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Kalita S, Ohlsson JA, Karlsson Potter H, Nordberg Å, Sandgren M, Hansson PA. Energy performance of compressed biomethane gas production from co-digestion of Salix and dairy manure: factoring differences between Salix varieties. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37924121 PMCID: PMC10625243 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Biogas from anaerobic digestion is a versatile energy carrier that can be upgraded to compressed biomethane gas (CBG) as a renewable and sustainable alternative to natural gas. Organic residues and energy crops are predicted to be major sources of bioenergy production in the future. Pre-treatment can reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic energy crops such as Salix to anaerobic digestion, making it a potential biogas feedstock. This lignocellulosic material can be co-digested with animal manure, which has the complementary effect of increasing volumetric biogas yield. Salix varieties exhibit variations in yield, composition and biomethane potential values, which can have a significant effect on the overall biogas production system. This study assessed the impact of Salix varietal differences on the overall mass and energy balance of a co-digestion system using steam pre-treated Salix biomass and dairy manure (DaM) to produce CBG as the final product. Six commercial Salix varieties cultivated under unfertilised and fertilised conditions were compared. Energy and mass flows along this total process chain, comprising Salix cultivation, steam pre-treatment, biogas production and biogas upgrading to CBG, were evaluated. Two scenarios were considered: a base scenario without heat recovery and a scenario with heat recovery. The results showed that Salix variety had a significant effect on energy output-input ratio (R), with R values in the base scenario of 1.57-1.88 and in the heat recovery scenario of 2.36-2.94. In both scenarios, unfertilised var. Tordis was the best energy performer, while the fertilised var. Jorr was the worst. Based on this energy performance, Salix could be a feasible feedstock for co-digestion with DaM, although its R value was at the lower end of the range reported previously for energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kalita
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas A Ohlsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Nordberg
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sigtryggsson C, Karlsson Potter H, Passoth V, Hansson PA. From straw to salmon: a technical design and energy balance for production of yeast oil for fish feed from wheat straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:140. [PMID: 37730644 PMCID: PMC10512599 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaculture is a major user of plant-derived feed ingredients, such as vegetable oil. Production of vegetable oil and protein is generally more energy-intensive than production of the marine ingredients they replace, so increasing inclusion of vegetable ingredients increases the energy demand of the feed. Microbial oils, such as yeast oil made by fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate, have been proposed as a complement to plant oils, but energy assessments of microbial oil production are needed. This study presents a mass and energy balance for a biorefinery producing yeast oil through conversion of wheat straw hydrolysate, with co-production of biomethane and power. RESULTS The results showed that 1 tonne of yeast oil (37 GJ) would require 9.2 tonnes of straw, 14.7 GJ in fossil primary energy demand, 14.6 GJ of process electricity and 13.3 GJ of process heat, while 21.5 GJ of biomethane (430 kg) and 6 GJ of excess power would be generated simultaneously. By applying economic allocation, the fossil primary energy demand was estimated to 11.9 GJ per tonne oil. CONCLUSIONS Fossil primary energy demand for yeast oil in the four scenarios studied was estimated to be 10-38% lower than for the commonly used rapeseed oil and process energy demand could be met by parallel combustion of lignin residues. Therefore, feed oil can be produced from existing non-food biomass without causing agricultural expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sigtryggsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Karlsson Potter
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Passoth V, Brandenburg J, Chmielarz M, Martín-Hernández GC, Nagaraj Y, Müller B, Blomqvist J. Oleaginous yeasts for biochemicals, biofuels and food from lignocellulose-hydrolysate and crude glycerol. Yeast 2023; 40:290-302. [PMID: 36597618 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipids produced from lignocellulose and crude glycerol (CG) can serve as sustainable alternatives to vegetable oils, whose production is, in many cases, accompanied by monocultures, land use changes or rain forest clearings. Our projects aim to understand the physiology of microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeasts, optimise the production and establish novel applications of microbial lipid compounds. We have established methods for fermentation and intracellular lipid quantification. Following the kinetics of lipid accumulation in different strains, we found high variability in lipid formation even between very closely related oleaginous yeast strains on both, wheat straw hydrolysate and CG. For example, on complete wheat straw hydrolysate, we saw that one Rhodotorula glutinis strain, when starting assimilating D-xylosealso assimilated the accumulated lipids, while a Rhodotorula babjevae strain could accumulate lipids on D-xylose. Two strains (Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14 and R. glutinis CBS 3044) were found to be the best out of 27 tested to accumulate lipids on CG. Interestingly, the presence of hemicellulose hydrolysate stimulated glycerol assimilation in both strains. Apart from microbial oil, R. toruloides also produces carotenoids. The first attempts of extraction using the classical acetone-based method showed that β-carotene is the major carotenoid. However, there are indications that there are also substantial amounts of torulene and torularhodin, which have a very high potential as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Klinisk Mikrobiologi Falun, Falun Lasarett, Falun, Sweden
