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Sivan P, Urbancsok J, Donev EN, Derba-Maceluch M, Barbut FR, Yassin Z, Gandla ML, Mitra M, Heinonen SE, Šimura J, Cermanová K, Karady M, Scheepers G, Jönsson LJ, Master ER, Vilaplana F, Mellerowicz EJ. Modification of xylan in secondary walls alters cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation programs and improves saccharification. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 39436777 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Wood of broad-leaf tree species is a valued source of renewable biomass for biorefinery and a target for genetic improvement efforts to reduce its recalcitrance. Glucuronoxylan (GX) plays a key role in recalcitrance through its interactions with cellulose and lignin. To reduce recalcitrance, we modified wood GX by expressing GH10 and GH11 endoxylanases from Aspergillus nidulans in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × tremuloides Michx.) and targeting the enzymes to cell wall. The xylanases reduced tree height, modified cambial activity by increasing phloem and reducing xylem production, and reduced secondary wall deposition. Xylan molecular weight was decreased, and the spacing between acetyl and MeGlcA side chains was reduced in transgenic lines. The transgenic trees produced hypolignified xylem having thin secondary walls and deformed vessels. Glucose yields of enzymatic saccharification without pretreatment almost doubled indicating decreased recalcitrance. The transcriptomics, hormonomics and metabolomics data provided evidence for activation of cytokinin and ethylene signalling pathways, decrease in ABA levels, transcriptional suppression of lignification and a subset of secondary wall biosynthetic program, including xylan glucuronidation and acetylation machinery. Several candidate genes for perception of impairment in xylan integrity were detected. These candidates could provide a new target for uncoupling negative growth effects from reduced recalcitrance. In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that xylan modification generates intrinsic signals and evokes novel pathways regulating tree growth and secondary wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sivan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - János Urbancsok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Félix R Barbut
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Madhusree Mitra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Saara E Heinonen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kateřina Cermanová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michal Karady
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | | | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Du J, Wei H, Song X, Zhang L, Hu J. PdRabG3f interfered with gibberellin-mediated internode elongation and xylem developing in poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112074. [PMID: 38548138 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
As a member of the small GTPases family, Rab GTPases play a key role in specifying transport pathways in the intracellular membrane trafficking system and are involved in plant growth and development. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, PdRabG3f was identified as a candidate gene associated with shoot height in a hybrid offspring of Populus deltoides 'Danhong' × Populus simonii 'Tongliao1'. PdRabG3f localized to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast and was primarily expressed in the xylem and cambium. Overexpression of PdRabG3f in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa (84 K poplar) had inhibitory effects on vertical and radical growth. In the transgenic lines, there were evident changes in the levels of 15 gibberellin (GA) derivatives, and the application of exogenous GA3 partially restored the phenotypes mediated by GAs deficiency. The interaction between PdRabG3f and RIC4, which was the GA-responsive factor, provided additional explanation for PdRabG3f's inhibitory effect on poplar growth. RNA-seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell wall, xylem, and gibberellin response. PdRabG3f interfering endogenous GAs levels in poplar might involve the participation of MYBs and ultimately affected internode elongation and xylem development. This study provides a potential mechanism for gibberellin-mediated regulation of plant growth through Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hantian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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3
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Michalak KM, Wojciechowska N, Marzec-Schmidt K, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Conserved autophagy and diverse cell wall composition: unifying features of vascular tissues in evolutionarily distinct plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:559-572. [PMID: 38324309 PMCID: PMC11037490 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The formation of multifunctional vascular tissues represents a significant advancement in plant evolution. Differentiation of conductive cells is specific, involving two main pathways, namely protoplast clearance and cell wall modification. In xylogenesis, autophagy is a crucial process for complete protoplast elimination in tracheary elements, whose cell wall also undergoes strong changes. Knowledge pertaining to living sieve elements, which lose most of their protoplast during phloemogenesis, remains limited. We hypothesized that autophagy plays a crucial role, not only in complete cytoplasmic clearance in xylem but also in partial degradation in phloem. Cell wall elaborations of mature sieve elements are not so extensive. These analyses performed on evolutionarily diverse model species potentially make it possible to understand phloemogenesis to an equal extent to xylogenesis. METHODS We investigated the distribution of ATG8 protein, which is an autophagy marker, and cell wall components in the roots of ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms (monocots, dicot herbaceous plants and trees). Furthermore, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of complete data on ATG8 isoforms for Ceratopteris richardii. KEY RESULTS The presence of ATG8 protein was confirmed in both tracheary elements and sieve elements; however, the composition of cell wall components varied considerably among vascular tissues in the selected plants. Arabinogalactan proteins and β-1,4-galactan were detected in the roots of all studied species, suggesting their potential importance in phloem formation or function. In contrast, no evolutionary pattern was observed for xyloglucan, arabinan or homogalacturonan. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the involvement of autophagy in plants is universal during the development of tracheary elements that are dead at maturity and sieve elements that remain alive. Given the conserved nature of autophagy and its function in protoplast degradation for uninterrupted flow, autophagy might have played a vital role in the development of increasingly complex biological organizations, including the formation of vascular tissues. However, different cell wall compositions of xylem and phloem in different species might indicate diverse functionality and potential for substance transport, which is crucial in plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornel M Michalak
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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4
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Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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5
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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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7
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Mishra A, Mishra TK, Nanda S, Mohanty MK, Dash M. A comprehensive review on genetic modification of plant cell wall for improved saccharification efficiency. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10509-10524. [PMID: 37921982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The focus is now on harnessing energy from green sources through sustainable technology to minimize environmental pollution. Several crop residues including rice and wheat straw are having enormous potential to be used as lignocellulosic source material for bioenergy production. The lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin cell wall polymers. The hemicellulose and lignin polymers induce crosslinks in the cell wall, by firmly associating with cellulose microfibrils, and thereby, denying considerable access of cellulose to cellulase enzymes. This issue has been addressed by various researchers through downregulating several genes associated in monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Poplar, Rice and Switchgrass to increase ethanol recovery. Similarly, xylan biosynthetic genes are also targeted to genetically culminate its accumulation in the secondary cell walls. Regulation of cellulose synthases (CesA) proves to be an effective tool in addressing the negative impact of these two factors. Modification in the expression of cellulose synthase aids in reducing cellulose crystallinity as well as polymerisation degree which in turn increases ethanol recovery. The engineered bioenergy crops and various fungal strains with state of art biomass processing techniques presents the most recent integrative biotechnology model for cost effective green fuels generation along with production of key value-added products with minuscule disturbances in the environment. Plant breeding strategies utilizing the existing variability for biomass traits will be key in developing dual purpose varieties. For this purpose, reorientation of conventional breeding techniques for incorporating useful biomass traits will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Spandan Nanda
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manasi Dash
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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8
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Luo L, Yu W, Yi Y, Xing C, Zeng L, Yang Y, Wang H, Tang Z, Tan Z. The influence of residual pectin composition and content on nanocellulose films from ramie fibers: Micro-nano structure and physical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125812. [PMID: 37453632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films from ramie fibers were prepared with different pectin compositions and contents, and the influence of residual pectin on the overall performances of CNF films was evaluated. There was no significant effect of the residual pectin composition on the properties of obtained CNF films. However, when the content of residual pectin was increased from 0.45 % to 9.16 %, the surface area and water absorption of CNF films were increased from 0.2223 to 0.3300 m2/g, and from 93.51 % to 122.42 %, respectively. Pectin covers the CNF surface and act as a physical barrier between the cellulose fibrils; thus the nanocellulose films with high pectin content will have a loose and porous structure, resulting in a high surface area and a high water absorption. Besides, with the residual pectin content decreasing from 9.16 % to 0.45 %, the UVA light transmittance and tensile strength of CNF films were increased from 30.6 % to 59.9 %, and from 37.67 to 100.26 MPa, respectively. After removal of amorphous pectins in CNFs, the low pectin containing CNFs are able to pack more compactly to form a strong and thin film. This paper provides guidance for the preparation of CNF films with different performance requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wang Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Yongjian Yi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Liangbin Zeng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
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9
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Sahu SK, Liu M, Chen Y, Gui J, Fang D, Chen X, Yang T, He C, Cheng L, Yang J, Sahu DN, Li L, Wang H, Mu W, Wei J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Lisby M, Liu X, Xu X, Li L, Wang S, Liu H. Chromosome-scale genomes of commercial timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis). Sci Data 2023; 10:512. [PMID: 37537171 PMCID: PMC10400565 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood is the most important natural and endlessly renewable source of energy. Despite the ecological and economic importance of wood, many aspects of its formation have not yet been investigated. We performed chromosome-scale genome assemblies of three timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis) which exhibit different wood properties such as wood density, hardness, growth rate, and fiber cell wall thickness. The combination of 10X, stLFR, Hi-Fi sequencing and HiC data led us to assemble high-quality genomes evident by scaffold N50 length of 55.97 Mb (O. pyramidale), 22.37 Mb (M. ferrea) and 14.55 Mb (T. grandis) with >97% BUSCO completeness of the assemblies. A total of 35774, 24027, and 44813 protein-coding genes were identified in M. ferrea, T. grandis and O. pyramidale, respectively. The data generated in this study is anticipated to serve as a valuable genetic resource and will promote comparative genomic analyses, and it is of practical importance in gaining a further understanding of the wood properties in non-model woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China
| | - Yewen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Chengzhong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- BGI Research, Kunming, Yunnan, 650106, China
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Weixue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jinpu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Forestry Bureau of Ruili, Yunnan Dehong, Ruili, 678600, China
| | | | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150400, China.
