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Mu Y, Meng F, Ju X, Li L. Inactivation and process intensification of β-glucosidase in biomass utilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3191-3204. [PMID: 37058231 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a promising environmental resource. Enzyme catalysis, as one of the most environmentally friendly and efficient tools among various treatments, is used for the conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels. Cellulase is a complex enzyme composed of β-glucosidase (BGL), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EG), and exo-β-1,4-glucanase (CBH), which synergistically hydrolyzes cellulose into monosaccharides. BGL, which further deconstructs cellobiose and short-chain cellooligosaccharides obtained by EG and CBH catalysis into glucose, is the most sensitive component of the synergistic enzyme system constituted by the three enzymes and is highly susceptible to inactivation by external conditions, becoming the rate-limiting component in biomass conversion. This paper firstly introduces the source and catalytic mechanism of BGL used in the process of biomass resource utilization. The focus is on the review of various factors affecting BGL activity during hydrolysis, including competitive adsorption of lignin, gas-liquid interface inactivation, thermal inactivation, and solvent effect. And the methods to improve BGL inactivation are proposed from two aspects-substrate initiation and enzyme initiation. In particular, the screening, modification, and alteration of the enzyme molecules themselves are discussed with emphasis. This review can provide novel ideas for studies of BGL inactivation mechanism, containment of inactivation, and activity enhancement. KEY POINTS: • Factors affecting β-glucosidase inactivation are described. • Process intensification is presented in terms of substrate and enzyme. • Solvent selection, protein engineering, and immobilization remain topics of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Mu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanjin Meng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang Z, Chen H, Qin Y, Lan T. Effect of Fenton oxidized lignin support on immobilized β-glucosidase activity. J Biotechnol 2023; 368:31-41. [PMID: 37028559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Fenton oxidized lignin was prepared to investigate the effect of Fenton oxidation modification on the activity of lignin immobilized β-glucosidase (β-GL). The results demonstrated that Fenton oxidation could significantly improve the activity and stability of immobilized β-GL. This is because the Fenton oxidation increased the electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces between lignin and β-GL, resulting in increased lignin adsorption onto β-GL. The Fenton oxidation also changed the chemical structure of lignin, altering the lignin-β-GL binding site and reducing the negative effect of lignin on the β-GL catalytic domain. This research will improve understanding of the effect of Fenton lignin oxidation on immobilized β-GL activity and expand the use of lignin in enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tianqing Lan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Rd., Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China.
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3
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Xie X, Chen M, Tong W, Song K, Wang J, Wu S, Hu J, Jin Y, Chu Q. Comparative study of acid- and alkali-catalyzed 1,4-butanediol pretreatment for co-production of fermentable sugars and value-added lignin compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 36978121 PMCID: PMC10045053 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organosolv pretreatment is one of the most efficient methods for delignification and boosting biomass saccharification. As compared to typical ethanol organosolv pretreatments, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) organosolv pretreatment is a high-boiling-point solvent pretreatment, which can generate low pressure in the reactor during high temperature cooking that improves the operation safety. Although several studies showed that organosolv pretreatment can lead to effective delignification and enhancement in glucan hydrolysis, there has been no studies on acid- and alkali-catalyzed BDO pretreatment, as well as their comparison on promoting biomass saccharification and lignin utilization. RESULTS It was shown that BDO organosolv pretreatment was more effective in removing lignin from poplar as compared with typical ethanol organosolv pretreatment under the same pretreatment conditions. HCl-BDO pretreatment with 40 mM acid loading led to 82.04% of original lignin removed from biomass, as compared to the lignin removal of 59.66% in HCl-Ethanol pretreatment. Besides, acid-catalyzed BDO pretreatment was more effective in improving the enzymatic digestibility of poplar than alkali-catalyzed BDO pretreatment. As a result, HCl-BDO with acid loading of 40 mM provided a good enzymatic digestibility of cellulose (91.16%) and the maximum sugar yield of 79.41% from original woody biomass. The linear correlations between physicochemical structure (e.g., fiber swelling, cellulose crystallinity, crystallite size, surface lignin coverage and cellulose accessibility) changes of BDO pretreated poplar and enzymatic hydrolysis were plotted to figure out the main factors that influenced biomass saccharification. Moreover, acid-catalyzed BDO pretreatment mainly brought about the phenolic hydroxyl (PhOH) groups formation in lignin structure, while alkali-catalyzed BDO pretreatment mostly led to the lower molecular weight of lignin. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the acid-catalyzed BDO organosolv pretreatment could significantly improve enzymatic digestibility of the highly recalcitrant woody biomass. The great enzymatic hydrolysis of glucan resulted from increased cellulose accessibility, which mostly associated with the higher degree of delignification and hemicellulose solubilization, as well as the more increase in fiber swelling. Besides, lignin was recovered from the organic solvent, which could be used as natural antioxidants. The formation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin structure and the lower molecular weight of lignin contributed to its greater radical scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenyao Tong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Song