| | - Mikołaj Chmielarz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Yashaswini Nagaraj
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Velvizhi G, Nair R, Goswami C, Arumugam SK, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Carbon credit reduction: A techno-economic analysis of "drop-in" fuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120507. [PMID: 36341830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study elucidates the fundamentals of technical, financial, and environmental viability of the processes used for sustainable "drop-in" fuel generation. At present, the price of producing "drop-in" fuels is around two times as costly (5-6 USD/gallon) as the cost of fossil fuels (3 USD/gallon), especially when using second-generation feedstocks. Hence, this necessitates a comprehensive techno-economic understanding of the current technologies with respect to "drop-in"-fuel. This entitles technical-economic viability, and environmental sustainability to make the processes involved commercially viable. In this context, the present review addresses unique contrasts among the various processes involved in "drop-in" fuel production. Furthermore, principles and process flow of techno-economic analysis as well as environmental implications in terms of reduced carbon footprint and carbon credit are elucidated to discuss fundamentals of techno-economic analysis in terms of capital and operational expenditure, revenue, simulation, cash flow analysis, mass and energy balances with respect to evidence-based practices. Case specific techno-economic studies with current developments in this field of research with emphasis on software tools viz., Aspen Plus, Aspen HYSIS, Aspen Plus Economic Analyser (APEC) Aspen Icarus Process Evaluator (AIPE) are also highlighted. The study also emphasis on the carbon foot print of biofuels and its carbon credits (Carbon Offset Credits (COCs) and Carbon Reduction Credits (CRCs)) by leveraging a deep technical and robust business-oriented insights about the techno-economic analysis (TEA) exclusively for the biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Rishika Nair
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Chandamita Goswami
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India
| | | | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth for Improved Holocellulosic Saccharification and Fermentative Co-Production of Xylitol and Lipids Using Rhodosporidium toruloides NCIM 3547. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, delignification of water hyacinth (WH) using a mild ionic liquid-like chemical deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized using choline chloride and urea was conducted and the process parameters were optimized by Box–Behnken design (BBD)-based response surface methodology (RSM). From the results, a delignification of 64.32 ± 4.08% (w/w) was obtained under 1:12.5 (biomass:DES ratio), 4.63 h (time) and 87 °C (temperature). Further, a dilute sulphuric acid (2%, v/v) hydrolysis was carried out to destabilize the hemicellulose that resulted in 23.7 ± 0.50 g/L of xylose. Fermentation of the obtained xylose was carried out using a red oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides NCIM 3547, with free and Ca2+-alginate-immobilized cells for xylitol production under microaerophilic conditions and obtained yields of 4.73 ± 0.40 g/L (168 h) and 9.18 ± 0.10 g/L (packed bed reactor with a retention time of 18 h), respectively. Further, when the same fermentation was performed under aerobic conditions about 40.93 ± 0.73% lipid accumulation was observed with free cells. For saccharification, Aspergillus-niger-derived cellulase was used and this resulted in a yield of 27.45 ± 0.04 g/L of glucose. The glucose-enriched hydrolysate was supplemented for fermentation under nitrogen starved conditions from which 46.81 ± 2.60% (w/w) lipid content was obtained.
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Yadav AK, Kuila A, Garlapati VK. Biodiesel Production from Brassica juncea Using Oleaginous Yeast. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4066-4080. [PMID: 35593952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the potential of Brassica juncea as a low-cost substrate for biodiesel production through the growth of oleaginous yeast. Firstly, the selected lignocellulosic biomass, i.e., Brassica juncea, was thermochemically pretreated using dilute sodium hydroxide. Optimization of thermochemical pretreatment resulted in significant removal of lignin and hemicellulose with 8.4% increase in cellulose content. Further, the sugar hydrolysate of pretreated biomass was used as a substrate for the growth of selected oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455). Lipid and biomass production was optimized using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum biomass and lipid content of 32.50 g/L and 11.05 g/L, respectively, was obtained at 30 °C temperature, pH 6.0, and after 5 days of incubation. The oleaginous yeast lipid was further transesterified using immobilized lipase. The highest fatty acid methyl ester 15% FAME yield was obtained after 10 h of enzymatic reaction. Next, the results of specific gravity, viscosity, flash points, and cloud point of obtained biodiesels were conformed to the ASTM D975 standard. Overall, the present study put forth the cost-effective approach for lignocellulosic biomass-based oleaginous lipid production toward the green synthesis of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Arindam Kuila
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173234.
