 2 in pan-cancer and identification in pancreatic carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117585. [PMID: 37251370 PMCID: PMC10213725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) is a transcription factor that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in neoplastic epithelial cells. It is closely related to the progression of various malignancies. However, the significance of SNAI2 in human pan-cancer is still largely unknown. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases were taken to examine the SNAI2 expression pattern in tissues and cancer cells. The link between SNAI2 gene expression levels and prognosis, as well as immune cell infiltration, was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier technique and Spearman correlation analysis. We also explored the expression and distribution of SNAI2 in various tumor tissues and cells by the THPA (Human Protein Atlas) database. We further investigated the relationship between SNAI2 expression levels and immunotherapy response in various clinical immunotherapy cohorts. Finally, the immunoblot was used to quantify the SNAI2 expression levels, and the proliferative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells was determined by colony formation and transwell assays. Results We discovered heterogeneity in SNAI2 expression in different tumor tissues and cancer cell lines by exploring public datasets. The genomic alteration of SNAI2 existed in most cancers. Also, SNAI2 exhibits prognosis predictive ability in various cancers. SNAI2 was significantly correlated with immune-activated hallmarks, cancer immune cell infiltrations, and immunoregulators. It's worth noting that SNAI2 expression is significantly related to the effectiveness of clinical immunotherapy. SNAI2 expression was also found to have a high correlation with the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and DNA methylation in many cancers. Finally, the knockdown of SNAI2 significantly weakened the proliferative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that SNAI2 could be used as a biomarker in human pan-cancer to detect immune infiltration and poor prognosis, which provides a new idea for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenhong Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Kralj J, Pernar Kovač M, Dabelić S, Polančec DS, Wachtmeister T, Köhrer K, Brozovic A. Transcriptome analysis of newly established carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell model reveals genes shared by drug resistance and drug-induced EMT. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1344-1359. [PMID: 36717670 PMCID: PMC10050213 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer (OC) therapy, even initially responsive patients develop drug resistance. METHODS Here, we present an OC cell model composed of variants with differing degrees of acquired resistance to carboplatin (CBP), cross-resistance to paclitaxel, and CBP-induced metastatic properties (migration and invasion). Transcriptome data were analysed by two approaches identifying differentially expressed genes and CBP sensitivity-correlating genes. The impact of selected genes and signalling pathways on drug resistance and metastatic potential, along with their clinical relevance, was examined by in vitro and in silico approaches. RESULTS TMEM200A and PRKAR1B were recognised as potentially involved in both phenomena, also having high predictive and prognostic values for OC patients. CBP-resistant MES-OV CBP8 cells were more sensitive to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors Rapamycin, Wortmannin, SB216763, and transcription inhibitor Triptolide compared with parental MES-OV cells. When combined with CBP, Rapamycin decreased the sensitivity of parental cells while Triptolide sensitised drug-resistant cells to CBP. Four PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors reduced migration in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS A newly established research model and two distinct transcriptome analysis approaches identified novel candidate genes enrolled in CBP resistance development and/or CBP-induced EMT and implied that one-gene targeting could be a better approach than signalling pathway inhibition for influencing both phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juran Kralj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Pernar Kovač
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Transcriptome-Based Traits of Radioresistant Sublines of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033042. [PMID: 36769365 PMCID: PMC9917840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is a major obstacle for the successful therapy of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To elucidate the mechanism of radioresistance of NSCLC cells and to identify key molecules conferring radioresistance, the radioresistant subclones of p53 wild-type A549 and p53-deficient H1299 cell cultures were established. The transcriptional changes between parental and radioresistant NSCLC cells were investigated by RNA-seq. In total, expression levels of 36,596 genes were measured. Changes in the activation of intracellular molecular pathways of cells surviving irradiation relative to parental cells were quantified using the Oncobox bioinformatics platform. Following 30 rounds of 2 Gy irradiation, a total of 322 genes were differentially expressed between p53 wild-type radioresistant A549IR and parental A549 cells. For the p53-deficient (H1299) NSCLC cells, the parental and irradiated populations differed in the expression of 1628 genes and 1616 pathways. The expression of genes associated with radioresistance reflects the complex biological processes involved in clinical cancer cell eradication and might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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10
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Qureshi R, Picon-Ruiz M, Sho M, Van Booven D, Nunes de Paiva V, Diaz-Ruano AB, Ince TA, Slingerland J. Estrone, the major postmenopausal estrogen, binds ERa to induce SNAI2, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and ER+ breast cancer metastasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111672. [PMID: 36384125 PMCID: PMC9798480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work showed that the dominant post-menopausal estrogen, estrone, cooperates with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) to stimulate inflammation, while pre-menopausal 17β-estradiol opposes NF-κB. Here, we show that post-menopausal estrone, but not 17β-estradiol, activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes to stimulate breast cancer metastasis. HSD17B14, which converts 17β-estradiol to estrone, is higher in cancer than normal breast tissue and in metastatic than primary cancers and associates with earlier metastasis. Treatment with estrone, but not 17β-estradiol, and HSD17B14 overexpression both stimulate an EMT, matrigel invasion, and lung, bone, and liver metastasis in estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer models, while HSD17B14 knockdown reverses the EMT. Estrone:ERα recruits CBP/p300 to the SNAI2 promoter to induce SNAI2 and stimulate an EMT, while 17β-estradiol:ERα recruits co-repressors HDAC1 and NCOR1 to this site. Present work reveals novel differences in gene regulation by these estrogens and the importance of estrone to ER+ breast cancer progression. Upon loss of 17β-estradiol at menopause, estrone-liganded ERα would promote ER+ breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Qureshi