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Liu J, Wu J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Hua Q, Bi R, Rojas O, Renneckar S, Fan S, Xiao Z, Saddler J. The pre-addition of "blocking" proteins decreases subsequent cellulase adsorption to lignin and enhances cellulose hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128276. [PMID: 36347476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pre-adsorption of non-catalytic/blocking proteins onto the lignin component of pretreated biomass has been shown to significantly increase the effectiveness of subsequent enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of the cellulose by limiting non-productive enzyme adsorption. Layer-by-layer adsorption of non-catalytic proteins and enzymes onto lignin was monitored using Quartz Crystal Micro balancing combined with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and conventional protein adsorption. These methods were used to assess the interaction between soft/hardwood lignins, cellulases and the three non-catalytic proteins BSA, lysozyme and ovalbumin. The QCM-D analysis showed higher adsorption rates for all of the non-catalytic proteins onto the lignin films as compared to cellulases. This suggested that the "blocking" proteins would preferentially adsorb to the lignin rather than the enzymes. Pre-incubation of the lignin films with blocking proteins resulted in reduced adsorption of cellulases onto the lignin, significantly enhancing cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China; Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qi Hua
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ran Bi
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Senqing Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyi Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Sun C, Meng X, Sun F, Zhang J, Tu M, Chang JS, Reungsang A, Xia A, Ragauskas AJ. Advances and perspectives on mass transfer and enzymatic hydrolysis in the enzyme-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108059. [PMID: 36402253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical process for the cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery to produce sugar syrups that can be converted into a whole range of biofuels and biochemicals. Such a process operating at high-solid loadings (i.e., scarcely any free water or roughly ≥ 15% solids, w/w) is considered more economically feasible, as it can generate a high sugar concentration at low operation and capital costs. However, this approach remains restricted and incurs "high-solid effects", ultimately causing the lower hydrolysis yields with increasing solid loadings. The lack of available water leads to a highly viscous system with impaired mixing that exhibits strong transfer resistance and reaction limitation imposed on enzyme action. Evidently, high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis involves multi-scale mass transfer and multi-phase enzyme reaction, and thus requires a synergistic perspective of transfer and biotransformation to assess the interactions among water, biomass components, and cellulase enzymes. Porous particle characteristics of biomass and its interface properties determine the water form and distribution state surrounding the particles, which are summarized in this review aiming to identify the water-driven multi-scale/multi-phase bioprocesses. Further aided by the cognition of rheological behavior of biomass slurry, solute transfer theories, and enzyme kinetics, the coupling effects of flow-transfer-reaction are revealed under high-solid conditions. Based on the above basic features, this review lucidly explains the causes of high-solid hydrolysis hindrances, highlights the mismatched issues between transfer and reaction, and more importantly, presents the advanced strategies for transfer and reaction enhancements from the viewpoint of process optimization, reactor design, as well as enzyme/auxiliary additive customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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6
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Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Modifying Lignin Structure via Sulfite Pretreatment and Using Lignin Blockers. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Even traditional pretreatments can partially remove or degrade lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing its enzymatic digestibility, the remaining lignin in pretreated biomass still restricts its enzymatic hydrolysis by limiting cellulose accessibility and lignin-enzyme nonproductive interaction. Therefore, many pretreatments that can modify lignin structure in a unique way and approaches to block the lignin’s adverse impact have been proposed to directly improve the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated biomass. In this review, recent development in sulfite pretreatment that can transform the native lignin into lignosulfonate and subsequently enhance saccharification of pretreated biomass under certain conditions was summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the approaches of the addition of reactive agents to block the lignin’s reactive sites and limit the cellulase-enzyme adsorption during hydrolysis. It is our hope that this summary can provide a guideline for workers engaged in biorefining for the goal of reaching high enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulose.
