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Trovagunta R, Marquez R, Tolosa L, Barrios N, Zambrano F, Suarez A, Pal L, Gonzalez R, Hubbe MA. Lignin self-assembly phenomena and valorization strategies for pulping, biorefining, and materials development: Part 1. The physical chemistry of lignin self-assembly. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103247. [PMID: 39126917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical chemistry aspects are emphasized in this comprehensive review of self-assembly phenomena involving lignin in various forms. Attention to this topic is justified by the very high availability, low cost, and renewable nature of lignin, together with opportunities to manufacture diverse products, for instance, polymers/resins, bioplastics, carbon fibers, bio-asphalt, sunscreen components, hydrophobic layers, and microcapsules. The colloidal lignin material, nanoparticles, and microstructures that can be formed as a result of changes in solvent properties, pH, or other adjustments to a suspending medium have been shown to depend on many factors. Such factors are examined in this work based on the concepts of self-assembly, which can be defined as an organizing principle dependent on specific attributes of the starting entities themselves. As a means to promote such concepts and to facilitate further development of nano-scale lignin products, this article draws upon evidence from a wide range of studies. These include investigations of many different plant sources of lignin, processes of delignification, solvent systems, anti-solvent systems or other means of achieving phase separation, and diverse means of achieving colloidal stability (if desired) of resulting self-assembled lignin structures. Knowledge of the self-organization behavior of lignin can provide significant structural information to optimize the use of lignin in value-added applications. Examples include chemical conditions and preparation procedures in which lignin-related compounds of particles organize themselves as spheres, hollow spheres, surface-bound layers, and a variety of other structures. Published articles show that such processes can be influenced by the selection of lignin type, pulping or extraction processes, functional groups such as phenolic, carboxyl, and sulfonate, chemical derivatization reactions, solvent applications, aqueous conditions, and physical processes, such as agitation. Precipitation from non-aqueous solutions represents a key focus of lignin self-assembly research. The review also considers stabilization mechanisms of self-assembled lignin-related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Marquez
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Laura Tolosa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Nelson Barrios
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Antonio Suarez
- WestRock Company, 2742 Charles City Rd, Richmond, VA 23231, USA
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ronalds Gonzalez
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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2
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Mellado-Ortega E, Jing H, Wilkinson E, Lois M, Strader L. Methodology to enable high-throughput imaging of Arabidopsis seedlings on cover glass-bottom multiwell plates. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001255. [PMID: 39391294 PMCID: PMC11465074 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput imaging enables rapid collection of large datasets and is used widely in many systems. However, this is not often used in plant-based systems due to issues related to the need to mount tissues and autofluorescence of plant metabolites. We therefore developed methodology enabling high-throughput imaging of Arabidopsis roots. In this system, growth media supplemented with India Ink (to block autofluorescence from cotyledons) is poured directly into multi-well coverglass-bottom plates and seedlings grown such that the roots grow down with the gravity vector and along the coverglass, effectively mounting themselves for imaging. This method enables high-throughput imaging of Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mellado-Ortega
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hongwei Jing
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Strader
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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3
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Haase N, Holtkamp W, Christ S, Heinemann D, Rodnina MV, Rudorf S. Decomposing bulk signals to reveal hidden information in processive enzyme reactions: A case study in mRNA translation. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011918. [PMID: 38442108 PMCID: PMC10942256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Processive enzymes like polymerases or ribosomes are often studied in bulk experiments by monitoring time-dependent signals, such as fluorescence time traces. However, due to biomolecular process stochasticity, ensemble signals may lack the distinct features of single-molecule signals. Here, we demonstrate that, under certain conditions, bulk signals from processive reactions can be decomposed to unveil hidden information about individual reaction steps. Using mRNA translation as a case study, we show that decomposing a noisy ensemble signal generated by the translation of mRNAs with more than a few codons is an ill-posed problem, addressable through Tikhonov regularization. We apply our method to the fluorescence signatures of in-vitro translated LepB mRNA and determine codon-position dependent translation rates and corresponding state-specific fluorescence intensities. We find a significant change in fluorescence intensity after the fourth and the fifth peptide bond formation, and show that both codon position and encoded amino acid have an effect on the elongation rate. This demonstrates that our approach enhances the information content extracted from bulk experiments, thereby expanding the range of these time- and cost-efficient methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Haase
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolf Holtkamp
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Allergology, Langen, Germany
| | - Simon Christ
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dag Heinemann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies (HOT), Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz University Hannover, PhoenixD Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina V. Rodnina
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Rudorf
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Rueckel M, Janson S, Solbak A, Fickler A. Spatial activity mapping of ß-mannanase on soybean seeds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1037. [PMID: 38200142 PMCID: PMC10781726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For farm animals the supplementation of exogenous enzymes, like ß-mannanase, to soybean-based diets is beneficial to improve feed digestibility. In order to unravel the effect of ß-mannanase on soybean meal's cell structure, a novel imaging concept was developed which allows visualizing the spatial activity pattern of ß-mannanase with high sensitivity by fluorescence microscopy before any visible degradation of the cellular structure occurs. It is based on fluorescence labeling of newly formed reducing ends of ß-mannanase-hydrolyzed polysaccharides after the native reducing ends of all polysaccharides present were chemically reduced. It was revealed that ß-mannanase is not only active at the cell wall but also at previously unknown sites, like the middle lamella and, most prominently, at an intracellular matrix enclosing the protein storage vacuoles. Based on these findings it can be hypothesized that the evaluated ß-mannanase can degrade the enclosing matrix of encapsulated proteins and the cell wall structure and thereby improves efficiency of feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rueckel
