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Ravn JL, Manfrão-Netto JHC, Schaubeder JB, Torello Pianale L, Spirk S, Ciklic IF, Geijer C. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for targeted hydrolysis and fermentation of glucuronoxylan through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:85. [PMID: 38493086 PMCID: PMC10943827 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abundance of glucuronoxylan (GX) in agricultural and forestry residual side streams positions it as a promising feedstock for microbial conversion into valuable compounds. By engineering strains of the widely employed cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ability to directly hydrolyze and ferment GX polymers, we can avoid the need for harsh chemical pretreatments and costly enzymatic hydrolysis steps prior to fermentation. However, for an economically viable bioproduction process, the engineered strains must efficiently express and secrete enzymes that act in synergy to hydrolyze the targeted polymers. RESULTS The aim of this study was to equip the xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain CEN.PK XXX with xylanolytic enzymes targeting beechwood GX. Using a targeted enzyme approach, we matched hydrolytic enzyme activities to the chemical features of the GX substrate and determined that besides endo-1,4-β-xylanase and β-xylosidase activities, α-methyl-glucuronidase activity was of great importance for GX hydrolysis and yeast growth. We also created a library of strains expressing different combinations of enzymes, and screened for yeast strains that could express and secrete the enzymes and metabolize the GX hydrolysis products efficiently. While strains engineered with BmXyn11A xylanase and XylA β-xylosidase could grow relatively well in beechwood GX, strains further engineered with Agu115 α-methyl-glucuronidase did not display an additional growth benefit, likely due to inefficient expression and secretion of this enzyme. Co-cultures of strains expressing complementary enzymes as well as external enzyme supplementation boosted yeast growth and ethanol fermentation of GX, and ethanol titers reached a maximum of 1.33 g L- 1 after 48 h under oxygen limited condition in bioreactor fermentations. CONCLUSION This work underscored the importance of identifying an optimal enzyme combination for successful engineering of S. cerevisiae strains that can hydrolyze and assimilate GX. The enzymes must exhibit high and balanced activities, be compatible with the yeast's expression and secretion system, and the nature of the hydrolysis products must be such that they can be taken up and metabolized by the yeast. The engineered strains, particularly when co-cultivated, display robust growth and fermentation of GX, and represent a significant step forward towards a sustainable and cost-effective bioprocessing of GX-rich biomass. They also provide valuable insights for future strain and process development targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Ravn
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden.
| | - João H C Manfrão-Netto
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jana B Schaubeder
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Luca Torello Pianale
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Iván F Ciklic
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 5507 Luján de Cuyo, San Martín, Mendoza, 3853, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Geijer
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden.
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Bourdon M, Lyczakowski JJ, Cresswell R, Amsbury S, Vilaplana F, Le Guen MJ, Follain N, Wightman R, Su C, Alatorre-Cobos F, Ritter M, Liszka A, Terrett OM, Yadav SR, Vatén A, Nieminen K, Eswaran G, Alonso-Serra J, Müller KH, Iuga D, Miskolczi PC, Kalmbach L, Otero S, Mähönen AP, Bhalerao R, Bulone V, Mansfield SD, Hill S, Burgert I, Beaugrand J, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Dupree R, Dupree P, Helariutta Y. Ectopic callose deposition into woody biomass modulates the nano-architecture of macrofibrils. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1530-1546. [PMID: 37666966 PMCID: PMC10505557 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass plays an increasingly important role in the circular bioeconomy, replacing non-renewable fossil resources. Genetic engineering of this lignocellulosic biomass could benefit biorefinery transformation chains by lowering economic and technological barriers to industrial processing. However, previous efforts have mostly targeted the major constituents of woody biomass: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Here we report the engineering of wood structure through the introduction of callose, a polysaccharide novel to most secondary cell walls. Our multiscale analysis of genetically engineered poplar trees shows that callose deposition modulates cell wall porosity, water and lignin contents and increases the lignin-cellulose distance, ultimately resulting in substantially decreased biomass recalcitrance. We provide a model of the wood cell wall nano-architecture engineered to accommodate the hydrated callose inclusions. Ectopic polymer introduction into biomass manifests in new physico-chemical properties and offers new avenues when considering lignocellulose engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bourdon
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sam Amsbury
- Centre for Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nadège Follain
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, Rouen, France
| | - Raymond Wightman
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chang Su
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Conacyt-Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa Wood Tec, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Liszka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anne Vatén
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stomatal Development and Plasticity group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Nieminen
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production systems / Tree Breeding Department, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gugan Eswaran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Alonso-Serra
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UMR 5667 Reproduction et Développement Des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, France
| | - Karin H Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Pal Csaba Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lothar Kalmbach
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Otero
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Science and Technology Office of the Congress of Deputies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan Hill
- Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa Wood Tec, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Johnny Beaugrand
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (BIA), INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
- The Centre for Plant Science, The Bragg Centre, The Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wood Development Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Derba-Maceluch M, Sivan P, Donev EN, Gandla ML, Yassin Z, Vaasan R, Heinonen E, Andersson S, Amini F, Scheepers G, Johansson U, Vilaplana FJ, Albrectsen BR, Hertzberg M, Jönsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ. Impact of xylan on field productivity and wood saccharification properties in aspen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218302. [PMID: 37528966 PMCID: PMC10389764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Xylan that comprises roughly 25% of hardwood biomass is undesirable in biorefinery applications involving saccharification and fermentation. Efforts to reduce xylan levels have therefore been made in many species, usually resulting in improved saccharification. However, such modified plants have not yet been tested under field conditions. Here we evaluate the field performance of transgenic hybrid aspen lines with reduced xylan levels and assess their usefulness as short-rotation feedstocks for biorefineries. Three types of transgenic lines were tested in four-year field tests with RNAi constructs targeting either Populus GT43 clades B and C (GT43BC) corresponding to Arabidopsis clades IRX9 and IRX14, respectively, involved in xylan backbone biosynthesis, GATL1.1 corresponding to AtGALT1 involved in xylan reducing end sequence biosynthesis, or ASPR1 encoding an atypical aspartate protease. Their productivity, wood quality traits, and saccharification efficiency were analyzed. The only lines differing significantly from the wild type with respect to growth and biotic stress resistance were the ASPR1 lines, whose stems were roughly 10% shorter and narrower and leaves showed increased arthropod damage. GT43BC lines exhibited no growth advantage in the field despite their superior growth in greenhouse experiments. Wood from the ASPR1 and GT43BC lines had slightly reduced density due to thinner cell walls and, in the case of ASPR1, larger cell diameters. The xylan was less extractable by alkali but more hydrolysable by acid, had increased glucuronosylation, and its content was reduced in all three types of transgenic lines. The hemicellulose size distribution in the GALT1.1 and ASPR1 lines was skewed towards higher molecular mass compared to the wild type. These results provide experimental evidence that GATL1.1 functions in xylan biosynthesis and suggest that ASPR1 may regulate this process. In saccharification without pretreatment, lines of all three constructs provided 8-11% higher average glucose yields than wild-type plants. In saccharification with acid pretreatment, the GT43BC construct provided a 10% yield increase on average. The best transgenic lines of each construct are thus predicted to modestly outperform the wild type in terms of glucose yields per hectare. The field evaluation of transgenic xylan-reduced aspen represents an important step towards more productive feedstocks for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evgeniy N. Donev
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Zakiya Yassin
