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Fadel AN, Ibrahim SS, Sandeu MM, Tatsinkou CGM, Menze BD, Irving H, Hearn J, Nagi SC, Weedall GD, Terence E, Tchapga W, Wanji S, Wondji CS. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of increased intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Central African population of a major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13641. [PMID: 38410533 PMCID: PMC10895554 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms driving the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria mosquitoes of Central Africa remain largely uncharacterized, hindering effective management strategies. Here, resistance intensity and the molecular mechanisms driving it were investigated in a population of Anopheles coluzzii from northern Cameroon. High levels of pyrethroid and organochloride resistance were observed in An. coluzzii population, with no mortality for 1× permethrin; only 11% and 33% mortalities for 5× and 10× permethrin diagnostic concentrations, and <2% mortalities for deltamethrin and DDT, respectively. Moderate bendiocarb resistance (88% mortality) and full susceptibility to malathion were observed. Synergist bioassays with piperonyl butoxide recovered permethrin susceptibility, with mortalities increasing to 53.39%, and 87.30% for 5× and 10× permethrin, respectively, implicating P450 monooxygenases. Synergist bioassays with diethyl maleate (DEM) recovered permethrin and DDT susceptibilities (mortalities increasing to 34.75% and 14.88%, respectively), implicating glutathione S-transferases. RNA-seq-based genome-wide transcriptional analyses supported by quantitative PCR identified glutathione S-transferase, GSTe2 (RNA-seqFC = 2.93 and qRT-PCRFC = 8.4, p < 0.0043) and CYP450, CYP6Z2 (RNA-seqFC = 2.39 and qRT-PCRFC = 11.7, p < 0.0177) as the most overexpressed detoxification genes in the pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, compared to mosquitoes of the susceptible Ngousso colony. Other overexpressed genes include P450s, CYP6M2 (FC = 1.68, p < 0.0114), CYP4G16 (FC = 2.02, p < 0.0005), and CYP4G17 (FC = 1.86, p < 0.0276). While high frequency of the 1014F kdr mutation (50%) and low frequencies of 1014S (6.61%) and 1575Y (10.29%) were observed, no ace-1 mutation was detected in bendiocarb-resistant populations, suggesting the preeminent role of metabolic mechanism. Overexpression of metabolic resistance genes (including GSTe2 and CYP6Z2 known to confer resistance to multiple insecticides) in An. coluzzii from the Sudan Savannah of Cameroon highlights the need for alternative management strategies to reduce malaria burden in northern Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen N. Fadel
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Sulaiman S. Ibrahim
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
- Department of BiochemistryBayero UniversityKanoNigeria
- Vector Biology DepartmentLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)LiverpoolUK
| | - Maurice M. Sandeu
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and SciencesUniversity of NgaoundéréNgaoundéréCameroon
| | | | | | - Helen Irving
- Vector Biology DepartmentLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)LiverpoolUK
| | - Jack Hearn
- Centre of Epidemiology and Planetary HealthNorth FacultyVeterinary & Animal ScienceScotland's Rural CollegeInvernessUK
| | - Sanjay C. Nagi
- Vector Biology DepartmentLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)LiverpoolUK
| | - Gareth D. Weedall
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Ebai Terence
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
| | - Williams Tchapga
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)YaoundéCameroon
- Vector Biology DepartmentLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)LiverpoolUK
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Real-Jaramillo S, Bustillos JJ, Moncayo AL, Neira M, Fárez L, Beltrán E, Ocaña-Mayorga S. Phenotypic resistance not associated with knockdown mutations (kdr) in Anopheles albimanus exposed to deltamethrin in southern coastal Ecuador. Malar J 2024; 23:17. [PMID: 38217047 PMCID: PMC10787486 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decrease in malaria rates (e.g. incidence and cases) in Latin America maintains this region on track to achieve the goal of elimination. During the last 5 years, three countries have been certified as malaria free. However, the region fails to achieve the goal of 40% reduction on malaria rates and an increase of cases has been reported in some countries, including Ecuador. This scenario has been associated with multiple causes, such as decrease of funding to continue anti-malarial programmes and the development of insecticide resistance of the main malaria vectors. In Ecuador, official reports indicated phenotypic resistance in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles albimanus to deltamethrin and malathion, particularly in the coastal areas of Ecuador, however, information about the mechanisms of resistance have not been yet elucidated. This study aims to evaluate phenotypic response to deltamethrin and its relationship with kdr mutations in An. albimanus from two localities with different agricultural activities in southern coastal Ecuador. METHODS The CDC bottle assay was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic status of the mosquito's population. Sequencing the voltage gated sodium channel gene (VGSC) sought knockdown mutations (kdr) in codons 1010, 1013 and 1014 associated with resistance. RESULTS Phenotypic resistance was found in Santa Rosa (63.3%) and suspected resistance in Huaquillas (82.1%); with females presenting a higher median of knockdown rate (83.7%) than males (45.6%). No statistical differences were found between the distributions of knockdown rate for the two localities (p = 0.6048) which indicates no influence of agricultural activity. Although phenotypic resistance was confirmed, genetic analysis demonstrate that this resistance was not related with the kdr mechanism of the VGSC gene because no mutations were found in codons 1010 and 1013, while in codon 1014, 90.6% showed the susceptible sequence (TTG) and 7.3% ambiguous nucleotides (TKK and TYG). CONCLUSIONS These results highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring of resistance in malaria vectors in Ecuador, particularly in areas that have reported outbreaks during the last years. It is also important to elucidate the mechanism involved in the development of the resistance to PYs to propose alternative insecticides or strategies for vector control in areas where resistance is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebasthian Real-Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Calle Pambacienda y San Pedro del Valle, Campus Nayón, 170530, Nayón, Ecuador
| | - Juan J Bustillos
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Calle Pambacienda y San Pedro del Valle, Campus Nayón, 170530, Nayón, Ecuador
| | - Ana L Moncayo
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Calle Pambacienda y San Pedro del Valle, Campus Nayón, 170530, Nayón, Ecuador
| | - Marco Neira
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Calle Pambacienda y San Pedro del Valle, Campus Nayón, 170530, Nayón, Ecuador
- The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonardo Fárez
- Laboratorio de Referencia Intermedio de Entomología CZ707D02, Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador, Machala, Ecuador
| | - Efraín Beltrán
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas y de La Salud, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador
| | - Sofía Ocaña-Mayorga
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Calle Pambacienda y San Pedro del Valle, Campus Nayón, 170530, Nayón, Ecuador.