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Manuel Picon-Ruiz
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maiko Sho
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Derek Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vanessa Nunes de Paiva
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anna B Diaz-Ruano
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Tan A Ince
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joyce Slingerland
- Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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11
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Zhang Z, Fang T, Lv Y. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of Slug protein expression in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:361. [PMID: 36372891 PMCID: PMC9661812 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported the relationship between prognosis and Slug protein expression in breast cancer patients, but the results are discrepant. Therefore, there is a need for meta-analyses with high statistical power to investigate and further explore their relationship. Methods We used PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science to find studies on breast cancer and Slug. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the study’s primary endpoints. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) to assess the association between Slug protein expression and prognostic and clinicopathological parameters. This study was performed using STATA version 14.0 for data analysis. (Stata Corporation, TX, USA). Results We conducted a literature search by searching six online databases. Ultimately, we obtained eight studies including 1458 patients through strict exclusion criteria. The results showed that increased Slug protein expression resulted in poorer OS (HR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.47–3.33; P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.26–3.28; P = 0.004) in breast cancer patients. In addition, the results suggested that breast cancer patients with increased Slug protein expression had a higher TNM stage (I–II vs III–IV; OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.25–0.70; P = 0.001), a greater tendency to have axillary lymph node metastases (N+ vs N0; OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.31–3.56; P = 0.003) and were more prone to estrogen receptor deficiency (positive vs negative; OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.45–0.99; P = 0.042). However, Slug protein expression was not associated with age, histological grade, tumor size, progesterone receptor status, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in breast cancer patients. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that elevated Slug protein expression may be related to poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, Slug is not only an indicator of patient survival but may also become a new target for breast cancer therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02825-6.
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12
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Serrano-López EM, Coronado-Parra T, Marín-Vicente C, Szallasi Z, Gómez-Abellán V, López-Andreo MJ, Gragera M, Gómez-Fernández JC, López-Nicolás R, Corbalán-García S. Deciphering the Role and Signaling Pathways of PKCα in Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214023. [PMID: 36430510 PMCID: PMC9696894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises a family of highly related serine/threonine protein kinases involved in multiple signaling pathways, which control cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The role of PKCα in cancer has been studied for many years. However, it has been impossible to establish whether PKCα acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Here, we analyzed the importance of PKCα in cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, or apoptosis by inhibiting its gene expression in a luminal A breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Differential expression analysis and phospho-kinase arrays of PKCα-KD vs. PKCα-WT MCF-7 cells identified an essential set of proteins and oncogenic kinases of the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways that were down-regulated, whereas IGF1R, ERK1/2, and p53 were up-regulated. In addition, unexpected genes related to the interferon pathway appeared down-regulated, while PLC, ERBB4, or PDGFA displayed up-regulated. The integration of this information clearly showed us the usefulness of inhibiting a multifunctional kinase-like PKCα in the first step to control the tumor phenotype. Then allowing us to design a possible selection of specific inhibitors for the unexpected up-regulated pathways to further provide a second step of treatment to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells. The results of this study suggest that PKCα plays an oncogenic role in this type of breast cancer model. In addition, it reveals the signaling mode of PKCα at both gene expression and kinase activation. In this way, a wide range of proteins can implement a new strategy to fine-tune the control of crucial functions in these cells and pave the way for designing targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Serrano-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Coronado-Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Microscopy Core Unit, Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Marín-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Cardiovascular Proteomics and Developmental Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Biology School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Andreo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcos Gragera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Centro Nacional Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Gómez-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Nicolás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.-N.); (S.C.-G.)
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.-N.); (S.C.-G.)
