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Rodríguez-Sanz A, Fuciños C, Soares C, Torrado AM, Lima N, Rúa ML. A comprehensive method for the sequential separation of extracellular xylanases and β-xylosidases/arabinofuranosidases from a new Fusarium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132722. [PMID: 38821304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Several fungal species produce diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes useful for the xylooligosaccharide biorefinery. These enzymes can be isolated by different purification methods, but fungi usually produce other several compounds which interfere in the purification process. So, the present work has three interconnected aims: (i) compare β-xylosidase production by Fusarium pernambucanum MUM 18.62 with other crop pathogens; (ii) optimise F. pernambucanum xylanolytic enzymes expression focusing on the pre-inoculum media composition; and (iii) design a downstream strategy to eliminate interfering substances and sequentially isolate β-xylosidases, arabinofuranosidases and endo-xylanases from the extracellular media. F. pernambucanum showed the highest β-xylosidase activity among all the evaluated species. It also produced endo-xylanase and arabinofuranosidase. The growth and β-xylosidase expression were not influenced by the pre-inoculum source, contrary to endo-xylanase activity, which was higher with xylan-enriched agar. Using a sequential strategy involving ammonium sulfate precipitation of the extracellular interferences, and several chromatographic steps of the supernatant (hydrophobic chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography), we were able to isolate different enzyme pools: four partially purified β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside; FpXylEAB trifunctional GH10 endo-xylanase/β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside enzyme (39.8 kDa) and FpXynE GH11 endo-xylanase with molecular mass (18.0 kDa). FpXylEAB and FpXynE enzymes were highly active at pH 5-6 and 60-50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Sanz
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Clara Fuciños
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Célia Soares
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana M Torrado
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - María L Rúa
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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Fernández FJ, Querol-García J, Navas-Yuste S, Martino F, Vega MC. X-Ray Crystallography for Macromolecular Complexes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 3234:125-140. [PMID: 38507204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
X-ray crystallography has for most of the last century been the standard technique to determine the high-resolution structure of biological macromolecules, including multi-subunit protein-protein and protein-nucleic acids as large as the ribosome and viruses. As such, the successful application of X-ray crystallography to many biological problems revolutionized biology and biomedicine by solving the structures of small molecules and vitamins, peptides and proteins, DNA and RNA molecules, and many complexes-affording a detailed knowledge of the structures that clarified biological and chemical mechanisms, conformational changes, interactions, catalysis and the biological processes underlying DNA replication, translation, and protein synthesis. Now reaching well into the first quarter of the twenty-first century, X-ray crystallography shares the structural biology stage with cryo-electron microscopy and other innovative structure determination methods, as relevant and central to our understanding of biological function and structure as ever. In this chapter, we provide an overview of modern X-ray crystallography and how it interfaces with other mainstream structural biology techniques, with an emphasis on macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Navas-Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Martino
- Structural Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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De Wever P, De Schepper C, Poleunis C, Delcorte A, Courtin CM, Fardim P. Topochemical Design of Cellulose-Based Carriers for Immobilization of Endoxylanase. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:132-140. [PMID: 36542490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) gained much attention for their use in food and animal feed, attributed to their prebiotic function. These short-chained carbohydrates can be enzymatically produced from xylan, one of the most prevalent forms of hemicellulose. In this work, endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Thermotoga maritima was immobilized on cellulose-based beads with the goal of producing xylooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DPs) in the range of 4-6 monomeric units. More specifically, the impact of different spacer arms, tethers connecting the enzyme with the particle, on the expressed enzymatic activity and oligosaccharide yield was investigated. After surface functionalization of the cellulose beads, the presence of amines was confirmed with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and the influence of different spacer arms on xylanase activity was established. Furthermore, XOSs (DPs 2-6) with up to 58.27 mg/g xylan were obtained, which were greatly enriched in longer oligosaccharides. Approximately 80% of these XOSs displayed DPs between 4 and 6. These findings highlight the importance of topochemical engineering of carriers to influence enzyme activity, and the work puts forward an enzymatic system focusing on the production of longer xylooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Wever
- Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety Section, Department of Chemical engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, P.O. Box 2424, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Schepper
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20,3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.10, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.10, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20,3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety Section, Department of Chemical engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, P.O. Box 2424, 3001Leuven, Belgium
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Bright Side of Fusarium oxysporum: Secondary Metabolites Bioactivities and Industrial Relevance in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110943. [PMID: 34829230 PMCID: PMC8625159 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have been assured to be one of the wealthiest pools of bio-metabolites with remarkable potential for discovering new drugs. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum affects many valuable trees and crops all over the world, producing wilt. This fungus is a source of different enzymes that have variable industrial and biotechnological applications. Additionally, it is widely employed for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles with various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, industrial, and medicinal applications. Moreover, it possesses a mysterious capacity to produce a wide array of metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as alkaloids, jasmonates, anthranilates, cyclic peptides, cyclic depsipeptides, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids. Therefore, this review will cover the previously reported data on F. oxysporum, especially its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology in the period from 1967 to 2021. In this work, 180 metabolites have been listed and 203 references have been cited.