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Jadhav AH, Ikram M, Ul-Hamid A, Ali MW, Hassan NS. Sustainable biodiesel generation through catalytic transesterification of waste sources: a literature review and bibliometric survey. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1604-1627. [PMID: 35425206 PMCID: PMC8979057 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually. One solution is biodiesel production via the transesterification process, which is environmentally feasible due to its low-emission diesel substitute. Significant issues arising with biodiesel production are the cost of the processes, which has stuck its sustainability and the applicability of different resources. In this article, the common biodiesel feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, waste oil and animal fats and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed according to the Web of Science (WOS) database over the timeframe of 1970-2020. The biodiesel feedstock has water or free fatty acid, but it will produce soap by reacting free fatty acids with an alkali catalyst when they present in high portion. This reaction is unfavourable and decreases the biodiesel product yield. This issue can be solved by designing multiple transesterification stages or by employing acidic catalysts to prevent saponification. The second solution is cheaper than the first one and even more applicable because of the abundant source of catalytic materials from a waste product such as rice husk ash, chicken eggshells, fly ash, red mud, steel slag, and coconut shell and lime mud. The overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is summarized, and the catalyst promoters and prospects of biodiesel production are also suggested. This research provides beneficial ideas for catalyst synthesis from waste for the transesterification process economically, environmentally and industrially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sahida Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
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Triacyl Glycerols from Yeast-Catalyzed Batch and Fed-Batch Bioconversion of Hydrolyzed Lignocellulose from Cardoon Stalks. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipogenic ability of the yeast Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870 grown on hydrolyzed lignocellulose obtained from cardoon stalks was evaluated. Data on cell biomass, lipid production, and fatty acid profiles of triacylglycerols obtained in batch and fed-batch experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale in a 5L fermenter, and at two different temperatures (20 and 25 °C) were reported. The higher production of total intracellular lipids (13.81 g/L) was found in the fed-batch experiments carried out at 20 °C. S. terricola exhibited the ability to produce high amounts of triacylglycerol (TAGs) with a characteristic fatty acids profile close to that of palm oil. The TAGs obtained from S. terricola grown on pre-treated lignocellulose could be proposed as a supplementary source of oleochemicals. Indeed, due to the rising prices of fossil fuels and because of the environmental-related issues linked to their employment, the use of TAGs produced by S. terricola grown on lignocellulose could represent a promising option as a supplementary oleochemical, especially for biodiesel production.
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Wang Y, Van Le Q, Yang H, Lam SS, Yang Y, Gu H, Sonne C, Peng W. Progress in microbial biomass conversion into green energy. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130835. [PMID: 33992848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in global population size over the past 100 decades has doubled the requirements for energy resources. To mitigate the limited fossil fuel available, new clean energy sources being environmental sustainable for replacement of traditional energy sources are explored to supplement the current scarcity. Biomass containing lignin and cellulose is the main raw material to replace fossil energy given its abundance and lower emission of greenhouse gases and NOx when transformed into energy. Bacteria, fungi and algae decompose lignocellulose leading to generation of hydrogen, methane, bioethanol and biodiesel being the clean energy used for heating, power generation and the automobile industry. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to decompose biomass in wastewater to generate electricity and remove heavy metals in wastewater. Biomass contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other biomacromolecules which need hydrolyzation for conversion into small molecules by corresponding enzymes in order to be utilized by microorganisms. This paper discusses microbial decomposition of biomass into clean energy and the five major ways of clean energy production, and its economic benefits for future renewable energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacheng Wang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Abstract
In this study, the densification of three agriculture waste biomasses (corn cobs, cotton stalks, and sunflower) is investigated using the torrefaction technique. The samples were pyrolyzed under mild temperature conditions (200–320 °C) and at different residence times (10 min–60 min). The thermal properties of the obtained bio-char samples were analyzed via thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Compositional analysis of the torrefied samples was also carried out to determine the presence of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents. According to the results of this study, optimum temperature conditions were found to be 260 °C–300 °C along with a residence time of 20 min–30 min. Based on the composition analysis, it was found that biochar contains more lignin and celluloses and lower hemicellulose contents than do the original samples. The removal of volatile hemicelluloses broke the interlocking of biomass building blocks, rendering biochar brittle, grindable, and less reactive. The results of this study would be helpful in bettering our understanding of the conversion of agricultural waste residues into valuable, solid biofuels for use in energy recovery schemes. The optimum temperature condition, residence time, and GCV for torrefied corn cobs were found to be 290 °C, 20 min, and 5444 kcal/kg, respectively. The optimum temperature condition, residence time, and GCV for torrefied cotton balls were found to be 270 °C, 30 min, and 4481 Kcal/kg, respectively. In the case of sunflower samples, the mass yield of the torrefied sample decreased from 85% to 71% by increasing the residence time from 10 min to 60 min, respectively.