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13
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Ding X, Zhu Z, Lapek J, McMillan EA, Zhang A, Chung CY, Dubbury S, Lapira J, Firdaus S, Kang X, Gao J, Oyer J, Chionis J, Rollins RA, Li L, Niessen S, Bagrodia S, Zhang L, VanArsdale T. PARP1-SNAI2 transcription axis drives resistance to PARP inhibitor, Talazoparib. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12501. [PMID: 35864202 PMCID: PMC9304387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic lethal association between BRCA deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition supports PARP inhibitor (PARPi) clinical efficacy in BRCA-mutated tumors. PARPis also demonstrate activity in non-BRCA mutated tumors presumably through induction of PARP1-DNA trapping. Despite pronounced clinical response, therapeutic resistance to PARPis inevitably develops. An abundance of knowledge has been built around resistance mechanisms in BRCA-mutated tumors, however, parallel understanding in non-BRCA mutated settings remains insufficient. In this study, we find a strong correlation between the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature and resistance to a clinical PARPi, Talazoparib, in non-BRCA mutated tumor cells. Genetic profiling demonstrates that SNAI2, a master EMT transcription factor, is transcriptionally induced by Talazoparib treatment or PARP1 depletion and this induction is partially responsible for the emerging resistance. Mechanistically, we find that the PARP1 protein directly binds to SNAI2 gene promoter and suppresses its transcription. Talazoparib treatment or PARP1 depletion lifts PARP1-mediated suppression and increases chromatin accessibility around SNAI2 promoters, thus driving SNAI2 transcription and drug resistance. We also find that depletion of the chromatin remodeler CHD1L suppresses SNAI2 expression and reverts acquired resistance to Talazoparib. The PARP1/CHD1L/SNAI2 transcription axis might be therapeutically targeted to re-sensitize Talazoparib in non-BRCA mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,AstraZeneca, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Belharra Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Odyssey Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alexander Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sara Dubbury
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Bristol Myers Squibb., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jennifer Lapira
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sarah Firdaus
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jingjin Gao
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Turning Point Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jon Oyer
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Genesis Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Lianjie Li
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Belharra Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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14
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Kumar S, Mishra S. MALAT1 as master regulator of biomarkers predictive of pan-cancer multi-drug resistance in the context of recalcitrant NRAS signaling pathway identified using systems-oriented approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7540. [PMID: 35534592 PMCID: PMC9085754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NRAS, a protein mutated in several cancer types, is involved in key drug resistance mechanisms and is an intractable target. The development of drug resistance is one of the major impediments in targeted therapy. Currently, gene expression data is used as the most predictive molecular profile in pan-cancer drug sensitivity and resistance studies. However, the common regulatory mechanisms that drive drug sensitivity/resistance across cancer types are as yet, not fully understood. We focused on GDSC data on NRAS-mutant pan-cancer cell lines, to pinpoint key signaling targets in direct or indirect associations with NRAS, in order to identify other druggable targets involved in drug resistance. Large-scale gene expression, comparative gene co-expression and protein–protein interaction network analyses were performed on selected drugs inducing drug sensitivity/resistance. We validated our data from cell lines with those obtained from primary tissues from TCGA. From our big data studies validated with independent datasets, protein-coding hub genes FN1, CD44, TIMP1, SNAI2, and SPARC were found significantly enriched in signal transduction, proteolysis, cell adhesion and proteoglycans pathways in cancer as well as the PI3K/Akt-signaling pathway. Further studies of the regulation of these hub/driver genes by lncRNAs revealed several lncRNAs as prominent regulators, with MALAT1 as a possible master regulator. Transcription factor EGR1 may control the transcription rate of MALAT1 transcript. Synergizing these studies, we zeroed in on a pan-cancer regulatory axis comprising EGR1-MALAT1-driver coding genes playing a role. These identified gene regulators are bound to provide new paradigms in pan-cancer targeted therapy, a foundation for precision medicine, through the targeting of these key driver genes in the improvement of multi-drug sensitivity or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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15
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Takeda T, Tsubaki M, Matsuda T, Kimura A, Jinushi M, Obana T, Takegami M, Nishida S. EGFR inhibition reverses epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, and decreases tamoxifen resistance via Snail and Twist downregulation in breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:109. [PMID: 35445730 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive breast cancer. In recent years, the crucial role of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the development of drug resistance in breast cancer has been underlined. However, the central molecules inducing the EMT process during the development of tamoxifen resistance remain to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer cells underwent EMT and exhibited an enhanced cell motility and invasive behavior. The inhibition of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snail) and twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist) reversed the EMT phenotype and decreased the tamoxifen resistance, migration and invasion of tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer cells. In addition, it was observed that the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) reversed the EMT phenotype in tamoxifen‑resistant MCF7 (MCF‑7/TR) cells via the downregulation of Snail and Twist. Notably, the EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, decreased tamoxifen resistance, migration and invasion through the inhibition of Snail and Twist. On the whole, the results of the present study suggest that EGFR may be a promising therapeutic target for tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer. Moreover, it was suggested that gefitinib may serve as a potent novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients, who have developed tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takeda
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsubaki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