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Hernandez HM, Martinez FA, Vitek CJ. Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti Varies Seasonally and Geographically in Texas/Mexico Border Cities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2022; 38:59-69. [PMID: 35276730 DOI: 10.2987/21-21-7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide use is the primary method of attempting to reduce or control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Insecticide resistance is a major concern as resistance will limit the efficacy of vector-control efforts. The lower Rio Grande Valley region of South Texas has had autochthonous transmission of multiple mosquito-borne diseases including those caused by dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. However, the current status of mosquito resistance to commonly used pesticides in this region is unknown. In this study, we collected field samples from multiple municipalities in South Texas and assessed resistance using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay. All populations exhibited characteristics of resistance, and permethrin was the most effective insecticide with an average mortality rate of 44.78%. Deltamethrin and sumethrin had significantly lower mortality rates of 20.31% and 32.16%, respectively, although neither of these insecticides are commonly used for vector-control activities in this region. Depending on which insecticide was used, there was little significance between each of the 7 cities. Seasonal variation in resistance was observed among the collection sites. Both deltamethrin and sumethrin exhibited an increase in susceptibility over the course of 10 months, while permethrin exhibited a decrease in susceptibility. These data highlight the need for further studies to determine if variations in resistance observed are repeated. The data and future findings may be useful in determining the most effective strategies for pesticide use and rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Hernandez
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Center for Vector-Borne Diseases, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539
| | - Flor A Martinez
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Center for Vector-Borne Diseases, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539
| | - Christopher J Vitek
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Center for Vector-Borne Diseases, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539
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Esposito Verza A, Miggiano R, Lombardo F, Fiorillo C, Arcà B, Purghé B, Del Grosso E, Galli U, Rizzi M, Rossi F. Biochemical and structural analysis of a cytosolic sulfotransferase of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae overexpressed in the reproductive tissues. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 4:246-255. [PMID: 35941867 PMCID: PMC9356239 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporary or permanent chemical modification of biomolecules is a crucial aspect in the physiology of all living species. However, while some modules are well characterised also in insects, others did not receive the same attention. This holds true for sulfo-conjugation that is catalysed by cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULT), a central component of the metabolism of endogenous low molecular weight molecules and xenobiotics. In particular, limited information is available about the functional roles of the mosquito predicted enzymes annotated as SULTs in genomic databases. The herein described research is the first example of a biochemical and structural study of a SULT of a mosquito species, in general, and of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in particular. We confirmed that the AGAP001425 transcript displays a peculiar expression pattern that is suggestive of a possible involvement in modulating the mosquito reproductive tissues physiology, a fact that could raise attention on the enzyme as a potential target for insect-containment strategies. The crystal structures of the enzyme in alternative ligand-bound states revealed elements distinguishing AgSULT-001425 from other characterized SULTs, including a peculiar conformational plasticity of a discrete region that shields the catalytic cleft and that could play a main role in the dynamics of the reaction and in the substrate selectivity of the enzyme. Along with further in vitro biochemical studies, our structural investigations could provide a framework for the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors to assess the effect of interfering with AgSULT-001425-mediated catalysis at the organismal level. Mosquito cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULT) are poorly characterized. A SULT-encoding gene is highly transcribed in Anopheles male reproductive system. The corresponding enzyme is a genuine SULT acting on small phenolic molecules. We solved the AgSULT crystal structure in its substrate-free and ligand-bound states. The peculiar features of AgSULT could drive the design of isozyme-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Esposito Verza
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lombardo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases – Division of Parasitology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Fiorillo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases – Division of Parasitology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases – Division of Parasitology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Purghé
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
| | - Franca Rossi
- University of Piemonte Orientale, DSF Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, Italy
- Corresponding author. University of Piemonte Orientale DSF - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Largo Donegani, 2 - 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Kefi M, Charamis J, Balabanidou V, Ioannidis P, Ranson H, Ingham VA, Vontas J. Transcriptomic analysis of resistance and short-term induction response to pyrethroids, in Anopheles coluzzii legs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:891. [PMID: 34903168 PMCID: PMC8667434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying comprise the major control measures against Anopheles gambiae sl, the dominant vector in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary site of contact with insecticide is through the mosquitoes' legs, which represents the first barrier insecticides have to bypass to reach their neuronal targets. Proteomic changes and leg cuticle modifications have been associated with insecticide resistance that may reduce the rate of penetration of insecticides. Here, we performed a multiple transcriptomic analyses focusing on An. coluzzii legs. RESULTS Firstly, leg-specific enrichment analysis identified 359 genes including the pyrethroid-binder SAP2 and 2 other chemosensory proteins, along with 4 ABCG transporters previously shown to be leg enriched. Enrichment of gene families included those involved in detecting chemical stimuli, including gustatory and ionotropic receptors and genes implicated in hydrocarbon-synthesis. Subsequently, we compared transcript expression in the legs of a highly resistant strain (VK7-HR) to both a strain with very similar genetic background which has reverted to susceptibility after several generations without insecticide pressure (VK7-LR) and a lab susceptible population (NG). Two hundred thirty-two differentially expressed genes (73 up-regulated and 159 down-regulated) were identified in the resistant strain when compared to the two susceptible