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10
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Derba-Maceluch M, Sivan P, Donev EN, Gandla ML, Yassin Z, Vaasan R, Heinonen E, Andersson S, Amini F, Scheepers G, Johansson U, Vilaplana FJ, Albrectsen BR, Hertzberg M, Jönsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ. Impact of xylan on field productivity and wood saccharification properties in aspen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218302. [PMID: 37528966 PMCID: PMC10389764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Xylan that comprises roughly 25% of hardwood biomass is undesirable in biorefinery applications involving saccharification and fermentation. Efforts to reduce xylan levels have therefore been made in many species, usually resulting in improved saccharification. However, such modified plants have not yet been tested under field conditions. Here we evaluate the field performance of transgenic hybrid aspen lines with reduced xylan levels and assess their usefulness as short-rotation feedstocks for biorefineries. Three types of transgenic lines were tested in four-year field tests with RNAi constructs targeting either Populus GT43 clades B and C (GT43BC) corresponding to Arabidopsis clades IRX9 and IRX14, respectively, involved in xylan backbone biosynthesis, GATL1.1 corresponding to AtGALT1 involved in xylan reducing end sequence biosynthesis, or ASPR1 encoding an atypical aspartate protease. Their productivity, wood quality traits, and saccharification efficiency were analyzed. The only lines differing significantly from the wild type with respect to growth and biotic stress resistance were the ASPR1 lines, whose stems were roughly 10% shorter and narrower and leaves showed increased arthropod damage. GT43BC lines exhibited no growth advantage in the field despite their superior growth in greenhouse experiments. Wood from the ASPR1 and GT43BC lines had slightly reduced density due to thinner cell walls and, in the case of ASPR1, larger cell diameters. The xylan was less extractable by alkali but more hydrolysable by acid, had increased glucuronosylation, and its content was reduced in all three types of transgenic lines. The hemicellulose size distribution in the GALT1.1 and ASPR1 lines was skewed towards higher molecular mass compared to the wild type. These results provide experimental evidence that GATL1.1 functions in xylan biosynthesis and suggest that ASPR1 may regulate this process. In saccharification without pretreatment, lines of all three constructs provided 8-11% higher average glucose yields than wild-type plants. In saccharification with acid pretreatment, the GT43BC construct provided a 10% yield increase on average. The best transgenic lines of each construct are thus predicted to modestly outperform the wild type in terms of glucose yields per hectare. The field evaluation of transgenic xylan-reduced aspen represents an important step towards more productive feedstocks for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N. Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Zakiya Yassin
- Enhet Produktionssystem och Material, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Rakhesh Vaasan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Heinonen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Andersson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fariba Amini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- Enhet Produktionssystem och Material, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Tönnersjöheden Experimental Forest, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Simlångsdalen, Sweden
| | - Francisco J. Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Li M, Wu X, Wang B, Wu X, Wang Y, Wang J, Dong J, Wu J, Lu Z, Sun Y, Dong W, Yang J, Li G. Genome-wide association analysis reveals the optimal genomic regions for pod size in bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138988. [PMID: 37251758 PMCID: PMC10213521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The snap bean is the most commonly grown vegetable legume worldwide, and its pod size is both an important yield and appearance quality trait. However, the improvement of pod size in snap beans grown in China has been largely hindered by a lack of information on the specific genes that determine pod size. In this study, we identified 88 snap bean accessions and evaluated their pod size traits. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), 57 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with pod size were detected. Candidate gene analysis showed that cytochrome P450 family genes, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors were the predominant candidate genes for pod development, and eight of these 26 candidate genes showed relatively higher expression patterns in flowers and young pods. A significant pod length (PL) SNP and a single pod weight (SPW) SNP were successfully converted into kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers and validated in the panel. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of pod size, and also provide genetic resources for the molecular breeding of pod size in snap beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baogen Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Lu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Legumes Germplasm Enhancement and Molecular Breeding in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Donev EN, Derba‐Maceluch M, Yassin Z, Gandla ML, Pramod S, Heinonen E, Kumar V, Scheepers G, Vilaplana F, Johansson U, Hertzberg M, Sundberg B, Winestrand S, Hörnberg A, Alriksson B, Jönsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ. Field testing of transgenic aspen from large greenhouse screening identifies unexpected winners. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1005-1021. [PMID: 36668687 PMCID: PMC10106850 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trees constitute promising renewable feedstocks for biorefinery using biochemical conversion, but their recalcitrance restricts their attractiveness for the industry. To obtain trees with reduced recalcitrance, large-scale genetic engineering experiments were performed in hybrid aspen blindly targeting genes expressed during wood formation and 32 lines representing seven constructs were selected for characterization in the field. Here we report phenotypes of five-year old trees considering 49 traits related to growth and wood properties. The best performing construct considering growth and glucose yield in saccharification with acid pretreatment had suppressed expression of the gene encoding an uncharacterized 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD). It showed minor changes in wood chemistry but increased nanoporosity and glucose conversion. Suppressed levels of SUCROSE SYNTHASE, (SuSy), CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) and increased levels of GTPase activating protein for ADP-ribosylation factor ZAC led to significant growth reductions and anatomical abnormalities. However, C4H and SuSy constructs greatly improved glucose yields in saccharification without and with pretreatment, respectively. Traits associated with high glucose yields were different for saccharification with and without pretreatment. While carbohydrates, phenolics and tension wood contents positively impacted the yields without pretreatment and growth, lignin content and S/G ratio were negative factors, the yields with pretreatment positively correlated with S lignin and negatively with carbohydrate contents. The genotypes with high glucose yields had increased nanoporosity and mGlcA/Xyl ratio, and some had shorter polymers extractable with subcritical water compared to wild-type. The pilot-scale industrial-like pretreatment of best-performing 2OGD construct confirmed its superior sugar yields, supporting our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy N. Donev
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Marta Derba‐Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- Enhet Produktionssystem och MaterialRISE Research Institutes of SwedenVäxjöSweden
| | | | - Sivan Pramod
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
| | - Emilia Heinonen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC)KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- Enhet Produktionssystem och MaterialRISE Research Institutes of SwedenVäxjöSweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC)KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Tönnersjöheden Experimental ForestSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSimlångsdalenSweden
| | | | - Björn Sundberg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
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13
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Yuan G, Liu Y, Yao T, Muchero W, Chen JG, Tuskan GA, Yang X. eYGFPuv-Assisted Transgenic Selection in Populus deltoides WV94 and Multiplex Genome Editing in Protoplasts of P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides Clone '52-225'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1657. [PMID: 37111880 PMCID: PMC10145771 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been widely used for plant genetic engineering, its application in the genetic improvement of trees has been limited, partly because of challenges in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As an important model for poplar genomics and biotechnology research, eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) clone WV94 can be transformed by A. tumefaciens, but several challenges remain unresolved, including the relatively low transformation efficiency and the relatively high rate of false positives from antibiotic-based selection of transgenic events. Moreover, the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas system has not been explored in P. deltoides yet. Here, we first optimized the protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation in P. deltoides WV94 and applied a UV-visible reporter called eYGFPuv in transformation. Our results showed that the transgenic events in the early stage of transformation could be easily recognized and counted in a non-invasive manner to narrow down the number of regenerated shoots for further molecular characterization (at the DNA or mRNA level) using PCR. We found that approximately 8.7% of explants regenerated transgenic shoots with green fluorescence within two months. Next, we examined the efficacy of multiplex CRISPR-based genome editing in the protoplasts derived from P. deltoides WV94 and hybrid poplar clone '52-225' (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides clone '52-225'). The two constructs expressing the Trex2-Cas9 system resulted in mutation efficiency ranging from 31% to 57% in hybrid poplar clone 52-225, but no editing events were observed in P. deltoides WV94 transient assay. The eYGFPuv-assisted plant transformation and genome editing approach demonstrated in this study has great potential for accelerating the genome editing-based breeding process in poplar and other non-model plants species and point to the need for additional CRISPR work in P. deltoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Yuan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Chemical and Biological Process Development Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Tao Yao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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14
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Yu W, Yi Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Xing C, Zeng L, Tang J, Tan Z. Effects of residual pectin composition and content on the properties of cellulose nanofibrils from ramie fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Guo F, Yu Z, Cao M, Wang H, Yang R, Yu Y, Salmén L. Why Do Bamboo Parenchyma Cells Show Higher Nanofibrillation Efficiency than Fibers: An Investigation on Their Hierarchical Cell Wall Structure. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4053-4062. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Zuofeng Yu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Mengdan Cao
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Hankun Wang
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Rilong Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
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16
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Rather MA, Dolley A, Hazarika N, Ritse V, Sarma K, Jamir L, Satapathy SS, Ray SK, Deka RC, Biswal AK, Doley R, Mandal M, Namsa ND. Glycome Profiling and Bioprospecting Potential of the Himalayan Buddhist Handmade Paper of Tawang Region of Arunachal Pradesh. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831589. [PMID: 35677250 PMCID: PMC9168884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper and pulp industry (PPI) is one of the largest industries that contribute to the growing economy of the world. While wood remains the primary raw material of the PPIs, the demand for paper has also grown alongside the expanding global population, leading to deforestation and ecological imbalance. Wood-based paper production is associated with enormous utilization of water resources and the release of different wastes and untreated sludge that degrades the quality of the environment and makes it unsafe for living creatures. In line with this, the indigenous handmade paper making from the bark of Daphne papyracea, Wall. ex G. Don by the Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India is considered as a potential alternative to non-wood fiber. This study discusses the species distribution modeling of D. papyracea, community-based production of the paper, and glycome profiling of the paper by plant cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. The algorithms used for ecological and geographical modeling indicated the maximum predictive distribution of the plant toward the western parts of Arunachal Pradesh. It was also found that the suitable distribution of D. papyracea was largely affected by the precipitation and temperature variables. Plant cell walls are primarily made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and glycoproteins. Non-cellulosic cell wall glycans contribute significantly to various physical properties such as density, crystallinity, and tensile strength of plant cell walls. Therefore, a detailed analysis of non-cellulosic cell wall glycan through glycome profiling and glycosyl residue composition analysis is important for the polymeric composition and commercial processing of D. papyracea paper. ELISA-based glycome profiling results demonstrated that major classes of cell wall glycans such as xylan, arabinogalactans, and rhamnogalacturonan-I were present on D. papyracea paper. The presence of these polymers in the Himalayan Buddhist handmade paper of Arunachal Pradesh is correlated with its high tensile strength. The results of this study imply that non-cellulosic cell wall glycans are required for the production of high-quality paper. To summarize, immediate action is required to strengthen the centuries-old practice of handmade paper, which can be achieved through education, workshops, technical know-how, and effective marketing aid to entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Anutee Dolley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Nabajit Hazarika
- Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Vimha Ritse
- Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, India
| | - Kuladip Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Latonglila Jamir
- Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, India
| | - Siddhartha Shankar Satapathy
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
- Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Suvendra Kumar Ray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
- Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Deka
- Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Robin Doley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
- Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Nima D. Namsa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
- Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
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17
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Du J, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Dynamics of pectic homogalacturonan in cellular morphogenesis and adhesion, wall integrity sensing and plant development. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:332-340. [PMID: 35411046 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Homogalacturonan (HG) is the most abundant pectin subtype in plant cell walls. Although it is a linear homopolymer, its modification states allow for complex molecular encoding. HG metabolism affects its structure, chemical properties, mobility and binding capacity, allowing it to interact dynamically with other polymers during wall assembly and remodelling and to facilitate anisotropic cell growth, cell adhesion and separation, and organ morphogenesis. HGs have also recently been found to function as signalling molecules that transmit information about wall integrity to the cell. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the dual functions of HG as a dynamic structural component of the cell wall and an initiator of intrinsic and environmental signalling. We also predict how HG might interconnect the cell wall, plasma membrane and intracellular components with transcriptional networks to regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Engle KA, Amos RA, Yang JY, Glushka J, Atmodjo M, Tan L, Huang C, Moremen KW, Mohnen D. Multiple Arabidopsis galacturonosyltransferases synthesize polymeric homogalacturonan by oligosaccharide acceptor-dependent or de novo synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1441-1456. [PMID: 34908202 PMCID: PMC8976717 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic glycan, functions as a cell wall structural and signaling molecule essential for plant growth, development and response to pathogens. HG exists as a component of pectic homoglycans, heteroglycans and glycoconjugates. HG is synthesized by members of the GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (GAUT) family. UDP-GalA-dependent homogalacturonan:galacturonosyltransferase (HG:GalAT) activity has previously been demonstrated for GAUTs 1, 4 and 11, as well as the GAUT1:GAUT7 complex. Here, we show that GAUTs 10, 13 and 14 are also HG:GalATs and that GAUTs 1, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 1:7 synthesize polymeric HG in vitro. Comparison of the in vitro HG:GalAT specific activities of the heterologously-expressed proteins demonstrates GAUTs 10 and 11 with the lowest, GAUT1 and GAUT13 with moderate, and GAUT14 and the GAUT1:GAUT7 complex with the highest HG:GalAT activity. GAUT13 and GAUT14 are also shown to de novo synthesize (initiate) HG synthesis in the absence of exogenous HG acceptors, an activity previously demonstrated for GAUT1:GAUT7. The rate of de novo HG synthesis by GAUT13 and GAUT14 is similar to their acceptor dependent HG synthesis, in contrast to GAUT1:GAUT7 for which de novo synthesis occurred at much lower rates than acceptor-dependent synthesis. The results suggest a unique role for de novo HG synthesis by GAUTs 13 and 14. The reducing end of GAUT13-de novo-synthesized HG has covalently attached UDP, indicating that UDP-GalA serves as both a donor and acceptor substrate during de novo HG synthesis. The functional significance of unique GAUT HG:GalAT catalytic properties in the synthesis of different pectin glycan or glycoconjugate structures is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. Engle
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Robert A. Amos
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - John Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Melani Atmodjo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Chin Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Biswal AK, Hengge NN, Black IM, Atmodjo MA, Mohanty SS, Ryno D, Himmel ME, Azadi P, Bomble YJ, Mohnen D. Composition and yield of non-cellulosic and cellulosic sugars in soluble and particulate fractions during consolidated bioprocessing of poplar biomass by Clostridium thermocellum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35227303 PMCID: PMC8887089 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terrestrial plant biomass is the primary renewable carbon feedstock for enabling transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by the cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum offers a single step microbial platform for production of biofuels and biochemicals via simultaneous solubilization of carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass and conversion to products. Here, solubilization of cell wall cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides in the liquor and solid residues generated during CBP of poplar biomass by C. thermocellum was analyzed. RESULTS The total amount of biomass solubilized in the C. thermocellum DSM1313 fermentation platform was 5.8, 10.3, and 13.7% of milled non-pretreated poplar after 24, 48, and 120 h, respectively. These results demonstrate solubilization of 24% cellulose and 17% non-cellulosic sugars after 120 h, consistent with prior reports. The net solubilization of non-cellulosic sugars by C. thermocellum (after correcting for the uninoculated control fermentations) was 13 to 36% of arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), and glucose (Glc); and 15% and 3% of fucose and glucuronic acid, respectively. No rhamnose was solubilized and 71% of the galacturonic acid (GalA) was solubilized. These results indicate that C. thermocellum may be selective for the types and/or rate of solubilization of the non-cellulosic wall polymers. Xyl, Man, and Glc were found to accumulate in the fermentation liquor at levels greater than in uninoculated control fermentations, whereas Ara and Gal did not accumulate, suggesting that C. thermocellum solubilizes both hemicelluloses and pectins but utilizes them differently. After five days of fermentation, the relative amount of Rha in the solid residues increased 21% indicating that the Rha-containing polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) was not effectively solubilized by C. thermocellum CBP, a result confirmed by immunoassays. Comparison of the sugars in the liquor versus solid residue showed that C. thermocellum solubilized hemicellulosic xylan and mannan, but did not fully utilize them, solubilized and appeared to utilize pectic homogalacturonan, and did not solubilize RG-I. CONCLUSIONS The significant relative increase in RG-I in poplar solid residues following CBP indicates that C. thermocellum did not solubilize RG-I. These results support the hypothesis that this pectic glycan may be one barrier for efficient solubilization of poplar by C. thermocellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya K. Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Neal N. Hengge
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Ian M. Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Melani A. Atmodjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Sushree S. Mohanty
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - David Ryno
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Yannick J. Bomble
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Yoshida K, Sakamoto S, Mitsuda N. In Planta Cell Wall Engineering: From Mutants to Artificial Cell Walls. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1813-1827. [PMID: 34718770 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the effects of global warming and to preserve the limited fossil fuel resources, an increased exploitation of plant-based materials and fuels is required, which would be one of the most important innovations related to sustainable development. Cell walls account for the majority of plant dry biomass and so is the target of such innovations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in in planta cell wall engineering through genetic manipulations, with a focus on wild-type-based and mutant-based approaches. The long history of using a wild-type-based approach has resulted in the development of many strategies for manipulating lignin, hemicellulose and pectin to decrease cell wall recalcitrance. In addition to enzyme-encoding genes, many transcription factor genes important for changing relevant cell wall characteristics have been identified. Although mutant-based cell wall engineering is relatively new, it has become feasible due to the rapid development of genome-editing technologies and systems biology-related research; we will soon enter an age of designed artificial wood production via complex genetic manipulations of many industrially important trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Yoshida
- Technology Center, Taisei Corporation, Nase-cho 344-1, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0051 Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
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21
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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22
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Ahlawat YK, Nookaraju A, Harman-Ware AE, Doeppke C, Biswal AK, Joshi CP. Genetic Modification of KNAT7 Transcription Factor Expression Enhances Saccharification and Reduces Recalcitrance of Woody Biomass in Poplars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:762067. [PMID: 34795688 PMCID: PMC8594486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.762067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise role of KNAT7 transcription factors (TFs) in regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in poplars has remained unknown, while our understanding of KNAT7 functions in other plants is continuously evolving. To study the impact of genetic modifications of homologous and heterologous KNAT7 gene expression on SCW formation in transgenic poplars, we prepared poplar KNAT7 (PtKNAT7) overexpression (PtKNAT7-OE) and antisense suppression (PtKNAT7-AS) vector constructs for the generation of transgenic poplar lines via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Since the overexpression of homologous genes can sometimes result in co-suppression, we also overexpressed Arabidopsis KNAT7 (AtKNAT7-OE) in transgenic poplars. In all these constructs, the expression of KNAT7 transgenes was driven by developing xylem (DX)-specific promoter, DX15. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 were highly expressed in poplar PtKNAT7-OE and AtKNAT7-OE lines. Yet, no significant increase in lignin content of woody biomass of these transgenic lines was observed. PtKNAT7-AS lines, however, showed reduced expression of many SCW biosynthesis genes downstream of KNAT7 accompanied by a reduction in lignin content of wood compared to WT controls. Syringyl to Guaiacyl lignin (S/G) ratios were significantly increased in all three KNAT7 knockdown and overexpression transgenic lines than WT controls. These transgenic lines were essentially indistinguishable from WT controls in terms of their growth phenotype. Saccharification efficiency of woody biomass was significantly increased in all transgenic lines than WT controls. Overall, our results demonstrated that developing xylem-specific alteration of KNAT7 expression affects the expression of SCW biosynthesis genes, impacting at least the lignification process and improving saccharification efficiency, hence providing one of the powerful tools for improving bioethanol production from woody biomass of bioenergy crops and trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Crissa Doeppke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar P. Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
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23