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Sven Janson
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Arne Solbak
- BASF Enzymes LLC, 3550 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Anna Fickler
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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5
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Alonso Baez L, Bacete L. Cell wall dynamics: novel tools and research questions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6448-6467. [PMID: 37539735 PMCID: PMC10662238 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Years ago, a classic textbook would define plant cell walls based on passive features. For instance, a sort of plant exoskeleton of invariable polysaccharide composition, and probably painted in green. However, currently, this view has been expanded to consider plant cell walls as active, heterogeneous, and dynamic structures with a high degree of complexity. However, what do we mean when we refer to a cell wall as a dynamic structure? How can we investigate the different implications of this dynamism? While the first question has been the subject of several recent publications, defining the ideal strategies and tools needed to address the second question has proven to be challenging due to the myriad of techniques available. In this review, we will describe the capacities of several methodologies to study cell wall composition, structure, and other aspects developed or optimized in recent years. Keeping in mind cell wall dynamism and plasticity, the advantages of performing long-term non-invasive live-imaging methods will be emphasized. We specifically focus on techniques developed for Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls, but the techniques could be applied to both secondary cell walls and other plant species. We believe this toolset will help researchers in expanding knowledge of these dynamic/evolving structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alonso Baez
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Laura Bacete
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Rueda S, McCubbin TJ, Shieh M, Hoshing R, Braun DM, Basu A. A Functionalizable Analog of the Yariv Reagent for AGP Imaging using Fluorescence Microscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1398-1406. [PMID: 37534797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule fluorescent probes that bind selectively to plant cell wall polysaccharides have been instrumental in elucidating the localization and function of these glycans. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall proteoglycans implicated in essential functions such as cell signaling, plant growth, and programmed cell death. There is currently no small molecule probe capable of fluorescently labeling AGPs. The Yariv reagents are the only small molecules that bind AGPs, and have been used to study AGP function and isolate AGPs via precipitation of an AGP-Yariv complex. However, the Yariv reagents are not fluorescent, rendering them ineffective for localization studies using fluorescence microscopy. A fluorescent version of a Yariv reagent that is capable of both binding as well as imaging AGPs would provide a powerful tool for studying AGPs in planta. Herein, we describe the synthesis of an azido analog of the Yariv reagent that can be further functionalized with a fluorophore to provide a glycoconjugate that binds AGPs and is fluorescent. We show that the modified reagent binds gum arabic in in vitro binding assays when used in conjunction with the βGlcYariv reagent. Fluorescent imaging of AGPs in fixed maize leaf tissue enables localization of AGPs to cell walls in the leaf. Significantly, imaging can also be carried out using fresh tissue. This represents the first small molecule probe that can be used to visualize AGPs using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rueda
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tyler J McCubbin
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, The Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Meg Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Raghuraj Hoshing
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, The Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Ebrahimi S, Moreno-Pescador G, Persson S, Jauffred L, Bendix PM. Label-free optical interferometric microscopy to characterize morphodynamics in living plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156478. [PMID: 37284726 PMCID: PMC10239806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last century, fluorescence microscopy has played a pivotal role in a range of scientific discoveries. The success of fluorescence microscopy has prevailed despite several shortcomings like measurement time, photobleaching, temporal resolution, and specific sample preparation. To bypass these obstacles, label-free interferometric methods have been developed. Interferometry exploits the full wavefront information of laser light after interaction with biological material to yield interference patterns that contain information about structure and activity. Here, we review recent studies in interferometric imaging of plant cells and tissues, using techniques such as biospeckle imaging, optical coherence tomography, and digital holography. These methods enable quantification of cell morphology and dynamic intracellular measurements over extended periods of time. Recent investigations have showcased the potential of interferometric techniques for precise identification of seed viability and germination, plant diseases, plant growth and cell texture, intracellular activity and cytoplasmic transport. We envision that further developments of these label-free approaches, will allow for high-resolution, dynamic imaging of plants and their organelles, ranging in scales from sub-cellular to tissue and from milliseconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ebrahimi
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Pescador
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liselotte Jauffred
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Noninvasive Long-Term Imaging of the Cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:297-309. [PMID: 36773244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of biological samples, especially for live-cell microscopy, remains a major experimental challenge in the lab despite technological advances. In addition, high-resolution microscopy techniques require higher sample quality and uniformity, which is difficult to ensure during manual preparation while maintaining "ideal" growth conditions. In this protocol, we provide a way out by growing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings directly in an imaging chamber, which eliminates invasive sample preparation directly before imaging. This method hinges on the precise placement of seeds into imaging chambers, which can be grown in conventional climate chambers. We detail three methods to grow hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaves, and roots for high-resolution and long-term imaging of the plant cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we show that the growth and development of seedlings inside the chambers can be externally manipulated by the addition of chemicals.