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Fan J, Yu Q, Li M, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Ma X, Zhong H, Yu Y. Optimization of ethanol-extracted lignin from palm fiber by response surface methodology and preparation of activated carbon fiber for dehumidification. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:61. [PMID: 38647770 PMCID: PMC10992789 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a renewable bioresource that can be used for a variety of value-added applications. However, the effective separation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, lignin was extracted from waste palm fiber and successfully converted into a dehumidifying material. The following four process parameters of lignin extraction from palm fiber were optimized systematically and comprehensively using the response surface methodology: reaction time, extraction temperature, ethanol concentration and solid/liquid ratio. The results revealed that under the optimum processing conditions (111 min of extraction at 174 °C using 73% ethanol at 1/16 g/mL solid/liquid ratio), the extraction yield of lignin was 56.2%. The recovery of ethanol solvent was as high as 91.8%. Further, the lignin could be directly used without purification to produce lignin-based activated carbon fibers (LACFs) with specific surface area and total pore volume of 1375 m2/g and 0.881 cm3/g, respectively. Compared with the commercial pitch-based activated carbon fiber, the LACF has a higher specific area and superior pore structure parameters. This work provides a feasible route for extracting lignin from natural palm fiber and demonstrates its use in the preparation of activated carbon fiber with a remarkable performance as a solid dehumidification agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiongfen Yu
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xun Ma
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Heating and Cooling Technology of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming, 650500, China
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8
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Yao F, Xu S, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Hu C. The inhibition of p-hydroxyphenyl hydroxyl group in residual lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and its underlying mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126585. [PMID: 34929326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlling factors of the inhibition on enzymatic hydrolysis caused by residual lignin were identified with molecular level understanding of the mechanism. Residual lignin samples with different properties were isolated, characterized and added into the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel. It was found that the phenolic hydroxyl group (OH) was the main inhibitor in residual lignin, and the p-hydroxyphenyl OH was the crucial sub-structure that exhibited the highest inhibition and non-productive adsorption, ascribing to its higher electrophilicity and lower steric hindrance. The H-bond interaction and π-π stacking between phenolic OH of lignin and phenolic OH of tyrosine on the planar face of carbohydrate binding module of cellulase were probably responsible for the non-productive adsorption. The binding sites of H-bonds may be the H in phenolic OH of lignin and the O in phenolic OH of tyrosine, respectively, and that of the π-π stacking may be the benzene rings of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengpei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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9
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Sheng Y, Xu Y. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of ascorbic acid assisted lignocellulose decomposition in dilute acid pretreatment and its stimulation on enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126147. [PMID: 34673187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ascorbic acid addition on lignin decomposition in the dilute acid pretreatment and the corresponding cellulose conversion of pretreated biomass have been studied. This enhancement by ascorbic acid addition was dose dependent. Decomposed and residual bulk lignins from pretreated poplar were analyzed by 2D HSQC and 31P NMR spectra. The promotional effect on lignocellulose decomposition with the assistance of ascorbic acid addition was supported by the NMR analysis. The analysis showed that the addition of ascorbic acid has a more significant stimulation on decomposed lignins compared to residual bulk lignins. The stimulatory effect of ascorbic acid in lignocellulose decomposition benefits the cellulose conversion of the corresponding pretreated materials. Poplar pretreatment assisted with ascorbic acid (2-8% w/w) increased the final hydrolysis yield by 7.5%-32.2%. This promotional effect of ascorbic acid on enzyme digestibility was more obvious with higher enzyme loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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10