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Liu Y, Cao S, Liu X, Li Y, Wang B, Sun Y, Zhang C, Guo X, Li H, Lu H. PtrLAC16 plays a key role in catalyzing lignin polymerization in the xylem cell wall of Populus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:983-992. [PMID: 34403677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant laccases have been proposed to participate in lignin biosynthesis. However, there is no direct evidence that individual laccases in Populus can polymerize lignin monomers and alter cell wall structure. Here, a Populus laccase, PtrLAC16, was expressed and purified in a eukaryotic system. Enzymatic analysis of PtrLAC16 showed that it could polymerize lignin monomers in vitro. PtrLAC16 preferred sinapyl alcohol, and this preference is associated with an altered S/G ratio in transgenic Populus lines. PtrLAC16 was localized exclusively in the cell walls of stem vascular tissue, and a reduction in PtrLAC16 expression led to a significant decrease in lignin content and altered cell wall structure. There was a direct correlation between the inhibition of PtrLAC16 expression and structural changes in the stem cell wall of Populus. This study provides direct evidence that PtrLAC16 plays a key role in the polymerization of lignin monomers, especially for sinapyl lignin, and affects the formation of xylem cell walls in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shan Cao
- School of Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xiatong Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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24
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Schultz JA, Coleman HD. Pectin and Xylan Biosynthesis in Poplar: Implications and Opportunities for Biofuels Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712083. [PMID: 34490013 PMCID: PMC8418221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A potential method by which society's reliance on fossil fuels can be lessened is via the large-scale utilization of biofuels derived from the secondary cell walls of woody plants; however, there remain a number of technical challenges to the large-scale production of biofuels. Many of these challenges emerge from the underlying complexity of the secondary cell wall. The challenges associated with lignin have been well explored elsewhere, but the dicot cell wall components of hemicellulose and pectin also present a number of difficulties. Here, we provide an overview of the research wherein pectin and xylan biosynthesis has been altered, along with investigations on the function of irregular xylem 8 (IRX8) and glycosyltransferase 8D (GT8D), genes putatively involved in xylan and pectin synthesis. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the evidence in support of two hypotheses regarding GT8D and conclude that while there is evidence to lend credence to these hypotheses, there are still questions that require further research and examination.
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25
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de Vries L, Guevara-Rozo S, Cho M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Mansfield SD. Tailoring renewable materials via plant biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 34353358 PMCID: PMC8344217 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants inherently display a rich diversity in cell wall chemistry, as they synthesize an array of polysaccharides along with lignin, a polyphenolic that can vary dramatically in subunit composition and interunit linkage complexity. These same cell wall chemical constituents play essential roles in our society, having been isolated by a variety of evolving industrial processes and employed in the production of an array of commodity products to which humans are reliant. However, these polymers are inherently synthesized and intricately packaged into complex structures that facilitate plant survival and adaptation to local biogeoclimatic regions and stresses, not for ease of deconstruction and commercial product development. Herein, we describe evolving techniques and strategies for altering the metabolic pathways related to plant cell wall biosynthesis, and highlight the resulting impact on chemistry, architecture, and polymer interactions. Furthermore, this review illustrates how these unique targeted cell wall modifications could significantly extend the number, diversity, and value of products generated in existing and emerging biorefineries. These modifications can further target the ability for processing of engineered wood into advanced high performance materials. In doing so, we attempt to illuminate the complex connection on how polymer chemistry and structure can be tailored to advance renewable material applications, using all the chemical constituents of plant-derived biopolymers, including pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA
| | - Sydne Guevara-Rozo
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA.
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Wang Z, Yu A, Li F, Xu W, Han B, Cheng X, Liu A. Bulked segregant analysis reveals candidate genes responsible for dwarf formation in woody oilseed crop castor bean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6277. [PMID: 33737619 PMCID: PMC7973431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant dwarfism is a desirable agronomic trait in non-timber trees, but little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism underlying dwarfism in woody plants. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a typical woody oilseed crop. We performed cytological observations within xylem, phloem and cambia tissues, revealing that divergent cell growth in all tissues might play a role in the dwarf phenotype in cultivated castor bean. Based on bulked segregant analyses for a F2 population generated from the crossing of a tall and a dwarf accession, we identified two QTLs associated with plant height, covering 325 candidate genes. One of these, Rc5NG4-1 encoding a putative IAA transport protein localized in the tonoplast was functionally characterized. A non-synonymous SNP (altering the amino acid sequence from Y to C at position 218) differentiated the tall and dwarf plants and we confirmed, through heterologous yeast transformation, that the IAA uptake capacities of Rc5NG4-1Y and Rc5NG4-1C were significantly different. This study provides insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of dwarfing in woody non-timber economically important plants, with potential to aid in the genetic breeding of castor bean and other related crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqing Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anmin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomao Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Harman-Ware AE, Macaya-Sanz D, Abeyratne CR, Doeppke C, Haiby K, Tuskan GA, Stanton B, DiFazio SP, Davis MF. Accurate determination of genotypic variance of cell wall characteristics of a Populus trichocarpa pedigree using high-throughput pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:59. [PMID: 33676543 PMCID: PMC7937246 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) analysis of a pedigree of Populus trichocarpa was performed to study the phenotypic plasticity and heritability of lignin content and lignin monomer composition. Instrumental and microspatial environmental variability were observed in the spectral features and corrected to reveal underlying genetic variance of biomass composition. RESULTS Lignin-derived ions (including m/z 124, 154, 168, 194, 210 and others) were highly impacted by microspatial environmental variation which demonstrates phenotypic plasticity of lignin composition in Populus trichocarpa biomass. Broad-sense heritability of lignin composition after correcting for microspatial and instrumental variation was determined to be H2 = 0.56 based on py-MBMS ions known to derive from lignin. Heritability of lignin monomeric syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G) was H2 = 0.81. Broad-sense heritability was also high (up to H2 = 0.79) for ions derived from other components of the biomass including phenolics (e.g., salicylates) and C5 sugars (e.g., xylose). Lignin and phenolic ion abundances were primarily driven by maternal effects, and paternal effects were either similar or stronger for the most heritable carbohydrate-derived ions. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that many biopolymer-derived ions from py-MBMS show substantial phenotypic plasticity in response to microenvironmental variation in plantations. Nevertheless, broad-sense heritability for biomass composition can be quite high after correcting for spatial environmental variation. This work outlines the importance in accounting for instrumental and microspatial environmental variation in biomass composition data for applications in heritability measurements and genomic selection for breeding poplar for renewable fuels and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - David Macaya-Sanz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | | | - Crissa Doeppke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | | | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | | | - Stephen P DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Mark F Davis
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Gandla ML, Mähler N, Escamez S, Skotare T, Obudulu O, Möller L, Abreu IN, Bygdell J, Hertzberg M, Hvidsten TR, Moritz T, Wingsle G, Trygg J, Tuominen H, Jönsson LJ. Overexpression of vesicle-associated membrane protein PttVAP27-17 as a tool to improve biomass production and the overall saccharification yields in Populus trees. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33593413 PMCID: PMC7885582 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioconversion of wood into bioproducts and biofuels is hindered by the recalcitrance of woody raw material to bioprocesses such as enzymatic saccharification. Targeted modification of the chemical composition of the feedstock can improve saccharification but this gain is often abrogated by concomitant reduction in tree growth. RESULTS In this study, we report on transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) lines that showed potential to increase biomass production both in the greenhouse and after 5 years of growth in the field. The transgenic lines carried an overexpression construct for Populus tremula × tremuloides vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein PttVAP27-17 that was selected from a gene-mining program for novel regulators of wood formation. Analytical-scale enzymatic saccharification without any pretreatment revealed for all greenhouse-grown transgenic lines, compared to the wild type, a 20-44% increase in the glucose yield per dry weight after enzymatic saccharification, even though it was statistically significant only for one line. The glucose yield after enzymatic saccharification with a prior hydrothermal pretreatment step with sulfuric acid was not increased in the greenhouse-grown transgenic trees on a dry-weight basis, but increased by 26-50% when calculated on a whole biomass basis in comparison to the wild-type control. Tendencies to increased glucose yields by up to 24% were present on a whole tree biomass basis after acidic pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification also in the transgenic trees grown for 5 years on the field when compared to the wild-type control. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the usefulness of gene-mining programs to identify novel genes with the potential to improve biofuel production in tree biotechnology programs. Furthermore, multi-omic analyses, including transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses, performed here provide a toolbox for future studies on the function of VAP27 proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sacha Escamez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Skotare
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus Möller
- SweTree Technologies, PO Box 7981, 907 19, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Torgeir R Hvidsten
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Usmani Z, Sharma M, Awasthi AK, Sivakumar N, Lukk T, Pecoraro L, Thakur VK, Roberts D, Newbold J, Gupta VK. Bioprocessing of waste biomass for sustainable product development and minimizing environmental impact. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124548. [PMID: 33380376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns around the generation of biomass waste have triggered conversation around sustainable utilization of these seemingly waste materials as feedstock towards energy generation and production of chemicals and other value-added products. Thus, biotechniques such as utilization of microbes and enzymes derived thereof have become important avenues for green pretreatment and conversion of biomass wastes. Although the products of these bioconversions are greener at an overall level, their consumption and utilization still impact the environment. Hence it is important to understand the overall impact from cradle to grave through lifecycle assessment (LCA) techniques and find avenues of process optimization and better utilization of all the materials and products involved. Another factor to consider is overall cost optimization to make the process economically feasible, profitable and increase industrial adoption. This review brings forward these critical aspects to provide better understanding for the advancement of bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Usmani
- Laboratory of Lignin Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh 173101, India
| | | | - Nallusamy Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tiit Lukk
- Laboratory of Lignin Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Dave Roberts
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - John Newbold
- Dairy Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Dumfries, UK
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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31