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9
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Voiniciuc C. It's time to go glyco in cell wall bioengineering. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 71:102313. [PMID: 36411187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the structure of cellulose, hemicellulose or pectin in plant cell walls can modulate growth, disease resistance, biomass yield and other important agronomic traits. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of microfibrils and matrix polysaccharides force us to re-examine old assumptions about the assembly and functions of cell wall components. The engineering of living or hybrid materials in microorganisms could be adapted to plant biopolymers or to inspire the development of new plant-based composites. High-throughput cellular factories and synthetic biology toolkits could unveil the biological roles and biotechnological potential of the large, unexplored space of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Increasing automation and enhanced carbohydrate detection methods are unlocking new routes to design plant glycans for a sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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10
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Zheng Q, Chang PV. Shedding Light on Bacterial Physiology with Click Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200064. [PMID: 37841997 PMCID: PMC10569449 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria constitute a major lifeform on this planet and play numerous roles in ecology, physiology, and human disease. However, conventional methods to probe their activities are limited in their ability to visualize and identify their functions in these diverse settings. In the last two decades, the application of click chemistry to label these microbes has deepened our understanding of bacterial physiology. With the development of a plethora of chemical tools that target many biological molecules, it is possible to track these microorganisms in real-time and at unprecedented resolution. Here, we review click chemistry, including bioorthogonal reactions, and their applications in imaging bacterial glycans, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids using chemical reporters. We also highlight significant advances that have enabled biological discoveries that have heretofore remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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11
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Surovy MZ, Islam T, von Tiedemann A. Role of seed infection for the near and far distance dissemination of wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1040605. [PMID: 36819053 PMCID: PMC9929367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is a devastating fungal phytopathogen causing wheat blast disease which threatens wheat production particularly in warmer climate zones. Effective disease control is hampered by the limited knowledge on the life cycle, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of MoT. Since MoT mainly infects and colonizes the inflorescences of wheat, infection, invasion routes and colonization of MoT on wheat ears and in wheat seeds were investigated in order to assess potential seed transmission pathways. MoT was spray inoculated on two wheat cultivars (Sumai 3, susceptible and Milan, resistant) at three ear maturity stages [full ear emergence, growth stage (GS) 59; mid flowering, GS 65; and end of flowering, GS 69]. Incidence of MoT on Sumai 3 seeds was 100% and 20-25% on Milan. MoT sporulation rate on Sumai 3 contaminated seeds was more than 15 times higher than on Milan. Repeated washes of seed samples for removing paraffin fixation hampers seed microscopy. To overcome the damage of seed samples, we used hand-sectioned seed samples instead of paraffin-fixed microtome samples to facilitate microscopy. The colonization of MoT within various seed tissues was followed by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Invasion of MoT in seeds predominantly occurred in the caryopsis germ region, but entry via other seed parts was also observed, confirming the potential of intense colonization of MoT in wheat grains. Fungal spread in wheat plants growing from MoT infected seeds was monitored through plating, microscopic and molecular techniques. Under greenhouse conditions, no spread of MoT from infected seeds to seedlings later than GS 21 or to ears was detected, neither in Milan nor in Sumai 3. We therefore conclude, that MoT may not systemically contaminate inflorescences and seeds in neither susceptible nor resistant wheat cultivars. However, initial blast symptoms, only found on seedlings of Sumai 3 but not Milan, resulted in the formation of new conidia, which may serve as inoculum source for plant-to-plant dissemination by airborne infection of plant stands in the field (short distance spread). Ultimately the inoculum may infect young inflorescences in the field and contaminate seeds. Our findings again stress the risk of long-distance dissemination of wheat blast across continents through MoT-contaminated seeds. This underlines the importance of mandatory use of healthy seeds in strategies to control any further spread of wheat blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Andreas von Tiedemann
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Gasser M, Alloisio N, Fournier P, Balmand S, Kharrat O, Tulumello J, Carro L, Heddi A, Da Silva P, Normand P, Pujic P, Boubakri H. A Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein with Potential Functions in Infection and Nodulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:1096-1108. [PMID: 36102948 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-22-0131-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The response of Alnus glutinosa to Frankia alni ACN14a is driven by several sequential physiological events from calcium spiking and root-hair deformation to the development of the nodule. Early stages of actinorhizal symbiosis were monitored at the transcriptional level to observe plant host responses to Frankia alni. Forty-two genes were significantly upregulated in inoculated compared with noninoculated roots. Most of these genes encode proteins involved in biological processes induced during microbial infection, such as oxidative stress or response to stimuli, but a large number of them are not differentially modulated or downregulated later in the process of nodulation. In contrast, several of them remained upregulated in mature nodules, and this included the gene most upregulated, which encodes a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Classified as an antimicrobial peptide, this nsLTP was immunolocalized on the deformed root-hair surfaces that are points of contact for Frankia spp. during infection. Later in nodules, it binds to the surface of F. alni ACN14a vesicles, which are the specialized cells for nitrogen fixation. This nsLTP, named AgLTP24, was biologically produced in a heterologous host and purified for assay on F. alni ACN14a to identify physiological effects. Thus, the activation of the plant immunity response occurs upon first contact, while the recognition of F. alni ACN14a genes switches off part of the defense system during nodulation. AgLTP24 constitutes a part of the defense system that is maintained all along the symbiosis, with potential functions such as the formation of infection threads or nodule primordia to the control of F. alni proliferation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gasser