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Jeong SY, Lee EJ, Ban SE, Lee JW. Structural characterization of the lignin-carbohydrate complex in biomass pretreated with Fenton oxidation and hydrothermal treatment and consequences on enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118375. [PMID: 34364619 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were isolated from biomass (raw and pretreated) to investigate the structural changes in biomass pretreated by Fenton oxidation and hydrothermal treatment, and their effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The composition and structure of the LCCs fractions were investigated via carbohydrate analysis, XRD, FT-IR, and 2D HSQC NMR. The biomass degradation rate of yellow poplar and larch during Fenton oxidation and hydrothermal treatment was approximately 30%. Most of the hemicellulose was degraded during pretreatment, while xylan remained in the yellow poplar, and galactan, mannan, and xylan remained in the larch. The fractional yield of glucan-rich LCC (LCC1) in the yellow poplar (raw and pretreated biomass) was high, while that of glucomannan-rich LCC (LCC3) in larch was higher than the yield yellow poplar. Phenyl glycoside, γ-ester, and benzyl ether linkages were observed in the LCCs of yellow poplar, while phenyl glycoside and γ-ester were detected in those of larch. Following pretreatment, the frequencies of β-β', β-5, and γ-ester in the LCCs of larch were found to be higher than in those of yellow poplar. The efficiencies of enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreated yellow poplar and larch were 93.53% and 26.23%, respectively. These finding indicated that the β-β', β-5, and γ-ester linkages included in the pretreated biomass affected the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Ban
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Xiong Q, Qiao J, Wang M, Li S, Li X. Carboxylated and quaternized lignin enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose treated by p-toluenesulfonic acid due to improving enzyme activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125465. [PMID: 34320745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modificated lignins can affect enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency (EHE) because of changing physicochemical properties of lignin. In this study, carboxylated and quaternized lignin (CQL) and hydroxymethylated lignin (HML) were prepared to explore the effect of lignin modification on cellulase adsorption and EHE of p-toluenesulfonic acid treated corn stover (PCS). The results showed that CQL enhanced EHE of PCS due to the higher β-glucosidase (β-GL) activity, resulting from the formation of CQL-β-GL complexes with a lower binding free energy and the improvement of β-GL conformation made by the binding of CQL and β-GL. However, the drop in EHE due to the addition of HML was consequent on β-GL deactivation that was because the binding site of HML and β-GL overlapped with the carbohydrate binding domain of β-GL, causing the decrease in β-GL activity compared with CQL. This study would help deeply elucidate the effect of modified lignins on EHE and cellulase adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210097, China.
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12
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Jiang X, Zhai R, Jin M. Increased mixing intensity is not necessary for more efficient cellulose hydrolysis at high solid loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124911. [PMID: 33667991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis at high solid loadings, an increased mixing intensity is generally required for the high solid loading hydrolysis, while it leads to higher energy consumption. In this study, the impact of mixing intensity on cellulose conversion during hydrolysis at different solid loadings were systematically studied. It was found that the increased mixing intensity is not necessary for more efficient cellulose hydrolysis. For cellulose hydrolysis at higher solid loadings, a lower mixing intensity is needed for a higher cellulose conversion. Although the increased mixing intensity promoted enzyme adsorption, it strengthened product inhibition and caused severer enzyme deactivation. Besides, mixing at the initial stage of cellulose hydrolysis was more crucial, while continuous mixing throughout the hydrolysis was not required for more efficient cellulose hydrolysis. Based on the mechanism study, a combined mixing strategy was developed to achieve efficient cellulose hydrolysis with about two-third reduction in energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jiang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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13
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Sheng Y, Lam SS, Wu Y, Ge S, Wu J, Cai L, Huang Z, Le QV, Sonne C, Xia C. Enzymatic conversion of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass: A review on influence of structural changes of lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124631. [PMID: 33454445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The demands of energy sustainability drive efforts to bio-chemical conversion of biomass into biofuels through pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation. Pretreatment leads to significant structural changes of the complex lignin polymer that affect yield and productivity of the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Structural changes of lignin after pretreatment include functional groups, inter unit linkages and compositions. These changes influence non-productive adsorption of enzyme on lignin through hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction as well as hydrogen bonding. This paper reviews the relationships between structural changes of lignin and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The formation of pseudo-lignin during dilute acid pretreatment is revealed, and their negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequan Sheng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yingji Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Christian Sonne
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Changlei Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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14