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Crowe JD, Hao P, Pattathil S, Pan H, Ding SY, Hodge DB, Jensen JK. Xylan Is Critical for Proper Bundling and Alignment of Cellulose Microfibrils in Plant Secondary Cell Walls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:737690. [PMID: 34630488 PMCID: PMC8495263 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass represents an abundant and increasingly important natural resource and it mainly consists of a number of cell types that have undergone extensive secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. These cell types are abundant in the stems of Arabidopsis, a well-studied model system for hardwood, the wood of eudicot plants. The main constituents of hardwood include cellulose, lignin, and xylan, the latter in the form of glucuronoxylan (GX). The binding of GX to cellulose in the eudicot SCW represents one of the best-understood molecular interactions within plant cell walls. The evenly spaced acetylation and 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) substitutions of the xylan polymer backbone facilitates binding in a linear two-fold screw conformation to the hydrophilic side of cellulose and signifies a high level of molecular specificity. However, the wider implications of GX-cellulose interactions for cellulose network formation and SCW architecture have remained less explored. In this study, we seek to expand our knowledge on this by characterizing the cellulose microfibril organization in three well-characterized GX mutants. The selected mutants display a range of GX deficiency from mild to severe, with findings indicating even the weakest mutant having significant perturbations of the cellulose network, as visualized by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We show by image analysis that microfibril width is increased by as much as three times in the severe mutants compared to the wild type and that the degree of directional dispersion of the fibrils is approximately doubled in all the three mutants. Further, we find that these changes correlate with both altered nanomechanical properties of the SCW, as observed by AFM, and with increases in enzymatic hydrolysis. Results from this study indicate the critical role that normal GX composition has on cellulose bundle formation and cellulose organization as a whole within the SCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Crowe
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Pengchao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Henry Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David B. Hodge
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Jacob Krüger Jensen
- Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jacob Krüger Jensen
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32
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Bryant ND, Pu Y, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Kalluri UC, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. Transgenic Poplar Designed for Biofuels. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:881-896. [PMID: 32482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Populus (i.e., cottonwood, hybrid poplar) represent a promising source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels. However, one of the major factors negatively affecting poplar's efficient conversion to biofuel is the inherent recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification due to cell wall components such as lignin. To this effect, there have been efforts to modify gene expression to reduce biomass recalcitrance by changing cell wall properties. Here, we review recent genetic modifications of poplar that led to change cell wall properties and the resulting effects on subsequent pretreatment efficacy and saccharification. Although genetic engineering's impacts on cell wall properties are not fully predictable, recent studies have shown promising improvement in the biological conversion of transgenic poplar to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C Kalluri
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Han X, An Y, Zhou Y, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. Comparative transcriptome analyses define genes and gene modules differing between two Populus genotypes with contrasting stem growth rates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:139. [PMID: 32782475 PMCID: PMC7415184 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wood provides an important biomass resource for biofuel production around the world. The radial growth of tree stems is central to biomass production for forestry and biofuels, but it is challenging to dissect genetically because it is a complex trait influenced by many genes. In this study, we adopted methods of physiology, transcriptomics and genetics to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of tree radial growth and wood development. RESULTS Physiological comparison showed that two Populus genotypes presented different rates of radial growth of stems and accumulation of woody biomass. A comparative transcriptional network approach was used to define and characterize functional differences between two Populus genotypes. Analyses of transcript profiles from wood-forming tissue of the two genotypes showed that 1542, 2295 and 2110 genes were differentially expressed in the pre-growth, fast-growth and post-growth stages, respectively. The co-expression analyses identified modules of co-expressed genes that displayed distinct expression profiles. Modules were further characterized by correlating transcript levels with genotypes and physiological traits. The results showed enrichment of genes that participated in cell cycle and division, whose expression change was consistent with the variation of radial growth rates. Genes related to secondary vascular development were up-regulated in the faster-growing genotype in the pre-growth stage. We characterized a BEL1-like (BELL) transcription factor, PeuBELL15, which was up-regulated in the faster-growing genotype. Analyses of transgenic Populus overexpressing as well as CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants for BELL15 showed that PeuBELL15 improved accumulation of glucan and lignin, and it promoted secondary vascular growth by regulating the expression of genes relevant for cellulose synthases and lignin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated that active division and expansion of vascular cambium cells and secondary cell wall deposition of xylem cells contribute to stem radial increment and biomass accumulation, and it identified relevant genes for these complex growth traits, including a BELL transcription factor gene PeuBELL15. This provides genetic resources for improving and breeding elite genotypes with fast growth and high wood biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yi An
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Vidyagina EO, Subbotina NM, Belyi VA, Lebedev VG, Krutovsky KV, Shestibratov KA. Various effects of the expression of the xyloglucanase gene from Penicillium canescens in transgenic aspen under semi-natural conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:251. [PMID: 32493269 PMCID: PMC7268456 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant carbohydrases genes are used to produce transgenic woody plants with improved phenotypic traits. However, cultivation of such plants in open field is challenging due to a number of problems. Therefore, additional research is needed to alleviate them. RESULTS Results of successful cultivation of the transgenic aspens (Populus tremula) carrying the recombinant xyloglucanase gene (sp-Xeg) from Penicillium canescens in semi-natural conditions are reported in this paper for the first time. Change of carbohydrate composition of wood was observed in transgenic aspens carrying the sp-Xeg gene. The transformed transgenic line Xeg-2-1b demonstrated accelerated growth and increased content of cellulose in wood of trees growing in both greenhouse and outside in comparison with the control untransformed line Pt. The accelerated growth was observed also in the transgenic line Xeg-1-1c. Thicker cell-wall and longer xylem fiber were also observed in both these transgenic lines. Undescribed earlier considerable reduction in the wood decomposition rate of the transgenic aspen stems was also revealed for the transformed transgenic lines. The decomposition rate was approximately twice as lower for the transgenic line Xeg-2-3b in comparison with the control untransformed line Pt. CONCLUSION A direct dependence of the phenotypic and biochemical traits on the expression of the recombinant gene sp-Xeg was demonstrated. The higher was the level of the sp-Xeg gene expression, the more pronounced were changes in the phenotypic and biochemical traits. All lines showed phenotypic changes in the leave traits. Our results showed that the plants carrying the recombinant sp-Xeg gene do not demonstrate a decrease in growth parameters in semi-natural conditions. In some transgenic lines, a change in the carbohydrate composition of the wood, an increase in the cell wall thickness, and a decrease in the rate of decomposition of wood were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Vidyagina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Natalia M. Subbotina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Vladimir A. Belyi
- Institute of Сhemistry, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Komi, Pervomaiskaya Str. 48, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation 167000
| | - Vadim G. Lebedev
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Konstantin V. Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, George-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, George-August University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
- Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genomic Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Akademgorodok 50a/2, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 660036
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2138 USA
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino, Russian Federation 142290
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The Homogalacturonan Deconstruction System of Paenibacillus amylolyticus 27C64 Requires No Extracellular Pectin Methylesterase and Has Significant Industrial Potential. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02275-19. [PMID: 32303547 PMCID: PMC7267202 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02275-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is an important structural polysaccharide found in most plant cell walls. In the environment, pectin degradation is part of the decomposition process that turns over dead plant material and is important to organisms that feed on plants. Industrially, pectinases are used to improve the quality of fruit juices and can also be used to process coffee cherries or tea leaves. These enzymes may also prove useful in reducing the environmental impact of paper and cotton manufacturing. This work is significant because it focuses on a Gram-positive bacterium that is evolutionarily distinct from other well-studied pectin-degrading organisms and differs from known systems in key ways. Most importantly, a simplified extracellular deconstruction process in this organism is able to break down pectins without first removing the methyl groups that inhibit other systems. Moreover, some of the enzymes described here have the potential to improve industrial processes that rely on pectin deconstruction. Paenibacillus amylolyticus 27C64, a Gram-positive bacterium with diverse plant cell wall polysaccharide deconstruction capabilities, was isolated previously from an insect hindgut. Previous work suggested that this organism’s pectin deconstruction system differs from known systems in that its sole pectin methylesterase is cytoplasmic, not extracellular. In this work, we have characterized the specific roles of key extracellular pectinases involved in homogalacturonan deconstruction, including four pectate lyases and one pectin lyase. We show that one newly characterized pectate lyase, PelC, has a novel substrate specificity, with a lower Km for highly methylated pectins than for polygalacturonic acid. PelC works synergistically with PelB, a high-turnover exo-pectate lyase that releases Δ4,5-unsaturated trigalacturonate as its major product. It is likely that PelC frees internal stretches of demethylated homogalacturonan which PelB can degrade. We also show that the sole pectin lyase has a high kcat value and rapidly depolymerizes methylated substrates. Three cytoplasmic GH105 hydrolases were screened for the ability to remove terminal unsaturated galacturonic acid residues from oligogalacturonide products produced by the action of extracellular lyases, and we found that two are active on demethylated oligogalacturonides. This work confirms that efficient homogalacturonan deconstruction in P. amylolyticus 27C65 does not require extracellular pectin methylesterase activity. Three of the extracellular lyases studied in this work are also thermostable, function well over a broad pH range, and have significant industrial potential. IMPORTANCE Pectin is an important structural polysaccharide found in most plant cell walls. In the environment, pectin degradation is part of the decomposition process that turns over dead plant material and is important to organisms that feed on plants. Industrially, pectinases are used to improve the quality of fruit juices and can also be used to process coffee cherries or tea leaves. These enzymes may also prove useful in reducing the environmental impact of paper and cotton manufacturing. This work is significant because it focuses on a Gram-positive bacterium that is evolutionarily distinct from other well-studied pectin-degrading organisms and differs from known systems in key ways. Most importantly, a simplified extracellular deconstruction process in this organism is able to break down pectins without first removing the methyl groups that inhibit other systems. Moreover, some of the enzymes described here have the potential to improve industrial processes that rely on pectin deconstruction.