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Direct Ethanol Production from Xylan and Acorn Using the Starch-Fermenting Basidiomycete Fungus Phlebia acerina. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During our search for ethanol-producing basidiomycete fungi for a wide range of substrates, we isolated Phlebia acerina, which is a white rot basidiomycete fungus. It favorably converted starch into ethanol with approximately 70% yield. Although the yield decreased as the starch concentration increased, growth and fermentation were observed even at 200 g/L of starch. P. acerina produced ethanol from glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, cellobiose, and maltose with 93%, 91%, 86%, 72%, 92%, and 68% yields, respectively. Additionally, P. acerina, which secreted xylanase and xylosidase, was capable of assimilating xylan and directly converting it to ethanol with a yield of 63%. Furthermore, P. acerina produced ethanol directly from acorns, which are plant fruits containing starch and tannins, with a yield of 70%. Tannin delayed mycelia growth, thus prolonging ethanol production; however, this did not particularly affect the yield. These results were similar to those of fermentation in a medium with the same amounts of starch and tannin as the target crop acorn, thus suggesting that P. acerina could successfully produce environmentally friendly ethanol from starch-containing lignocellulosic biomass, unlike previously reported ethanol-producing basidiomycete fungi.
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Marasinghe SD, Jo E, Hettiarachchi SA, Lee Y, Eom TY, Gang Y, Kang YH, Oh C. Characterization of glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanase from Streptomyces sp. strain J103; its synergetic effect with acetyl xylan esterase and enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:129. [PMID: 34238305 PMCID: PMC8265113 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylanase-containing enzyme cocktails are used on an industrial scale to convert xylan into value-added products, as they hydrolyse the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages between xylopyranosyl residues. In the present study, we focused on xynS1, the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 11 xylanase gene derived from the Streptomyces sp. strain J103, which can mediate XynS1 protein synthesis and lignocellulosic material hydrolysis. Results xynS1 has an open reading frame with 693 base pairs that encodes a protein with 230 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protein were 24.47 kDa and 7.92, respectively. The gene was cloned into the pET-11a expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant XynS1 (rXynS1) was purified via His-tag affinity column chromatography. rXynS1 exhibited optimal activity at a pH of 5.0 and temperature of 55 °C. Thermal stability was in the temperature range of 50–55 °C. The estimated Km and Vmax values were 51.4 mg/mL and 898.2 U/mg, respectively. One millimolar of Mn2+ and Na+ ions stimulated the activity of rXynS1 by up to 209% and 122.4%, respectively, and 1 mM Co2+ and Ni2+ acted as inhibitors of the enzyme. The mixture of rXynS1, originates from Streptomyces sp. strain J103 and acetyl xylan esterase (AXE), originating from the marine bacterium Ochrovirga pacifica, enhanced the xylan degradation by 2.27-fold, compared to the activity of rXynS1 alone when Mn2+ was used in the reaction mixture; this reflected the ability of both enzymes to hydrolyse the xylan structure. The use of an enzyme cocktail of rXynS1, AXE, and commercial cellulase (Celluclast® 1.5 L) for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass was more effective than that of commercial cellulase alone, thereby increasing the relative activity 2.3 fold. Conclusion The supplementation of rXynS1 with AXE enhanced the xylan degradation process via the de-esterification of acetyl groups in the xylan structure. Synergetic action of rXynS1 with commercial cellulase improved the hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass; thus, rXynS1 could potentially be used in several industrial applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01619-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svini Dileepa Marasinghe
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jo
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sachithra Amarin Hettiarachchi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Youngdeuk Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yang Eom
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yehui Gang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeok Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670, Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, (34113) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Pagolu R, Singh R, Shanmugam R, Kondaveeti S, Patel SKS, Kalia VC, Lee JK. Site-directed lysine modification of xylanase for oriented immobilization onto silicon dioxide nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125063. [PMID: 33813167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced covalent immobilization of xylanase from Chaetomium globosum (XylCg) onto SiO2 nanoparticles was achieved by the modification of surface residues. The mutation of surface residues to lysine by site-directed mutagenesis increased the immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY). The immobilized mutant XylCg (N172K-H173K-S176K-K133A-K148A) exhibited an IY of 99.5% and IE of 135%, which were 1.8- and 4.3-fold higher than immobilized wildtype (WT). Regarding the catalytic properties, the kcat and kcat/Km values were 1850 s-1 and 2030 mL mg-1 s-1 for the immobilized mutant, and 331 s-1 and 404 mL mg-1 s-1 for the immobilized WT, respectively. Additionally, the immobilized mutant exhibited four times higher thermal stability than the immobilized WT at 60 °C. These results suggest that surface-mutated lysine