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Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Shapaval V, Kohler A, Sampels S, Sandgren M, Passoth V. Oleaginous yeasts respond differently to carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:124. [PMID: 34051838 PMCID: PMC8164748 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial oils, generated from lignocellulosic material, have great potential as renewable and sustainable alternatives to fossil-based fuels and chemicals. By unravelling the diversity of lipid accumulation physiology in different oleaginous yeasts grown on the various carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate (LH), new targets for optimisation of lipid accumulation can be identified. Monitoring lipid formation over time is essential for understanding lipid accumulation physiology. This study investigated lipid accumulation in a variety of oleaginous ascomycetous and basidiomycetous strains grown in glucose and xylose and followed lipid formation kinetics of selected strains in wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH). RESULTS Twenty-nine oleaginous yeast strains were tested for their ability to utilise glucose and xylose, the main sugars present in WSH. Evaluation of sugar consumption and lipid accumulation revealed marked differences in xylose utilisation capacity between the yeast strains, even between those belonging to the same species. Five different promising strains, belonging to the species Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula babjevae and Rhodotorula toruloides, were grown on undiluted wheat straw hydrolysate and lipid accumulation was followed over time, using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All five strains were able to grow on undiluted WSH and to accumulate lipids, but to different extents and with different productivities. R. babjevae DVBPG 8058 was the best-performing strain, accumulating 64.8% of cell dry weight (CDW) as lipids. It reached a culture density of 28 g/L CDW in batch cultivation, resulting in a lipid content of 18.1 g/L and yield of 0.24 g lipids per g carbon source. This strain formed lipids from the major carbon sources in hydrolysate, glucose, acetate and xylose. R. glutinis CBS 2367 also consumed these carbon sources, but when assimilating xylose it consumed intracellular lipids simultaneously. Rhodotorula strains contained a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids than the two tested Lipomyces starkeyi strains. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable metabolic diversity among oleaginous yeasts, even between closely related species and strains, especially when converting xylose to biomass and lipids. Monitoring the kinetics of lipid accumulation and identifying the molecular basis of this diversity are keys to selecting suitable strains for high lipid production from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chmielarz M, Blomqvist J, Sampels S, Sandgren M, Passoth V. Microbial lipid production from crude glycerol and hemicellulosic hydrolysate with oleaginous yeasts. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:65. [PMID: 33712047 PMCID: PMC7953724 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crude glycerol (CG) and hemicellulose hydrolysate (HH) are low-value side-products of biodiesel transesterification and pulp-and paper industry or lignocellulosic ethanol production, respectively, which can be converted to microbial lipids by oleaginous yeasts. This study aimed to test the ability of oleaginous yeasts to utilise CG and HH and mixtures of them as carbon source. RESULTS Eleven out of 27 tested strains of oleaginous yeast species were able to grow in plate tests on CG as sole carbon source. Among them, only one ascomycetous strain, belonging to Lipomyces starkeyi, was identified, the other 10 strains were Rhodotorula spec. When yeasts were cultivated in mixed CG/ HH medium, we observed an activation of glycerol conversion in the Rhodotorula strains, but not in L. starkeyi. Two strains-Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14 and Rhodotorula glutinis CBS 3044 were further tested in controlled fermentations in bioreactors in different mixtures of CG and HH. The highest measured average biomass and lipid concentration were achieved with R. toruloides in 10% HH medium mixed with 55 g/L CG-19.4 g/L and 10.6 g/L, respectively, with a lipid yield of 0.25 g lipids per consumed g of carbon source. Fatty acid composition was similar to other R. toruloides strains and comparable to that of vegetable oils. CONCLUSIONS There were big strain differences in the ability to convert CG to lipids, as only few of the tested strains were able to grow. Lipid production rates and yields showed that mixing GC and HH have a stimulating effect on lipid accumulation in R. toruloides and R. glutinis resulting in shortened fermentation time to reach maximum lipid concentration, which provides a new perspective on converting these low-value compounds to microbial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Chmielarz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Selva C, Riboni M, Baumann U, Würschum T, Whitford R, Tucker MR. Hybrid breeding in wheat: how shaping floral biology can offer new perspectives. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:675-694. [PMID: 32534601 DOI: 10.1071/fp19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has the potential to deliver major yield increases. This is a requisite to guarantee food security for increasing population demands and to counterbalance the effects of extreme environmental conditions. Successful hybrid breeding in wheat relies on forced outcrossing while preventing self-pollination. To achieve this, research has been directed towards identifying and improving fertility control systems. To maximise cross-pollination and seed set, however, fertility control systems need to be complemented by breeding phenotypically distinct male and female lines. This review summarises existing and novel male sterility systems for wheat hybridisation. We also consider the genetic resources that can be used to alter wheat's floral development and spike morphology, with a focus on the genetic variation already available. Exploiting these resources can lead to enhanced outcrossing, a key requirement in the progress towards hybrid wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Selva