- Enhet Produktionssystem och Material, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Rakhesh Vaasan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Heinonen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Andersson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fariba Amini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- Enhet Produktionssystem och Material, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Tönnersjöheden Experimental Forest, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Simlångsdalen, Sweden
| | - Francisco J. Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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4
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Sapouna I, Kärkönen A, McKee LS. The impact of xylan on the biosynthesis and structure of extracellular lignin produced by a Norway spruce tissue culture. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e500. [PMID: 37312800 PMCID: PMC10258647 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop more economic uses of lignin, greater knowledge regarding its native structure is required. This can inform the development of optimized extraction methods that preserve desired structural properties. Current extraction methods alter the polymeric structure of lignin, leading to a loss of valuable structural groups or the formation of new non-native ones. In this study, Norway spruce (Picea abies) tissue-cultured cells that produce lignin extracellularly in a suspension medium were employed. This system enables the investigation of unaltered native lignin, as no physicochemical extraction steps are required. For the first time, this culture was used to investigate the interactions between lignin and xylan, a secondary cell wall hemicellulose, and to study the importance of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) on the polymerization and final structure of extracellular lignin (ECL). This has enabled us to study the impact of xylan on monolignol composition and structure of the final lignin polymer. We find that the addition of xylan to the solid culture medium accelerates cell growth and impacts the ratio of monolignols in the lignin. However, the presence of xylan in the lignin polymerization environment does not significantly alter the structural properties of lignin as analyzed by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Nevertheless, our data indicate that xylan can act as a nucleation point, leading to more rapid lignin polymerization, an important insight into biopolymer interactions during cell wall synthesis in wood. Lignin structure and interactions with a secondary cell wall hemicellulose were investigated in a model cell culture: we found that the polymerization and final structure of lignin are altered when the hemicellulose is present during cell growth and monolignol production. The physicochemical interactions between lignin and xylan partly define the extractability and utility of native lignin in high value applications, so this work has implications for lignin extraction as well as fundamental plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sapouna
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Division of GlycoscienceDepartment of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Production SystemsNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
- Viikki Plant Science CentreDepartment of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lauren Sara McKee
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
- Division of GlycoscienceDepartment of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
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5
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Donev EN, Derba‐Maceluch M, Yassin Z, Gandla ML, Pramod S, Heinonen E, Kumar V, Scheepers G, Vilaplana F, Johansson U, Hertzberg M, Sundberg B, Winestrand S, Hörnberg A, Alriksson B, Jönsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ. Field testing of transgenic aspen from large greenhouse screening identifies unexpected winners. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1005-1021. [PMID: 36668687 PMCID: PMC10106850 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trees constitute promising renewable feedstocks for biorefinery using biochemical conversion, but their recalcitrance restricts their attractiveness for the industry. To obtain trees with reduced recalcitrance, large-scale genetic engineering experiments were performed in hybrid aspen blindly targeting genes expressed during wood formation and 32 lines representing seven constructs were selected for characterization in the field. Here we report phenotypes of five-year old trees considering 49 traits related to growth and wood properties. The best performing construct considering growth and glucose yield in saccharification with acid pretreatment had suppressed expression of the gene encoding an uncharacterized 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD). It showed minor changes in wood chemistry but increased nanoporosity and glucose conversion. Suppressed levels of SUCROSE SYNTHASE, (SuSy), CINNAMATE 4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) and increased levels of GTPase activating protein for ADP-ribosylation factor ZAC led to significant growth reductions and anatomical abnormalities. However, C4H and SuSy constructs greatly improved glucose yields in saccharification without and with pretreatment, respectively. Traits associated with high glucose yields were different for saccharification with and without pretreatment. While carbohydrates, phenolics and tension wood contents positively impacted the yields without pretreatment and growth, lignin content and S/G ratio were negative factors, the yields with pretreatment positively correlated with S lignin and negatively with carbohydrate contents. The genotypes with high glucose yields had increased nanoporosity and mGlcA/Xyl ratio, and some had shorter polymers extractable with subcritical water compared to wild-type. The pilot-scale industrial-like pretreatment of best-performing 2OGD construct confirmed its superior sugar yields, supporting our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy N. Donev
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Marta Derba‐Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Zakiya Yassin
- Enhet Produktionssystem och MaterialRISE Research Institutes of SwedenVäxjöSweden
| | | | - Sivan Pramod
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
| | - Emilia Heinonen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC)KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Gerhard Scheepers
- Enhet Produktionssystem och MaterialRISE Research Institutes of SwedenVäxjöSweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC)KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- Tönnersjöheden Experimental ForestSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSimlångsdalenSweden
| | | | - Björn Sundberg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
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6
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Khamassi A, Dumon C. Enzyme synergy for plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:521-531. [PMID: 37067158 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Valorizing plant cell wall, marine and algal polysaccharides is of utmost importance for the development of the circular bioeconomy. This is because polysaccharides are by far the most abundant organic molecules found in nature with complex chemical structures that require a large set of enzymes for their degradation. Microorganisms produce polysaccharide-specific enzymes that act in synergy when performing hydrolysis. Although discovered since decades enzyme synergy is still poorly understood at the molecular level and thus it is difficult to harness and optimize. In the last few years, more attention has been given to improve and characterize enzyme synergy for polysaccharide valorization. In this review, we summarize literature to provide an overview of the different type of synergy involving carbohydrate modifying enzymes and the recent advances in the field exemplified by plant cell-wall degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khamassi
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Dumon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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7
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Yang S, Wu C, Yan Q, Li X, Jiang Z. Nondigestible Functional Oligosaccharides: Enzymatic Production and Food Applications for Intestinal Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:297-322. [PMID: 36972156 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Nondigestible functional oligosaccharides are of particular interest in recent years because of their unique prebiotic activities, technological characteristics, and physiological effects. Among different types of strategies for the production of nondigestible functional oligosaccharides, enzymatic methods are preferred owing to the predictability and controllability of the structure and composition of the reaction products. Nondigestible functional oligosaccharides have been proved to show excellent prebiotic effects as well as other benefits to intestinal health. They have exhibited great application potential as functional food ingredients for various food products with improved quality and physicochemical characteristics. This article reviews the research progress on the enzymatic production of several typical nondigestible functional oligosaccharides in the food industry, including galacto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides, chito-oligosaccharides, and human milk oligosaccharides. Moreover, their physicochemical properties and prebiotic activities are discussed as well as their contributions to intestinal health and applications in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering, China National Light Industry, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
| | - Chenxuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering, China National Light Industry, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering, China National Light Industry, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
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8