counterparts, indicating an over-expression of phase I detoxification enzymes and cuticular proteins, with decrease in hormone-related metabolic processes in legs from the insecticide resistant population. Finally, we analysed the short-term effect of pyrethroid exposure on An. coluzzii legs, comparing legs of 1 h-deltamethrin-exposed An. coluzzii (VK7-IN) to those of unexposed mosquitoes (VK7-HR) and identified 348 up-regulated genes including those encoding for GPCRs, ABC transporters, odorant-binding proteins and members of the divergent salivary gland protein family. CONCLUSIONS The data on An. coluzzii leg-specific transcriptome provides valuable insights into the first line of defense in pyrethroid resistant and short-term deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that xenobiotic detoxification is likely occurring in legs, while the enrichment of sensory proteins, ABCG transporters and cuticular genes is also evident. Constitutive resistance is primarily associated with elevated levels of detoxification and cuticular genes, while short-term insecticide-induced tolerance is linked with overexpression of transporters, GPCRs and GPCR-related genes, sensory/binding and salivary gland proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kefi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Charamis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - V Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - H Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - V A Ingham
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
- Parasitology Unit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece.
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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Messenger LA, Impoinvil LM, Derilus D, Yewhalaw D, Irish S, Lenhart A. A whole transcriptomic approach provides novel insights into the molecular basis of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103655. [PMID: 34562591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is of increasing concern in Ethiopia because of its potential implications for vector control failure. To better elucidate the specificity of resistance mechanisms and to facilitate the design of control strategies that minimize the likelihood of selecting for cross-resistance, a whole transcriptomic approach was used to explore gene expression patterns in a multi-insecticide resistant population of Anopheles arabiensis from Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This field population was resistant to the diagnostic doses of malathion (average mortality of 71.9%) and permethrin (77.4%), with pools of survivors and unexposed individuals analyzed using Illumina RNA-sequencing, alongside insecticide susceptible reference strains. This population also demonstrated deltamethrin resistance but complete susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur, providing a phenotypic basis for detecting insecticide-specific resistance mechanisms. Transcriptomic data revealed overexpression of genes including cytochrome P450s, glutathione-s-transferases and carboxylesterases (including CYP4C36, CYP6AA1, CYP6M2, CYP6M3, CYP6P4, CYP9K1, CYP9L1, GSTD3, GSTE2, GSTE3, GSTE4, GSTE5, GSTE7 and two carboxylesterases) that were shared between malathion and permethrin survivors. We also identified nineteen highly overexpressed cuticular-associated proteins (including CYP4G16, CYP4G17 and chitinase) and eighteen salivary gland proteins (including D7r4 short form salivary protein), which may be contributing to a non-specific resistance phenotype by either enhancing the cuticular barrier or promoting binding and sequestration of insecticides, respectively. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in this lesser well-characterized major malaria vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A Messenger
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW Washington, DC, 20036, USA; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Mackenzie Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Dieunel Derilus
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Seth Irish
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; President's Malaria Initiative, Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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Zoh MG, Bonneville JM, Tutagata J, Laporte F, Fodjo BK, Mouhamadou CS, Sadia CG, McBeath J, Schmitt F, Horstmann S, Reynaud S, David JP. Experimental evolution supports the potential of neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination for managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19501. [PMID: 34593941 PMCID: PMC8484614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of neonicotinoids for managing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is of high interest as they interact with a biochemical target not previously used in public health. In this concern, Bayer developed a combination of the neonicotinoid clothianidin and the pyrethroid deltamethrin (brand name Fludora Fusion) as a new vector control tool. Although this combination proved to be efficient against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, its ability to prevent the selection of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid resistance alleles was not investigated. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms of resistance of An. gambiae to the separated or combined components of this combination. A field-derived An. gambiae line carrying resistance alleles to multiple insecticides at low frequencies was used as a starting for 33 successive generations of controlled selection. Resistance levels to each insecticide and target site mutation frequencies were monitored throughout the selection process. Cross resistance to other public health insecticides were also investigated. RNA-seq was used to compare gene transcription variations and polymorphisms across all lines. This study confirmed the potential of this insecticide combination to impair the selection of resistance as compared to its two separated components. Deltamethrin selection led to the rapid enrichment of the kdr L1014F target-site mutation. Clothianidin selection led to the over-transcription of multiple cytochrome P450s including some showing high homology with those conferring neonicotinoid resistance in other insects. A strong selection signature associated with clothianidin selection was also observed on a P450 gene cluster previously associated with resistance. Within this cluster, the gene CYP6M1 showed the highest selection signature together with a transcription profile supporting a role in clothianidin resistance. Modelling the impact of point mutations selected by clothianidin on CYP6M1 protein structure showed that selection retained a protein variant with a modified active site potentially enhancing clothianidin metabolism. In the context of the recent deployment of neonicotinoids for mosquito control and their frequent usage in agriculture, the present study highlights the benefit of combining them with other insecticides for preventing the selection of resistance and sustaining vector control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gonse Zoh
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonneville
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jordan Tutagata
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Behi K Fodjo
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Christabelle Gba Sadia
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Justin McBeath
- Bayer CropScience Ltd, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Stephane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France.