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Matteo Riboni
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ryan Whitford
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Passoth V, Sandgren M. Biofuel production from straw hydrolysates: current achievements and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5105-5116. [PMID: 31081521 PMCID: PMC6570699 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Straw is an agricultural residue of the production of e.g. cereals, rapeseed or sunflowers. It includes dried stalks, leaves, and empty ears and corncobs, which are separated from the grains during harvest. Straw is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock with a beneficial greenhouse gas balance for the production of biofuels and chemicals. Like all lignocellulosic materials, straw is recalcitrant and requires thermochemical and enzymatic pretreatment to enable access to the three major biopolymers of straw-the polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose and the polyaromatic compound lignin. Straw is used for commercial ethanol and biogas production. Considerable research has also been conducted to produce biobutanol, biodiesel and biochemicals from this raw material, but more research is required to establish them on a commercial scale. The major hindrance for launching industrial biofuel and chemicals' production from straw is the high cost necessitated by pretreatment of the material. Improvements of microbial strains, production and extraction technologies, as well as co-production of high-value compounds represent ways of establishing straw as feedstock for the production of biofuels, chemicals and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chmielarz M, Sampels S, Blomqvist J, Brandenburg J, Wende F, Sandgren M, Passoth V. FT-NIR: a tool for rapid intracellular lipid quantification in oleaginous yeasts. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:169. [PMID: 31297157 PMCID: PMC6599325 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid extraction for quantification of fat content in oleaginous yeasts often requires strong acids and harmful organic solvents; it is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, in most cases just endpoint measurements of lipid accumulation are performed and kinetics of intracellular lipid accumulation is difficult to follow. To address this, we created a prediction model using Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. This method allows to measure lipid content in yeast. METHODS The FT-NIR calibration sets were constructed from spectra of freeze-dried cells of the oleaginous yeasts Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14, Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1807 and Yarrowia lipolytica CBS 6114. The yeast cells were obtained from different cultivation conditions. Freeze-dried cell pellets were scanned using FT-NIR in the Multi Purpose Analyser (MPA) from Bruker. The obtained spectra were assigned corresponding to total fat content, obtained from lipid extraction using a modified Folch method. Quantification models using partial least squares (PLS) regression were built, and the calibration sets were validated on independently cultivated samples. The R. toruloides model was additionally tested on Rhodotorula babjevae DBVPG 8058 and Rhodotorula glutinis CBS 2387. RESULTS The R 2 of the FT-NIR model for R. toruloides was 98%, and the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) was 1.53. The model was validated using a separate set of R. toruloides samples with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 3.21. The R 2 of the Lipomyces model was 96%, with RMSECV 2.4 and RMSEP 3.8. The R 2 of the mixed model, including all tested yeast strains, was 90.5%, with RMSECV 2.76 and RMSEP 3.22, respectively. The models were verified by predicting the total fat content in newly cultivated and freeze-dried samples. Additionally, the kinetics of lipid accumulation of a culture were followed and compared with standard lipid extraction methods. CONCLUSIONS Using FT-NIR spectroscopy, we have developed a faster, less laborious and non-destructive quantification of yeast intracellular lipid content compared to methods using lipid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Chmielarz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences: NMBU, P.O.Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frida Wende
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Shapaval V, Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Tafintseva V, Passoth V, Sandgren M, Kohler A. Biochemical profiling, prediction of total lipid content and fatty acid profile in oleaginous yeasts by FTIR spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:140. [PMID: 31178928 PMCID: PMC6551905 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous yeasts are considered as a potential lipid source for food, feed and biofuel production. In order to make the yeast-based lipid production environmentally and economically sustainable, there is a need for screening studies in order to find the best yeast lipid producers on different substrates, and to optimize cultivation conditions. Since the target parameter of such screening studies are lipid amounts and profiles, an analytical technique that is able to perform lipid analyses rapidly, reproducible and with high precision is highly desirable. The main objective of this study was to establish the non-invasive high-throughput Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis for the prediction of lipid content and profile in oleaginous yeasts. RESULTS High-throughput FTIR spectroscopy allowed characterizing the total biochemical profile of oleaginous yeasts and enabled us to identify strains and substrate(s) providing the highest total lipid content. Some of the yeast strains grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions with glucose/xylose/mixture of glucose and xylose as