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Tõlgo M, Hegnar OA, Larsbrink J, Vilaplana F, Eijsink VGH, Olsson L. Enzymatic debranching is a key determinant of the xylan-degrading activity of family AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 36604763 PMCID: PMC9814446 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that some Auxiliary Activity family 9 (AA9) lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) oxidize and degrade certain types of xylans when incubated with mixtures of xylan and cellulose. Here, we demonstrate that the xylanolytic activities of two xylan-active LPMOs, TtLPMO9E and TtLPMO9G from Thermothielavioides terrestris, strongly depend on the presence of xylan substitutions. RESULTS Using mixtures of phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) and wheat arabinoxylan (WAX), we show that removal of arabinosyl substitutions with a GH62 arabinofuranosidase resulted in better adsorption of xylan to cellulose, and enabled LPMO-catalyzed cleavage of this xylan. Furthermore, experiments with mixtures of PASC and arabinoglucuronoxylan from spruce showed that debranching of xylan with the GH62 arabinofuranosidase and a GH115 glucuronidase promoted LPMO activity. Analyses of mixtures with PASC and (non-arabinosylated) beechwood glucuronoxylan showed that GH115 action promoted LPMO activity also on this xylan. Remarkably, when WAX was incubated with Avicel instead of PASC in the presence of the GH62, both xylan and cellulose degradation by the LPMO9 were impaired, showing that the formation of cellulose-xylan complexes and their susceptibility to LPMO action also depend on the properties of the cellulose. These debranching effects not only relate to modulation of the cellulose-xylan interaction, which influences the conformation and rigidity of the xylan, but likely also affect the LPMO-xylan interaction, because debranching changes the architecture of the xylan surface. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on xylanolytic LPMO9 activity and on the functional interplay and possible synergies between the members of complex lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktails. These findings will be relevant for the development of future lignocellulolytic cocktails and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tõlgo
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olav A. Hegnar
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5037.10000000121581746Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes from Yeasts: Properties and Industrial Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123783. [PMID: 35744909 PMCID: PMC9229053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the main component of plant cell walls, comprises polyaromatic lignin and fermentable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose. It is a plentiful and renewable feedstock for chemicals and energy. It can serve as a raw material for the production of various value-added products, including cellulase and xylanase. Cellulase is essentially required in lignocellulose-based biorefineries and is applied in many commercial processes. Likewise, xylanases are industrially important enzymes applied in papermaking and in the manufacture of prebiotics and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the widespread application of these enzymes, many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been exploited to produce cellulase and xylanases in good yields, yet yeasts have rarely been explored for their plant-cell-wall-degrading activities. This review is focused on summarizing reports about cellulolytic and xylanolytic yeasts, their properties, and their biotechnological applications.
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10
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Elucidating Sequence and Structural Determinants of Carbohydrate Esterases for Complete Deacetylation of Substituted Xylans. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092655. [PMID: 35566004 PMCID: PMC9105624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetylated glucuronoxylan is one of the most common types of hemicellulose in nature. The structure is formed by a β-(1→4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl (Xylp) backbone that can be substituted with an acetyl group at O-2 and O-3 positions, and α-(1→2)-linked 4-O-methylglucopyranosyluronic acid (MeGlcpA). Acetyl xylan esterases (AcXE) that target mono- or doubly acetylated Xylp are well characterized; however, the previously studied AcXE from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjoAcXE) was the first to remove the acetyl group from 2-O-MeGlcpA-3-O-acetyl-substituted Xylp units, yet structural characteristics of these enzymes remain unspecified. Here, six homologs of FjoAcXE were produced and three crystal structures of the enzymes were solved. Two of them are complex structures, one with bound MeGlcpA and another with acetate. All homologs were confirmed to release acetate from 2-O-MeGlcpA-3-O-acetyl-substituted xylan, and the crystal structures point to key structural elements that might serve as defining features of this unclassified carbohydrate esterase family. Enzymes comprised two domains: N-terminal CBM domain and a C-terminal SGNH domain. In FjoAcXE and all studied homologs, the sequence motif around the catalytic serine is Gly-Asn-Ser-Ile (GNSI), which differs from other SGNH hydrolases. Binding by the MeGlcpA-Xylp ligand is directed by positively charged and highly conserved residues at the interface of the CBM and SGNH domains of the enzyme.
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11
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Comparison of steaming and boiling of root vegetables for enhancing carbohydrate content and sensory profile. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Rincón E, Espinosa E, García-Domínguez MT, Balu AM, Vilaplana F, Serrano L, Jiménez-Quero A. Bioactive pectic polysaccharides from bay tree pruning waste: Sequential subcritical water extraction and application in active food packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118477. [PMID: 34420736 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential isolation of bio-active polysaccharides from bay tree pruning waste was studied using sequential subcritical water extraction using different time-temperature combinations. The extracted polysaccharides were highly enriched in pectins while preserving their high molecular mass (10-100 kDa), presenting ideal properties for its application as additive in food packaging. Pectin-enriched chitosan films were prepared, improving the optical properties (≥95% UV-light barrier capacity), antioxidant capacity (˃95% radical scavenging activity) and water vapor permeability (≤14 g·Pa-1·s-1·m-1·10-7) in comparison with neat chitosan-based films. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan was maintained in the hybrid films. Addition of 10% of pectins improved mechanical properties, increasing the Young's modulus 12%, and the stress resistance in 51%. The application of pectin-rich fractions from bay tree pruning waste as an additive in active food packaging applications, with triple action as antioxidant, barrier, and antimicrobial has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rincón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie-Curie (C-3), CTRA. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie-Curie (C-3), CTRA. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie-Curie (C-3), CTRA. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M T García-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Química Física y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", Av. De las Fuerzas Armadas. S/N, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - A M Balu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie-Curie (C-3), CTRA. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Alba Nova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Serrano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie-Curie (C-3), CTRA. IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Quero
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Alba Nova University Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Unraveling Synergism between Various GH Family Xylanases and Debranching Enzymes during Hetero-Xylan Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226770. [PMID: 34833862 PMCID: PMC8618192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes classified with the same Enzyme Commission (EC) that are allotted in different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families can display different mechanisms of action and substrate specificities. Therefore, the combination of different enzyme classes may not yield synergism during biomass hydrolysis, as the GH family allocation of the enzymes influences their behavior. As a result, it is important to understand which GH family combinations are compatible to gain knowledge on how to efficiently depolymerize biomass into fermentable sugars. We evaluated GH10 (Xyn10D and XT6) and GH11 (XynA and Xyn2A) β-xylanase performance alone and in combination with various GH family α-l-arabinofuranosidases (GH43 AXH-d and GH51 Abf51A) and α-d-glucuronidases (GH4 Agu4B and GH67 AguA) during xylan depolymerization. No synergistic enhancement in reducing sugar, xylose and glucuronic acid released from beechwood xylan was observed when xylanases were supplemented with either one of the glucuronidases, except between Xyn2A and AguA (1.1-fold reducing sugar increase). However, overall sugar release was significantly improved (≥1.1-fold reducing sugar increase) when xylanases were supplemented with either one of the arabinofuranosidases during wheat arabinoxylan degradation. Synergism appeared to result from the xylanases liberating xylo-oligomers, which are the preferred substrates of the terminal arabinofuranosyl-substituent debranching enzyme, Abf51A, allowing the exolytic β-xylosidase, SXA, to have access to the generated unbranched xylo-oligomers. Here, it was shown that arabinofuranosidases are key enzymes in the efficient saccharification of hetero-xylan into xylose. This study demonstrated that consideration of GH family affiliations of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) used to formulate synergistic enzyme cocktails is crucial for achieving efficient biomass saccharification.