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Jayaswal V, Ndo C, Ma HC, Clifton BD, Pombi M, Cabrera K, Couhet A, Mouline K, Diabaté A, Dabiré R, Ayala D, Ranz JM. Intraspecific Transcriptome Variation and Sex-Biased Expression in Anopheles arabiensis. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6357708. [PMID: 34432020 PMCID: PMC8449828 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and functional patterns of intraspecific transcriptional variation in the anophelines, including those of sex-biased genes underlying sex-specific traits relevant for malaria transmission, remain understudied. As a result, how changes in expression levels drive adaptation in these species is poorly understood. We sequenced the female, male, and larval transcriptomes of three populations of Anopheles arabiensis from Burkina Faso. One-third of the genes were differentially expressed between populations, often involving insecticide resistance-related genes in a sample type-specific manner, and with the females showing the largest number of differentially expressed genes. At the genomic level, the X chromosome appears depleted of differentially expressed genes compared with the autosomes, chromosomes harboring inversions do not exhibit evidence for enrichment of such genes, and genes that are top contributors to functional enrichment patterns of population differentiation tend to be clustered in the genome. Further, the magnitude of variation for the sex expression ratio across populations did not substantially differ between male- and female-biased genes, except for some populations in which male-limited expressed genes showed more variation than their female counterparts. In fact, female-biased genes exhibited a larger level of interpopulation variation than male-biased genes, both when assayed in males and females. Beyond uncovering the extensive adaptive potential of transcriptional variation in An. Arabiensis, our findings suggest that the evolutionary rate of changes in expression levels on the X chromosome exceeds that on the autosomes, while pointing to female-biased genes as the most variable component of the An. Arabiensis transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jayaswal
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hsiu-Ching Ma
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bryan D Clifton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Cabrera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anna Couhet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Diego Ayala
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, IRD, France
| | - José M Ranz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Black WC, Snell TK, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Kading RC, Campbell CL. From Global to Local-New Insights into Features of Pyrethroid Detoxification in Vector Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040276. [PMID: 33804964 PMCID: PMC8063960 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The threat of mosquito-borne diseases continues to be a problem for public health in subtropical and tropical regions of the world; in response, there has been increased use of adulticidal insecticides, such as pyrethroids, in human habitation areas over the last thirty years. As a result, the prevalence of pyrethroid-resistant genetic markers in natural mosquito populations has increased at an alarming rate. This review details recent advances in the understanding of specific mechanisms associated with pyrethroid resistance, with emphasis on features of insecticide detoxification and the interdependence of multiple cellular pathways. Together, these advances add important context to the understanding of the processes that are selected in resistant mosquitoes. Specifically, before pyrethroids bind to their targets on motoneurons, they must first permeate the outer cuticle and diffuse to inner tissues. Resistant mosquitoes have evolved detoxification mechanisms that rely on cytochrome P450s (CYP), esterases, carboxyesterases, and other oxidation/reduction (redox) components to effectively detoxify pyrethroids to nontoxic breakdown products that are then excreted. Enhanced resistance mechanisms have evolved to include alteration of gene copy number, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, as well as changes to cellular signaling mechanisms. Here, we outline the variety of ways in which detoxification has been selected in various mosquito populations, as well as key gene categories involved. Pathways associated with potential new genes of interest are proposed. Consideration of multiple cellular pathways could provide opportunities for development of new insecticides.
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Chen L, Lang K, Mei Y, Shi Z, He K, Li F, Xiao H, Ye G, Han Z. FastD: Fast detection of insecticide target-site mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes in insect populations from RNA-Seq data. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14346-14358. [PMID: 33391720 PMCID: PMC7771117 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Target-site mutations and detoxification gene overexpression are two major mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance. Molecular assays applied to detect these resistance genetic markers are time-consuming and with high false-positive rates. RNA-Seq data contains information on the variations within expressed genomic regions and expression of detoxification genes. However, there is no corresponding method to detect resistance markers at present. Here, we collected 66 reported resistance mutations of four insecticide targets (AChE, VGSC, RyR, and nAChR) from 82 insect species. Next, we obtained 403 sequences of the four target genes and 12,665 sequences of three kinds of detoxification genes including P450s, GSTs, and CCEs. Then, we developed a Perl program, FastD, to detect target-site mutations and overexpressed detoxification genes from RNA-Seq data and constructed a web server for FastD (http://www.insect-genome.com/fastd). The estimation of FastD on simulated RNA-Seq data showed high sensitivity and specificity. We applied FastD to detect resistant markers in 15 populations of six insects, Plutella xylostella, Aphis gossypii, Anopheles arabiensis, Musca domestica, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Apis mellifera. Results showed that 11 RyR mutations in P. xylostella, one nAChR mutation in A. gossypii, one VGSC mutation in A. arabiensis and five VGSC mutations in M. domestica were found to be with frequency difference >40% between resistant and susceptible populations including previously confirmed mutations G4946E in RyR, R81T in nAChR and L1014F in VGSC. And 49 detoxification genes were found to be overexpressed in resistant populations compared with susceptible populations including previously confirmed detoxification genes CYP6BG1, CYP6CY22, CYP6CY13, CYP6P3, CYP6M2, CYP6P4 and CYP4G16. The candidate target-site mutations and detoxification genes were worth further validation. Resistance estimates according to confirmed markers were consistent with population phenotypes, confirming the reliability of this program in predicting population resistance at omics-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kun Lang
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Mei
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenmin Shi
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kang He
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huamei Xiao