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Alloisio
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascale Fournier
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Severine Balmand
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ons Kharrat
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joris Tulumello
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lorena Carro
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelaziz Heddi
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pedro Da Silva
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Petar Pujic
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hasna Boubakri
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Herburger K, Głazowska S, Mravec J. Bricks out of the wall: polysaccharide extramural functions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1231-1241. [PMID: 35989161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides are components of plant cell walls and/or store energy. However, this oversimplified classification neglects the fact that some cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins can localize outside the relatively sharp boundaries of the apoplastic moiety, where they adopt functions not directly related to the cell wall. Such polysaccharide multifunctionality (or 'moonlighting') is overlooked in current research, and in most cases the underlying mechanisms that give rise to unconventional ex muro trafficking, targeting, and functions of polysaccharides and glycoproteins remain elusive. This review highlights major examples of the extramural occurrence of various glycan cell wall components, discusses the possible significance and implications of these phenomena for plant physiology, and lists exciting open questions to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark.
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14
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Ruprecht C, Blaukopf M, Pfrengle F. Synthetic fragments of plant polysaccharides as tools for cell wall biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102208. [PMID: 36108403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable bioeconomy that includes increased agricultural productivity and new technologies to convert renewable biomass to value-added products may help meet the demands of a growing world population for food, energy and materials. The potential use of plant biomass is determined by the properties of the cell walls, consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, and the polyphenolic polymer lignin. Comprehensive knowledge of cell wall glycan structure and biosynthesis is therefore essential for optimal utilization. However, several areas of plant cell wall research are hampered by a lack of available pure oligosaccharide samples that represent structural features of cell wall glycans. Here, we provide an update on recent chemical syntheses of plant cell wall oligosaccharides and their application in characterizing plant cell wall-directed antibodies and carbohydrate-active enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases, with a particular focus on glycan array technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Fradera-Soler M, Leverett A, Mravec J, Jørgensen B, Borland AM, Grace OM. Are cell wall traits a component of the succulent syndrome? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043429. [PMID: 36507451 PMCID: PMC9732111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Succulence is an adaptation to low water availability characterised by the presence of water-storage tissues that alleviate water stress under low water availability. The succulent syndrome has evolved convergently in over 80 plant families and is associated with anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits. Despite the alleged importance of cell wall traits in drought responses, their significance in the succulent syndrome has long been overlooked. Here, by analyzing published pressure-volume curves, we show that elastic adjustment, whereby plants change cell wall elasticity, is uniquely beneficial to succulents for avoiding turgor loss. In addition, we used comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) to assess the biochemical composition of cell walls in leaves. Across phylogenetically diverse species, we uncover several differences in cell wall biochemistry between succulent and non-succulent leaves, pointing to the existence of a 'succulent glycome'. We also highlight the glycomic diversity among succulent plants, with some glycomic features being restricted to certain succulent lineages. In conclusion, we suggest that cell wall biomechanics and biochemistry should be considered among the characteristic traits that make up the succulent syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Leverett
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anne M. Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Olwen M. Grace
- Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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16
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Herburger K, Schoenaers S, Vissenberg K, Mravec J. Shank-localized cell wall growth contributes to Arabidopsis root hair elongation. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1222-1232. [PMID: 36303011 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are highly elongated tubular extensions of root epidermal cells with a plethora of physiological functions, particularly in establishing the root-rhizosphere interface. Anisotropic expansion of root hairs is generally thought to be exclusively mediated by tip growth-a highly controlled apically localized secretion of cell wall material-enriched vesicles that drives the extension of the apical dome. Here we show that tip growth is not the only mode of root hair elongation. We identified events of substantial shank-localized cell wall expansion along the polar growth axis of Arabidopsis root hairs using morphometric analysis with quantum dots. These regions expanded after in vivo immunolocalization using cell wall-directed antibodies and appeared as distinct bands that were devoid of cell wall labelling. Application of a novel click chemistry-enabled galactose analogue for pulse chase and real-time imaging allowed us to label xyloglucan, a major root hair glycan, and demonstrate its de novo deposition and enzymatic remodelling in these shank regions. Our data reveal a previously unknown aspect of root hair growth in which both tip- and shank-localized dynamic cell wall deposition and remodelling contribute to root hair elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Herburger
- Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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17
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Zhu Y, McFarlane HE. Regulation of cellulose synthesis via exocytosis and endocytosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102273. [PMID: 35987011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a critical component of plant cell walls. Cellulose is made at the plasma membrane by cellulose synthase (CESA) enzymes organized into large, multi-subunit cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Although CESAs are only active at the plasma membrane, fluorescently-tagged CESAs also substantially label the Golgi apparatus and other intracellular compartments, even when cellulose synthesis rates are high. These data imply that CESA activity is regulated by trafficking to the plasma membrane (exocytosis) and removal from the plasma membrane (endocytosis), as well as recycling of endocytosed CESAs back to the plasma membrane. Key molecular components and events of CESA exocytosis and endocytosis have recently been defined, primarily using mutant analysis and live-cell imaging in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we integrate these data into a working model of CESA regulation by exocytosis and endocytosis and highlight key outstanding questions. We present the hypothesis that cycling of CESAs between the plasma membrane and the endomembrane system is important for regulating cellulose synthesis and for maintaining a robust population of active CSCs in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St. Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St. Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
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18
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Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Classen B. The cell wall of hornworts and liverworts: innovations in early land plant evolution? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4454-4472. [PMID: 35470398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important step for plant diversification was the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats. The bryophytes and all vascular plants share a common ancestor that was probably the first to adapt to life on land. A polysaccharide-rich cell wall was necessary to cope with newly faced environmental conditions. Therefore, some pre-requisites for terrestrial life have to be shared in the lineages of modern bryophytes and vascular plants. This review focuses on hornwort and liverwort cell walls and aims to provide an overview on shared and divergent polysaccharide features between these two groups of bryophytes and vascular plants. Analytical, immunocytochemical, and bioinformatic data were analysed. The major classes of polysaccharides-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins-seem to be present but have diversified structurally during evolution. Some polysaccharide groups show structural characteristics which separate hornworts from the other bryophytes or are too poorly studied in detail to be able to draw absolute conclusions. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein backbones are found in hornworts and liverworts, and show differences in, for example, the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored arabinogalactan-proteins, while glycosylation is practically unstudied. Overall, the data are an appeal to researchers in the field to gain more knowledge on cell wall structures in order to understand the changes with regard to bryophyte evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Gupta A, Awasthi P, Sharma N, Parveen S, Vats RP, Singh N, Kumar Y, Goel A, Chandran D. Medicarpin confers powdery mildew resistance in Medicago truncatula and activates the salicylic acid signalling pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:966-983. [PMID: 35263504 PMCID: PMC9190973 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe pisi is an economically important disease of legumes. Legumes are rich in isoflavonoids, a class of secondary metabolites whose role in PM resistance is ambiguous. Here we show that the pterocarpan medicarpin accumulates at fungal infection sites, as analysed by fluorescein-tagged medicarpin, and provides penetration and post-penetration resistance against E. pisi in Medicago truncatula in part through the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. Comparative gene expression and metabolite analyses revealed an early induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation of the defence phytohormones SA and jasmonic acid (JA) in the highly resistant M. truncatula genotype A17 but not in moderately susceptible R108 in response to PM infection. Pretreatment of R108 leaves with medicarpin increased SA levels, SA-associated gene expression, and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide at PM infection sites, and reduced fungal penetration and colony formation. Strong parallels in the levels of medicarpin and SA, but not JA, were observed on medicarpin/SA treatment pre- or post-PM infection. Collectively, our results suggest that medicarpin and SA may act in concert to restrict E. pisi growth, providing new insights into the metabolic and signalling pathways required for PM resistance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Neha Sharma
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ravi P. Vats
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
- Present address:
Institute of Stem Cell Science and Regenerative MedicineBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology InstituteNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
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20
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Proença PL, Carvalho LB, Campos EV, Fraceto LF. Fluorescent labeling as a strategy to evaluate uptake and transport of polymeric nanoparticles in plants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102695. [PMID: 35598536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable nanopolymers in agriculture offers an excellent alternative for the efficient delivery of agrochemicals that promote plant protection and development. However, tracking of these systems inside plants requires complex probe tagging strategies. In addition to providing a basis for better understanding such nanostructures to optimize delivery system design, these probes allow monitoring the migration of nanoparticles through plant tissues, and determine accumulation sites. Thus, these probes are powerful tools that can be used to quantify and visualize nanoparticle accumulation in plant cells and tissues. This review is an overview of the methods involved in labeling nanocarriers, mainly based on polymeric matrices, for the delivery of nanoagrochemicals and the recent advances in this field.