carbon sources were accumulating lipids with a high proportion of free fatty acids. FTIR spectra were used to predict gravimetric and gas chromatography data by establishing multivariate calibration models. Coefficients of determination (R 2) for calibration models were obtained in a range between 0.62 and 0.92 for predicting lipid content. When using an independent test set, R 2 values between 0.53 and 0.79 were achieved for predicting fatty acid profile. The best spectral region(s) for the prediction of total lipid content was 3100-2800 cm-1 combined with 1800-700 cm-1, and for prediction of summed saturated (SAT), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids: 3100-2800 cm-1, 3100-2800 cm-1 combined with 1700-1715 cm-1 and 3100-2800 cm-1 combined with 1800-1715 cm-1, respectively. The highest lipid accumulation was observed for strains Rhodotorula babjevae DBVPG 8058 on glucose and mixture of glucose and xylose and Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 2512 on xylose. CONCLUSIONS Applying FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis allows performing rapid, non-invasive, reproducible and precise quantitative predictions of total lipid content and lipid profile. It allows also detecting different lipid fractions as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and free fatty acids and evaluating the total biochemical profile of cells. Several yeast strains with high lipid accumulation were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Tiukova IA, Brandenburg J, Blomqvist J, Sampels S, Mikkelsen N, Skaugen M, Arntzen MØ, Nielsen J, Sandgren M, Kerkhoven EJ. Proteome analysis of xylose metabolism in Rhodotorula toruloides during lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:137. [PMID: 31171938 PMCID: PMC6547517 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula toruloides is a promising platform organism for production of lipids from lignocellulosic substrates. Little is known about the metabolic aspects of lipid production from the lignocellolosic sugar xylose by oleaginous yeasts in general and R. toruloides in particular. This study presents the first proteome analysis of the metabolism of R. toruloides during conversion of xylose to lipids. RESULTS Rhodotorula toruloides cultivated on either glucose or xylose was subjected to comparative analysis of its growth dynamics, lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and proteome. The maximum growth and sugar uptake rate of glucose-grown R. toruloides cells were almost twice that of xylose-grown cells. Cultivation on xylose medium resulted in a lower final biomass yield although final cellular lipid content was similar between glucose- and xylose-grown cells. Analysis of lipid classes revealed the presence of monoacylglycerol in the early exponential growth phase as well as a high proportion of free fatty acids. Carbon source-specific changes in lipid profiles were only observed at early exponential growth phase, where C18 fatty acids were more saturated in xylose-grown cells. Proteins involved in sugar transport, initial steps of xylose assimilation and NADPH regeneration were among the proteins whose levels increased the most in xylose-grown cells across all time points. The levels of enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway, phospholipid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis differed in response to carbon source. In addition, xylose-grown cells contained higher levels of enzymes involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation and oxidative stress response compared to cells cultivated on glucose. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study suggest that sugar import is the limiting step during xylose conversion by R. toruloides into lipids. NADPH appeared to be regenerated primarily through pentose phosphate pathway although it may also involve malic enzyme as well as alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Increases in enzyme levels of both fatty acid biosynthesis and beta-oxidation in xylose-grown cells was predicted to result in a futile cycle. The results presented here are valuable for the development of lipid production processes employing R. toruloides on xylose-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia A. Tiukova
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Awad D, Bohnen F, Mehlmer N, Brueck T. Multi-Factorial-Guided Media Optimization for Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Formation by the Oleaginous Yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:54. [PMID: 30984750 PMCID: PMC6448043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional, oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is flagged as an industrial cell factory for generation of oleochemicals and biofuels due to its substrate flexibility and high triglyceride yields. In this study, we employed a computational Response Surface Methodology to guide and streamline the experimental media optimization matrix with 12 nitrogen and 10 carbon sources in order to provide for high biomass and lipid accumulation toward an industrially relevant fermentation process. The resulting data provide new insights into C. oleaginosus physiology under variable nutritional states. Accordingly, the lipid content % (lipid weight/yeast dry weight) is controlled by a defined interplay between carbon and nitrogen. In our experimental setup, the highest biomass (18.4 ± 2.20 g/L) and lipid yield (9 ± 0.34 g/L; 49.74 ± 5.16% g lipid weight/g yeast dry cell weight) were obtained with lactose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources at an elemental weight ratio of 120:1, respectively. Interestingly, with ammonium salts as a N-source, the intracellularly accumulated triglycerides increasingly contain saturated fatty acids, which provides a new route to generate tailored fatty acid profiles for specific oleochemicals or food applications. Our data indicate that a metabolic ceiling for lipid accumulation in C. oleaginosus is obtained with the correct carbon and nitrogen source mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Microbial oil produced from the fermentation of microwave-depolymerised rapeseed meal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Blomqvist J, Pickova J, Tilami SK, Sampels S, Mikkelsen N, Brandenburg J, Sandgren M, Passoth V. Oleaginous yeast as a component in fish feed. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15945. [PMID: 30374026 PMCID: PMC6206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the replacement of vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi grown in lignocellulose (wheat straw) hydrolysate. VO is extensively used to partially replace fish oil in aquaculture feed, which can be seen as non-sustainable. VO itself is becoming a limited resource. Plant oils are used in many different applications, including food, feed and biodiesel. Its replacement in non-food applications is desirable. For this purpose, yeast cells containing 43% lipids per g dry weight were mechanically disrupted and incorporated into the fish feed. There were no significant differences in this pilot study, regarding weight and length gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index between the control and the yeast oil fed group. Fatty and amino acid composition of diet from both groups was comparable. Our results in fish demonstrate that it is possible to replace VO by yeast oil produced from lignocellulose, which may broaden the range of raw materials for food production and add value to residual products of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Blomqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jana Pickova
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarvenaz Khalili Tilami
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mikkelsen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jule Brandenburg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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21
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Brandenburg J, Poppele I, Blomqvist J, Puke M, Pickova J, Sandgren M, Rapoport A, Vedernikovs N, Passoth V. Bioethanol and lipid production from the enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat straw after furfural extraction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6269-6277. [PMID: 29804136 PMCID: PMC6013517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates biofuel production from wheat straw hydrolysate, from which furfural was extracted using a patented method developed at the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry. The solid remainder after furfural extraction, corresponding to 67.6% of the wheat straw dry matter, contained 69.9% cellulose of which 4% was decomposed during the furfural extraction and 26.3% lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis released 44% of the glucose monomers in the cellulose. The resulting hydrolysate contained mainly glucose and very little amount of acetic acid. Xylose was not detectable. Consequently, the undiluted hydrolysate did not inhibit growth of yeast strains belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Rhodotorula babjevae. In the fermentations, average final ethanol concentrations of 23.85 g/l were obtained, corresponding to a yield of 0.53 g ethanol per g released glucose. L. starkeyi generated lipids with a rate of 0.08 g/h and a yield of 0.09 g per g consumed glucose. R. babjevae produced lipids with a rate of 0.18 g/h and a yield of 0.17 per g consumed glucose. In both yeasts, desaturation increased during cultivation. Remarkably, the R. babjevae strain used in this study produced considerable amounts of heptadecenoic, α,- and γ-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Brandenburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ieva Poppele
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maris Puke
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Vedernikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Str. 27/345, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O.-Box 7015, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Tasselli G, Filippucci S, Borsella E, D’Antonio S, Gelosia M, Cavalaglio G, Turchetti B, Sannino C, Onofri A, Mastrolitti S, De Bari I, Cotana F, Buzzini P. Yeast lipids from cardoon stalks, stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues as possible extra sources of oils for producing biofuels and biochemicals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:147. [PMID: 29796088 PMCID: PMC5964688 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks occur in Mediterranean Countries. They are still largely unexploited and cause considerable problems due to the lack of cost-effective harvesting, storage and disposal technologies. Recent studies found that some basidiomycetous yeasts are able to accumulate high amount of intracellular lipids for biorefinery processes (i.e., biofuels and biochemicals). Accordingly, the above biomass feedstocks could be used as carbon sources (after their pre-treatment and hydrolysis) for lipid accumulation by oleaginous yeasts. RESULTS Cardoon stalks, stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues were pre-treated with steam-explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis for releasing free mono- and oligosaccharides. Lipid accumulation tests were performed at two temperatures (20 and 25 °C) using Leucosporidium creatinivorum DBVPG 4794, Naganishia adeliensis DBVPG 5195 and Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870. S. terricola grown on cardoon stalks at 20 °C exhibited the highest lipid production (13.20 g/l), a lipid yield (28.95%) close to the maximum theoretical value and a lipid composition similar to that found in palm oil. On the contrary, N. adeliensis grown on stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues exhibited a lipid composition similar to those of olive and almonds oils. A predictive evaluation of the physical properties of the potential biodiesel obtainable by lipids produced by tested yeast strains has been reported and discussed. CONCLUSIONS Lipids produced by some basidiomycetous yeasts grown on Mediterranean lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks could be used as supplementary sources of oils for producing biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tasselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Filippucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Borsella