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Yang H, Benatti MR, Karve RA, Fox A, Meilan R, Carpita NC, McCann MC. Rhamnogalacturonan-I is a determinant of cell-cell adhesion in poplar wood. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1027-1040. [PMID: 31584248 PMCID: PMC7061878 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of cell-cell adhesion in woody tissues is not known. Xylem cells in wood particles of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba cv. INRA 717-1B4) were separated by oxidation of lignin with acidic sodium chlorite when combined with extraction of xylan and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) using either dilute alkali or a combination of xylanase and RG-lyase. Acidic chlorite followed by dilute alkali treatment enables cell-cell separation by removing material from the compound middle lamellae between the primary walls. Although lignin is known to contribute to adhesion between wood cells, we found that removing lignin is a necessary but not sufficient condition to effect complete cell-cell separation in poplar lines with various ratios of syringyl:guaiacyl lignin. Transgenic poplar lines expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding an RG-lyase (AtRGIL6) showed enhanced cell-cell separation, increased accessibility of cellulose and xylan to hydrolytic enzyme activities, and increased fragmentation of intact wood particles into small cell clusters and single cells under mechanical stress. Our results indicate a novel function for RG-I, and also for xylan, as determinants of cell-cell adhesion in poplar wood cell walls. Genetic control of RG-I content provides a new strategy to increase catalyst accessibility and saccharification yields from woody biomass for biofuels and industrial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yang
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Rucha A. Karve
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Arizona Fox
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Present address:
Arcadis U.S., Inc150 West Market St., Suite 728IndianapolisIN46204USA
| | - Richard Meilan
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Nicholas C. Carpita
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyWest LafayetteINUSA
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Maureen C. McCann
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Purdue Center for Plant BiologyWest LafayetteINUSA
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Brandon AG, Scheller HV. Engineering of Bioenergy Crops: Dominant Genetic Approaches to Improve Polysaccharide Properties and Composition in Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32218797 PMCID: PMC7078332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, sustainable production of lignocellulosic bioenergy from biomass will depend on a variety of dedicated bioenergy crops. Despite their great genetic diversity, prospective bioenergy crops share many similarities in the polysaccharide composition of their cell walls, and the changes needed to optimize them for conversion are largely universal. Therefore, biomass modification strategies that do not depend on genetic background or require mutant varieties are extremely valuable. Due to their preferential fermentation and conversion by microorganisms downstream, the ideal bioenergy crop should contain a high proportion of C6-sugars in polysaccharides like cellulose, callose, galactan, and mixed-linkage glucans. In addition, the biomass should be reduced in inhibitors of fermentation like pentoses and acetate. Finally, the overall complexity of the plant cell wall should be modified to reduce its recalcitrance to enzymatic deconstruction in ways that do no compromise plant health or come at a yield penalty. This review will focus on progress in the use of a variety of genetically dominant strategies to reach these ideals. Due to the breadth and volume of research in the field of lignin bioengineering, this review will instead focus on approaches to improve polysaccharide component plant biomass. Carbohydrate content can be dramatically increased by transgenic overexpression of enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, the recalcitrance of the cell wall can be reduced via the overexpression of native or non-native carbohydrate active enzymes like glycosyl hydrolases or carbohydrate esterases. Some research in this area has focused on engineering plants that accumulate cell wall-degrading enzymes that are sequestered to organelles or only active at very high temperatures. The rationale being that, in order to avoid potential negative effects of cell wall modification during plant growth, the enzymes could be activated post-harvest, and post-maturation of the cell wall. A potentially significant limitation of this approach is that at harvest, the cell wall is heavily lignified, making the substrates for these enzymes inaccessible and their activity ineffective. Therefore, this review will only include research employing enzymes that are at least partially active under the ambient conditions of plant growth and cell wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Brandon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Zhang J, Xie M, Li M, Ding J, Pu Y, Bryan AC, Rottmann W, Winkeler KA, Collins CM, Singan V, Lindquist EA, Jawdy SS, Gunter LE, Engle NL, Yang X, Barry K, Tschaplinski TJ, Schmutz J, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen J. Overexpression of a Prefoldin β subunit gene reduces biomass recalcitrance in the bioenergy crop Populus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:859-871. [PMID: 31498543 PMCID: PMC7004918 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Prefoldin (PFD) is a group II chaperonin that is ubiquitously present in the eukaryotic kingdom. Six subunits (PFD1-6) form a jellyfish-like heterohexameric PFD complex and function in protein folding and cytoskeleton organization. However, little is known about its function in plant cell wall-related processes. Here, we report the functional characterization of a PFD gene from Populus deltoides, designated as PdPFD2.2. There are two copies of PFD2 in Populus, and PdPFD2.2 was ubiquitously expressed with high transcript abundance in the cambial region. PdPFD2.2 can physically interact with DELLA protein RGA1_8g, and its subcellular localization is affected by the interaction. In P. deltoides transgenic plants overexpressing PdPFD2.2, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio was increased, but cellulose content and crystallinity index were unchanged. In addition, the total released sugar (glucose and xylose) amounts were increased by 7.6% and 6.1%, respectively, in two transgenic lines. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that secondary metabolic pathways, including lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis, were affected by overexpressing PdPFD2.2. A total of eight hub transcription factors (TFs) were identified based on TF binding sites of differentially expressed genes in Populus transgenic plants overexpressing PdPFD2.2. In addition, several known cell wall-related TFs, such as MYB3, MYB4, MYB7, TT8 and XND1, were affected by overexpression of PdPFD2.2. These results suggest that overexpression of PdPFD2.2 can reduce biomass recalcitrance and PdPFD2.2 is a promising target for genetic engineering to improve feedstock characteristics to enhance biofuel conversion and reduce the cost of lignocellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Meng Xie
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Mi Li
- Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Jinhua Ding
- Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
- College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Vasanth Singan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteWalnut CreekCAUSA
| | | | - Sara S. Jawdy
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Lee E. Gunter
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteWalnut CreekCAUSA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteWalnut CreekCAUSA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleALUSA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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Galbe M, Wallberg O. Pretreatment for biorefineries: a review of common methods for efficient utilisation of lignocellulosic materials. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:294. [PMID: 31890022 PMCID: PMC6927169 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials as an alternative to fossil-based refineries calls for efficient methods for fractionation and recovery of the products. The focus for the biorefinery concept for utilisation of biomass has shifted, from design of more or less energy-driven biorefineries, to much more versatile facilities where chemicals and energy carriers can be produced. The sugar-based biorefinery platform requires pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, which can be very recalcitrant, to improve further processing through enzymatic hydrolysis, and for other downstream unit operations. This review summarises the development in the field of pretreatment (and to some extent, of fractionation) of various lignocellulosic materials. The number of publications indicates that biomass pretreatment plays a very important role for the biorefinery concept to be realised in full scale. The traditional pretreatment methods, for example, steam pretreatment (explosion), organosolv and hydrothermal treatment are covered in the review. In addition, the rapidly increasing interest for chemical treatment employing ionic liquids and deep-eutectic solvents are discussed and reviewed. It can be concluded that the huge variation of lignocellulosic materials makes it difficult to find a general process design for a biorefinery. Therefore, it is difficult to define "the best pretreatment" method. In the end, this depends on the proposed application, and any recommendation of a suitable pretreatment method must be based on a thorough techno-economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Galbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Kumar V, Hainaut M, Delhomme N, Mannapperuma C, Immerzeel P, Street NR, Henrissat B, Mellerowicz EJ. Poplar carbohydrate-active enzymes: whole-genome annotation and functional analyses based on RNA expression data. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:589-609. [PMID: 31111606 PMCID: PMC6852159 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) catalyze the formation and modification of glycoproteins, glycolipids, starch, secondary metabolites and cell wall biopolymers. They are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of food and renewable biomass. Woody biomass is particularly important for long-term carbon storage and as an abundant renewable natural resource for many industrial applications. This study presents a re-annotation of CAZyme genes in the current Populus trichocarpa genome assembly and in silico functional characterization, based on high-resolution RNA-Seq data sets. Altogether, 1914 CAZyme and expansin genes were annotated in 101 families. About 1797 of these genes were found expressed in at least one Populus organ. We identified genes involved in the biosynthesis of different cell wall polymers and their paralogs. Whereas similar families exist in poplar and Arabidopsis thaliana (with the exception of CBM13 found only in poplar), a few families had significantly different copy numbers between the two species. To identify the transcriptional coordination and functional relatedness within the CAZymes and other proteins, we performed co-expression network analysis of CAZymes in wood-forming tissues using the AspWood database (http://aspwood.popgenie.org/aspwood-v3.0/) for Populus tremula. This provided an overview of the transcriptional changes in CAZymes during the transition from primary to secondary wall formation, and the clustering of transcripts into potential regulons. Candidate enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides were identified along with many tissue-specific uncharacterized genes and transcription factors. These collections offer a rich source of targets for the modification of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and other developmental processes in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Umeå Plant Science CenterDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