| | - Minami Jinushi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
| | - Teruki Obana
- Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University Hospital, Osakasayama, Osaka 589‑8511, Japan
| | - Manabu Takegami
- Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University Hospital, Osakasayama, Osaka 589‑8511, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan
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16
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Firoozi Z, Mohammadisoleimani E, Shahi A, Mansoori H, Naghizadeh MM, Bastami M, Nariman‐Saleh‐Fam Z, Daraei A, Raoofat A, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of hsa_circ_000839 and hsa_circ_0005986 in breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24263. [PMID: 35098570 PMCID: PMC8906031 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death among women around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered group of non‐coding RNAs that their roles are being investigated in BC and other cancer types. In this study, we evaluated the association of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 in tumor and adjacent normal tissues of BC patients with their clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and methods Total RNA was extracted from tumors and adjacent non‐tumor tissues by the Trizol isolation reagent, and cDNA was synthesized using First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific). The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 was quantified using RT‐qPCR. Online in silico tools were used for identifying potentially important competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of these two circRNAs. Results The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 was lower in the tumor as compared to adjacent tissues. The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 in the patients who had used hair dye in the last 5 years was significantly lower. Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and hsa_circ_000839 expression was observed. In silico analysis of the ceRNA network of these circRNAs revealed mRNAs and miRNAs with crucial roles in BC. Conclusion Downregulation of hsa_circ_000839 and hsa_circ_0005986 in BC tumors suggests a tumor‐suppressive role for these circRNAs in BC, meriting the need for more experimentations to delineate the exact mechanism of their involvement in BC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Firoozi
- Department of Medical Genetics Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | | | - Abbas Shahi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Hosein Mansoori
- Department of Medical Genetics Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | | | - Milad Bastami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman‐Saleh‐Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Atefeh Raoofat
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Department of Medical Genetics Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
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17
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Sahoo S, Nayak SP, Hari K, Purkait P, Mandal S, Kishore A, Levine H, Jolly MK. Immunosuppressive Traits of the Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 12:797261. [PMID: 34975907 PMCID: PMC8714906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical data suggests enhanced metastatic fitness of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes, but mechanistic details regarding their survival strategies during metastasis remain unclear. Here, we investigate immune-evasive strategies of hybrid E/M states. We construct and simulate the dynamics of a minimalistic regulatory network encompassing the known associations among regulators of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and PD-L1, an established immune-suppressor. Our simulations for the network consisting of SLUG, ZEB1, miR-200, CDH1 and PD-L1, integrated with single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data analysis, elucidate that hybrid E/M cells can have high levels of PD-L1, similar to those seen in cells with a full EMT phenotype, thus obviating the need for cancer cells to undergo a full EMT to be immune-evasive. Specifically, in breast cancer, we show the co-existence of hybrid E/M phenotypes, enhanced resistance to anti-estrogen therapy and increased PD-L1 levels. Our results underscore how the emergent dynamics of interconnected regulatory networks can coordinate different axes of cellular fitness during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Sahoo
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Prithu Purkait
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Susmita Mandal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Akash Kishore
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar (SSN) College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Departments of Physics and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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18
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Terp MG, Gammelgaard OL, Vever H, Gjerstorff MF, Ditzel HJ. Sustained compensatory p38 MAPK signaling following treatment with MAPK inhibitors induces the immunosuppressive protein CD73 in cancer: combined targeting could improve outcomes. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3299-3316. [PMID: 34165921 PMCID: PMC8637576 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS-MAPK signaling promotes immune evasion and cancer cell survival, and MAPK inhibitors (MAPKis) are frequently used as cancer therapies. Despite progress elucidating the direct effects of MAPKi on immune cells, their indirect effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME) through changes in tumor cells remains incompletely understood. Here, we present evidence of a rapid compensatory response to MAPKi that is driven by sustained p38 MAPK signaling and by which cancer cells can upregulate the immunosuppressive protein CD73 to reduce the antitumor immune response. This compensatory response also results in decreased sensitivity toward MAPKi, and, accordingly, combining anti-CD73 antibodies and MAPKi significantly enhances the antitumor effect compared to single-agent treatment in vivo. Combining MAPKi and anti-CD73 was accompanied by significant alterations in intratumor immune cell composition, supporting the effect of MAPKi-induced CD73 expression on the TME. We show that high CD73 expression significantly correlates with worse outcome in MAPKi-treated colorectal cancer patients, highlighting the potential clinical importance of increased CD73 expression following MAPKi treatment. Our findings may explain the diminished effect of MAPKi in cancer patients and provides further rationale for combined anti-CD73 and MAPKi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel G. Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Odd L. Gammelgaard
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Henriette Vever
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Morten F. Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of OncologyOdense University HospitalDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare)Odense University HospitalDenmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of OncologyOdense University HospitalDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare)Odense University HospitalDenmark