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi ProvinceCollege of Life Sciences and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Jing TX, Wang DF, Ma YP, Zeng LL, Meng LW, Zhang Q, Dou W, Wang JJ. Genome-wide and expression-profiling analyses of the cytochrome P450 genes in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and screening of candidate P450 genes associated with malathion resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2932-2943. [PMID: 32400962 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a notorious agricultural pest worldwide, and its resistance to insecticides is a major obstacle in successful control. Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are major metabolic enzymes associated with insecticide resistance. The genome of B. dorsalis was sequenced recently, allowing an integrated genome-wide analysis of P450 genes (P450s) and the analysis of correlations between these genes and insecticide resistance in this pest. RESULTS Totally, 101 P450s were identified in the B. dorsalis genome and classified into four clans, 25 families and 57 subfamilies. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that most of these genes were highly expressed in adults (46) and in metabolic tissues, including the fatbody (63), midgut (61) and Malphagian tubules (66). In a malathion-resistant strain, 13 and 9 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain, and these genes were screened as candidate genes associated with malathion resistance. CONCLUSION This study provides useful information for understanding the evolution and potential functions of P450s in B. dorsalis, and the results lay the foundation for further studies on the correlations between P450s and malathion resistance in B. dorsalis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Wei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Abdulsalam SO, Mohammed AA, Ajao JF, Babatunde RS, Ogundokun RO, Nnodim CT, Arowolo MO. Performance Evaluation of ANOVA and RFE Algorithms for Classifying Microarray Dataset Using SVM. INFORM SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63396-7_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Bernigaud C, Samarawickrama GR, Jones MK, Gasser RB, Fischer K. The Challenge of Developing a Single-Dose Treatment for Scabies. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:931-943. [PMID: 31474559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is a common skin disease with an estimated worldwide incidence of 200 million people infected per year. Its morbidity and mortality is principally due to secondary bacterial infections, a link now well recognized and prompting the recent inclusion of this disease-complex in the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases. The few treatments available are poorly effective against Sarcoptes scabiei eggs and appear to induce resistance in the parasite. An ideal alternative would be a single-dose regimen that kills all developmental stages, including eggs. Drugs used in the veterinary field and applied to other arthropods could be tested experimentally in an established pig-scabies model. Moreover, functional genomics combined with target validation through biochemical research should assist in identifying new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bernigaud
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Program, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4006, Australia; Dermatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; Research group Dynamyc, EA7380, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Gangi R Samarawickrama
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Program, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Program, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
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Simma EA, Dermauw W, Balabanidou V, Snoeck S, Bryon A, Clark RM, Yewhalaw D, Vontas J, Duchateau L, Van Leeuwen T. Genome-wide gene expression profiling reveals that cuticle alterations and P450 detoxification are associated with deltamethrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles arabiensis populations from Ethiopia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1808-1818. [PMID: 30740870 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector control is the main intervention in malaria control and elimination strategies. However, the development of insecticide resistance is one of the major challenges for controlling malaria vectors. Anopheles arabiensis populations in Ethiopia showed resistance against both DDT and the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Although an L1014F target-site resistance mutation was present in the voltage gated sodium channel of investigated populations, the levels of resistance indicated the presence of additional resistance mechanisms. In this study, we used genome-wide transcriptome profiling by RNAseq to assess differentially expressed genes between three deltamethrin and DDT resistant An. arabiensis field populations - Asendabo, Chewaka and Tolay - and two susceptible strains - Sekoru and Mozambique. RESULTS Both RNAseq analysis and RT-qPCR showed that a glutathione-S-transferase, gstd3, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, cyp6p4, were significantly overexpressed in the group of resistant populations compared to the susceptible strains, suggesting that the enzymes they encode play a key role in metabolic resistance against deltamethrin or DDT. Furthermore, a gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that expression changes of cuticle related genes were strongly associated with insecticide resistance. Although this did not translate in increased thickness of the procuticle, a higher cuticular hydrocarbon content was observed in a resistant population. CONCLUSION Our transcriptome sequencing of deltamethrin and DDT resistant An. arabiensis populations from Ethiopia suggests non-target site resistance mechanisms and paves the way for further investigation of the role of cuticle composition in insecticide resistance of malaria vectors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eba A Simma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Santana RAG, Oliveira MC, Cabral I, Junior RCAS, de Sousa DRT, Ferreira L, Lacerda MVG, Monteiro WM, Abrantes P, Guerra MDGVB, Silveira H. Anopheles aquasalis transcriptome reveals autophagic responses to Plasmodium vivax midgut invasion. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:261. [PMID: 31126324 PMCID: PMC6534896 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elimination of malaria depends on mastering transmission and understanding the biological basis of Plasmodium infection in the vector. The first mosquito organ to interact with the parasite is the midgut and its transcriptomic characterization during infection can reveal effective antiplasmodial responses able to limit the survival of the parasite. The vector response to Plasmodium vivax is not fully characterized, and its specificities when compared with other malaria parasites can be of fundamental interest for specific control measures. Methods Experimental infections were performed using a membrane-feeding device. Three groups were used: P. vivax-blood-fed, blood-fed on inactivated gametocytes, and unfed mosquitoes. Twenty-four hours after feeding, the mosquitoes were dissected and the midgut collected for transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq. Nine cDNA libraries were generated and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2500. Readings were checked for quality control and analysed using the Trinity platform for de novo transcriptome assembly. Transcript quantification was performed and the transcriptome was functionally annotated. Differential expression gene analysis was carried out. The role of the identified mechanisms was further explored using functional approaches. Results Forty-nine genes were identified as being differentially expressed with P. vivax infection: 34 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Half of the P. vivax-related differentially expressed genes could be related to autophagy; therefore, the effect of the known inhibitor (wortmannin) and activator (spermidine) was tested on the infection outcome. Autophagic activation significantly reduced the intensity and prevalence of infection. This was associated with transcription alterations of the autophagy regulating genes Beclin, DRAM and Apg8. Conclusions Our data indicate that P. vivax invasion of An. aquasalis midgut epithelium triggers an autophagic response and its activation reduces infection. This suggests a novel mechanism that mosquitoes can use to fight Plasmodium infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3506-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Amélia Gonçalves Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maurício Costa Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iria Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rubens