| | - Matthieu Hainaut
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules BiologiquesCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Aix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- INRAUSC 1408 AFMBMarseilleFrance
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science CenterDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
| | | | - Peter Immerzeel
- Umeå Plant Science CenterDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
- Chemical EngineeringKarlstad UniversityKarlstad65188Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R. Street
- Umeå Plant Science CenterPlant Physiology DepartmentUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules BiologiquesCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Aix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- INRAUSC 1408 AFMBMarseilleFrance
| | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science CenterDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
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Chhetri HB, Macaya-Sanz D, Kainer D, Biswal AK, Evans LM, Chen JG, Collins C, Hunt K, Mohanty SS, Rosenstiel T, Ryno D, Winkeler K, Yang X, Jacobson D, Mohnen D, Muchero W, Strauss SH, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP. Multitrait genome-wide association analysis of Populus trichocarpa identifies key polymorphisms controlling morphological and physiological traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:293-309. [PMID: 30843213 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have great promise for identifying the loci that contribute to adaptive variation, but the complex genetic architecture of many quantitative traits presents a substantial challenge. We measured 14 morphological and physiological traits and identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-phenotype associations in a Populus trichocarpa population distributed from California, USA to British Columbia, Canada. We used whole-genome resequencing data of 882 trees with more than 6.78 million SNPs, coupled with multitrait association to detect polymorphisms with potentially pleiotropic effects. Candidate genes were validated with functional data. Broad-sense heritability (H2 ) ranged from 0.30 to 0.56 for morphological traits and 0.08 to 0.36 for physiological traits. In total, 4 and 20 gene models were detected using the single-trait and multitrait association methods, respectively. Several of these associations were corroborated by additional lines of evidence, including co-expression networks, metabolite analyses, and direct confirmation of gene function through RNAi. Multitrait association identified many more significant associations than single-trait association, potentially revealing pleiotropic effects of individual genes. This approach can be particularly useful for challenging physiological traits such as water-use efficiency or complex traits such as leaf morphology, for which we were able to identify credible candidate genes by combining multitrait association with gene co-expression and co-methylation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B Chhetri
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - David Macaya-Sanz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - David Kainer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ajaya K Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Luke M Evans
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Hunt
- ArborGen, Inc., 2011 Broadbank Ct., Ridgeville, SC, 29472, USA
| | - Sushree S Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Todd Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - David Ryno
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kim Winkeler
- ArborGen, Inc., 2011 Broadbank Ct., Ridgeville, SC, 29472, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stephen P DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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Wierzbicki MP, Maloney V, Mizrachi E, Myburg AA. Xylan in the Middle: Understanding Xylan Biosynthesis and Its Metabolic Dependencies Toward Improving Wood Fiber for Industrial Processing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 30858858 PMCID: PMC6397879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, encompassing cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in plant secondary cell walls (SCWs), is the most abundant source of renewable materials on earth. Currently, fast-growing woody dicots such as Eucalyptus and Populus trees are major lignocellulosic (wood fiber) feedstocks for bioproducts such as pulp, paper, cellulose, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. Processing wood for these products entails separating the biomass into its three main components as efficiently as possible without compromising yield. Glucuronoxylan (xylan), the main hemicellulose present in the SCWs of hardwood trees carries chemical modifications that are associated with SCW composition and ultrastructure, and affect the recalcitrance of woody biomass to industrial processing. In this review we highlight the importance of xylan properties for industrial wood fiber processing and how gaining a greater understanding of xylan biosynthesis, specifically xylan modification, could yield novel biotechnology approaches to reduce recalcitrance or introduce novel processing traits. Altering xylan modification patterns has recently become a focus of plant SCW studies due to early findings that altered modification patterns can yield beneficial biomass processing traits. Additionally, it has been noted that plants with altered xylan composition display metabolic differences linked to changes in precursor usage. We explore the possibility of using systems biology and systems genetics approaches to gain insight into the coordination of SCW formation with other interdependent biological processes. Acetyl-CoA, s-adenosylmethionine and nucleotide sugars are precursors needed for xylan modification, however, the pathways which produce metabolic pools during different stages of fiber cell wall formation still have to be identified and their co-regulation during SCW formation elucidated. The crucial dependence on precursor metabolism provides an opportunity to alter xylan modification patterns through metabolic engineering of one or more of these interdependent pathways. The complexity of xylan biosynthesis and modification is currently a stumbling point, but it may provide new avenues for woody biomass engineering that are not possible for other biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Li M, Yoo CG, Pu Y, Biswal AK, Tolbert AK, Mohnen D, Ragauskas AJ. Downregulation of pectin biosynthesis gene GAUT4 leads to reduced ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate cross-linking in switchgrass. Commun Biol 2019; 2:22. [PMID: 30675520 PMCID: PMC6336719 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockdown (KD) expression of GAlactUronosylTransferase 4 (GAUT4) in switchgrass improves sugar yield and ethanol production from the biomass. The reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD transgenic biomass is associated with reduced cell wall pectic homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan II content and cross-linking, and the associated increases in accessibility of cellulose to enzymatic deconstruction. To further probe the molecular basis for the reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD biomass, potential recalcitrance-related factors including the physicochemical properties of lignin and hemicellulose are investigated. We show that the transgenic switchgrass have a lower abundance of ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate complex cross-linkages, reduced amounts of residual arabinan and xylan in lignin-enriched fractions after enzymatic hydrolysis, and greater coalescence and migration of lignin after hydrothermal pretreatment in comparison to the wild-type switchgrass control. The results reveal the roles of both decreased lignin-polymer and pectin cross-links in the reduction of recalcitrance in PvGAUT4-KD switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Present Address: Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210-2781 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Allison K. Tolbert
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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Holwerda EK, Worthen RS, Kothari N, Lasky RC, Davison BH, Fu C, Wang ZY, Dixon RA, Biswal AK, Mohnen D, Nelson RS, Baxter HL, Mazarei M, Muchero W, Tuskan GA, Cai CM, Gjersing EE, Davis MF, Himmel ME, Wyman CE, Gilna P, Lynd LR. Multiple levers for overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:15. [PMID: 30675183 PMCID: PMC6335785 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass is widely recognized as a key barrier to cost-effective biological processing to fuels and chemicals, but the relative impacts of physical, chemical and genetic interventions to improve biomass processing singly and in combination have yet to be evaluated systematically. Solubilization of plant cell walls can be enhanced by non-biological augmentation including physical cotreatment and thermochemical pretreatment, the choice of biocatalyst, the choice of plant feedstock, genetic engineering of plants, and choosing feedstocks that are less recalcitrant natural variants. A two-tiered combinatoric investigation of lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction was undertaken with three biocatalysts (Clostridium thermocellum, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, Novozymes Cellic® Ctec2 and Htec2), three transgenic switchgrass plant lines (COMT, MYB4, GAUT4) and their respective nontransgenic controls, two Populus natural variants, and augmentation of biological attack using either mechanical cotreatment or cosolvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) pretreatment. RESULTS In the absence of augmentation and under the conditions tested, increased total carbohydrate solubilization (TCS) was observed for 8 of the 9 combinations of switchgrass modifications and biocatalysts tested, and statistically significant for five of the combinations. Our results indicate that recalcitrance is not a trait determined by the feedstock only, but instead is coequally determined by the choice of biocatalyst. TCS with C. thermocellum was significantly higher than with the other two biocatalysts. Both CELF pretreatment and cotreatment via continuous ball milling enabled TCS in excess of 90%. CONCLUSION Based on our results as well as literature studies, it appears that some form of non-biological augmentation will likely be necessary for the foreseeable future to achieve high TCS for most cellulosic feedstocks. However, our results show that this need not necessarily involve thermochemical processing, and need not necessarily occur prior to biological conversion. Under the conditions tested, the relative magnitude of TCS increase was augmentation > biocatalyst choice > plant choice > plant modification > plant natural variants. In the presence of augmentation, plant modification, plant natural variation, and plant choice exhibited a small, statistically non-significant impact on TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert K. Holwerda
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering drive, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Robert S. Worthen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering drive, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Ninad Kothari
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Ronald C. Lasky
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering drive, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Brian H. Davison
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Genomics Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Genomics Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Richard S. Nelson
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Genomics Division, Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Holly L. Baxter
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Charles M. Cai
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Erica E. Gjersing
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Bioenergy Science and Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Mark F. Davis