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14
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Malafronte L, Yilmaz-Turan S, Krona A, Martinez-Sanz M, Vilaplana F, Lopez-Sanchez P. Macroalgae suspensions prepared by physical treatments: Effect of polysaccharide composition and microstructure on the rheological properties. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Mixed legume systems of pea protein and unrefined lentil fraction: Textural properties and microstructure. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Molecular modification, structural characterization, and biological activity of xylans. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118248. [PMID: 34294285 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The differences in the source and structure of xylans make them have various biological activities. However, due to their inherent structural limitations, the various biological activities of xylans are far lower than those of commercial drugs. Currently, several types of molecular modification methods have been developed to address these limitations, and many derivatives with specific biological activity have been obtained. Further research on structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action is of great significance for the development of xylan derivatives. Therefore, the major molecular modification methods of xylans are introduced in this paper, and the primary structure and conformation characteristics of xylans and their derivatives are summarized. In addition, the biological activity and structure-activity relationship of the modified xylans are also discussed.
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18
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Rohrbach JC, Luterbacher JS. Investigating the effects of substrate morphology and experimental conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass through modeling. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 33902675 PMCID: PMC8073973 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass is affected by its morphology is essential to design efficient processes for biomass deconstruction. In this study, we used a model based on a set of partial differential equations describing the evolution of the substrate morphology to investigate the interplay between experimental conditions and the physical characteristics of biomass particles as the reaction proceeds. Our model carefully considers the overall quantity of cellulase present in the hydrolysis mixture and explores its interplay with the available accessible cellulose surface. RESULTS Exploring the effect of various experimental and structural parameters highlighted the significant role of internal mass transfer as the substrate size increases and/or the enzyme loading decreases. In such cases, diffusion of cellulases to the available cellulose surface limits the rate of glucose release. We notably see that increasing biomass loading, while keeping enzyme loading constant should be favored for both small- (R < 300 [Formula: see text]) and middle-ranged (300 < R < 1000 [Formula: see text]) substrates to enhance enzyme diffusion while minimizing the use of enzymes. In such cases, working at enzyme loadings exceeding the full coverage of the cellulose surface (i.e. eI>1) does not bring a significant benefit. For larger particles (R > 1000 [Formula: see text]), increases in biomass loading do not offset the significant internal mass transfer limitations, but high enzyme loadings improve enzyme penetration by maintaining a high concentration gradient within the particle. We also confirm the well-known importance of cellulose accessibility, which increases with pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the developed model, we are able to propose several design criteria for deconstruction process. Importantly, we highlight the crucial role of adjusting the enzyme and biomass loading to the wood particle size and accessible cellulose surface to maintain a strong concentration gradient, while avoiding unnecessary excess in cellulase loading. Theory-based approaches that explicitly consider the entire lignocellulose particle structure can be used to clearly identify the relative importance of bottlenecks during the biomass deconstruction process, and serve as a framework to build on more detailed cellulase mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Rohrbach
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy S Luterbacher
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Le Normand M, Rietzler B, Vilaplana F, Ek M. Macromolecular Model of the Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from the Bark of Norway Spruce ( Picea abies). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071106. [PMID: 33807128 PMCID: PMC8038116 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) contains up to 13% pectins that can be extracted by pressurized hot water, which constitute a valuable renewable resource in second-generation lignocellulosic biorefineries. This article proposes, for the first time, structural molecular models for the pectins present in spruce bark. Pectin fractions of tailored molar masses were obtained by fractionation of the pressurized hot water extract of the inner bark using preparative size-exclusion chromatography. The monosaccharide composition, average molar mass distribution, and the glycosidic linkage patterns were analyzed for each fraction. The pectin fraction with high molecular weight (Mw of 59,000 Da) contained a highly branched RG-I domain, which accounted for 80% of the fraction and was mainly substituted with arabinan and arabinogalactan (type I and II) side chains. On the other hand, the fractions with lower molar masses (Mw = 15,000 and 9000 Da) were enriched with linear homogalacturonan domains, and also branched arabinan populations. The integration of the analytical information from the macromolecular size distributions, domain composition, and branch lengths of each pectin fraction, results in a comprehensive understanding of the macromolecular architecture of the pectins extracted from the bark of Norway spruce. This paves the way for the valorization of spruce bark pectic polymers in targeted applications based on their distinct polymeric structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Le Normand
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.N.); (B.R.); (M.E.)
| | - Barbara Rietzler
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.N.); (B.R.); (M.E.)
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Ek
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.N.); (B.R.); (M.E.)