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21
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Sinclair R, Hsu G, Davis D, Chang M, Rosquete M, Iwasa JH, Drakakaki G. Plant cytokinesis and the construction of new cell wall. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2243-2255. [PMID: 35695093 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis in plants is fundamentally different from that in animals and fungi. In plant cells, a cell plate forms through the fusion of cytokinetic vesicles and then develops into the new cell wall, partitioning the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. The formation of the cell plate entails multiple stages that involve highly orchestrated vesicle accumulation, fusion, and membrane maturation, which occur concurrently with the timely deposition of polysaccharides such as callose, cellulose, and cross-linking glycans. This review summarizes the major stages in cytokinesis, endomembrane components involved in cell plate assembly and its transition to a new cell wall. An animation that can be widely used for educational purposes further summarizes the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Sinclair
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Grace Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Destiny Davis
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Current address: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Mingqin Chang
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michel Rosquete
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Current address: Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Janet H Iwasa
- Department of Biochemistry University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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22
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Fradera-Soler M, Grace OM, Jørgensen B, Mravec J. Elastic and collapsible: current understanding of cell walls in succulent plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2290-2307. [PMID: 35167681 PMCID: PMC9015807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Succulent plants represent a large functional group of drought-resistant plants that store water in specialized tissues. Several co-adaptive traits accompany this water-storage capacity to constitute the succulent syndrome. A widely reported anatomical adaptation of cell walls in succulent tissues allows them to fold in a regular fashion during extended drought, thus preventing irreversible damage and permitting reversible volume changes. Although ongoing research on crop and model species continuously reports the importance of cell walls and their dynamics in drought resistance, the cell walls of succulent plants have received relatively little attention to date, despite the potential of succulents as natural capital to mitigate the effects of climate change. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cell walls in drought-avoiding succulents and their effects on tissue biomechanics, water relations, and photosynthesis. We also highlight the existing knowledge gaps and propose a hypothetical model for regulated cell wall folding in succulent tissues upon dehydration. Future perspectives of methodological development in succulent cell wall characterization, including the latest technological advances in molecular and imaging techniques, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | | | | | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Correspondence: or
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23
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Maceda A, Terrazas T. Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for the Analysis and Characterization of Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:961. [PMID: 35267784 PMCID: PMC8912355 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most studied and analyzed materials due to its importance in cell structure and in lignocellulosic biomass. Because lignin exhibits autofluorescence, methods have been developed that allow it to be analyzed and characterized directly in plant tissue and in samples of lignocellulose fibers. Compared to destructive and costly analytical techniques, fluorescence microscopy presents suitable alternatives for the analysis of lignin autofluorescence. Therefore, this review article analyzes the different methods that exist and that have focused specifically on the study of lignin because with the revised methods, lignin is characterized efficiently and in a short time. The existing qualitative methods are Epifluorescence and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy; however, other semi-qualitative methods have been developed that allow fluorescence measurements and to quantify the differences in the structural composition of lignin. The methods are fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy, two-photon microscopy, Föster resonance energy transfer, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, total internal reflection fluorescence, and stimulated emission depletion. With these methods, it is possible to analyze the transport and polymerization of lignin monomers, distribution of lignin of the syringyl or guaiacyl type in the tissues of various plant species, and changes in the degradation of wood by pulping and biopulping treatments as well as identify the purity of cellulose nanofibers though lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Maceda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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24
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Ovečka M, Sojka J, Tichá M, Komis G, Basheer J, Marchetti C, Šamajová O, Kuběnová L, Šamaj J. Imaging plant cells and organs with light-sheet and super-resolution microscopy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:683-702. [PMID: 35235660 PMCID: PMC8825356 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The documentation of plant growth and development requires integrative and scalable approaches to investigate and spatiotemporally resolve various dynamic processes at different levels of plant body organization. The present update deals with vigorous developments in mesoscopy, microscopy and nanoscopy methods that have been translated to imaging of plant subcellular compartments, cells, tissues and organs over the past 3 years with the aim to report recent applications and reasonable expectations from current light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and super-resolution microscopy (SRM) modalities. Moreover, the shortcomings and limitations of existing LSFM and SRM are discussed, particularly for their ability to accommodate plant samples and regarding their documentation potential considering spherical aberrations or temporal restrictions prohibiting the dynamic recording of fast cellular processes at the three dimensions. For a more comprehensive description, advances in living or fixed sample preparation methods are also included, supported by an overview of developments in labeling strategies successfully applied in plants. These strategies are practically documented by current applications employing model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., but also robust crop species such as Medicago sativa L. and Hordeum vulgare L. Over the past few years, the trend towards designing of integrative microscopic modalities has become apparent and it is expected that in the near future LSFM and SRM will be bridged to achieve broader multiscale plant imaging with a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sojka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Tichá