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19
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Saatci O, Huynh-Dam KT, Sahin O. Endocrine resistance in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1691-1710. [PMID: 34623477 PMCID: PMC8611518 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer accounts for approximately 75% of all breast cancers. Endocrine therapies, including selective ER modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and selective ER down-regulators (SERDs) provide substantial clinical benefit by reducing the risk of disease recurrence and mortality. However, resistance to endocrine therapies represents a major challenge, limiting the success of ER + breast cancer treatment. Mechanisms of endocrine resistance involve alterations in ER signaling via modulation of ER (e.g., ER downregulation, ESR1 mutations or fusions); alterations in ER coactivators/corepressors, transcription factors (TFs), nuclear receptors and epigenetic modulators; regulation of signaling pathways; modulation of cell cycle regulators; stress signaling; and alterations in tumor microenvironment, nutrient stress, and metabolic regulation. Current therapeutic strategies to improve outcome of endocrine-resistant patients in clinics include inhibitors against mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit, p110α. Preclinical studies reveal novel therapeutic targets, some of which are currently tested in clinical trials as single agents or in combination with endocrine therapies, such as ER partial agonists, ER proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), next-generation SERDs, AKT inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (EGFR/HER2) dual inhibitors, HER2 targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of endocrine resistance, alterations during metastatic recurrence, and discuss the approved therapies and ongoing clinical trials testing the combination of novel targeted therapies with endocrine therapy in endocrine-resistant ER + breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Saatci
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kim-Tuyen Huynh-Dam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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20
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Fuh KF, Shepherd RD, Withell JS, Kooistra BK, Rinker KD. Fluid flow exposure promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:97. [PMID: 34641959 PMCID: PMC8507133 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how these interactions affect Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinomas through induction of new transcriptional programs within affected epithelial cells, resulting in cells becoming more motile and adhesive to endothelial cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, BT-474, and MCF-7 cells and normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in expression were quantified using microarrays, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blots. Gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in clinical datasets. Potential involvement of Smads was investigated using siRNA knockdown studies. Finally, the ability of flow-stimulated and unstimulated cancer cells to adhere to an endothelial monolayer, migrate and invade membrane pores was evaluated in flow and static adhesion experiments. RESULTS Fluid flow stimulation resulted in upregulation of EMT inducers and downregulation of repressors. Specifically, Vimentin and Snail were upregulated both at the gene and protein expression levels in flow stimulated HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting progression towards an EMT phenotype. Flow-stimulated SNAI2 was abrogated with Smad3 siRNA. Flow-induced overexpression of a panel of cell adhesion genes was also observed. Network analysis revealed genes involved in cell flow responses including FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM. When evaluated in clinical datasets, overexpression of FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM was observed in patients with different subtypes of breast cancer. We also observed increased adhesion, migration and invasion of flow-stimulated breast cancer cells compared to unstimulated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that fluid forces on the order of 1 Pa promote EMT and adhesion of breast cancer cells to an endothelial monolayer and identified biomarkers were distinctly expressed in patient populations. A better understanding of how biophysical forces such as shear stress affect cellular processes involved in metastatic progression of breast cancer is important for identifying new molecular markers for disease progression, and for predicting metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Fuh
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert D Shepherd
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jessica S Withell
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brayden K Kooistra
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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21
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Zhao X, Bai X, Li W, Gao X, Wang X, Li B. microRNA-506-3p suppresses the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells via targeting SNAI2. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Dittmer J. Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736597. [PMID: 34604071 PMCID: PMC8480308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients' outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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23
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Barrett C, Budhiraja A, Parashar V, Batish M. The Landscape of Regulatory Noncoding RNAs in Ewing's Sarcoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:933. [PMID: 34440137 PMCID: PMC8391329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a pediatric sarcoma caused by a chromosomal translocation. Unlike in most cancers, the genomes of ES patients are very stable. The translocation product of the EWS-FLI1 fusion is most often the predominant genetic driver of oncogenesis, and it is pertinent to explore the role of epigenetic alterations in the onset and progression of ES. Several types of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are key epigenetic regulators that have been shown to play critical roles in various cancers. The functions of these epigenetic regulators are just beginning to be appreciated in ES. Here, we performed a comprehensive literature review to identify these noncoding RNAs. We identified clinically relevant tumor suppressor microRNAs, tumor promoter microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. We then explored the known interplay between different classes of noncoding RNAs and described the currently unmet need for expanding the noncoding RNA repertoire of ES. We concluded the review with a discussion of epigenetic regulation of ES via regulatory noncoding RNAs. These noncoding RNAs provide new avenues of exploration to develop better therapeutics and identify novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (C.B.); (A.B.); (V.P.)