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Tamayo-Ordóñez MC, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Ayil-Gutiérrez BA, De la Cruz-Arguijo EA, Tamayo-Ordóñez FA, Ríos-González LJ, Tamayo-Ordóñez YJ. Interspecific evolutionary relationships of alpha-glucuronidase in the genus Aspergillus. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:560-575. [PMID: 34140152 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increased availability and production of lignocellulosic agroindustrial wastes has originated proposals for their use as raw material to obtain biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) or derived products. However, for biomass generated from lignocellulosic residues to be successfully degraded, in most cases it requires a physical (thermal), chemical, or enzymatic pretreatment before the application of microbial or enzymatic fermentation technologies (biocatalysis). In the context of enzymatic technologies, fungi have demonstrated to produce enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharides like cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin. Because of this ability for degrading lignocellulosic material, researchers are making efforts to isolate and identify fungal enzymes that could have a better activity for the degradation of plant cell walls and agroindustrial biomass. We performed an in silico analysis of alpha-glucoronidase in 82 accessions of the genus Aspergillus. The constructed dendrograms of amino acid sequences defined the formation of 6 groups (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI), which demonstrates the high diversity of the enzyme. Despite this ample divergence between enzyme groups, our 3D structure modeling showed both conservation and differences in amino acid residues participating in enzyme-substrate binding, which indicates the possibility that some enzymes are functionally specialized for the specific degradation of a substrate depending on the genetics of each species in the genus and the condition of the habitat where they evolved. The identification of alpha-glucuronidase isoenzymes would allow future use of genetic engineering and biocatalysis technologies aimed at specific production of the enzyme for its use in biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - J C Contreras-Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Glicobiotecnologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - B A Ayil-Gutiérrez
- CONACYT- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Biotecnologia Vegetal. Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña, Reynosa, 88710, Mexico
| | - E A De la Cruz-Arguijo
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña, Reynosa, 88710, Mexico
| | - F A Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 por Av. Concordia, Campus Principal, 24180, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | - L J Ríos-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing Cárdenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico
| | - Y J Tamayo-Ordóñez
- Estancia Posdoctoral Nacional-CONACyT, Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing J. Cardenas Valdez S/N, República, 25280, Saltillo, Coah, Mexico.
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Raji O, Arnling Bååth J, Vuong TV, Larsbrink J, Olsson L, Master ER. The coordinated action of glucuronoyl esterase and α-glucuronidase promotes the disassembly of lignin-carbohydrate complexes. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:351-359. [PMID: 33277689 PMCID: PMC8044923 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronoxylans represent a significant fraction of woody biomass, and its decomposition is complicated by the presence of lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). Herein, LCCs from birchwood were used to investigate the potential coordinated action of a glucuronoyl esterase (TtCE15A) and two α‐glucuronidases (SdeAgu115A and AxyAgu115A). When supplementing α‐glucuronidase with equimolar quantities of TtCE15A, total MeGlcpA released after 72 h by SdeAgu115A and AxyAgu115A increased from 52% to 67%, and 61% to 95%, respectively. Based on the combined TtCE15A and AxyAgu115A activities, ~ 34% of MeGlcpA in the extracted birchwood glucuronoxylan was occupied as LCCs. Notably, insoluble LCC fractions reduced soluble α‐glucuronidase concentrations by up to 70%, whereas reduction in soluble TtCE15A was less than 30%, indicating different tendencies to adsorb onto the LCC substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Raji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny Arnling Bååth
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thu V Vuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Santibáñez L, Henríquez C, Corro-Tejeda R, Bernal S, Armijo B, Salazar O. Xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bio-based films from wheat bran feruloylated arabinoxylan: Effect of extraction technique, acetylation and feruloylation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Qaseem MF, Wu AM. Balanced Xylan Acetylation is the Key Regulator of Plant Growth and Development, and Cell Wall Structure and for Industrial Utilization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217875. [PMID: 33114198 PMCID: PMC7660596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose, constitutes about 25–35% of the dry biomass of woody and lignified tissues, and occurs up to 50% in some cereal grains. The accurate degree and position of xylan acetylation is necessary for xylan function and for plant growth and development. The post synthetic acetylation of cell wall xylan, mainly regulated by Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA), Trichome Birefringence-Like (TBL), and Altered Xyloglucan 9 (AXY9) genes, is essential for effective bonding of xylan with cellulose. Recent studies have proven that not only xylan acetylation but also its deacetylation is vital for various plant functions. Thus, the present review focuses on the latest advances in understanding xylan acetylation and deacetylation and explores their effects on plant growth and development. Baseline knowledge about precise regulation of xylan acetylation and deacetylation is pivotal to developing plant biomass better suited for second-generation liquid biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Saldarriaga-Hernández S, Velasco-Ayala C, Leal-Isla Flores P, de Jesús Rostro-Alanis M, Parra-Saldivar R, Iqbal HMN, Carrillo-Nieves D. Biotransformation of lignocellulosic biomass into industrially relevant products with the aid of fungi-derived lignocellulolytic enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1099-1116. [PMID: 32526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic material has drawn significant attention among the scientific community due to its year-round availability as a renewable resource for industrial consumption. Being an economic substrate alternative, various industries are reevaluating processes to incorporate derived compounds from these materials. Varieties of fungi and bacteria have the ability to depolymerize lignocellulosic biomass by synthesizing degrading enzymes. Owing to catalytic activity stability and high yields of conversion, lignocellulolytic enzymes derived from fungi currently have a high spectrum of industrial applications. Moreover, these materials are cost effective, eco-friendly and nontoxic while having a low energy input. Techno-economic analysis for current enzyme production technologies indicates that synthetic production is not commercially viable. Instead, the economic projection of the use of naturally-produced ligninolytic enzymes is promising. This approach may improve the economic feasibility of the process by lowering substrate expenses and increasing lignocellulosic by-product's added value. The present review will discuss the classification and enzymatic degradation pathways of lignocellulolytic biomass as well as the potential and current industrial applications of the involved fungal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saldarriaga-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Carolina Velasco-Ayala
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Paulina Leal-Isla Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Magdalena de Jesús Rostro-Alanis
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan C.P. 45138, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Wood hemicelluloses exert distinct biomechanical contributions to cellulose fibrillar networks. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4692. [PMID: 32943624 PMCID: PMC7499266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicelluloses, a family of heterogeneous polysaccharides with complex molecular structures, constitute a fundamental component of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the contribution of each hemicellulose type to the mechanical properties of secondary plant cell walls remains elusive. Here we homogeneously incorporate different combinations of extracted and purified hemicelluloses (xylans and glucomannans) from softwood and hardwood species into self-assembled networks during cellulose biosynthesis in a bacterial model, without altering the morphology and the crystallinity of the cellulose bundles. These composite hydrogels can be therefore envisioned as models of secondary plant cell walls prior to lignification. The incorporated hemicelluloses exhibit both a rigid phase having close interactions with cellulose, together with a flexible phase contributing to the multiscale architecture of the bacterial cellulose hydrogels. The wood hemicelluloses exhibit distinct biomechanical contributions, with glucomannans increasing the elastic modulus in compression, and xylans contributing to a dramatic increase of the elongation at break under tension. These diverging effects cannot be explained solely from the nature of their direct interactions with cellulose, but can be related to the distinct molecular structure of wood xylans and mannans, the multiphase architecture of the hydrogels and the aggregative effects amongst hemicellulose-coated fibrils. Our study contributes to understanding the specific roles of wood xylans and glucomannans in the biomechanical integrity of secondary cell walls in tension and compression and has significance for the development of lignocellulosic materials with controlled assembly and tailored mechanical properties. Hemicelluloses are an essential constituent of plant cell walls, but the individual biomechanical roles remain elusive. Here the authors report on the interaction of wood hemicellulose with bacterial cellulose during deposition and explore the resultant fibrillar architecture and mechanical properties.