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Jia Y, Yang C, Shen B, Ling Z, Huang C, Li X, Lai C, Yong Q. Comparative study on enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated poplar and larch based on a comprehensive analysis of the lignin-derived recalcitrance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124225. [PMID: 33254454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestibility of an acid-pretreated poplar (AP, 42.9%) was superior to that of a similarly acid-pretreated larch (AL, 12.5%). Effects of lignin-related recalcitrance on enzymatic hydrolysis were comprehensively investigated by disrupting the two predominant lignin fractions present in acid-pretreated material (extractable lignin and bulk lignin). Lignin removal and bovine serum albumin (BSA) addition were performed to estimate the relative contributions of lignin towards physical blocking and enzyme binding on enzymatic hydrolysis. The lignin physical blocking played a more significant role in limiting the enzymatic hydrolysis of AL. BSA addition improved enzymatic hydrolysis of AP more significantly than AL. Moreover, the effects of lignin embedded in the lignocellulosic matrix on enzyme non-productive binding were compared with the isolated lignin. It indicated that the lignin distribution would influence the lignin effects on enzyme non-productive binding during enzymatic hydrolysis. Results will give insights towards improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis on acid-pretreated woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wu J, Chandra RP, Takada M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Kim KH, Kim CS, Saddler JN. Enhancing Enzyme-Mediated Cellulose Hydrolysis by Incorporating Acid Groups Onto the Lignin During Biomass Pretreatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608835. [PMID: 33282856 PMCID: PMC7691530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is known to limit the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of biomass by both restricting substrate swelling and binding to the enzymes. Pretreated mechanical pulp (MP) made from Aspen wood chips was incubated with either 16% sodium sulfite or 32% sodium percarbonate to incorporate similar amounts of sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups onto the lignin (60 mmol/kg substrate) present in the pulp without resulting in significant delignification. When Simon's stain was used to assess potential enzyme accessibility to the cellulose, it was apparent that both post-treatments enhanced accessibility and cellulose hydrolysis. To further elucidate how acid group addition might influence potential enzyme binding to lignin, Protease Treated Lignin (PTL) was isolated from the original and modified mechanical pulps and added to a cellulose rich, delignified Kraft pulp. As anticipated, the PTLs from both the oxidized and sulfonated substrates proved less inhibitory and adsorbed less enzymes than did the PTL derived from the original pulp. Subsequent analyses indicated that both the sulfonated and oxidized lignin samples contained less phenolic hydroxyl groups, resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity and a more negative charge which decreased the non-productive binding of the cellulase enzymes to the lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masatsugu Takada
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Hossain N, Nizamuddin S, Griffin G, Selvakannan P, Mubarak NM, Mahlia TMI. Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18851. [PMID: 33139793 PMCID: PMC7606520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at temperature: 180 °C, pressure: 70 bar, reaction time: 20 min with water via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the obtained biochar yield was 57.9%. Enhancement of zeta potential value from − 30.1 to − 10.6 mV in RB presented the higher suspension stability, and improvement of surface area and porosity in RB demonstrated the wastewater adsorption capacity. Along with that, an increase of crystallinity in RB, 60.5%, also indicates the enhancement of the catalytic performance of the material significantly more favorable to improve the adsorption efficiency of transitional compounds. In contrast, an increase of the atomic O/C ratio in RB, 0.51 delineated high breakdown of the cellulosic component, which is favorable for biofuel purpose. 13.98% SiO2 reduction in RB confirmed ash content minimization and better quality of fuel properties. Therefore, the rice husk biochar through HTC can be considered a suitable material for further application to treat wastewater and generate bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Sabzoi Nizamuddin
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Gregory Griffin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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17
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Lai C, Jia Y, Zhou C, Yang C, Shen B, Zhang D, Yong Q. Facilitating enzymatic digestibility of larch by in-situ lignin modification during combined acid and alkali pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123517. [PMID: 32413643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the recalcitrance of residual lignins in acid-pretreated larch (AL), a combined acid and alkali pretreatment with in-situ lignin modification was developed in this study. The results showed that introducing in-situ lignin modification with 2-naphthol to acid pretreatment (160 and 180 oC) improved the enzymatic digestibility of AL by 12.7-14.4%, through suppressing lignin repolymerization. The obviously higher improvement (57.8-88.3%) was achieved by applying alkali post-treatment (90 oC) with poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) on