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Bioenergy Science and Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Bioenergy Science and Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Charles E. Wyman
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Paul Gilna
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Lee R. Lynd
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering drive, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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45
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Andrade LM, Peixoto-Junior RF, Ribeiro RV, Nóbile PM, Brito MS, Marchiori PER, Carlin SD, Martins APB, Goldman MHS, Llerena JPP, Fregonesi C, Perecin D, Nebó JFCDO, Figueira A, Benatti TR, da Silva J, Mazzafera P, Creste S. Biomass Accumulation and Cell Wall Structure of Rice Plants Overexpressing a Dirigent-Jacalin of Sugarcane ( ShDJ) Under Varying Conditions of Water Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30815002 PMCID: PMC6381051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A sugarcane gene encoding a dirigent-jacalin, ShDJ, was induced under drought stress. To elucidate its biological function, we integrated a ShDJ-overexpression construction into the rice Nipponbare genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two transgenic lines with a single copy gene in T0 were selected and evaluated in both the T1 and T4 generations. Transgenic lines had drastically improved survival rate under water deficit conditions, at rates close to 100%, while WT did not survive. Besides, transgenic lines had improved biomass production and higher tillering under water deficit conditions compared with WT plants. Reduced pectin and hemicellulose contents were observed in transgenic lines compared with wild-type plants under both well-watered and water deficit conditions, whereas cellulose content was unchanged in line #17 and reduced in line #29 under conditions of low water availability. Changes in lignin content under water deficit were only observed in line #17. However, improvements in saccharification were found in both transgenic lines along with changes in the expression of OsNTS1/2 and OsMYB58/63 secondary cell wall biosynthesis genes. ShDJ-overexpression up-regulated the expression of the OsbZIP23, OsGRAS23, OsP5CS, and OsLea3 genes in rice stems under well-watered conditions. Taken together, our data suggest that ShDJ has the potential for improving drought tolerance, plant biomass accumulation, and saccharification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Mara Andrade
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- PPG - Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fávero Peixoto-Junior
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- PPG - Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael Santos Brito
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Palma Boer Martins
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- PPG - Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dilermando Perecin
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge da Silva
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro de Cana, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Silvana Creste,
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46
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Mahon EL, Mansfield SD. Tailor-made trees: engineering lignin for ease of processing and tomorrow's bioeconomy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 56:147-155. [PMID: 30529238 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant source of cellulosic fibres and fermentable sugars. However, lignin, a polyphenolic constituent of secondary-thickened plant cell walls significantly contributes to biomass recalcitrance during industrial processing. Efforts to reduce plant total lignin content through genetic engineering have improved processing efficiency, but often incur an agronomic penalty. Alternatively, modifications that alter the composition of lignin and/or its interaction with other cell wall polymers display improved processing efficiency without compromising biomass yield. We propose that future efforts to improve woody feedstocks should focus on altering lignin composition and cell wall ultrastructure. Here, we describe potential future modifications to lignin and/or other cell wall characteristics that may serve as strategic targets in the production of trees that are tailor-made for specific pretreatments and end-product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Mahon
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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47
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Badmi R, Payyavula RS, Bali G, Guo HB, Jawdy SS, Gunter LE, Yang X, Winkeler KA, Collins C, Rottmann WH, Yee K, Rodriguez M, Sykes RW, Decker SR, Davis MF, Ragauskas AJ, Tuskan GA, Kalluri UC. A New Calmodulin-Binding Protein Expresses in the Context of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Impacts Biomass Properties in Populus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1669. [PMID: 30568662 PMCID: PMC6290091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A greater understanding of biosynthesis, signaling and regulatory pathways involved in determining stem growth and secondary cell wall chemistry is important for enabling pathway engineering and genetic optimization of biomass properties. The present study describes a new functional role of PdIQD10, a Populus gene belonging to the IQ67-Domain1 family of IQD genes, in impacting biomass formation and chemistry. Expression studies showed that PdIQD10 has enhanced expression in developing xylem and tension-stressed tissues in Populus deltoides. Molecular dynamics simulation and yeast two-hybrid interaction experiments suggest interactions with two calmodulin proteins, CaM247 and CaM014, supporting the sequence-predicted functional role of the PdIQD10 as a calmodulin-binding protein. PdIQD10 was found to interact with specific Populus isoforms of the Kinesin Light Chain protein family, shown previously to function as microtubule-guided, cargo binding and delivery proteins in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization studies showed that PdIQD10 localizes in the nucleus and plasma membrane regions. Promoter-binding assays suggest that a known master transcriptional regulator of secondary cell wall biosynthesis (PdWND1B) may be upstream of an HD-ZIP III gene that is in turn upstream of PdIQD10 gene in the transcriptional network. RNAi-mediated downregulation of PdIQD10 expression resulted in plants with altered biomass properties including higher cellulose, wall glucose content and greater biomass quantity. These results present evidence in support of a new functional role for an IQD gene family member, PdIQD10, in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and biomass formation in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Badmi
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Raja S. Payyavula
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Garima Bali
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hao-Bo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Lee E. Gunter
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Yee
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Stephen R. Decker
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Mark F. Davis
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Paenibacillus amylolyticus 27C64 has a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes and complete pectin deconstruction system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 46:1-11. [PMID: 30377865 PMCID: PMC6339884 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A draft genome of Paenibacillus amylolyticus 27C64 was assembled and a total of 314 putative CAZymes in 108 different families were identified. Comparison to well-studied polysaccharide-degrading organisms revealed that P. amylolyticus 27C64 has as many or more putative CAZymes than most of these organisms. Four different pectic substrates and xylan supported growth but cellulose was not utilized. Measurement of enzyme activities in culture supernatants revealed low levels of cellulase activity, high levels of xylanase activity, and pectinase activities that adapted to the specific polysaccharides provided. Relative expression levels of each putative pectinase in cells grown with and without three different pectic substrates were evaluated with RT-qPCR and distinct sets of genes upregulated in response to homogalacturonan, methylated homogalacturonan, and rhamnogalacturonan I were identified. It is also noted that this organism's pectinolytic system differs from other well-studied systems and contains enzymes which are of value for further study.
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49
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Yan J, Liu Y, Wang K, Li D, Hu Q, Zhang W. Overexpression of OsPIL1 enhanced biomass yield and saccharification efficiency in switchgrass. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:143-151. [PMID: 30348312 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a herbaceous cellulosic biofuel plant with broad adaptability. However, the intrinsic recalcitrance of biomass and limited land for switchgrass planting hinder its utilization as feedstock for biofuel ethanol production. The OsPIL1 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1) gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Its expression is induced by light, which facilitated the expression of cell wall-related genes, promoted cell elongation and resulted in longer internode in rice. Here, we introduced the OsPIL1 gene into switchgrass by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the aim of improving biomass yield of transgenic switchgrass plants. The transgenic plants were verified by PCR, Southern-blotting, RT-PCR and qRT-PCR tests, respectively. The transgenic plants overexpression of OsPIL1 showed increased plant height and biomass yield. Microscopy analysis showed that the length of epidermal cells of transgenic plants was longer than that of wild type. OsPIL1 overexpressed transgenic switchgrass plants also released more soluble sugar after enzymatic hydrolysis, indicating improved saccharification efficiency. The results suggest OsPIL1 can be used as a useful molecular tool in improving plant biomass and saccharification efficiency with the purpose of plant fiber biofuel ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Qingquan Hu
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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50
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Analytical Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Conversion to Biofuels and Bio-Based Chemicals. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic feedstocks are an important resource for biorefining of renewables to bio-based fuels, chemicals, and materials. Relevant feedstocks include energy crops, residues from agriculture and forestry, and agro-industrial and forest-industrial residues. The feedstocks differ with respect to their recalcitrance to bioconversion through pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, which will produce sugars that can be further converted to advanced biofuels and other products through microbial fermentation processes. In analytical enzymatic saccharification, the susceptibility of lignocellulosic samples to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification is assessed in analytical scale using high-throughput or semi-automated techniques. This type of analysis is particularly relevant for screening of large collections of natural or transgenic varieties of plants that are dedicated to production of biofuels or other bio-based chemicals. In combination with studies of plant physiology and cell wall chemistry, analytical enzymatic saccharification can provide information about the fundamental reasons behind lignocellulose recalcitrance as well as about the potential of collections of plants or different fractions of plants for industrial biorefining. This review is focused on techniques used by researchers for screening the susceptibility of plants to pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, and advantages and disadvantages that are associated with different approaches.
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