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Malgas S, Mafa MS, Mkabayi L, Pletschke BI. A mini review of xylanolytic enzymes with regards to their synergistic interactions during hetero-xylan degradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:187. [PMID: 31728656 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the recent models describing the mode of action of various xylanolytic enzymes and how these enzymes can be applied (sequentially or simultaneously) with their distinctive roles in mind to achieve efficient xylan degradation. With respect to homeosynergy, synergism appears to be as a result of β-xylanase and/or oligosaccharide reducing-end β-xylanase liberating xylo-oligomers (XOS) that are preferred substrates of the processive β-xylosidase. With regards to hetero-synergism, two cross relationships appear to exist and seem to be the reason for synergism between the enzymes during xylan degradation. These cross relations are the debranching enzymes such as α-glucuronidase or side-chain cleaving enzymes such as carbohydrate esterases (CE) removing decorations that would have hindered back-bone-cleaving enzymes, while backbone-cleaving-enzymes liberate XOS that are preferred substrates of the debranching and side-chain-cleaving enzymes. This interaction is demonstrated by high yields in co-production of xylan substituents such as arabinose, glucuronic acid and ferulic acid, and XOS. Finally, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) have also been implicated in boosting whole lignocellulosic biomass or insoluble xylan degradation by glycoside hydrolases (GH) by possibly disrupting entangled xylan residues. Since it has been observed that the same enzyme (same Enzyme Commission, EC, classification) from different GH or CE and/or AA families can display different synergistic interactions with other enzymes due to different substrate specificities and properties, in this review, we propose an approach of enzyme selection (and mode of application thereof) during xylan degradation, as this can improve the economic viability of the degradation of xylan for producing precursors of value added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa
| | - Mpho S Mafa
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa.,Protein Structure-Function Research Unit (PSFRU), School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Wits University, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South Africa
| | - Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa.
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Giummarella N, Balakshin M, Koutaniemi S, Kärkönen A, Lawoko M. Nativity of lignin carbohydrate bonds substantiated by biomimetic synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5591-5601. [PMID: 31294799 PMCID: PMC6812735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether lignin is covalently linked to carbohydrates in native wood, forming what is referred to as lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), still lacks unequivocal proof. This is mainly due to the need to isolate lignin from woody materials prior to analysis, under conditions leading to partial chemical modification of the native wood polymers. Thus, the correlation between the structure of the isolated LCCs and LCCs in situ remains open. As a way to circumvent the problematic isolation, biomimicking lignin polymerization in vivo and in vitro is an interesting option. Herein, we report the detection of lignin-carbohydrate bonds in the extracellular lignin formed by tissue-cultured Norway spruce cells, and in modified biomimetic lignin synthesis (dehydrogenation polymers). Semi-quantitative 2D heteronuclear singular quantum coherence (HSQC)-, 31P -, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were applied as analytical tools. Combining results from these systems, four types of lignin-carbohydrate bonds were detected; benzyl ether, benzyl ester, γ-ester, and phenyl glycoside linkages, providing direct evidence of lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in biomimicked lignin polymerization. Based on our findings, we propose a sequence for lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giummarella
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sanna Koutaniemi
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Plant Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Carvalho DMD, Berglund J, Marchand C, Lindström ME, Vilaplana F, Sevastyanova O. Improving the thermal stability of different types of xylan by acetylation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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High-Throughput Recovery and Characterization of Metagenome-Derived Glycoside Hydrolase-Containing Clones as a Resource for Biocatalyst Development. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00082-19. [PMID: 31164449 PMCID: PMC6550366 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00082-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of new biocatalysts for plant biomass degradation and glycan synthesis has typically relied on the characterization and investigation of one or a few enzymes at a time. By coupling functional metagenomic screening and high-throughput functional characterization, we can progress beyond the current scale of catalyst discovery and provide rapid annotation of catalyst function. By functionally screening environmental DNA from many diverse sources, we have generated a suite of active glycoside hydrolase-containing clones and demonstrated their reaction parameters. We then demonstrated the utility of this collection through the generation of a new catalyst for the formation of azido-modified glycans. Further interrogation of this collection of clones will expand our biocatalytic toolbox, with potential application to biomass deconstruction and synthesis of glycans. Functional metagenomics is a powerful tool for both the discovery and development of biocatalysts. This study presents the high-throughput functional screening of 22 large-insert fosmid libraries containing over 300,000 clones sourced from natural and engineered ecosystems, characterization of active clones, and a demonstration of the utility of recovered genes or gene cassettes in the development of novel biocatalysts. Screening was performed in a 384-well-plate format with the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, which releases a fluorescent molecule when cleaved by β-glucosidases or cellulases. The resulting set of 164 active clones was subsequently interrogated for substrate preference, reaction mechanism, thermal stability, and optimal pH. The environmental DNA harbored within each active clone was sequenced, and functional annotation revealed a cornucopia of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Evaluation of genomic-context information revealed both synteny and polymer-targeting loci within a number of sequenced clones. The utility of these fosmids was then demonstrated by identifying clones encoding activity on an unnatural glycoside (4-methylumbelliferyl 6-azido-6-deoxy-β-d-galactoside) and transforming one of the identified enzymes into a glycosynthase capable of forming taggable disaccharides. IMPORTANCE The generation of new biocatalysts for plant biomass degradation and glycan synthesis has typically relied on the characterization and investigation of one or a few enzymes at a time. By coupling functional metagenomic screening and high-throughput functional characterization, we can progress beyond the current scale of catalyst discovery and provide rapid annotation of catalyst function. By functionally screening environmental DNA from many diverse sources, we have generated a suite of active glycoside hydrolase-containing clones and demonstrated their reaction parameters. We then demonstrated the utility of this collection through the generation of a new catalyst for the formation of azido-modified glycans. Further interrogation of this collection of clones will expand our biocatalytic toolbox, with potential application to biomass deconstruction and synthesis of glycans.