Celso Andrade Silva Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Débora Raysa Teixeira de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Abrantes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil. .,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Machani MG, Ochomo E, Sang D, Bonizzoni M, Zhou G, Githeko AK, Yan G, Afrane YA. Influence of blood meal and age of mosquitoes on susceptibility to pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae from Western Kenya. Malar J 2019; 18:112. [PMID: 30940139 PMCID: PMC6444593 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological characteristics (age and blood feeding status) of malaria vectors can influence their susceptibility to the current vector control tools that target their feeding and resting behaviour. To ensure the sustainability of the current and future vector control tools an understanding of how physiological characteristics may contribute to insecticide tolerance in the field is fundamental for shaping resistance management strategies and vector control tools. The aim of this study was to determine whether blood meal and mosquito age affect pyrethroid tolerance in field-collected Anopheles gambiae from western Kenya. METHODS Wild mosquito larvae were reared to adulthood alongside the pyrethroid-susceptible Kisumu strain. Adult females from the two populations were monitored for deltamethrin resistance when they were young at 2-5 days old and older 14-16 days old and whether fed or unfed for each age group. Metabolic assays were also performed to determine the level of detoxification enzymes. Mosquito specimens were further identified to species level using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was the predominant species comprising 96% of specimens and 2.75% Anopheles arabiensis. Bioassay results showed reduced pyrethroid induced mortality with younger mosquitoes compared to older ones (mortality rates 83% vs. 98%), independently of their feeding status. Reduced mortality was recorded with younger females of which were fed compared to their unfed counterparts of the same age with a mortality rate of 35.5% vs. 83%. Older blood-fed females showed reduced susceptibility after exposure when compared to unfed females of the same age (mortality rates 86% vs. 98%). For the Kisumu susceptible population, mortality was straight 100% regardless of age and blood feeding status. Blood feeding status and mosquito age had an effect on enzyme levels in both populations, with blood fed individuals showing higher enzyme elevations compared to their unfed counterparts (P < 0.0001). The interaction between mosquito age and blood fed status had significant effect on mosquito mortality. CONCLUSION The results showed that mosquito age and blood feeding status confers increased tolerance to insecticides as blood feeding may be playing an important role in the toxicity of deltamethrin, allowing mosquitoes to rest on insecticide-treated materials despite treatment. These may have implications for the sustained efficacy of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets based control programmes that target indoor resting female mosquitoes of various gonotrophic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell G Machani
- Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - David Sang
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Mariangela Bonizzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yaw A Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Xu J, Su X, Bonizzoni M, Zhong D, Li Y, Zhou G, Nguyen H, Tong S, Yan G, Chen XG. Comparative transcriptome analysis and RNA interference reveal CYP6A8 and SNPs related to pyrethroid resistance in Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006828. [PMID: 30418967 PMCID: PMC6258463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide and improper application of pyrethroid insecticides for mosquito control has resulted in widespread resistance in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, an important dengue vector. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulation of insecticide resistance is urgently needed to provide a basis for developing novel resistance diagnostic methods and vector control approaches. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible Ae. albopictus by performing paired-end sequencing for RNA expression analysis. The analysis used 24 independent libraries constructed from 12 wild-caught resistant and 12 susceptible Ae. albopictus female adults. A total of 674,503,592 and 612,512,034 reads were obtained, mapped to the Ae. albopictus genome and assembled into 20,091 Ae. albopictus transcripts. A total of 1,130 significantly differentially expressed genes included 874 up-regulated genes and 256 down-regulated genes in the deltamethrin-resistant individuals. These differentially expressed genes code for cytochrome P450s, cuticle proteins, glutathione S-transferase, serine proteases, heat shock proteins, esterase, and others. We selected three highly differentially expressed candidate genes, CYP6A8 and two genes of unknown function (CCG013931 and CCG000656), to test the association between these 3 genes and deltamethrin resistance using RNAi through microinjection in adult mosquitoes and oral feeding in larval mosquitoes. We found that expression knockdown of these three genes caused significant changes in resistance. Further, we detected 1,162 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a frequency difference of more than 50%. Among them, 5 SNPs in 4 cytochrome P450 gene families were found to be significantly associated with resistance in a genotype-phenotype association study using independent field-collected mosquitoes of known resistance phenotypes. Altogether, a combination of novel individually based transcriptome profiling, RNAi, and genetic association study identified both differentially expressed genes and SNPs associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, and laid a useful foundation for further studies on insecticide resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Su
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Yiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Tropical Diseases of Ministry of Education and Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Hoan Nguyen
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Tong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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The Effect of Permethrin Resistance on Aedes aegypti Transcriptome Following Ingestion of Zika Virus Infected Blood. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090470. [PMID: 30200481 PMCID: PMC6165428 DOI: 10.3390/v10090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of many emerging arboviruses. Insecticide resistance among mosquito populations is a consequence of the application of insecticides for mosquito control. We used RNA-sequencing to compare transcriptomes between permethrin resistant and susceptible strains of Florida Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus infection. A total of 2459 transcripts were expressed at significantly different levels between resistant and susceptible Ae. aegypti. Gene ontology analysis placed these genes into seven categories of biological processes. The 863 transcripts were expressed at significantly different levels between the two mosquito strains (up/down regulated) more than 2-fold. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to validate the Zika-infection response. Our results suggested a highly overexpressed P450, with AAEL014617 and AAEL006798 as potential candidates for the molecular mechanism of permethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti. Our findings indicated that most detoxification enzymes and immune system enzymes altered their gene expression between the two strains of Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus infection. Understanding the interactions of arboviruses with resistant mosquito vectors at the molecular level allows for the possible development of new approaches in mitigating arbovirus transmission. This information sheds light on Zika-induced changes in insecticide resistant Ae. aegypti with implications for mosquito control strategies.