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24
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Gustafsson A, Garre E, Leiva MC, Salerno S, Ståhlberg A, Landberg G. Patient-derived scaffolds as a drug-testing platform for endocrine therapies in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13334. [PMID: 34172801 PMCID: PMC8233392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture platforms based on decellularised patient-based microenvironments provide in vivo-like growth conditions allowing cancer cells to interact with intact structures and components of the surrounding tissue. A patient-derived scaffold (PDS) model was therefore evaluated as a testing platform for the endocrine therapies (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) and fulvestrant as well as the CDK4/6-inhibitor palbociclib, monitoring the treatment responses in breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D adapted to the patient-based microenvironments. MCF7 cells growing in PDSs showed increased resistance to 4OHT and fulvestrant treatment (100- and 20-fold) compared to 2D cultures. Quantitative PCR analyses of endocrine treated cancer cells in PDSs revealed upregulation of pluripotency markers further supported by increased self-renewal capacity in sphere formation assays. When comparing different 3D growth platforms including PDS, matrigel, gelatin sponges and 3D-printed hydrogels, 3D based cultures showed slightly varying responses to fulvestrant and palbociclib whereas PDS and matrigel cultures showed more similar gene expression profiles for 4OHT treatment compared to the other platforms. The results support that the PDS technique maximized to provide a multitude of smaller functional PDS replicates from each primary breast cancer, is an up-scalable patient-derived drug-testing platform available for gene expression profiling and downstream functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Garre
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Carmen Leiva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Salerno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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25
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Abstract
Despite the decline in death rate from breast cancer and recent advances in targeted therapies and combinations for the treatment of metastatic disease, metastatic breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-associated death in U.S. women. The invasion-metastasis cascade involves a number of steps and multitudes of proteins and signaling molecules. The pathways include invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, infiltration into a distant site to form a metastatic niche, and micrometastasis formation in a new environment. Each of these processes is regulated by changes in gene expression. Noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis by post-transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. miRNAs can stimulate oncogenesis (oncomiRs), inhibit tumor growth (tumor suppressors or miRsupps), and regulate gene targets in metastasis (metastamiRs). The goal of this review is to summarize some of the key miRNAs that regulate genes and pathways involved in metastatic breast cancer with an emphasis on estrogen receptor α (ERα+) breast cancer. We reviewed the identity, regulation, human breast tumor expression, and reported prognostic significance of miRNAs that have been documented to directly target key genes in pathways, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributing to the metastatic cascade. We critically evaluated the evidence for metastamiRs and their targets and miRNA regulation of metastasis suppressor genes in breast cancer progression and metastasis. It is clear that our understanding of miRNA regulation of targets in metastasis is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Petri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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26
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Rugo HS, Huober J, García‐Sáenz JA, Masuda N, Sohn JH, Andre VA, Barriga S, Cox J, Goetz M. Management of Abemaciclib-Associated Adverse Events in Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety Analysis of MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3. Oncologist 2021; 26:e53-e65. [PMID: 32955138 PMCID: PMC7794176 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13531 10.1002/onco.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abemaciclib demonstrated efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of the most common adverse events (AEs), their management, and whether AEs or dose reductions influenced progression-free survival (PFS), in the MONARCH 2 and 3 trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Incidence of the most clinically relevant AEs, management, and outcomes were summarized. Time-dependent covariate analyses examined the impact of dose reductions on PFS. PFS was estimated for patients with and without early onset of diarrhea or neutropenia. RESULTS The most frequently reported AE was diarrhea, with clinically significant diarrhea (grade ≥2) reported for 42.8% of patients taking abemaciclib. Median time to onset was 1 week, and duration ranged from 6 to 12 days, depending on grade and study. Diarrhea was adequately managed by antidiarrheal medication (72.8%), dose omissions (17.3%), and reductions (16.7%). The highest rates of grade ≥2 diarrhea were observed in the first cycles and decreased in subsequent cycles. Neutropenia (grade ≥3) occurred in 25.4% of abemaciclib-treated patients. Neutropenia resolved with dose omissions (16.8%) and/or dose reductions (11.2%). Incidence of febrile neutropenia (0.7%) or other relevant grade ≥3 hematological events (<9%) was low. Venous thromboembolic events (5.3%) were primarily treated with anticoagulants. Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (3.4%) was treated with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. PFS benefit of abemaciclib was not impacted by dose reductions or early onset of toxicities. CONCLUSION Abemaciclib was generally well tolerated. The most common AEs were effectively managed by supportive medications, and/or dose adjustments, with no detriment to PFS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant or nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors is generally well tolerated in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. In MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3, any-grade diarrhea and grade ≥3 neutropenia were effectively managed with supportive medication and/or dose adjustment. Venous thromboembolic events were treated with anticoagulants and did not often require treatment discontinuation. Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis was infrequent and treated with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. Clinicians should be aware of and implement management strategies, including dose adjustments according to local labels, for commonly occurring and serious adverse events to ensure continued treatment and optimize clinical benefit/risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S. Rugo
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - José A. García‐Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San CarlosMadridSpain
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Cox
- Eli Lilly and CompanySurreyUnited Kingdom
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27