residues confer good stability and orientation on the support matrix, thus improving the overall performance of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviteja Pagolu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Raushan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanath Kondaveeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Expression and function of an Hac1-regulated multi-copy xylanase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11686. [PMID: 32669586 PMCID: PMC7363925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based expression systems, which rely on safe, food-grade strains, are low cost, simple to operate, and can be used for large-scale fermentation. However, low levels of foreign protein expression by S. cerevisiae have limited their widespread application. The ability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to fold and process foreign proteins is an important factor restricting the expression of foreign proteins. In the current study, the effects of transcription factor Hac1p, which is involved in the unfolded protein response pathway, on S. cerevisiae-based expression of xylanase gene xynB from Aspergillus niger were examined. Overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rDNA integration and droplet digital PCR technology were used to generate a S. cerevisiae strain (S8) containing eight copies of xynB, allowing high-yield secretory expression of xylanase. The effects of subsequent overexpression of HAC1 in strain S8 on the expression of genes associated with protein folding in the ER were then examined using the GeXP system. Results confirmed the constitutive secretory expression of the multiple copies of xynB following rDNA-based integration of the expression cassette, with a maximum xylanase yield of 325 U/mL. However, overexpression of HAC1 further improved xylanase production by strain S8, resulting in a yield of 381 U/mL.
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Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Sujarit K, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Jatuwong K, Vadthanarat S, Lumyong S. Cultivation of Mushrooms and Their Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Through the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122811. [PMID: 32570772 PMCID: PMC7355594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of agro-industrial waste is produced worldwide in various agricultural sectors and by different food industries. The disposal and burning of this waste have created major global environmental problems. Agro-industrial waste mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, all of which are collectively defined as lignocellulosic materials. This waste can serve as a suitable substrate in the solid-state fermentation process involving mushrooms. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies. Therefore, mushroom cultivation can be considered a prominent biotechnological process for the reduction and valorization of agro-industrial waste. Such waste is generated as a result of the eco-friendly conversion of low-value by-products into new resources that can be used to produce value-added products. Here, we have produced a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature. This overview has focused on the use of agro-industrial waste as a growth substrate for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Sujarit
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand;
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Agricultural Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Kritsana Jatuwong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Santhiti Vadthanarat
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +668-1881-3658
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Highly alkali-stable and cellulase-free xylanases from Fusarium sp. 21 and their application in clarification of orange juice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:572-580. [PMID: 32246958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase is a versatile tool in the food, fiber biobleaching and biofuel industries. Here, to discover new enzyme with special properties, we cloned three xylanases (Xyn11A, Xyn11B, and Xyn11C) by mining the genome of the xylanase producing fungus strain Fusarium sp. 21, biochemically characterized these enzyme and explored their potential application in juice processing. Both Xyn11A and Xyn11B had an optimal pH of 6.0 and optimal temperature of 45 °C, and retained >90% of the residual activity at pH range of 5-10.5 for 24 h. Xyn11C displayed the maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 45 °C and outstanding pH stability with a minimal loss of activity in the pH range of 2.0-10.5. These three xylanases displayed a strong specificity towards beechwood and corncob xylan, with no activity for other substrates. Xyn11A showed much a higher activity against corncob xylan, while Xyn11B and Xyn11C presented higher activities against beechwood xylan. Xyn11A catalyzed the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan with a Km of 4.25 ± 0.29 mg·mL-1 and kcat/Km of 30.34 ± 0.65 mL·s-1·mg-1, while the hydrolysis of corncob xylan had Km and kcat/Km values of 14.73 ± 1.43 mg·mL-1and 26.48 ± 0.11 mL·s-1·mg-1, respectively. Xyn11B and Xyn11C hydrolyzed beechwood xylan with Km of 9.8 ± 0.69 mg·mL-1, and 4.89 ± 0.38 mg·mL-1and kcat/Km values of 45.07 ± 1.66 mL-1·mg-1, and 26.95 ± 0.67 mL·s-1·mg-1, respectively. Beechwood xylan hydrolysates catalyzed by these three xylanases contained xylobiose, xylotriose and xylooligosaccharides (XOS). The clarification of orange juice was improved when treated with these three xylanases. Conclusively, the desirable pH stability and substrate specificity make Xyn11A, Xyn11B and Xyn11C have high potential for application in fiber biobleaching, wine and fruit juice clarification, as well as probiotic XOS production.