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Yan ZW, He ZB, Yan ZT, Si FL, Zhou Y, Chen B. Genome-wide and expression-profiling analyses suggest the main cytochrome P450 genes related to pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis (Diptera Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1810-1820. [PMID: 29393554 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors. However, pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis is threatening malaria control. Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is an important pyrethroid resistance mechanism that has been unexplored in An. sinensis. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the An. sinensis P450 gene superfamily with special attention to their role in pyrethroid resistance using bioinformatics and molecular approaches. RESULTS Our data revealed the presence of 112 individual P450 genes in An. sinensis, which were classified into four major clans (mitochondrial, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4), 18 families and 50 subfamilies. Sixty-seven genes formed nine gene clusters, and genes within the same cluster and the same gene family had a similar gene structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of An. sinensis P450s (82/112) had very close 1: 1 orthology with Anopheles gambiae P450s. Five genes (AsCYP6Z2, AsCYP6P3v1, AsCYP6P3v2, AsCYP9J5 and AsCYP306A1) were significantly upregulated in three pyrethroid-resistant populations in both RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses, suggesting that they could be the most important P450 genes involved in pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis. CONCLUSION Our study provides insight on the diversity of An. sinensis P450 superfamily and basis for further elucidating pyrethroid resistance mechanism in this mosquito species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Bo He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Huang Y, Guo Q, Sun X, Zhang C, Xu N, Xu Y, Zhou D, Sun Y, Ma L, Zhu C, Shen B. Culex pipiens pallens cuticular protein CPLCG5 participates in pyrethroid resistance by forming a rigid matrix. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:6. [PMID: 29301564 PMCID: PMC5753453 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemical insecticides have hugely reduced the prevalence of vector-borne diseases around the world, but resistance threatens their continued effectiveness. Despite its importance, cuticle resistance is an under-studied area, and exploring the detailed molecular basis of resistance is critical for implementing suitable resistance management strategies. Methods We performed western blotting of cuticular protein CPLCG5 in deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) and laboratory-produced deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strains of Culex pipiens pallens. Immunofluorescence assays using a polyclonal antibody to locate cuticular CPLCG5 in mosquitoes. EM immunohistochemical analysis of the femur segment was used to compare the cuticle in control and CPLCG5-deficient siRNA experimental groups. Results The gene CPLCG5 encodes a cuticle protein that plays an important role in pyrethroid resistance. Based on a prior study, we found that expression of CPLCG5 was higher in the resistant (DR) strain than the susceptible (DS) strain. CPLCG5 transcripts were abundant in white pupae and 1-day-old adults, but expression was dramatically decreased in 3-day-old adults, then remained stable thereafter. Western blotting revealed that the CPLCG5 protein was ~2.2-fold higher in the legs of the DR strain than the DS strain. Immunofluorescence assays revealed CPLCG5 expression in the head, thorax, abdomen, wing, and leg, and expression most abundant in the leg and wing. EM immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the exocuticle thickness of the femur was significantly thinner in the CPLCG5-deficient siCPLCG5 strain (0.717 ± 0.110 μm) than the siNC strain (0.946 ± 0.126 μm). Depletion of CPLCG5 by RNA interference resulted in unorganised laminae and a thinner cuticle. Conclusions The results suggest CPLCG5 participates in pyrethroid resistance by forming a rigid matrix and increasing the thickness of the cuticle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2567-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Faucon F, Gaude T, Dusfour I, Navratil V, Corbel V, Juntarajumnong W, Girod R, Poupardin R, Boyer F, Reynaud S, David JP. In the hunt for genomic markers of metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in the mosquito Aedes aegypti: An integrated next-generation sequencing approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005526. [PMID: 28379969 PMCID: PMC5393893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of Aedes mosquitoes to resist chemical insecticides threatens the control of major arbovirus diseases worldwide. Until alternative control tools are widely deployed, monitoring insecticide resistance levels and identifying resistance mechanisms in field mosquito populations is crucial for implementing appropriate management strategies. Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids is common in Aedes aegypti but the monitoring of the dynamics of resistant alleles is impeded by the lack of robust genomic markers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In an attempt to identify the genomic bases of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin, multiple resistant and susceptible populations originating from various continents were compared using both RNA-seq and a targeted DNA-seq approach focused on the upstream regions of detoxification genes. Multiple detoxification enzymes were over transcribed in resistant populations, frequently associated with an increase in their gene copy number. Targeted sequencing identified potential promoter variations associated with their over transcription. Non-synonymous variations affecting detoxification enzymes were also identified in resistant populations. CONCLUSION /SIGNIFICANCE This study not only confirmed the role of gene copy number variations as a frequent cause of the over expression of detoxification enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti but also identified novel genomic resistance markers potentially associated with their cis-regulation and modifications of their protein structure conformation. As for gene transcription data, polymorphism patterns were frequently conserved within regions but differed among continents confirming the selection of different resistance factors worldwide. Overall, this study paves the way of the identification of a comprehensive set of genomic markers for monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of the variety of insecticide resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Faucon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR 5553, 2233 rue de la piscine Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble—Alpes, France
- Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR 5553, 2233 rue de la piscine Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble—Alpes, France
- Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, France
| | | | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Lat Yao Chatuchak Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Juntarajumnong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Lat Yao Chatuchak Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok Thailand (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand)