AL, mainly due to the function of in-situ lignin modification with PEGDE for reducing enzyme non-productive binding on lignins. More importantly, the synergism of 2-naphthol and PEGDE modification facilitated the enzymatic hydrolysis of AL more significantly. Its beneficial mechanism was explored by investigating the effects of in-situ lignin modification on lignin properties, including extraction yields, functional groups, and enzyme affinity of lignins. Results will give insights into establishing an efficient pretreatment of softwood biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Song Y, Chandra RP, Zhang X, Saddler JN. Non-productive celluase binding onto deep eutectic solvent (DES) extracted lignin from willow and corn stover with inhibitory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116956. [PMID: 33049860 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) with lactic acid (LA), and effects of cellulase non-productive binding onto DES-extracted lignin from willow and corn stover on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated. The correlation between hydrolysis yield of cellulose and chemical features of lignin was evaluated, and a potential inhibitory mechanism was proposed. Condensation of lignin was observed during DES treatment, and these condensed aromatic structures had an increased tendency to adsorb enzymes through hydrophobic interactions. As well as hydrophobic interactions mediated by lignin condensation, an increase in phenolic hydroxyl groups resulted in a greater amount of hydrogen bonds between cellulases and lignin that appeared to inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis yields of cellulose (39.96-42.86 % to 31.96-32.68 %). Although large amounts of COOHs were generated, the elevated electrostatic repulsion as a result of ionic groups was insufficient to decrease non-productive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Li J, Zhang Y, Shi S, Tu M. Effect of residual extractable lignin on acetone-butanol-ethanol production in SHF and SSF processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:67. [PMID: 32308736 PMCID: PMC7149896 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin plays an important role in biochemical conversion of biomass to biofuels. A significant amount of lignin is precipitated on the surface of pretreated substrates after organosolv pretreatment. The effect of this residual lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis has been well understood, however, their effect on subsequent ABE fermentation is still unknown. RESULTS To determine the effect of residual extractable lignin on acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes, we compared ABE production from ethanol-washed and unwashed substrates. The ethanol organosolv pretreated loblolly pine (OPLP) was used as the substrate. It was observed that butanol production from OPLP-UW (unwashed) and OPLP-W (washed) reached 8.16 and 1.69 g/L, respectively, in SHF. The results showed that ABE production in SHF from OPLP-UW prevents an "acid crash" as compared the OPLP-W. In SSF process, the "acid crash" occurred for both OPLP-W and OPLP-UW. The inhibitory extractable lignin intensified the "acid crash" for OPLP-UW and resulted in less ABE production than OPLP-W. The addition of detoxified prehydrolysates in SSF processes shortened the fermentation time and could potentially prevent the "acid crash". CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the residual extractable lignin in high sugar concentration could help ABE production by lowering the metabolic rate and preventing "acid crash" in SHF processes. However, it became unfavorable in SSF due to its inhibition of both enzymatic hydrolysis and ABE fermentation with low initial sugar concentration. It is essential to remove extractable lignin of substrates for ABE production in SSF processes. Also, a higher initial sugar concentration is needed to prevent the "acid crash" in SSF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Suan Shi
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
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20
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Yoo CG, Meng X, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. The critical role of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass conversion and recent pretreatment strategies: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122784. [PMID: 31980318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and rigidity of lignocellulose causing resistance to its deconstruction have provided technical and economic challenges in the current biomass conversion processes. Lignin has been considered as a crucial recalcitrance component in biomass utilization. An in-depth understanding of lignin properties and their influences on biomass conversion can provide clues to improve biomass utilization. Also, utilization of lignin can significantly increase the economic viability of biorefinery. Recent lignin-targeting pretreatments have aimed not only to overcome recalcitrance for biomass conversion but also to selectively fractionate lignin for lignin valorization. Numerous studies have been conducted in biomass characteristics and conversion technologies, and the role of lignin is critical for lignin valorization and biomass pretreatment development. This review provides a comprehensive review of lignin-related biomass characteristics, the impact of lignin on the biological conversion of biomass, and recent lignin-targeting pretreatment strategies. The desired lignin properties in biorefinery and future pretreatment directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center of Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA.