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Antonio
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Gelosia
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavalaglio
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Mastrolitti
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Isabella De Bari
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Franco Cotana
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Yenkie KM, Wu W, Maravelias CT. Synthesis and analysis of separation networks for the recovery of intracellular chemicals generated from microbial-based conversions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:119. [PMID: 28503196 PMCID: PMC5422901 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioseparations can contribute to more than 70% in the total production cost of a bio-based chemical, and if the desired chemical is localized intracellularly, there can be additional challenges associated with its recovery. Based on the properties of the desired chemical and other components in the stream, there can be multiple feasible options for product recovery. These options are composed of several alternative technologies, performing similar tasks. The suitability of a technology for a particular chemical depends on (1) its performance parameters, such as separation efficiency; (2) cost or amount of added separating agent; (3) properties of the bioreactor effluent (e.g., biomass titer, product content); and (4) final product specifications. Our goal is to first synthesize alternative separation options and then analyze how technology selection affects the overall process economics. To achieve this, we propose an optimization-based framework that helps in identifying the critical technologies and parameters. RESULTS We study the separation networks for two representative classes of chemicals based on their properties. The separation network is divided into three stages: cell and product isolation (stage I), product concentration (II), and product purification and refining (III). Each stage exploits differences in specific product properties for achieving the desired product quality. The cost contribution analysis for the two cases (intracellular insoluble and intracellular soluble) reveals that stage I is the key cost contributor (>70% of the overall cost). Further analysis suggests that changes in input conditions and technology performance parameters lead to new designs primarily in stage I. CONCLUSIONS The proposed framework provides significant insights for technology selection and assists in making informed decisions regarding technologies that should be used in combination for a given set of stream/product properties and final output specifications. Additionally, the parametric sensitivity provides an opportunity to make crucial design and selection decisions in a comprehensive and rational manner. This will prove valuable in the selection of chemicals to be produced using bioconversions (bioproducts) as well as in creating better bioseparation flow sheets for detailed economic assessment and process implementation on the commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti M. Yenkie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
| | - Wenzhao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1691 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA
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24
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Karlsson H, Ahlgren S, Sandgren M, Passoth V, Wallberg O, Hansson PA. Greenhouse gas performance of biochemical biodiesel production from straw: soil organic carbon changes and time-dependent climate impact. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:217. [PMID: 28924452 PMCID: PMC5598076 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of bio-based diesel is increasing in Europe. It is currently produced from oilseed crops, but can also be generated from lignocellulosic biomass such as straw. However, removing straw affects soil organic carbon (SOC), with potential consequences for the climate impact of the biofuel. This study assessed the climate impacts and energy balance of biodiesel production from straw using oleaginous yeast, with subsequent biogas production from the residues, with particular emphasis on SOC changes over time. It also explored the impact of four different scenarios for returning the lignin fraction of the biomass to soil to mitigate SOC changes. Climate impact was assessed using two methods, global warming potential (GWP) and a time-dependent temperature model (∆T s ) that describes changes in mean global surface temperature as a function of time or absolute temperature change potential (AGTP). RESULTS Straw-derived biodiesel reduced GWP by 33-80% compared with fossil fuels and primary fossil energy use for biodiesel production was 0.33-0.80 MJprim/MJ, depending on the scenario studied. Simulations using the time-dependent temperature model showed that a scenario where all straw fractions were converted to energy carriers and no lignin was returned to soil resulted in the highest avoided climate impact. The SOC changes due to straw removal had a large impact on the results, both when using GWP and the time-dependent temperature model. CONCLUSIONS In a climate perspective, it is preferable to combust straw lignin to produce electricity rather than returning it to the soil if the excess electricity replaces natural gas electricity, according to results from both GWP and time-dependent temperature modelling. Using different methods to assess climate impact did not change the ranking between the scenarios, but the time-dependent temperature model provided information about system behaviour over time that can be important for evaluation of biofuel systems, particularly in relation to climate target deadlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karlsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serina Ahlgren
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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