| | - Romain Girod
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, France
| | | | - Frederic Boyer
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR 5553, 2233 rue de la piscine Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble—Alpes, France
- Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR 5553, 2233 rue de la piscine Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble—Alpes, France
- Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR 5553, 2233 rue de la piscine Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble—Alpes, France
- Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Domingos A, Pinheiro-Silva R, Couto J, do Rosário V, de la Fuente J. The Anopheles gambiae transcriptome - a turning point for malaria control. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:140-151. [PMID: 28067439 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors of several pathogens and thereby contribute to the spread of diseases, with social, economic and public health impacts. Amongst the approximately 450 species of Anopheles, about 60 are recognized as vectors of human malaria, the most important parasitic disease. In Africa, Anopheles gambiae is the main malaria vector mosquito. Current malaria control strategies are largely focused on drugs and vector control measures such as insecticides and bed-nets. Improvement of current, and the development of new, mosquito-targeted malaria control methods rely on a better understanding of mosquito vector biology. An organism's transcriptome is a reflection of its physiological state and transcriptomic analyses of different conditions that are relevant to mosquito vector competence can therefore yield important information. Transcriptomic analyses have contributed significant information on processes such as blood-feeding parasite-vector interaction, insecticide resistance, and tissue- and stage-specific gene regulation, thereby facilitating the path towards the development of new malaria control methods. Here, we discuss the main applications of transcriptomic analyses in An. gambiae that have led to a better understanding of mosquito vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domingos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisboa, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHMT), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Pinheiro-Silva
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Couto
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V do Rosário
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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23
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Liu B, Tian M, Guo Q, Ma L, Zhou D, Shen B, Sun Y, Zhu C. MiR-932 Regulates Pyrethroid Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1205-1210. [PMID: 27313166 PMCID: PMC5013817 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play notable role in regulation of gene expression at the posttranscription level, and have been involved in many biological processes, including insecticide resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-932 in the molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens pallens (L.). Overexpression of miR-932 in the DS-strain made the mosquitoes more resistant to deltamethrin, while inhibiting the expression of miR-932 in the DR-strain made the mosquitoes more sensitive to deltamethrin. Further, we also identified CpCPR5 as a target gene of miR-932. Sustained overexpression of miR-932 resulted in repression of CpCPR5, and that knockdown of miR-932 increased CpCPR5 expression. In addition, knockdown of CpCPR5 decreased the sensitivity of mosquitoes to deltamethrin in the DS-strain. In conclusion, our study finds a molecular link between miR-932 and CpCPR5 and provides a novel insight into the mechanism of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Mengmeng Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
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24
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Zou FF, Guo Q, Sun Y, Zhou D, Hu MX, Hu HX, Liu BQ, Tian MM, Liu XM, Li XX, Ma L, Shen B, Zhu CL. Identification of protease m1 zinc metalloprotease conferring resistance to deltamethrin by characterization of an AFLP marker in Culex pipiens pallens. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:172. [PMID: 27007119 PMCID: PMC4806500 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous and excessive application of deltamethrin (DM) has resulted in the rapid development of insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for resistance to DM had previously been detected in Cx. pipiens pallens. But locating the QTLs on the chromosomes remained difficult. An available approach is to first characterize DNA molecular markers linked with the phenotype, and then identify candidate genes. METHODS In this study, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker L3A8.177 associated with the QTL, was characterized. We searched for potential candidate genes in the flank region of L3A8.177 in the genome sequence of the closely related Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and conducted mRNA expression analysis of the candidate gene via quantitative real-time PCR. Then the relationship between DM resistance and the candidate gene was identified using RNAi and American CDC Bottle Bioassay in vivo. We also cloned the ORF sequences of the candidate gene from both susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. RESULTS The genes CYP6CP1 and protease m1 zinc metalloprotease were in the flank region of L3A8.177 and had significantly different expression levels between susceptible and resistant strains. Protease m1 zinc metalloprotease was significantly up-regulated in the susceptible strains compared with the resistant and remained over-expressed in the susceptible field-collected strains. For deduced amino acid sequences of protease m1 zinc metalloprotease, there was no difference between susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. Knockdown of protease m1 zinc metalloprotease not only decreased the sensitivity of mosquitoes to DM in the susceptible strain but also increased the expression of CYP6CP1, suggesting the role of protease m1 zinc metalloprotease in resistance may be involved in the regulation of the P450 gene expression. CONCLUSION Our study represents an example of candidate genes derived from the AFLP marker associated with the QTL and provides the first evidence that protease m1 zinc metalloprotease may play a role in the regulation of DM resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- FF Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - Q Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - D Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - MX Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - HX Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - BQ Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - MM Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - XM Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - XX Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - B Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
| | - CL Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR of China
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