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21
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Xu C, Liu F, Alam MA, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liang C, Xu H, Huang S, Xu J, Wang Z. Comparative study on the properties of lignin isolated from different pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its inhibitory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Luo X, Gong Z, Shi J, Chen L, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Huang L, Liu J. Integrating Benzenesulfonic Acid Pretreatment and Bio-Based Lignin-Shielding Agent for Robust Enzymatic Conversion of Cellulose in Bamboo. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010191. [PMID: 31936846 PMCID: PMC7022729 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrotrope-based pretreatment, benzenesulfonic acid (BA) pretreatment, was used to fractionate bamboo in this work. With optimized content (80 wt %) of BA in pretreatment liquor, about 90% of lignin and hemicellulose could be removed from bamboo under mild conditions (95 °C, 30 min or 80 °C, 60 min). The potential accessibility of BA pretreated substrate to cellulase was thus significantly improved and was also found to be much higher than those of acidic ethanol and dilute acid pretreatments. But the deposition of lignin on the surface of solid substrates, especially the BA pretreated substrate, was also observed, which showed a negative effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. The addition of inexpensive soy protein, a bio-based lignin-shielding agent, could readily overcome this negative effect, leading the increase of enzymatic conversion of cellulose in BA pretreated substrate from 37% to 92% at a low cellulase loading of 4 FPU/g glucan. As compared to acidic ethanol and dilute acid pretreatments, the combination of BA pretreatment and soy protein could not only stably improve the efficiency of non-cellulose components removal, but also could significantly reduce the loading of cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Luo
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhenggang Gong
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Jinghao Shi
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yonghui Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-591-8371-5175 (J.L.)
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.L.); (Z.G.); (J.S.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-591-8371-5175 (J.L.)
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da Silva AS, Espinheira RP, Teixeira RSS, de Souza MF, Ferreira-Leitão V, Bon EPS. Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32211072 PMCID: PMC7092515 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Sant’Ana da Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Roberta Pereira Espinheira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viridiana Ferreira-Leitão
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Elba P. S. Bon
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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Xu C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xu H, Liang C, Wang Z, Xu J. Lignin prepared from different alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:484-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Takada M, Chandra RP, Saddler JN. The influence of lignin migration and relocation during steam pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood and corn stover biomass substrates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2864-2873. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Takada
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Richard P. Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - John N. Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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Kim HM, Choi IS, Lee S, Hwang IM, Chun HH, Wi SG, Kim JC, Shin TY, Kim JC, Kim JS, Kim J, Park HW. Advanced strategy to produce insecticidal destruxins from lignocellulosic biomass Miscanthus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:188. [PMID: 31367233 PMCID: PMC6657178 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biorefineries are widely recognized as the most feasible solution to the problem of achieving environmental sustainability along with economic growth. Furthermore, pine wilt disease has caused severe environmental and economic damage worldwide to date. Herein, a highly efficient, advanced process for producing destruxins (DTXs) from Miscanthus (MCT) is reported, along with an application strategy. RESULTS The acetic acid-sodium chlorite pretreatment of MCT (AASC-MCT) is found to improve the monosaccharide production. Through biocatalytic conversion processes (simultaneous saccharification and cultivation), Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-279 can efficiently produce DTXs from 1% (w/v) AASC-MCT, i.e., DTX E (334.8 mg/L), A (288.8 mg/L), and B (48.6 mg/L). Monochamus alternatus (MA, Japanese pine sawyer) is known to act as a mediator transferring Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to