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Rugo HS, Huober J, García‐Sáenz JA, Masuda N, Sohn JH, Andre VA, Barriga S, Cox J, Goetz M. Management of Abemaciclib-Associated Adverse Events in Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety Analysis of MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3. Oncologist 2021; 26:e53-e65. [PMID: 32955138 PMCID: PMC7794176 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abemaciclib demonstrated efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of the most common adverse events (AEs), their management, and whether AEs or dose reductions influenced progression-free survival (PFS), in the MONARCH 2 and 3 trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Incidence of the most clinically relevant AEs, management, and outcomes were summarized. Time-dependent covariate analyses examined the impact of dose reductions on PFS. PFS was estimated for patients with and without early onset of diarrhea or neutropenia. RESULTS The most frequently reported AE was diarrhea, with clinically significant diarrhea (grade ≥2) reported for 42.8% of patients taking abemaciclib. Median time to onset was 1 week, and duration ranged from 6 to 12 days, depending on grade and study. Diarrhea was adequately managed by antidiarrheal medication (72.8%), dose omissions (17.3%), and reductions (16.7%). The highest rates of grade ≥2 diarrhea were observed in the first cycles and decreased in subsequent cycles. Neutropenia (grade ≥3) occurred in 25.4% of abemaciclib-treated patients. Neutropenia resolved with dose omissions (16.8%) and/or dose reductions (11.2%). Incidence of febrile neutropenia (0.7%) or other relevant grade ≥3 hematological events (<9%) was low. Venous thromboembolic events (5.3%) were primarily treated with anticoagulants. Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (3.4%) was treated with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. PFS benefit of abemaciclib was not impacted by dose reductions or early onset of toxicities. CONCLUSION Abemaciclib was generally well tolerated. The most common AEs were effectively managed by supportive medications, and/or dose adjustments, with no detriment to PFS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant or nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors is generally well tolerated in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. In MONARCH 2 and MONARCH 3, any-grade diarrhea and grade ≥3 neutropenia were effectively managed with supportive medication and/or dose adjustment. Venous thromboembolic events were treated with anticoagulants and did not often require treatment discontinuation. Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis was infrequent and treated with corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. Clinicians should be aware of and implement management strategies, including dose adjustments according to local labels, for commonly occurring and serious adverse events to ensure continued treatment and optimize clinical benefit/risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S. Rugo
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - José A. García‐Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San CarlosMadridSpain
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Joanne Cox
- Eli Lilly and CompanySurreyUnited Kingdom
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28
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Blanco-Gómez A, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Salvador N, Castellanos-Martín A, Sáez-Freire MDM, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Lorente M, García-Casas A, Del Carmen S, Abad-Hernández MDM, Cruz-Hernández JJ, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, Claros-Ampuero J, García-Cenador B, García-Criado J, Orimo A, Gridley T, Pérez-Losada J, Castillo-Lluva S. Stromal SNAI2 Is Required for ERBB2 Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5216-5230. [PMID: 33023950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SNAI2 overexpression appears to be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, yet it remains unclear in which breast cancer subtypes this occurs. Here we show that excess SNAI2 is associated with a poor prognosis of luminal B HER2+/ERBB2+ breast cancers in which SNAI2 expression in the stroma but not the epithelium correlates with tumor proliferation. To determine how stromal SNAI2 might influence HER2+ tumor behavior, Snai2-deficient mice were crossed with a mouse line carrying the ErbB2/Neu protooncogene to generate HER2+/ERBB2+ breast cancer. Tumors generated in this model expressed SNAI2 in the stroma but not the epithelium, allowing for the role of stromal SNAI2 to be studied without interference from the epithelial compartment. The absence of SNAI2 in the stroma of HER2+/ERBB2+ tumors is associated with: (i) lower levels of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and reduced tumor epithelium proliferation; (ii) higher levels of AKT and a lower incidence of metastasis; (iii) lower levels of angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and more necrosis. Together, these results indicate that the loss of SNAI2 in cancer-associated fibroblasts limits the production of some cytokines, which influences AKT/ERK tumor signaling and subsequent proliferative and metastatic capacity of ERBB2+ breast cancer cells. Accordingly, SNAI2 expression in the stroma enhanced the tumorigenicity of luminal B HER2+/ERBB2+ breast cancers. This work emphasizes the importance of stromal SNAI2 in breast cancer progression and patients' prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal SNAI2 expression enhances the tumorigenicity of luminal B HER2+ breast cancers and can identify a subset of patients with poor prognosis, making SNAI2 a potential therapeutic target for this disease. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/23/5216/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Blanco-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nélida Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos-Martín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Sáez-Freire
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Lorente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Casas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Abad-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Augusto Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Begoña García-Cenador
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier García-Criado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Sterneck E, Poria DK, Balamurugan K. Slug and E-Cadherin: Stealth Accomplices? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32760736 PMCID: PMC7371942 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is important for embryogenesis and wound healing, epithelial cells activate a program to remodel their structure and achieve a mesenchymal fate. In cancer cells, EMT confers increased invasiveness and tumor-initiating capacity, which contribute to metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. However, cellular plasticity that navigates between epithelial and mesenchymal states and maintenance of a hybrid or partial E/M phenotype appears to be even more important for cancer progression. Besides other core EMT transcription factors, the well-characterized Snail-family proteins Snail (SNAI1) and Slug (SNAI2) play important roles in both physiological and pathological EMT. Often mentioned in unison, they do, however, differ in their functions in many scenarios. Indeed, Slug expression does not always correlate with complete EMT or loss of E-cadherin (CDH1). For example, Slug plays important roles in mammary epithelial cell progenitor cell lineage commitment and differentiation, DNA damage responses, hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, and in pathologies such as pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we highlight Slug functions in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer as a “non-EMT factor” in basal epithelial cells and stem cells with focus reports that demonstrate co-expression of Slug and E-cadherin. We speculate that Slug and E-cadherin may cooperate in normal mammary gland and breast cancer/stem cells and advocate for functional assessment of such Slug+/E-cadherinlow/+ (SNAI2+/CDH1low/+) “basal-like epithelial” cells. Thus, Slug may be regarded as less of an EMT factor than driver of the basal epithelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dipak K Poria
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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30