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Kishani S, Escalante A, Toriz G, Vilaplana F, Gatenholm P, Hansson P, Wagberg L. Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of the Solubility/Insolubility of Spruce Xylan (Arabino Glucuronoxylan). Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1263-1270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saina Kishani
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Escalante
- Wood, Cellulose
and Paper Research Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz
- Wood, Cellulose
and Paper Research Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- WWSC, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- Chemical Biological Engineering/Biopolymer, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden
- WWSC, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Wagberg
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Focused Metabolism of β-Glucans by the Soil Bacteroidetes Species Chitinophaga pinensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02231-18. [PMID: 30413479 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02231-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome and natural habitat of Chitinophaga pinensis suggest it has the ability to degrade a wide variety of carbohydrate-based biomass. Complementing our earlier investigations into the hydrolysis of some plant polysaccharides, we now show that C. pinensis can grow directly on spruce wood and on the fungal fruiting body. Growth was stronger on fungal material, although secreted enzyme activity was high in both cases, and all biomass-induced secretomes showed a predominance of β-glucanase activities. We therefore conducted a screen for growth on and hydrolysis of β-glucans isolated from different sources. Most noncrystalline β-glucans supported good growth, with variable efficiencies of polysaccharide deconstruction and oligosaccharide uptake, depending on the polysaccharide backbone linkage. In all cases, β-glucan was the only type of polysaccharide that was effectively hydrolyzed by secreted enzymes. This contrasts with the secretion of enzymes with a broad range of activities observed during growth on complex heteroglycans. Our findings imply a role for C. pinensis in the turnover of multiple types of biomass and suggest that the species may have two metabolic modes: a "scavenging mode," where multiple different types of glycan may be degraded, and a more "focused mode" of β-glucan metabolism. The significant accumulation of some types of β-gluco-oligosaccharides in growth media may be due to the lack of an appropriate transport mechanism, and we propose that this is due to the specificity of expressed polysaccharide utilization loci. We present a hypothetical model for β-glucan metabolism by C. pinensis that suggests the potential for nutrient sharing among the microbial litter community.IMPORTANCE It is well known that the forest litter layer is inhabited by a complex microbial community of bacteria and fungi. However, while the importance of fungi in the turnover of natural biomass is well established, the role of their bacterial counterparts is less extensively studied. We show that Chitinophaga pinensis, a prominent member of an important bacterial genus, is capable of using both plant and fungal biomass as a nutrient source but is particularly effective at deconstructing dead fungal material. The turnover of dead fungus is key in natural elemental cycles in the forest. We show that C. pinensis can perform extensive degradation of this material to support its own growth while also releasing sugars that may serve as nutrients for other microbial species. Our work adds detail to an increasingly complex picture of life among the environmental microbiota.
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Tovar-Herrera OE, Martha-Paz AM, Pérez-LLano Y, Aranda E, Tacoronte-Morales JE, Pedroso-Cabrera MT, Arévalo-Niño K, Folch-Mallol JL, Batista-García RA. Schizophyllum commune: An unexploited source for lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00637. [PMID: 29785766 PMCID: PMC6011954 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose represents the most abundant source of carbon in the Earth. Thus, fraction technology of the biomass turns up as an emerging technology for the development of biorefineries. Saccharification and fermentation processes require the formulation of enzymatic cocktails or the development of microorganisms (naturally or genetically modified) with the appropriate toolbox to produce a cost‐effective fermentation technology. Therefore, the search for microorganisms capable of developing effective cellulose hydrolysis represents one of the main challenges in this era. Schizophyllum commune is an edible agarical with a great capability to secrete a myriad of hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases and endoglucanases that are expressed in a high range of substrates. In addition, a large number of protein‐coding genes for glycoside hydrolases, oxidoreductases like laccases (Lacs; EC 1.10.3.2), as well as some sequences encoding for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and expansins‐like proteins demonstrate the potential of this fungus to be applied in different biotechnological process. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic toolbox of S. commune at the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level, as well as the requirements to be employed for fermentable sugars production in biorefineries. At the end the trend of its use in patent registration is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Eduardo Tovar-Herrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adriana Mayrel Martha-Paz
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Unidad de manipulación genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Yordanis Pérez-LLano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Katiushka Arévalo-Niño
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Arnling Bååth J, Martínez-Abad A, Berglund J, Larsbrink J, Vilaplana F, Olsson L. Mannanase hydrolysis of spruce galactoglucomannan focusing on the influence of acetylation on enzymatic mannan degradation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:114. [PMID: 29713374 PMCID: PMC5907293 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galactoglucomannan (GGM) is the most abundant hemicellulose in softwood, and consists of a backbone of mannose and glucose units, decorated with galactose and acetyl moieties. GGM can be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars, or used as a polymer in films, gels, and food additives. Endo-β-mannanases, which can be found in the glycoside hydrolase families 5 and 26, specifically cleave the mannan backbone of GGM into shorter oligosaccharides. Information on the activity and specificity of different mannanases on complex and acetylated substrates is still lacking. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the modes of action of two mannanases from Cellvibrio japonicus (CjMan5A and CjMan26A) on a variety of mannan substrates, naturally and chemically acetylated to varying degrees, including naturally acetylated spruce GGM. Both enzymes were evaluated in terms of cleavage patterns and their ability to accommodate acetyl substitutions. RESULTS CjMan5A and CjMan26A demonstrated different substrate preferences on mannan substrates with distinct backbone and decoration structures. CjMan5A action resulted in higher amounts of mannotriose and mannotetraose than that of CjMan26A, which mainly generated mannose and mannobiose as end products. Mass spectrometric analysis of products from the enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce GGM revealed that an acetylated hexotriose was the shortest acetylated oligosaccharide produced by CjMan5A, whereas CjMan26A generated acetylated hexobiose as well as diacetylated oligosaccharides. A low degree of native acetylation did not significantly inhibit the enzymatic action. However, a high degree of chemical acetylation resulted in decreased hydrolyzability of mannan substrates, where reduced substrate solubility seemed to reduce enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the two mannanases from C. japonicus have different cleavage patterns on linear and decorated mannan polysaccharides, including the abundant and industrially important resource spruce GGM. CjMan26A released higher amounts of fermentable sugars suitable for biofuel production, while CjMan5A, producing higher amounts of oligosaccharides, could be a good candidate for the production of oligomeric platform chemicals and food additives. Furthermore, chemical acetylation of mannan polymers was found to be a potential strategy for limiting the biodegradation of mannan-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Arnling Bååth
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Present Address: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jennie Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Martínez-Abad A, Berglund J, Toriz G, Gatenholm P, Henriksson G, Lindström M, Wohlert J, Vilaplana F. Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1579-1592. [PMID: 29070516 PMCID: PMC5717736 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. However, the molecular features and the nanoscale forces that control the interactions among cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and lignin are still not well understood. Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Toriz