pinewood. As B. xylophilus is associated with the occurrence of pine wilt disease, biological control of MA is a major strategy or controlling this disease. In this study, upon the application of a mixture of DTXs and protease-containing culture filtrate (PCF), complete mortality of MA is observed after a 5-day incubation. The MA immune system response is believed to cause an overexpression of actin and tropomyosin as a defense mechanism against the flaccid paralysis induced by the DTXs and PCF treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MCT can be used as a major feedstock in the biorefinery industry and that DTXs can be applied as an insecticide for biological control of pine wilt disease via MA termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Myeong Kim
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - In Seong Choi
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoun Lee
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hyun Chun
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gon Wi
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Junheon Kim
- National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
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27
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Wen P, Zhang T, Wang J, Lian Z, Zhang J. Production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step acetic acid and peroxide/acetic acid pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:87. [PMID: 31011370 PMCID: PMC6463647 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are considered as promising biomass feedstock for biofuels and biochemicals production due to their fast growing, short vegetative cycle, and widely distribution. In this work, poplar was pretreated with acetic acid (AC) to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) was used to remove residual lignin in AC-pretreated poplar for enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim of this work is to produce XOS and monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step pretreatment method. RESULTS The optimal conditions for the AC pretreatment were 170 °C, 5% AC, and 30 min, giving a XOS yield of 55.8%. The optimal HPAC pretreatment conditions were 60 °C, 2 h, and 80% HPAC, resulting in 92.7% delignification and 87.8% cellulose retention in the AC-pretreated poplar. The two step-treated poplar presented 86.6% glucose yield and 89.0% xylose yield by enzymatic hydrolysis with a cellulases loading of 7.2 m/g dry mass. Very high glucose (93.8%) and xylose (94.6%) yields were obtained with 14.3 mg cellulases/g dry mass. Both Tween 80 and β-glucosidase enhanced glucose yield of HPAC-pretreated poplar by alleviating the accumulation of cellobiose. Under the optimal conditions, 6.9 g XOS, 40.3 g glucose, and 8.9 g xylose were produced from 100 g poplar. CONCLUSIONS The AC and HPAC pretreatment of poplar represented an efficient strategy to produce XOS and fermentable sugars with high yields. This two-step pretreatment was a recyclable benign and advantageous scheme for biorefinery of the poplar into XOS and monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Tian Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jinye Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhina Lian
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu China
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Lai C, Yang B, He J, Huang C, Li X, Song X, Yong Q. Enhanced enzymatic digestibility of mixed wood sawdust by lignin modification with naphthol derivatives during dilute acid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:18-24. [PMID: 30145521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the addition of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate on the dilute acid pretreatment of mixed wood sawdust were investigated, respectively. Compared to 2-naphthol, 2-naphtnol-7-sulfonate was more effective to enhance delignification and facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The 72 h hydrolysis yield was improved by 47.8% for 2-naphthol-7-sulfone, while only 9.1% was observed for 2-naphthol. The surface charges, enzyme adsorption, and cellulose accessibility of dilute acid pretreated substrates with or without naphthol derivatives were examined. The improved enzymatic hydrolysis by adding 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate was ascribed to the higher negative surface charges, the lower enzyme non-productive binding, and the higher cellulose accessibility of pretreated substrates. Additionally, the HSQC NMR and 31P NMR analysis were carried out on both decomposed lignins and residual bulk lignins. It indicated that the addition of the naphthol derivatives during pretreatment could suppress the lignin repolymerization, which further mitigated the inhibition of residual lignins on enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Lai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangyang Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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