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jasim Basheer
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cintia Marchetti
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kuběnová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Author for communication:
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25
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Morel O, Lion C, Neutelings G, Stefanov J, Baldacci‐Cresp F, Simon C, Biot C, Hawkins S, Spriet C. REPRISAL: mapping lignification dynamics using chemistry, data segmentation, and ratiometric analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:816-830. [PMID: 34687294 PMCID: PMC8825451 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a methodology for detailed mapping of the lignification capacity of plant cell walls that we have called "REPRISAL" for REPorter Ratiometrics Integrating Segmentation for Analyzing Lignification. REPRISAL consists of the combination of three separate approaches. In the first approach, H*, G*, and S* monolignol chemical reporters, corresponding to p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, are used to label the growing lignin polymer in a fluorescent triple labeling strategy based on the sequential use of three main bioorthogonal chemical reactions. In the second step, an automatic parametric and/or artificial intelligence segmentation algorithm is developed that assigns fluorescent image pixels to three distinct cell wall zones corresponding to cell corners, compound middle lamella and secondary cell walls. The last step corresponds to the exploitation of a ratiometric approach enabling statistical analyses of differences in monolignol reporter distribution (ratiometric method [RM] 1) and proportions (RM 2) within the different cell wall zones. We first describe the use of this methodology to map developmentally related changes in the lignification capacity of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) interfascicular fiber cells. We then apply REPRISAL to analyze the Arabidopsis peroxidase (PRX) mutant prx64 and provide further evidence for the implication of the AtPRX64 protein in floral stem lignification. In addition, we also demonstrate the general applicability of REPRISAL by using it to map lignification capacity in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and maize (Zea mays). Finally, we show that the methodology can be used to map the incorporation of a fucose reporter into noncellulosic cell wall polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Morel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Lion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
| | - Godfrey Neutelings
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
| | - Jonathan Stefanov
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Fabien Baldacci‐Cresp
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
| | - Clemence Simon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
- Author for communication:
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
| | - Corentin Spriet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F 59000, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille F-59000, France
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26
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Roeder AHK, Otegui MS, Dixit R, Anderson CT, Faulkner C, Zhang Y, Harrison MJ, Kirchhelle C, Goshima G, Coate JE, Doyle JJ, Hamant O, Sugimoto K, Dolan L, Meyer H, Ehrhardt DW, Boudaoud A, Messina C. Fifteen compelling open questions in plant cell biology. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:72-102. [PMID: 34529074 PMCID: PMC8774073 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions-the things we do not know-as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open questions in plant cell biology. These are their questions: How are organelle identity, domains, and boundaries maintained under the continuous flux of vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling? Is the plant cortical microtubule cytoskeleton a mechanosensory apparatus? How are the cellular pathways of cell wall synthesis, assembly, modification, and integrity sensing linked in plants? Why do plasmodesmata open and close? Is there retrograde signaling from vacuoles to the nucleus? How do root cells accommodate fungal endosymbionts? What is the role of cell edges in plant morphogenesis? How is the cell division site determined? What are the emergent effects of polyploidy on the biology of the cell, and how are any such "rules" conditioned by cell type? Can mechanical forces trigger new cell fates in plants? How does a single differentiated somatic cell reprogram and gain pluripotency? How does polarity develop de-novo in isolated plant cells? What is the spectrum of cellular functions for membraneless organelles and intrinsically disordered proteins? How do plants deal with internal noise? How does order emerge in cells and propagate to organs and organisms from complex dynamical processes? We hope you find the discussions of these questions thought provoking and inspiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Christine Faulkner
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jeremy E Coate
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA
| | - Jeff J Doyle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Liam Dolan
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Heather Meyer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau Cedex 91128 France
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27
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Narváez-Barragán DA, Tovar-Herrera OE, Guevara-García A, Serrano M, Martinez-Anaya C. Mechanisms of plant cell wall surveillance in response to pathogens, cell wall-derived ligands and the effect of expansins to infection resistance or susceptibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969343. [PMID: 36082287 PMCID: PMC9445675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall integrity is tightly regulated and maintained given that non-physiological modification of cell walls could render plants vulnerable to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Expansins are plant cell wall-modifying proteins active during many developmental and physiological processes, but they can also be produced by bacteria and fungi during interaction with plant hosts. Cell wall alteration brought about by ectopic expression, overexpression, or exogenous addition of expansins from either eukaryote or prokaryote origin can in some instances provide resistance to pathogens, while in other cases plants become more susceptible to infection. In these circumstances altered cell wall mechanical properties might be directly responsible for pathogen resistance or susceptibility outcomes. Simultaneously, through membrane receptors for enzymatically released cell wall fragments or by sensing modified cell wall barrier properties, plants trigger intracellular signaling cascades inducing defense responses and reinforcement of the cell wall, contributing to various infection phenotypes, in which expansins might also be involved. Here, we review the plant immune response activated by cell wall surveillance mechanisms, cell wall fragments identified as responsible for immune responses, and expansin's roles in resistance and susceptibility of plants to pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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28