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Hanker AB, Sudhan DR, Arteaga CL. Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:496-513. [PMID: 32289273 PMCID: PMC7169993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype. Treatment of ER+ breast cancer comprises interventions that suppress estrogen production and/or target the ER directly (overall labeled as endocrine therapy). While endocrine therapy has considerably reduced recurrence and mortality from breast cancer, de novo and acquired resistance to this treatment remains a major challenge. An increasing number of mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been reported, including somatic alterations, epigenetic changes, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review recent advances in delineating mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies and potential strategies to overcome such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Dhivya R Sudhan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Poreba E, Durzynska J. Nuclear localization and actions of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system components: Transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108307. [PMID: 32430099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system stimulates growth, proliferation, and regulates differentiation of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It is composed of two insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and two insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF actions take place mostly through the activation of the plasma membrane-bound IGF-Rs by the circulating ligands (IGFs) released from the IGFBPs that stabilize their levels in the serum. This review focuses on the IGF-1 part of the system. The IGF-1 gene, which is expressed mainly in the liver as well as in other tissues, comprises six alternatively spliced exons that code for three protein isoforms (pro-IGF-1A, pro-IGF-1B, and pro-IGF-1C), which are processed to mature IGF-1 and E-peptides. The IGF-1R undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in a signaling cascade involving numerous cytoplasmic proteins such as AKT and MAPKs, which regulate the expression of target genes. However, a more complex picture of the axis has recently emerged with all its components being translocated to the nuclear compartment. IGF-1R takes part in the regulation of gene expression by forming transcription complexes, modifying the activity of chromatin remodeling proteins, and participating in DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. Four IGFBPs contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which targets them to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6) and DNA damage repair (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6). Last but not least, the IGF-1B isoform has been reported to be localized in the nuclear compartment. However, no specific molecular actions have been assigned to the nuclear pro-IGF-1B or its derivative EB peptide. Therefore, further studies are needed to shed light on their nuclear activity. These recently uncovered nuclear actions of different components of the IGF-1 axis are relevant in cancer cell biology and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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32
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Vrenken KS, Vervoort BMT, van Ingen Schenau DS, Derks YHW, van Emst L, Grytsenko PG, Middelbeek JAJ, van Leeuwen FN. The transcriptional repressor SNAI2 impairs neuroblastoma differentiation and inhibits response to retinoic acid therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165644. [PMID: 31862304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and originates from poorly differentiated neural crest progenitors. High-risk neuroblastoma patients frequently present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Despite intensive treatment, patients often develop refractory disease characterized by poorly differentiated, therapy resistant cells. Although adjuvant therapy using retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation may increase event-free survival, in the majority of cases response to RA-therapy is inadequate. Consequently, current research aims to identify novel therapeutic targets that enhance the sensitivity to RA and induce neuroblastoma cell differentiation. The similarities between neural crest development and neuroblastoma progression provide an appealing starting point. During neural crest development the EMT-transcription factor SNAI2 plays an important role in neural crest specification as well as neural crest cell migration and survival. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion as well as shRNA mediated knockdown of the EMT-transcription factor SNAI2 promotes cellular differentiation in a variety of neuroblastoma models. By comparing mRNA expression data from independent patient cohorts, we show that a SNAI2 activity-based gene expression signature significantly correlates with event-free survival. Loss of SNAI2 function reduces self-renewal, 3D invasion as well as metastatic spread in vivo, while strongly sensitizing neuroblastoma cells to RA-induced growth inhibition. Together, our data demonstrate that SNAI2 maintains progenitor-like features in neuroblastoma cells while interfering with RA-induced growth inhibition. We propose that targeting gene regulatory circuits, such as those controlling SNAI2 function, may allow reversion of RA-therapy resistant neuroblastoma cells to a more differentiated and therapy responsive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Vrenken
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Britt M T Vervoort
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorette S van Ingen Schenau
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne H W Derks
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Emst
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pavlo G Grytsenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A J Middelbeek
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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33
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Williams ED, Gao D, Redfern A, Thompson EW. Controversies around epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:716-732. [PMID: 31666716 PMCID: PMC7055151 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence accumulated over decades has implicated epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which collectively encompasses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the reverse process of mesenchymal-epithelial transition, in tumour metastasis, cancer stem cell generation and maintenance, and therapeutic resistance. However, the dynamic nature of EMP processes, the apparent need to reverse mesenchymal changes for the development of macrometastases and the likelihood that only minor cancer cell subpopulations exhibit EMP at any one time have made such evidence difficult to accrue in the clinical setting. In this Perspectives article, we outline the existing preclinical and clinical evidence for EMP and reflect on recent controversies, including the failure of initial lineage-tracing experiments to confirm a major role for EMP in dissemination, and discuss accumulating data suggesting that epithelial features and/or a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype are important in metastasis. We also highlight strategies to address the complexities of therapeutically targeting the EMP process that give consideration to its spatially and temporally divergent roles in metastasis, with the view that this will yield a potent and broad class of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Williams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Redfern
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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NAV2 facilitates invasion of cutaneous melanoma cells by targeting SNAI2 through the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:399-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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