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Thornbury M, Sicheri J, Slaine P, Getz LJ, Finlayson-Trick E, Cook J, Guinard C, Boudreau N, Jakeman D, Rohde J, McCormick C. Characterization of novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes from the porcupine microbiome using synthetic metagenomics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209221. [PMID: 30601862 PMCID: PMC6314593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, collectively known as lignocellulose. Microorganisms degrade lignocellulose to liberate sugars to meet metabolic demands. Using a metagenomic sequencing approach, we previously demonstrated that the microbiome of the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is replete with genes that could encode lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Here, we report the identification, synthesis and partial characterization of four novel genes from the porcupine microbiome encoding putative lignocellulose-degrading enzymes: β-glucosidase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, β-xylosidase, and endo-1,4-β-xylanase. These genes were identified via conserved catalytic domains associated with cellulose- and hemicellulose-degradation. Phylogenetic trees were created for each of these putative enzymes to depict genetic relatedness to known enzymes. Candidate genes were synthesized and cloned into plasmid expression vectors for inducible protein expression and secretion. The putative β-glucosidase fusion protein was efficiently secreted but did not permit Escherichia coli (E. coli) to use cellobiose as a sole carbon source, nor did the affinity purified enzyme cleave p-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) substrate in vitro over a range of physiological pH levels (pH 5–7). The putative hemicellulose-degrading β-xylosidase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase enzymes also lacked in vitro enzyme activity, but the affinity purified endo-1,4-β-xylanase protein cleaved a 6-chloro-4-methylumbelliferyl xylobioside substrate in acidic and neutral conditions, with maximal activity at pH 7. At this optimal pH, KM, Vmax, and kcat were determined to be 32.005 ± 4.72 μM, 1.16x10-5 ± 3.55x10-7 M/s, and 94.72 s-1, respectively. Thus, our pipeline enabled successful identification and characterization of a novel hemicellulose-degrading enzyme from the porcupine microbiome. Progress towards the goal of introducing a complete lignocellulose-degradation pathway into E. coli will be accelerated by combining synthetic metagenomic approaches with functional metagenomic library screening, which can identify novel enzymes unrelated to those found in available databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Thornbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jacob Sicheri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Slaine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Landon J. Getz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emma Finlayson-Trick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jamie Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Caroline Guinard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Jakeman
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Screening of Fusarium sp. for xylan and cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes and perspectives for the saccharification of delignified sugarcane bagasse. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Basit A, Liu J, Miao T, Zheng F, Rahim K, Lou H, Jiang W. Characterization of Two Endo-β-1, 4-Xylanases from Myceliophthora thermophila and Their Saccharification Efficiencies, Synergistic with Commercial Cellulase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:233. [PMID: 29491860 PMCID: PMC5817056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The xylanases with high specific activity and resistance to harsh conditions are of high practical value for biomass utilization. In the present study, two new GH11 xylanase genes, MYCTH_56237 and MYCTH_49824, have been cloned from thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The specific activities of purified xylanases reach approximately 1,533.7 and 1,412.5 U/mg, respectively. Based on multiple template-based homology modeling, the structures of their catalytic domains are predicted. Enzyme activity was more effective in 7.5 L fermentor, yielding 2,010.4 and 2,004.2 U/mL, respectively. Both enzymes exhibit optimal activity at 60°C with pH of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Their activities are not affected by EDTA and an array of metal ions. The kinetic constants have been determined for MYCTH_56237 (Km = 8.80 mg/mL, Vmax = 2,380 U/mg) and MYCTH_49824 (Km = 5.67 mg/mL, Vmax = 1,750 U/mg). More importantly, both xylanases significantly cooperate with the commercial cellulase Celluclast 1.5 L in terms of the saccharification efficiency. All these biochemical properties of the xylanases offer practical potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhen Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Basit A, Liu J, Rahim K, Jiang W, Lou H. Thermophilic xylanases: from bench to bottle. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:989-1002. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1425662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Protein homology modeling, docking, and phylogenetic analyses of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase GH11 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-017-1291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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