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Sexauer M, Shen D, Schön M, Andersen TG, Markmann K. Visualizing polymeric components that define distinct root barriers across plant lineages. Development 2021; 148:273645. [PMID: 34878124 PMCID: PMC8714062 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic cell wall depositions in roots play a key role in plant development and interaction with the soil environment, as they generate barriers that regulate bidirectional nutrient flux. Techniques to label the respective polymers are emerging, but are efficient only in thin roots or sections. Moreover, simultaneous imaging of the barrier constituents lignin and suberin remains problematic owing to their similar chemical compositions. Here, we describe a staining method compatible with single- and multiphoton confocal microscopy that allows for concurrent visualization of primary cell walls and distinct secondary depositions in one workflow. This protocol permits efficient separation of suberin- and lignin-specific signals with high resolution, enabling precise dissection of barrier constituents. Our approach is compatible with imaging of fluorescent proteins, and can thus complement genetic markers or aid the dissection of barriers in biotic root interactions. We further demonstrate applicability in deep root tissues of plant models and crops across phylogenetic lineages. Our optimized toolset will significantly advance our understanding of root barrier dynamics and function, and of their role in plant interactions with the rhizospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sexauer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Tübingen University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Defeng Shen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Schön
- Department of Plant Physiology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Tübingen University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Tübingen University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Głazowska S, Mravec J. An aptamer highly specific to cellulose enables the analysis of the association of cellulose with matrix cell wall polymers in vitro and in muro. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:579-599. [PMID: 34314513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current toolbox of cell wall-directed molecular probes has been pivotal for advancing basic and application-oriented plant carbohydrate research; however, it still exhibits limitations regarding target diversity and specificity. Scarcity of probes targeting intramolecular associations between cell wall polymers particularly hinders our understanding of the cell wall microstructure and affects the development of effective means for its efficient deconstruction for bioconversion. Here we report a detailed characterization of a cellulose-binding DNA aptamer CELAPT MINI using a combination of various in vitro biochemical, biophysical, and molecular biology techniques. Our results show evidence for its high specificity towards long non-substituted β-(1-4)-glucan chains in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Fluorescent conjugates of CELAPT MINI are applicable as in situ cellulose probes and are well suited for various microscopy techniques, including super-resolution imaging. Compatibility of fluorescent CELAPT MINI variants with immunodetection of cell wall matrix polymers enabled them simultaneously to resolve the fibrillar organization of complex cellulose-enriched pulp material and to quantify the level of cellulose masking by xyloglucan and xylan. Using enzymatically, chemically, or genetically modulated Brachypodium internode sections we showed the diversity in cell wall packing among various cell types and even cell wall microdomains. We showed that xylan is the most prominent, but not the only, cellulose-masking agent in Brachypodium internode tissues. These results collectively highlight the hitherto unexplored potential to expand the cell wall probing toolbox with highly specific and versatile in vitro generated polynucleotide probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
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30
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Leroux O, Closson T, Van Der Straeten D. Imaging Mass Cytometry: A promising multiplex detection tool for plant science research. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1241-1243. [PMID: 34116222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Leroux
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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31
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Mirikaram N, Pérez-Molina Á, Morales-Torres S, Salemi A, Maldonado-Hódar FJ, Pastrana-Martínez LM. Photocatalytic Perfomance of ZnO-Graphene Oxide Composites towards the Degradation of Vanillic Acid under Solar Radiation and Visible-LED. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1576. [PMID: 34203965 PMCID: PMC8232730 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of vanillic acid (VA) under simulated solar light and visible-LED (λ > 430 nm). ZnO-GO composites are prepared by a mixing and sonication process with different GO loadings (i.e., from 1.8 to 6.5 wt.%). The materials are extensively characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), physisorption of N2, X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), point of zero charge (pHPZC), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRUV). The presence of GO increases the photocatalytic activity of all the prepared composites in comparison with the pristine ZnO. The highest photocatalytic activity is found for the composite containing 5.5 wt.% of GO (i.e., ZnO-GO5.5), reaching a VA degradation of 99% and 35% under solar light and visible-LED, respectively. Higher TOC removal/VA degradation ratios are obtained from the experiments carried out under visible-LED, indicating a more effective process for the mineralization of VA than those observed under simulated solar light. The influence of hole, radical, and non-radical scavengers is studied in order to assess the occurrence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the photocatalytic mechanism. The study of the photo-stability during three reuse experiments indicates that the presence of GO in the composites reduces the photocorrosion in comparison with pristine ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mirikaram
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.); (Á.P.-M.); (S.M.-T.); (F.J.M.-H.)
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Molina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.); (Á.P.-M.); (S.M.-T.); (F.J.M.-H.)
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.); (Á.P.-M.); (S.M.-T.); (F.J.M.-H.)
| | - Amir Salemi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Francisco J. Maldonado-Hódar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.); (Á.P.-M.); (S.M.-T.); (F.J.M.-H.)
| | - Luisa M. Pastrana-Martínez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain; (N.M.); (Á.P.-M.); (S.M.-T.); (F.J.M.-H.)
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