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wood Cellulose and Paper Research Department, University of Guadalajara, 44100 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindström
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Escudero V, Jordá L, Sopeña-Torres S, Mélida H, Miedes E, Muñoz-Barrios A, Swami S, Alexander D, McKee LS, Sánchez-Vallet A, Bulone V, Jones AM, Molina A. Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:386-399. [PMID: 28792629 PMCID: PMC5641240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein complex modulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ- (agb1-2) or Gγ-subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild-type plants. Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1-2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild-type levels. Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10-sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant-specific polysaccharide O-acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. Null alleles (sgb11/esk1-7) of ESK1 restore to wild-type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 or to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1-2 esk1-7 double mutant was not the result of the re-activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1-2. Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance-related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. These esk1-mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1-2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. These results suggest that a deficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-triggered immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sopeña-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eva Miedes
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Barrios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjay Swami
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Danny Alexander
- Metabolon Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Lauren S. McKee
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Vallet
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040-Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author:
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Bi R, Berglund J, Vilaplana F, McKee LS, Henriksson G. The degree of acetylation affects the microbial degradability of mannans. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rhee MS, Sawhney N, Kim YS, Rhee HJ, Hurlbert JC, St John FJ, Nong G, Rice JD, Preston JF. GH115 α-glucuronidase and GH11 xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2: potential roles in processing glucuronoxylans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1465-1476. [PMID: 27766358 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 (Pjdr2) has been studied as a model for development of bacterial biocatalysts for efficient processing of xylans, methylglucuronoxylan, and methylglucuronoarabinoxylan, the predominant hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in dicots and monocots, respectively. Pjdr2 produces a cell-associated GH10 endoxylanase (Xyn10A1) that catalyzes depolymerization of xylans to xylobiose, xylotriose, and methylglucuronoxylotriose with methylglucuronate-linked α-1,2 to the nonreducing terminal xylose. A GH10/GH67 xylan utilization regulon includes genes encoding an extracellular cell-associated Xyn10A1 endoxylanase and an intracellular GH67 α-glucuronidase active on methylglucuronoxylotriose generated by Xyn10A1 but without activity on methylglucuronoxylotetraose generated by a GH11 endoxylanase. The sequenced genome of Pjdr2 contains three paralogous genes potentially encoding GH115 α-glucuronidases found in certain bacteria and fungi. One of these, Pjdr2_5977, shows enhanced expression during growth on xylans along with Pjdr2_4664 encoding a GH11 endoxylanase. Here, we show that Pjdr2_5977 encodes a GH115 α-glucuronidase, Agu115A, with maximal activity on the aldouronate methylglucuronoxylotetraose selectively generated by a GH11 endoxylanase Xyn11 encoded by Pjdr2_4664. Growth of Pjdr2 on this methylglucuronoxylotetraose supports a process for Xyn11-mediated extracellular depolymerization of methylglucuronoxylan and Agu115A-mediated intracellular deglycosylation as an alternative to the GH10/GH67 system previously defined in this bacterium. A recombinantly expressed enzyme encoded by the Pjdr2 agu115A gene catalyzes removal of 4-O-methylglucuronate residues α-1,2 linked to internal xylose residues in oligoxylosides generated by GH11 and GH30 xylanases and releases methylglucuronate from polymeric methylglucuronoxylan. The GH115 α-glucuronidase from Pjdr2 extends the discovery of this activity to members of the phylum Firmicutes and contributes to a novel system for bioprocessing hemicelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Su Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Xycrobe Therapeutics Inc., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego,, CA, 92121,, USA
| | - Neha Sawhney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235,, USA
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hyun Jee Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6-113, Cambridge, MA, 02139,, USA
| | - Jason C Hurlbert
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Geology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, 29733, USA
| | - Franz J St John
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Forest Service, The United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, Madison,, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Guang Nong
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - John D Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James F Preston
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Morais de Carvalho D, Martínez-Abad A, Evtuguin DV, Colodette JL, Lindström ME, Vilaplana F, Sevastyanova O. Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 156:223-234. [PMID: 27842817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Morais de Carvalho
- Pulp and Paper Laboratory, Department of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, S/N, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Luiz Colodette
- Pulp and Paper Laboratory, Department of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, S/N, Campus, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mikael E Lindström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Busse-Wicher M, Li A, Silveira RL, Pereira CS, Tryfona T, Gomes TCF, Skaf MS, Dupree P. Evolution of Xylan Substitution Patterns in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Implications for Xylan Interaction with Cellulose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2418-31. [PMID: 27325663 PMCID: PMC4972281 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between cellulose and xylan is important for the load-bearing secondary cell wall of flowering plants. Based on the precise, evenly spaced pattern of acetyl and glucuronosyl (MeGlcA) xylan substitutions in eudicots, we recently proposed that an unsubstituted face of xylan in a 2-fold helical screw can hydrogen bond to the hydrophilic surfaces of cellulose microfibrils. In gymnosperm cell walls, any role for xylan is unclear, and glucomannan is thought to be the important cellulose-binding polysaccharide. Here, we analyzed xylan from the secondary cell walls of the four gymnosperm lineages (Conifer, Gingko, Cycad, and Gnetophyta). Conifer, Gingko, and Cycad xylan lacks acetylation but is modified by arabinose and MeGlcA. Interestingly, the arabinosyl substitutions are located two xylosyl residues from MeGlcA, which is itself placed precisely on every sixth xylosyl residue. Notably, the Gnetophyta xylan is more akin to early-branching angiosperms and eudicot xylan, lacking arabinose but possessing acetylation on alternate xylosyl residues. All these precise substitution patterns are compatible with gymnosperm xylan binding to hydrophilic surfaces of cellulose. Molecular dynamics simulations support the stable binding of 2-fold screw conifer xylan to the hydrophilic face of cellulose microfibrils. Moreover, the binding of multiple xylan chains to adjacent planes of the cellulose fibril stabilizes the interaction further. Our results show that the type of xylan substitution varies, but an even pattern of xylan substitution is maintained among vascular plants. This suggests that 2-fold screw xylan binds hydrophilic faces of cellulose in eudicots, early-branching angiosperm, and gymnosperm cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Busse-Wicher
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - An Li
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Rodrigo L Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Caroline S Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Theodora Tryfona
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Thiago C F Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry and The Leverhulme Trust Centre for Natural Material Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom (M.B.-W., A.L., T.T., P.D.); Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil (R.L.S, C.S.P., M.S.S.); andDepartment of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, SP 12228-900, Brazil (T.C.F.G.)
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41
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Asgher M, Wahab A, Bilal M, Nasir Iqbal HM. Lignocellulose degradation and production of lignin modifying enzymes by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 in solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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